1
|
Ingwani T, Chaukura N, Mamba BB, Nkambule TTI, Gilmore AM. An optimised and validated surrogate analyte A-TEEM-PARAFAC-PLS technique for detecting and quantifying the biological oxygen demand in surface water. ANAL SCI 2024:10.1007/s44211-024-00605-8. [PMID: 38822950 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-024-00605-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
A 5-day test duration makes BOD5 measurement unsatisfactory and hinders the development of a quick technique. Protein-like fluorescence peaks show a strong correlation between the BOD characteristics and the fluorescence intensities. For identifying and measuring BOD in surface water, a simultaneous absorbance-transmittance and fluorescence excitation-emission matrices (A-TEEM) method combined with PARAFAC (parallel factor) and PLS (partial least squares) analyses was developed using a tyrosine and tryptophan (tyr-trpt) mix as a surrogate analyte for BOD. The use of a surrogate analyte was decided upon due to lack of fluorescent BOD standards. Tyr-trpt mix standard solutions were added to surface water samples to prepare calibration and validation samples. PARAFAC analysis of excitation-emission matrices detected the tyr-trpt mix in surface water. PLS modelling demonstrated significant linearity (R2 = 0.991) between the predicted and measured tyr-trypt mix concentrations, and accuracy and robustness were all acceptable per the ICH Q2 (R2) and ASTM multivariate calibration/validation procedures guidelines. Based on a suitable and workable surrogate analyte method, these results imply that BOD can be detected and quantified using the A-TEEM-PARAFAC-PLS method. Very positive comparability between tyr-trypt mix concentrations was found, suggesting that tyr-trypt mix might eventually take the place of a BOD-based sampling protocol. Overall, this approach offers a novel tool that can be quickly applied in water treatment plant settings and is a step in supporting the trend toward rapid BOD determination in waters. Further studies should demonstrate the wide application of the method using real wastewater samples from various water treatment facilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ingwani
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Engineering, Science and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nhamo Chaukura
- Department of Physical and Earth Sciences, Sol Plaatje University, Kimberley, South Africa.
| | - Bhekie B Mamba
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Engineering, Science and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Thabo T I Nkambule
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Engineering, Science and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Adam M Gilmore
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Engineering, Science and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Horiba Instruments Incorporated, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liang W, Chen Y, Wei Y, Song Z, Li C, Zheng Y, Yi Z. Analysis of Binding Modes between Three Perfluorosulfonates and GPER Based on Computational Simulation and Multiple Spectral Methods. TOXICS 2024; 12:315. [PMID: 38787094 PMCID: PMC11125618 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12050315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) belong to a significant category of global environmental pollutants. Investigating the toxicological effects of PFCs within biological systems is of critical significance in various disciplines such as life sciences, environmental science, chemistry, and ecotoxicology. In this study, under simulated human physiological conditions (pH = 7.4), a combination of multiple spectroscopic techniques and computational simulations was employed to investigate the impact of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) on the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER). Additionally, the research focused on exploring the binding modes and toxicological mechanisms between PFCs and GPER at the molecular level. All three perfluorinated sulfonic acids (PFSAs) can induce quenching of GPER fluorescence through static quenching and non-radiative energy transfer. Steady-state fluorescence calculations at different temperatures revealed apparent binding constants in the order of 106, confirming a strong binding affinity between the three PFSAs and GPER. Molecular docking studies indicated that the binding sites of PFSAs are located within the largest hydrophobic cavity in the head region of GPER, where they can engage in hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions with amino acid residues within the cavity. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, three-dimensional fluorescence, and molecular dynamics simulations collectively indicate that proteins become more stable upon binding with small molecules. There is an overall increase in hydrophobicity, and alterations in the secondary structure of the protein are observed. This study deepens the comprehension of the effects of PFCs on the endocrine system, aiding in evaluating their potential impact on human health. It provides a basis for policy-making and environmental management while also offering insights for developing new pollution monitoring methods and drug therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhongsheng Yi
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China; (W.L.); (Y.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huang X, Fu X, Zhao Z, Yin H. The telltale fluorescence fingerprints of sewer flows for interpreting the low influent concentration in wastewater treatment plant. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 349:119517. [PMID: 37952380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Low degradability of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) influents negatively affects its ability to effectively remove pollutants through wastewater treatment processes. Proactive assessment of urban sewer system performance is highly valued in the selection of targeted countermeasures for this occurrence. In this study, a fluorescence spectrum interpretation approach was developed to identify the causes of low biodegradability of WWTP influent by using parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and fluorescence regional integration (FRI) of excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy. Statistical analysis was also used to further interpret the PARAFAC- and FRI-derived data. The urban sewer catchment served by a WWTP in Wuhan City, China, was used as the test site to demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach. The results showed that electronics manufacturing industrial wastewater and groundwater input into the urban sewer would significantly decrease the biodegradability of the WWTP influents, and these sources were characterized by much lower fluorescence peak intensities, especially for protein-like substances, including tryptophan-like T and tyrosine-like B1 and B2. The potential conversion of high freshness T into low freshness B2 within the sewer may also contribute to this undesirable scenario. The ratio of peak T to peak B2 and the ratio of the FRI fraction of region I to that of region II can be used together to determine the predominance of industrial wastewater and groundwater. T/B2 < 1.3 indicates the entry of industrial wastewater or groundwater into urban sewers, and I/II > 0.5 further confirms the input of industrial wastewater. Accordingly, the low biodegradability of the WWTP influents in our study site is mostly due to the inflow of industrial wastewater rather than groundwater infiltration into the urban sewers. Therefore, actions should be focused on the surveillance of industrial wastewater rather than widespread sewer inspection and repairs. In this way, this methodology is cost-effective in aiding targeted countermeasures to improve the urban sewer system performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Huang
- Changjiang Institute of Survey, Planning, Design and Research, Wuhan, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Comprehensive Water Environment Treatment in the Yangtze River Basin, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaowei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhichao Zhao
- Changjiang Institute of Survey, Planning, Design and Research, Wuhan, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Comprehensive Water Environment Treatment in the Yangtze River Basin, Wuhan, China
| | - Hailong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nurhayati M, You Y, Park J, Lee BJ, Kang HG, Lee S. Artificial neural network implementation for dissolved organic carbon quantification using fluorescence intensity as a predictor in wastewater treatment plants. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139032. [PMID: 37236275 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Although spectroscopic methods provide a fast and cost-effective means of monitoring dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in natural and engineered water systems, the prediction accuracy of these methods is limited by the complex relationship between optical properties and DOC concentration. In this study, we developed DOC prediction models using multiple linear/log-linear regression and feedforward artificial neural network (ANN) and investigated the effectiveness of spectroscopic properties, such as fluorescence intensity and UV absorption at 254 nm (UV254), as predictors. Optimum predictors were identified based on correlation analysis to construct models using single and multiple predictors. We compared the peak-picking and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) methods for selecting appropriate fluorescence wavelengths. Both methods had similar prediction capability (p-values >0.05), suggesting PARAFAC was not necessary for choosing fluorescence predictors. Fluorescence peak T was identified as a more accurate predictor than UV254. Combining UV254 and multiple fluorescence peak intensities as predictors further improved the prediction capability of the models. The ANN models outperformed the linear/log-linear regression models with multiple predictors, achieving higher prediction accuracy (peak-picking: R2 = 0.8978, RMSE = 0.3105 mg/L; PARAFAC: R2 = 0.9079, RMSE = 0.2989 mg/L). These findings suggest the potential to develop a real-time DOC concentration sensor based on optical properties using an ANN for signal processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mita Nurhayati
- Department of Advanced Science and Technology Convergence, Kyungpook National University, 2559 Gyeongsang-daero, Sangju-si 37224, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry, Indonesia University of Education, Setiabudhi 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia
| | - Youngmin You
- Department of Advanced Science and Technology Convergence, Kyungpook National University, 2559 Gyeongsang-daero, Sangju-si 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongkwan Park
- School of Civil, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongsangnamdo, 51140, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Joon Lee
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 2559 Gyeongsang-daero, Sangju-si 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Geun Kang
- BIN-TECH KOREA Co., Ltd., A 3S52, 158-10, Sajik-daero 361beon-gil, Sangdang-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungyun Lee
- Department of Advanced Science and Technology Convergence, Kyungpook National University, 2559 Gyeongsang-daero, Sangju-si 37224, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 2559 Gyeongsang-daero, Sangju-si 37224, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lan J, Liu L, Wang X, Wu X, Wang Z. DOM tracking and prediction of rural domestic sewage with UV-vis and EEM in the Yangtze River Delta, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:74579-74590. [PMID: 35639319 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20979-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Compared with the urban sewage treatment plants, the operation of rural decentralized sewage facilities is trapped by the absence of professionals, thus having to be run dependently on the self-adaptive operation of the facilities, which makes timely monitoring particularly important. In this study, organic pollutants in rural domestic sewage and urban domestic sewage are analyzed using ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) and Fourier transform infrared reflectance (FTIR). Compared with the UV-vis absorption spectrum, EEM can not only make up the deficiency in the detection of some easily degradable organics in sewage, but also reveal the transformation of different components, thus indicating timely the treatment progress of rural sewage. Linear fitting of COD and spectrum shows that UV254 combined with fluorescence excitation-emission at Ex/Em = 250/330 nm might be more suitable for the prediction of COD in rural water than the UV254 alone. This is of great significance for guiding the self-adaptive operation of rural domestic sewage facilities, improving their stability and efficiency, so as to improve the rural living environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Lan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lili Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control On Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xu Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control On Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xiaoxin Wu
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Philibert M, Luo S, Moussanas L, Yuan Q, Filloux E, Zraick F, Murphy KR. Drinking water aromaticity and treatability is predicted by dissolved organic matter fluorescence. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 220:118592. [PMID: 35613481 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Samples from fifty-five surface water resources and twenty-five drinking water treatment plants in Europe, Africa, Asia, and USA were used to analyse the fluorescence composition of global surface waters and predict aromaticity and treatability from fluorescence excitation emission matrices. Nine underlying fluorescence components were identified in the dataset using parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and differences in aromaticity and treatability could be predicted from ratios between components Hii (λex/λem= 395/521), Hiii (λex/λem= 330/404), Pi, (λex/λem=290/365) and Pii (λex/λem= 275/302). Component Hii tracked humic acids of primarily plant origin, Hiii tracked weathered/oxidised humics and the "building block" fraction measured by LC-OCD, while Pi and Pii tracked amino acids in the "low molecular weight neutrals" LC-OCD fraction. Ratios between PARAFAC components predicted DOC removal at lab scale for French rivers in standardized tests involving coagulation, powdered activated carbon (PAC), chlorination, ion exchange (IEX), and ozonation, alone and in combination. The ratio Hii/Hiii, for convenience named "PARIX" standing for "PARAFAC index", predicted SUVA according to a simple relationship: SUVA = 4.0 x PARIX (RMSEp=0.55) Lmg-1m-1. These results expand the utility of fluorescence spectroscopy in water treatment applications, by demonstrating the existence of previously unknown relationships between fluorescence composition, aromaticity and treatability that appear to hold across diverse surface waters at various stages of drinking water treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Philibert
- SUEZ - CIRSEE, 38, rue du Président-Wilson, 78230, Le Pecq, France
| | - Simin Luo
- SUEZ - CIRSEE, 38, rue du Président-Wilson, 78230, Le Pecq, France
| | - Lavel Moussanas
- SUEZ - CIRSEE, 38, rue du Président-Wilson, 78230, Le Pecq, France
| | - Qingqing Yuan
- SUEZ - CIRSEE, 38, rue du Président-Wilson, 78230, Le Pecq, France
| | | | - Flavia Zraick
- SUEZ - CIRSEE, 38, rue du Président-Wilson, 78230, Le Pecq, France
| | - Kathleen R Murphy
- Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yin H, Wang Y, Huang J. Photodegradation-induced biological degradation of treated wastewater effluent organic matter in receiving waters. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 204:117567. [PMID: 34464744 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Effluent organic matter (EfOM) from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) constitutes an important source of dissolved organic matter in receiving waters. Photodegradation may alter the properties of WWTP EfOM, thereby impacting its biodegradability and microbial respiration. However, whether and how natural sunlight exposure of EfOM affects its biodegradability and microbial oxygen consumption in the receiving waters are unclear. To address these knowledge gaps, incubation experiments of biodegradation, photodegradation, and bio-photodegradation were conducted with the effluent samples from a tertiary WWTP in Heifei, China. The quantity and quality of the EfOM were examined during the incubations to interpret changes in its lability and composition. The results showed that photodegradation facilitated and accelerated the EfOM biodegradation. After natural sunlight exposure, the EfOM degradation rate was significantly enhanced from 0.004 d-1 to 0.065 d-1 measured by dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Correspondingly, the DOC concentration of EfOM was reduced by 64.2% (26.6% by photodegradation and 37.5% by bio-photodegradation), while the concentration was only reduced by 5.3% in the direct biodegradation. Sunlight exposure of EfOM resulted in lower molecular weight, less aromatic, lower humified, more bleached photoproducts. These substances could be readily metabolized by the native microbial community in the receiving water, stimulating microbial respiration. Correspondingly, the oxygen consumption rate of EfOM increased from almost 0.11 mg L-1 d-1 in the direct biodegradation to 2.17 mg L-1 d-1 in the bio-photodegradation. This study highlights that after EfOM is discharged to the receiving water, its post-processing by sunlight can enhance biodegradability. The existence of the coupled photochemical and biological process is suggested to be considered when determining EfOM fate and managing effluent discharge in receiving waters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Rays Computational Intelligence Laboratory, Beijing Inteliway Environmental Science & Technology, Ltd., Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jingshui Huang
- Chair of Hydrology and River Basin Management, Technical University of Munich, Arcisstrasse 21, 80333 Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Khamis K, Bradley C, Gunter HJ, Basevi G, Stevens R, Hannah DM. Calibration of an in-situ fluorescence-based sensor platform for reliable BOD 5 measurement in wastewater. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 83:3075-3091. [PMID: 34185701 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Reliance on biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) as an indicator of wastewater quality has hindered the development of efficient process control due to the associated uncertainty and lag-times. Surrogate measurements have been proposed, with fluorescence spectroscopy a promising technique. Yet, assessment of in-situ fluorescence sensors across multiple wastewater treatment plants (WwTPs), and at different treatment stages, is limited. In this study a multi-parameter sonde (two fluorescence peaks, turbidity, temperature and electrical conductivity) was used to provide a BOD5 surrogate measurement. The sonde was deployed at three WwTPs, on post primary settlement tanks (PST) and final effluent (FE). Triplicate laboratory measurements of BOD5, from independent laboratories were used to calibrate the sensor, with high variability apparent for FE samples. Site and process specific sensor calibrations yielded the best results (R2cv = 0.76-0.86; 10-fold cross-validation) and mean BOD5 of the three laboratory measurements improved FE calibration. When combining PST sites a reasonable calibration was still achieved (R2cv = 0.67) suggesting transfer of sensors between WwTPs may be possible. This study highlights the potential to use online optical sensors as robust BOD5 surrogates in WwTPs. However, careful calibration (i.e. replicated BOD5 measurements) is required for FE as laboratory measurements can be associated with high uncertainty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Khamis
- School of Geography Earth and Environmental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK E-mail:
| | - C Bradley
- School of Geography Earth and Environmental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK E-mail:
| | - H J Gunter
- School of Geography Earth and Environmental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK E-mail: ; RS Hydro Ltd, Leask House, Hanbury Road, Stoke Prior, Worcestershire B60 4JZ, UK
| | - G Basevi
- RS Hydro Ltd, Leask House, Hanbury Road, Stoke Prior, Worcestershire B60 4JZ, UK
| | - R Stevens
- RS Hydro Ltd, Leask House, Hanbury Road, Stoke Prior, Worcestershire B60 4JZ, UK
| | - D M Hannah
- School of Geography Earth and Environmental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Saravanan A, Kumar PS, Varjani S, Jeevanantham S, Yaashikaa PR, Thamarai P, Abirami B, George CS. A review on algal-bacterial symbiotic system for effective treatment of wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 271:129540. [PMID: 33434824 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Industrialization, urbanization and other anthropogenic activities releases different organic and inorganic toxic chemicals into the environment which prompted the water contamination in the environment. Different physical and chemical techniques have been employed to treat the contaminated wastewater, among them biological wastewater treatment using algae has been studied extensively to overwhelm the constraints related to the usually utilized wastewater treatment techniques. The presence of bacterial biota in the wastewater will form a bond with algae and act as a natural water purification system. The removal efficiency of single algae systems was very low in contrast with that of algal-bacterial systems. Heterotrophic microorganisms separate natural organic matter that is discharged by algae as dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and discharges CO2 that the algae can take up for photosynthesis. Algae bacteria associations offer an exquisite answer for tertiary and scrape medicines because of the capacity of micro-algae to exploit inorganic compounds for their development. Furthermore, for their ability to evacuate noxious contaminants, in this way, it does not prompt optional contamination. The present review contribute the outline of algae-bacteria symbiotic relationship and their applications in the wastewater treatment. The role of algae and bacteria in the wastewater treatment have been elucidated in this review. Moreover, the efforts have been imparted the importance of alage-bacteria consortium and its applications for various pollutant removal from the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Saravanan
- Department of Biotechnology, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai, 602105 India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India.
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382010, India
| | - S Jeevanantham
- Department of Biotechnology, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai, 602105 India
| | - P R Yaashikaa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India
| | - P Thamarai
- Department of Food Technology, JCT College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, 641105, India
| | - B Abirami
- Center for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119, India
| | - Cynthia Susan George
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Guillossou R, Le Roux J, Goffin A, Mailler R, Varrault G, Vulliet E, Morlay C, Nauleau F, Guérin S, Rocher V, Gaspéri J. Fluorescence excitation/emission matrices as a tool to monitor the removal of organic micropollutants from wastewater effluents by adsorption onto activated carbon. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 190:116749. [PMID: 33352527 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring the removal of organic micropollutants (OMPs) in advanced wastewater treatment facilities requires expensive and time-consuming analytical methods that cannot be installed online. Spectroscopic techniques such as fluorescence excitation/emission spectroscopy were demonstrated to offer the potential for monitoring OMPs removal in conventional wastewater treatment plants or ozonation pilots but their application to activated carbon (AC) adsorption processes was only investigated at lab scale and not in real treatment facilities. In this study, indexes from fluorescence emission/excitation matrices (EEMs) were used to find correlations with the removal of 28 OMPs from a large-scale AC pilot in fluidized bed employed for wastewater advanced treatment, as well as from batch experiments. Differences in OMPs removal could be observed depending on the operational conditions (i.e. pilot or batch experiments, contact time, type of AC) and the physico-chemical properties of the molecules. 7 PARAFAC components were derived from the fluorescence EEMs of 60 samples obtained before and after adsorption. Positive correlations were obtained between the removal of fluorescence indexes and most OMPs, and correlation coefficients were much higher than the ones obtained with UV254, confirming the interesting potential of fluorescence spectroscopy to accurately monitor adsorption performances at the industrial scale. The highest correlation coefficients were obtained for OMPs having the best removals while the ones that were refractory to adsorption, as well as to interactions with DOM, exhibited weak correlations. These results suggest that interactions between OMPs and fluorescing DOM and their subsequent co-adsorption onto AC were at the origin of the correlations found. Lower correlations were also found for the most biodegradable OMPs, which indicated that the occurrence of biological effects could make the monitoring of these compounds more challenging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Guillossou
- Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Julien Le Roux
- Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France.
| | - Angélique Goffin
- Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Romain Mailler
- Service public de l'assainissement francilien (SIAAP), Direction Innovation, Colombes, France
| | - Gilles Varrault
- Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Emmanuelle Vulliet
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Catherine Morlay
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées-Lyon, MATEIS, UMR 5510, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Fabrice Nauleau
- Saur, Direction de la Recherche et du Développement, Maurepas, France
| | - Sabrina Guérin
- Service public de l'assainissement francilien (SIAAP), Direction Innovation, Colombes, France
| | - Vincent Rocher
- Service public de l'assainissement francilien (SIAAP), Direction Innovation, Colombes, France
| | - Johnny Gaspéri
- Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France; GERS-LEE, Université Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, F-44344 Bouguenais, France.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shi W, Zhuang WE, Hur J, Yang L. Monitoring dissolved organic matter in wastewater and drinking water treatments using spectroscopic analysis and ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 188:116406. [PMID: 33010601 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a critical role in determining the quality of wastewater and the safety of drinking water. This is the first review to compare two types of popular DOM monitoring techniques, including absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence excitation-emission matrices (EEMs) coupled with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) vs. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS), for the applications in wastewater and drinking water treatments. The optical techniques provide a series of indices for tracking the quantity and quality of chromophoric and fluorescent DOM, while FT-ICR-MS is capable of identifying thousands of DOM compounds in wastewater and drinking water at the molecule level. Both types of monitoring techniques are increasingly used in studying DOM in wastewater and drinking water treatments. They provide valuable insights into the variability of DOM composition in wastewater and drinking water. The complexity and diversity of DOM highlight the challenges for effective water treatments. Different effects of various treatment processes on DOM are also assessed, which indicates that the information on DOM composition and its removal is key to optimize the treatment processes. Considering notable progress in advanced treatment processes and novel materials for removing DOM, it is important to continuously utilize these powerful monitoring tools for assessing the responses of different DOM constituents to a series of treatment processes, which can achieve an effective removal of DOM and the quality of treated water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weixin Shi
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center for High-value Utilization Technology of Plant Resources, College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wan-E Zhuang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Liyang Yang
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center for High-value Utilization Technology of Plant Resources, College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Goffin A, Vasquez-Vergara LA, Guérin-Rechdaoui S, Rocher V, Varrault G. Temperature, turbidity, and the inner filter effect correction methodology for analyzing fluorescent dissolved organic matter in urban sewage. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:35712-35723. [PMID: 32601876 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09889-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) will be increasingly monitored by means of in situ fluorescence spectroscopy devices in order to supervise wastewater treatment plant efficiency, due to their ease of implementation and high-frequency measurement capacity. However, fluorescence spectroscopy measurements are reported to be sensitive to the sample matrix effects of temperature, the inner filter effect (IFE), and turbidity. Matrix effect estimation tests and signal correction have been developed for DOM (tyrosine-like, tryptophan-like, and humic substances-like fluorescent compounds) fluorescence measurements in unfiltered urban sewage samples. All such tests are conducted in temperature, absorbance, and turbidity ranges representative of urban sewage. For all fluorophores studied, an average of 1% fluorescence intensity decrease per degree (°C) of temperature increase could be observed. Protein-like fluorescent compound signals were found to be significantly affected by turbidity (0 to 210 NTU) and IFE (absorbance 254 nm > 0.200). Only temperature needs to be corrected for humic substances-like fluorescent compounds since other effects were not observed over the studied ranges of absorbance and turbidity. The fluorescence intensity correction method was applied first to each matrix effect separately and then combined by using a sequential mathematical correction methodology. An efficient methodology for determining the matrix effect correction equations for DOM fluorescence analysis into unfiltered urban sewage samples has been highlighted and could be used for in situ fluorescence measurement devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angélique Goffin
- LEESU, Universite Paris Est Créteil, F-94010, Créteil, France.
- SIAAP, Direction Innovation, Colombes, France.
| | | | | | | | - Gilles Varrault
- LEESU, Universite Paris Est Créteil, F-94010, Créteil, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li J, Wang L, Geng J, Li S, Yu Q, Xu K, Ren H. Distribution and removal of fluorescent dissolved organic matter in 15 municipal wastewater treatment plants in China. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 251:126375. [PMID: 32151811 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM), having complex structures like aromatic structure and double bond structure, is able to represent relatively refractory parts of dissolved organic matter (DOM). This study investigated the distribution of FDOM in the influents and the removal in the secondary effluents of 15 municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in 15 provincial capitals of China. Eight components have been identified using excitation emission matrix combined with parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC). Tryptophan-like (C1 or C4), terrestrial humic-like (C2) and microbial humic-like (C3) fluorescent components were major FDOM components in municipal wastewater, appearing in 11 WWTPs simultaneously. The removal of total fluorescence was generally about 30%-40%, while hydrophobic humic-like compounds (C5 and C8) were the most refractory components with 4%-16% removal and C3 was the second most refractory with -11%-41% removal. The compositions of FDOM in municipal wastewater were different in northeast/west and middle/east regions according to the self-organized map (SOM) analysis. Wastewater sources had more important influence on fluorescent characteristics of secondary effluents than biological treatment processes. Besides, this study found that humification index (HIX) was the most suitable index to describe the bulk fluorescent character of wastewater since it had a good correlation with abundance, removal and ratios of main fluorescent components either in the influents or in the secondary effluents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juechun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Liye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jinju Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Shengnan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Qingmiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ke Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Guillossou R, Le Roux J, Brosillon S, Mailler R, Vulliet E, Morlay C, Nauleau F, Rocher V, Gaspéri J. Benefits of ozonation before activated carbon adsorption for the removal of organic micropollutants from wastewater effluents. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 245:125530. [PMID: 31881388 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Advanced processes for the removal of organic micropollutants (OMPs) from wastewater effluents include adsorption onto activated carbon, ozonation, or a combination of both processes. The removal of 28 OMPs present in a real wastewater effluent was studied by ozonation coupled to activated carbon adsorption and compared to a sole adsorption. The influence of the specific ozone dose (0.09-1.29 gO3/gDOC) and the influence of the powdered activated carbon (PAC) dose (2, 5 and 10 mg/L) were first studied separately. OMPs removal increased with both the specific ozone dose (up to 80% for a dose higher than 0.60 gO3/gDOC) and the PAC dose. Ozonation performances decreased in presence of suspended solids, which were converted to dissolved organic carbon. A correction of the specific ozone dose according to the suspended solids levels, in addition to nitrite, should be considered. The influence of ozonation (0.09, 0.22, 0.94 and 1.29 gO3/gDOC) on OMPs adsorption was then assessed. OMPs adsorption didn't change at low specific ozone doses but increased at higher specific ozone doses due to a decrease in DOM adsorption and competition with OMPs. At low ozone doses followed by adsorption (0.22 gO3/gDOC and 10 mg/L PAC), the two processes appeared complementary as OMPs with a low reactivity toward ozone were well absorbed onto PAC while most OMPs refractory to adsorption were well eliminated by ozone. Improved removals were obtained for all compounds with these selected doses, reaching more than 80% removal for most OMPs while limiting the formation of bromate ion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Guillossou
- Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, Université Paris-Est Créteil, AgroParisTech, Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains, UMR-MA 102, Créteil, France
| | - Julien Le Roux
- Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, Université Paris-Est Créteil, AgroParisTech, Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains, UMR-MA 102, Créteil, France.
| | - Stéphan Brosillon
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM - UMR 5635, ENSCM, CNRS, CC047, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Romain Mailler
- Service Public de L'assainissement Francilien (SIAAP), Direction Innovation, Colombes, France
| | - Emmanuelle Vulliet
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Catherine Morlay
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon, MATEIS, UMR 5510, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Fabrice Nauleau
- Saur, Direction de La Recherche et Du Développement, Maurepas, France
| | - Vincent Rocher
- Service Public de L'assainissement Francilien (SIAAP), Direction Innovation, Colombes, France
| | - Johnny Gaspéri
- Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, Université Paris-Est Créteil, AgroParisTech, Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains, UMR-MA 102, Créteil, France; Water and Environment Laboratory (LEE), Geotechnical engineering, Environment, Natural hazards and Earth Sciences Department (GERS), French Institute of Science and Technology for Transport, Development and Networks (IFSTTAR), IRSTV, 44340 Bouguenais, France.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Guillossou R, Le Roux J, Mailler R, Pereira-Derome CS, Varrault G, Bressy A, Vulliet E, Morlay C, Nauleau F, Rocher V, Gasperi J. Influence of dissolved organic matter on the removal of 12 organic micropollutants from wastewater effluent by powdered activated carbon adsorption. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 172:115487. [PMID: 31962270 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The presence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in wastewater effluents is recognized as the main factor limiting the adsorption of organic micropollutants (OMPs) onto activated carbon. The degree of the negative effect that DOM, depending on its quality, exerts on OMPs adsorption is still unclear. The influence of the interactions between DOM and OMPs on their removal is also not fully understood. Adsorption isotherms and conventional batch tests were performed in ultra-pure water and in wastewater effluent to study the influence of DOM on the adsorption of 12 OMPs onto powdered activated carbon. Best fit of adsorption pseudo-isotherms was obtained with the Freundlich equation and showed, as expected, that OMPs adsorption was higher in ultra-pure water than in wastewater effluent due to the presence of DOM leading to pore blockage and competition for adsorption sites. LC-OCD analysis revealed that biopolymers and hydrophobic molecules were the most adsorbed fractions while humic acids were not removed after a contact time of either 30 min or 72 h. The presence of DOM had a negative impact on the removal of all OMPs after 30 min of adsorption, but similar removals to ultra-pure water were obtained for 6 OMPs after 72 h of adsorption. This demonstrated that competition between DOM and OMPs for adsorption sites was not a major mechanism as compared to pore blockage, which only slowed down the adsorption and did not prevent it. The charge of OMPs had a clear impact: the adsorption of negatively charged compounds was reduced in the presence of wastewater effluent due to repulsive electrostatic interactions with the adsorbed DOM and the PAC surface. On the other hand, the removal of positively charged compounds was improved. A 24 h pre-equilibrium between OMPs and DOM improved their removal onto PAC, which suggest that OMPs and DOM interacted in solution which decreased the negative effects caused by the presence of DOM, e.g. through co-adsorption of an OMP-DOM complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Guillossou
- Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, Université Paris-Est Créteil, AgroParisTech, Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains, UMR MA 102, Créteil, France
| | - Julien Le Roux
- Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, Université Paris-Est Créteil, AgroParisTech, Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains, UMR MA 102, Créteil, France.
| | - Romain Mailler
- Service Public de l'assainissement Francilien (SIAAP), Direction Innovation et Environnement, Colombes, France
| | - Caroline Soares Pereira-Derome
- Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, Université Paris-Est Créteil, AgroParisTech, Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains, UMR MA 102, Créteil, France
| | - Gilles Varrault
- Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, Université Paris-Est Créteil, AgroParisTech, Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains, UMR MA 102, Créteil, France
| | - Adèle Bressy
- Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, Université Paris-Est Créteil, AgroParisTech, Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains, UMR MA 102, Créteil, France
| | - Emmanuelle Vulliet
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon, MATEIS, UMR 5510, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Catherine Morlay
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Fabrice Nauleau
- Saur, Direction de la Recherche et Du Développement, Maurepas, France
| | - Vincent Rocher
- Service Public de l'assainissement Francilien (SIAAP), Direction Innovation et Environnement, Colombes, France
| | - Johnny Gasperi
- Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, Université Paris-Est Créteil, AgroParisTech, Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains, UMR MA 102, Créteil, France; Water and Environment Laboratory (LEE), Geotechnical engineering, Environment, Natural hazards and Earth Sciences Department (GERS), French Institute of Science and Technology for Transport, Development and Networks (IFSTTAR), IRSTV, 44340 Bouguenais, France.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Komatsu K, Onodera T, Kohzu A, Syutsubo K, Imai A. Characterization of dissolved organic matter in wastewater during aerobic, anaerobic, and anoxic treatment processes by molecular size and fluorescence analyses. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 171:115459. [PMID: 31935641 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM: the dissolved fraction of natural organic matter) during a series of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) processes were investigated by using a combination of molecular size analysis and excitation emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy coupled with parallel factor analysis. The characteristics of DOM were compared following aerobic, anoxic, and anaerobic treatments. Three peaks at about 100,000 Da (high-molecular-size DOM, Peak 1) and about 900-1,100 Da (intermediate-molecular-size DOM, Peak 2; low-molecular-size DOM, Peak 3 as the shoulder of Peak 2) were observed in the distribution of total organic carbon molecular sizes in the influent of the WWTPs. In this study, five fluorescent components (C1 to C5) were identified in the EEM spectra. Molecular size analysis and molecular size fractionation revealed that the C3 (humic-like) and C5 (specific to sewage) fluorophores had intermediate or low molecular sizes. Comparison of the changes of the concentrations of dissolved organic carbon in each reaction tank and investigation of the removal selectivity of each treatment (aerobic, anaerobic, and anoxic) suggested that the heterogenous compounds present in DOM of the influent were homogenized into intermediate-molecular-size DOM with high hydrophobicity and aromaticity, or into C4 fluorophores (DOM-X), during anaerobic or anoxic treatment. DOM-X was able to be transformed or removed by aerobic treatment. The results suggested that introduction of aerobic treatment at the appropriate stage of wastewater treatment or inclusion of physical or chemical treatment should be an effective way to optimize DOM removal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Komatsu
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan.
| | - Takashi Onodera
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Ayato Kohzu
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Syutsubo
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Akio Imai
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Goffin A, Guérin-Rechdaoui S, Rocher V, Varrault G. An environmentally friendly surrogate method for measuring the soluble chemical oxygen demand in wastewater: use of three-dimensional excitation and emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy in wastewater treatment monitoring. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:421. [PMID: 31177336 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7570-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Gaining rapid knowledge of dissolved organic matter (DOM) proves to be decisive for wastewater treatment plant operators in efforts to achieve good treatment efficiency in light of current legislation. DOM can be monitored by application of fluorescence spectroscopy both online and in real time in order to derive an assessment of DOM oxidation potential. This work presents an eco-friendly alternative method for measuring the soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD) in raw sewage by means of three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy. A peak-picking approach has been developed based on a previous parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) model dedicated to Paris raw sewage. Fluorescence spectroscopy parameters were used to obtain a good prediction model of soluble COD (r2 = 0.799; p < 0.0001; n = 80) for raw sewage. The approach employed in this study serves as a guideline for purposes of implementing online wastewater monitoring and conducting environmentally friendly soluble COD measurements in the laboratory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angélique Goffin
- LEESU, Université Paris-Est (UMR MA 102), UPEC, École des Ponts ParisTech, AgroParisTech, 94000, Créteil, France.
- SIAAP, Direction Innovation Environnement, 92700, Colombes, France.
| | | | - Vincent Rocher
- SIAAP, Direction Innovation Environnement, 92700, Colombes, France
| | - Gilles Varrault
- LEESU, Université Paris-Est (UMR MA 102), UPEC, École des Ponts ParisTech, AgroParisTech, 94000, Créteil, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ndiweni SN, Chys M, Chaukura N, Van Hulle SWH, Nkambule TTI. Assessing the impact of environmental activities on natural organic matter in South Africa and Belgium. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2019; 40:1756-1768. [PMID: 30702027 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1575920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The presence and persistence of natural organic matter (NOM) in drinking water treatment plants (WTPs) requires a robust and rapid monitoring method. Measurement and monitoring of NOM fractions using current technology is time-consuming and expensive. This study uses fluorescence measurements in combination with Parallel Factor (ParaFac) analysis to characterize NOM fractions. This was achieved through: (1) determining the origin and composition of NOM fractions using fluorescence index (FI), humification index, biological index, and freshness index, and (2) using multivariate analysis to reveal key parameters and hidden NOM fraction characteristics influenced by seasonal changes and environmental activities. The ParaFac model revealed that the NOM fractions for Belgium plants are mainly hydrophobic acids, aromatic proteins, biological activity, humic acid-like, and fulvic acid-like moieties. The NOM fractions in South African plants were mainly aromatic protein, humic acid-like, fulvic acid-like, tryptophan-like, and protein-like moieties. For Belgium plants in spring FI >1.7, indicating high microbial sources, whereas FI < 1.3 for South African plants, signifying terrestrial sources of NOM. On the one hand, the first principal component (PC1) interpreted 33.02% of the total variance, and is a measure of fluorescent NOM relative concentration. On the other hand, the PC2 interpreted 21.47% and contains most of the information on humification, freshness, and biological indicators, while PC3 interpreted 17.74% and contains information on the origin and variation in environmental conditions. These results will assist in developing a method for online monitoring of NOM fractions in water sources based on environment activities and spectral measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sikelelwa N Ndiweni
- a Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa , Johannesburg , South Africa
| | - Michael Chys
- b LIWET, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology , Ghent University , Kortrijk , Belgium
| | - Nhamo Chaukura
- a Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa , Johannesburg , South Africa
| | - Stijn W H Van Hulle
- b LIWET, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology , Ghent University , Kortrijk , Belgium
| | - Thabo T I Nkambule
- a Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa , Johannesburg , South Africa
| |
Collapse
|