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Versteeg FG, Picchioni F. Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain-Transfer Polymerization in Supercritical CO 2: A Review. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400514. [PMID: 39259254 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
The development of cleaner, more environmentally friendly processes in polymerization technology is crucial due to the prevalent use of volatile organic solvents (VOCs), which are harmful and toxic. Future regulations are likely to limit or ban VOCs. This review explores the use of supercritical solvents, specifically supercritical CO2 (scCO2), in polymerization processes. The study focuses on reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) induced homo-polymerization of various monomers using specific chain transfer agents (CTAs) in scCO2. RAFT polymerization, a reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) polymerization, relies heavily on the choice of CTA, which significantly influences the dispersity and molar mass of the resulting polymers. Stabilizers are also crucial in controlling product specifications for polymerizations in supercritical CO2, except for fluor-based polymers, although they must be removed and preferably recycled to ensure product purity and sustainability. The review notes that achieving high molar mass through RAFT polymerization in scCO2 is challenging due to solubility limits, which lead to polymer precipitation. Despite this, RAFT polymerization in scCO2 shows promise for sustainable, circular production of low molar mass polymers, although these cannot yet be fully considered green products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friso G Versteeg
- Department of Chemical Engineering - Product Technology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Picchioni
- Department of Chemical Engineering - Product Technology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
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2
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Milanković V, Tasić T, Pašti IA, Lazarević-Pašti T. Resolving Coffee Waste and Water Pollution-A Study on KOH-Activated Coffee Grounds for Organophosphorus Xenobiotics Remediation. J Xenobiot 2024; 14:1238-1255. [PMID: 39311149 PMCID: PMC11417810 DOI: 10.3390/jox14030070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates using KOH-activated coffee grounds (KACGs) as an effective adsorbent for removing organophosphorus xenobiotics malathion and chlorpyrifos from water. Malathion and chlorpyrifos, widely used as pesticides, pose significant health risks due to their neurotoxic effects and environmental persistence. Spent coffee grounds, abundant biowaste from coffee production, are chemically activated with KOH to enhance their adsorptive capacity without thermal treatment. This offers a sustainable solution for biowaste management and water remediation. Adsorption kinetics indicating rapid initial adsorption with high affinity were observed, particularly for chlorpyrifos. Isotherm studies confirmed favorable adsorption conditions, with higher maximum adsorption capacities for chlorpyrifos compared to malathion (15.0 ± 0.1 mg g-1 for malathion and 22.3 ± 0.1 mg g-1 for chlorpyrifos), highlighting its potential in mitigating water pollution. Thermodynamic analysis suggested the adsorption process was spontaneous but with the opposite behavior for the investigated pesticides. Malathion interacts with KACGs via dipole-dipole and dispersion forces, while chlorpyrifos through π-π stacking with aromatic groups. The reduction in neurotoxic risks associated with pesticide exposure is also shown, indicating that no more toxic products were formed during the remediation. This research contributes to sustainable development goals by repurposing biowaste and addressing water pollution challenges through innovative adsorbent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedran Milanković
- VINCA Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.M.); (T.T.)
| | - Tamara Tasić
- VINCA Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.M.); (T.T.)
| | - Igor A. Pašti
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Tamara Lazarević-Pašti
- VINCA Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.M.); (T.T.)
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Anagnostopoulou E, Tsouko E, Maina S, Myrtsi ED, Haroutounian S, Papanikolaou S, Koutinas A. Unlocking the potential of spent coffee grounds via a comprehensive biorefinery approach: production of microbial oil and carotenoids under fed-batch fermentation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:35483-35497. [PMID: 38727974 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33609-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The valorization of renewable feedstock to produce a plethora of value-added products could promote the transition towards a circular bioeconomy. This study presents the development of cascade processes to bioconvert spent coffee grounds (SCGs) into microbial oil and carotenoids employing sustainable practices. The stepwise recovery of crude phenolic extract and coffee oil was carried out using green or recyclable solvents, i.e., aqueous ethanol and hexane. Palmitic acid (43.3%) and linoleic acid (38.9%) were the major fatty acids in the oil fraction of SCGs. The LC-MS analysis of crude phenolic extracts revealed that chlorogenic acid dominated (45.7%), while neochlorogenic acid was also detected in substantial amounts (24.0%). SCGs free of coffee oil and phenolic compounds were subjected to microwave-assisted pretreatment under different irradiations and solvents to enhance subsequent enzymatic saccharification. Microwave/water pretreatment at 400 W, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis with proteases, hemicellulases, and cellulases, at 50 g/L initial SCGs, led to satisfying overall yields of cellulose (75.4%), hemicellulose (50.3%), and holocellulose (55.3%). Mannan was the most extractable polysaccharide followed by galactan and arabinan. SCGs hydrolysate was used in fed-batch bioreactor fermentations with Rhodosporidium toruloides to produce 24.0 g/L microbial oil and carotenoids of 432.9 μg/g biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Anagnostopoulou
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Erminta Tsouko
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece.
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave, 11635, Athens, Greece.
| | - Sofia Maina
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni D Myrtsi
- Department of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Serkos Haroutounian
- Department of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Seraphim Papanikolaou
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolos Koutinas
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece
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Nanni A, Colonna M, Liberati G, Bonoli A. A novel process for the complete recycling of exhausted coffee capsules with a fully circular approach: Design of the industrial plant and Techno-Economic analysis of the process. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 174:114-125. [PMID: 38041980 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to present the technical and feasibility analysis of an innovative mechanical recycling system for exhausted coffee capsules. This recycling process involved the sorting of spent coffee grounds (SGC) and the subsequent drying and melt-mixing of a portion of these grounds with the remaining capsule components, mainly composed of polypropylene (PP), along with optional virgin PP. These newly developed composite materials exhibited mechanical and rheological properties comparable or even surpassing those of virgin PP. They were also successfully utilized for the injection of new capsule shells, thus alignin with the principles of the circular economy. In addition to the technical aspects, this paper present a comprehensive Techno-Economic Analysis (TEA) of the proposed recycling processes, considering the inclusion of virgin PP (0-20 %) and the initial moisture content (MSGC) of SGC(5-55 %) as varying factors. An industrial plant, designed to handle up to 190 million exhausted coffee capsules and produce up to 1500 tons of recycled compund was appropriately sized. The analysis revealed that processes are profitable across all examined scenarios and that the Net Present Value ranged between 800 k€ (for vPP = 20 % and MSGC = 55 %) and 2000 k€ (for vPP = 0 % and MSGC = 5 %).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nanni
- SPORT TECHNOLOGY LAB - DICAM, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy; RE-SPORT srl, via G. Fanin 48, 40127 Bologna, Italy; AgroMateriae srl, Via Granarolo 177/3, 48018 Faenza RA, Italy.
| | - M Colonna
- SPORT TECHNOLOGY LAB - DICAM, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy; RE-SPORT srl, via G. Fanin 48, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - G Liberati
- Raw Materials Engineering and Circular Economy LAB - DICAM, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Bonoli
- Raw Materials Engineering and Circular Economy LAB - DICAM, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131, Bologna, Italy
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Zhang Y, Liu J, Bao Y, Liu P, Wei J, Li X, Wang Q, Ge Z. Application of coffee ground-based skeleton builder with FeCl 3 for conditions of pre-dewatered sludge toward further deep dewatering. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-29325-8. [PMID: 37608176 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29325-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Skeleton builders are essential for achieving deep sludge dewatering. In this study, a novel spent coffee ground (SCG)-based skeleton builder was developed to attain deep sludge dewatering by combined conditioning with FeCl3, and possible mechanisms were examined. Through different surface analysis techniques, it was demonstrated that at a pyrolysis temperature of 300 °C, the spent coffee ground biochar (SCGB-300) has an intact pore structure, a rigid carbon skeleton, and large oxygen-containing functional groups, making it the best skeleton builder for sludge dewatering. When combined with FeCl3 for conditioning, the structure of SCGB-300 remained intact under high pressure and played important role. The rich porous structure facilitated water drainage. During the sludge conditioning, small amount of positive charge on the surface of SCGB-300 further increased the zeta potential of sludge through charge neutralization. At the same time, the adsorption of SCGB-300 removed viscous hydrophilic substances and further improved the dewatering performance. At an optimum dosage of 6% (dry solid, DS) FeCl3 and 30% SCGB-300 (DS), the moisture content of sludge was reduced from 85.47% to 63.35%, and the dewatering rate was increased from 46.08% to 70.03%. Therefore, SCGB is a promising skeleton builder for sludge conditioning and deep dewatering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology|, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Jibao Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yunfan Bao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology|, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Pengyu Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology|, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Jinyi Wei
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Xueyi Li
- Beijing Capital Sludge Disposal Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Qiao Wang
- Beijing Capital Sludge Disposal Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Zheng Ge
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology|, Beijing, 100124, China.
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Khan MO, Klamerus-Iwan A, Kupka D, Słowik-Opoka E. Short-term impact of different doses of spent coffee grounds, salt, and sand on soil chemical and hydrological properties in an urban soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:86218-86231. [PMID: 37402914 PMCID: PMC10404173 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28386-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural and human activities have deteriorated urban soil's health and ecological functions as compared to forest soils. Therefore, we hypothesized that any intervention in poor quality soil in urban area will change their chemical and water retention properties. The experiment was conducted in Krakow (Poland) in completely randomized design (CRD). The soil amendments used in this experiment consisted of control, spent coffee grounds (SCGs), salt, and sand (1 and 2 t ha-1) in order to evaluate the impact of these soil amendments on the urban soil chemical and hydrological properties. Soil samples were collected after 3 months of soil application. The soil pH, soil acidity (me/100 g), electrical conductivity (mS/cm), total carbon (%), CO2 emission (g m-2 day-1), and total nitrogen (%) were measured in laboratory condition. The soil hydrological properties like volumetric water content (VWC), water drop penetration time (WDPT), current water storage capacity (Sa), water storage capacity after 4 and 24 h (S4 and S24), and capillary water Pk (mm) were also determined. We noted variations in soil chemical and water retention properties in urban soil after the application of SCGs, sand, and salt. It was observed that SCGs (2 t ha-1) has reduced soil pH and nitrogen (%) by 14 and 9%, while the incorporation of salt resulted in maximum soil EC, total acidity, and soil pH. The soil carbon (%) and CO2 emission (g m-2 day-1) were enhanced and declined by SCGs amendment. Furthermore, the soil hydrological properties were significantly influenced by the soil amendment (spent coffee grounds, salt, and sand) application. Our results showed that spent coffee grounds mixing in urban soil has considerably enhanced the soil VWC, Sa, S4, S24, and Pk, whereas it decreased the water drop penetration time. The analysis showed that the single dose of soil amendments had not improved soil chemical properties very well. Therefore, it is suggested that SCGs should be applied more than single dose. This is a good direction to look for ways to improve the retention properties of urban soil and you can consider combining SCGs with other organic materials like compost, farmyard manure, or biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Owais Khan
- Department of Ecological Engineering and Forest Hydrology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Klamerus-Iwan
- Department of Ecological Engineering and Forest Hydrology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dawid Kupka
- Department of Forest Ecology and Sylviculture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Słowik-Opoka
- Department of Ecological Engineering and Forest Hydrology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
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Liu Y, Lu Y, Quan Liu S. Untargeted LC-QTOF-MS/MS-based metabolomics of spent coffee grounds alcoholic beverages fermented with Lachancea thermotolerans and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. Food Res Int 2023; 167:112733. [PMID: 37087284 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Spent coffee grounds (SCG) is a solid waste generated from coffee brewing. We recently developed a novel SCG hydrolysate-derived alcoholic beverage fermented with Lachancea thermotolerans Concerto and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ML Prime. To further understand the potential health benefits of the fermented SCG hydrolysate alcoholic beverage, an untargeted metabolomics-based approach (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) was applied to detect and identify bioactive metabolites especially low molecular weight compounds. Our results showed that, compared to yeast monoculture-fermented SCG alcoholic beverages, yeast-lactic acid bacterial coculture enriched the beverage with a range of bioactive compounds especially aromatic and branched-chain amino acid derivatives (e.g., 4-hydroxyphenyl lactic acid, phenyl lactic acid, indole lactic acid, (S)-(-)-2-hydroxyisocaproic acid, and 4-hydroxyphenyl ethanol). Although some endogenous phenolic compounds were metabolized during fermentation, many phenolic metabolites (e.g., vinyl phenols, dihydrocaffeic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxycoumarin) were produced. Our study provided a theoretical basis for further valorization of SCG hydrolysates from the health benefits point of view and the findings may be extended to other fermented products.
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Biesek J, Banaszak M, Grabowicz M, Wlaźlak S. Chopped straw and coffee husks affect bedding chemical composition and the performance and foot pad condition of broiler chickens. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6600. [PMID: 37088790 PMCID: PMC10123054 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33859-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Bedding material is a crucial environmental factor for chickens. Coffee husks are waste from the industry that could be reused. The study aimed to analyze the chemical composition of various bedding types and assess their impact on the performance characteristics of broiler chickens and the incidence of footpad dermatitis (FPD). Ross 308 broilers were used in the study. Birds were divided into 3 groups (216 chickens, 72 per group). Group 1 was kept on chopped straw (S). Group 2 was kept on coffee husks (CHs), and the 3rd group (PB) was kept on pellet bedding made from S and CHs in a 1:1 ratio. The dry matter (DM), crude fiber (CF), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) content, and the pH of the bedding were analyzed. Production results were examined during 42 days of rearing. FPD was assessed on a point scale. The tissue composition of the carcasses and qualitative physicochemical characteristics of the meat (pH, color, water holding capacity, drip loss) and bone-breaking strength were analyzed. Straw had a higher CF content. In total, the highest N content in CHs was noticed. P content was lower in the S, and K was the highest in the CHs group, followed by S and PB. The pH of the bedding was lower in the CHs group, higher in PB, and highest in S bedding. The DM was decreasing within the days of rearing. A significant interaction was demonstrated between the type of bedding and rearing days on the bedding (manure) composition. On days 1-14, FCR deteriorated in the PB group compared to the S group. The presence of FPD was significantly lower in the PB group than in the others. In the PB group, chickens had a higher slaughter yield than in the S group and a lower weight and liver share than in the CHs group. The weight and proportion of abdominal fat were higher in the group kept on S than on CHs. It can be concluded that coffee husks as a component of pellets had a beneficial effect on reducing FPD in chickens and their slaughter yield and enriched bedding with nutrients, which with poultry manure, could be a good fertilizer for agricultural soils after rearing. It could be recommended to use pelleted bedding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Biesek
- Department of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, PBS Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, 85-084, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Mirosław Banaszak
- Department of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, PBS Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, 85-084, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Grabowicz
- Department of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, PBS Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, 85-084, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Sebastian Wlaźlak
- Department of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, PBS Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, 85-084, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Bevilacqua E, Cruzat V, Singh I, Rose’Meyer RB, Panchal SK, Brown L. The Potential of Spent Coffee Grounds in Functional Food Development. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040994. [PMID: 36839353 PMCID: PMC9963703 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Coffee is a popular and widely consumed beverage worldwide, with epidemiological studies showing reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, cancers and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, few studies have investigated the health effects of the post-brewing coffee product, spent coffee grounds (SCG), from either hot- or cold-brew coffee. SCG from hot-brew coffee improved metabolic parameters in rats with diet-induced metabolic syndrome and improved gut microbiome in these rats and in humans; further, SCG reduced energy consumption in humans. SCG contains similar bioactive compounds as the beverage including caffeine, chlorogenic acids, trigonelline, polyphenols and melanoidins, with established health benefits and safety for human consumption. Further, SCG utilisation could reduce the estimated 6-8 million tonnes of waste each year worldwide from production of coffee as a beverage. In this article, we explore SCG as a major by-product of coffee production and consumption, together with the potential economic impacts of health and non-health applications of SCG. The known bioactive compounds present in hot- and cold-brew coffee and SCG show potential effects in cardiovascular disease, cancer, liver disease and metabolic disorders. Based on these potential health benefits of SCG, it is expected that foods including SCG may moderate chronic human disease while reducing the environmental impact of waste otherwise dumped in landfill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elza Bevilacqua
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Vinicius Cruzat
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Gold Coast, QLD 4225, Australia
| | - Indu Singh
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Roselyn B. Rose’Meyer
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Sunil K. Panchal
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia
| | - Lindsay Brown
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-433-062-123
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Pagett M, Teng KS, Sullivan G, Zhang W. Reusing Waste Coffee Grounds as Electrode Materials: Recent Advances and Future Opportunities. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2023; 7:2200093. [PMID: 36618104 PMCID: PMC9818061 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202200093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Coffee industry produces more than eight million tons of waste coffee grounds (WCG) annually. These WCG contain caffeine, tannins, and polyphenols and can be of great environmental concern if not properly disposed of. On the other hand, components of WCG are mainly macromolecular cellulose and lignocellulose, which can be utilized as cheap carbon precursors. Accordingly, various forms of carbon materials have been reportedly synthesized from WCG, including activated carbon, mesoporous carbon, carbon nanosheets, carbon nanotubes, graphene sheet fibers (i.e., graphenated carbon nanotubes), and particle-like graphene. Upcycling of various biomass and/or waste into value-added functional materials is of growing significance to offer more sustainable solutions and enable circular economy. In this context, this review offers timely insight on the recent advances of WCG derived carbon as value-added electrode materials. As electrodes, they have shown to possess excellent electrochemical properties and found applications in capacitor/supercapacitor, batteries, electrochemical sensors, owing to their low cost, high electrical conductivity, polarization, and chemical stability. Collectively, these efforts could represent an environmentally friendly and circular economy approach, which could not only help solve the food waste issue, but also generate high performance carbon-based materials for many electrochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Pagett
- Department of Chemical EngineeringSwansea UniversitySwanseaSA1 8ENUK
| | - Kar Seng Teng
- Department of Electronic and Electrical EngineeringSwansea UniversitySwanseaSA1 8ENUK
| | | | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemical EngineeringSwansea UniversitySwanseaSA1 8ENUK
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Khaekratoke K, Laksanawimol P, Thancharoen A. Use of fermented spent coffee grounds as a substrate supplement for rearing black soldier fly larvae, Hermetia illucens (L), (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). PeerJ 2022; 10:e14340. [PMID: 36340198 PMCID: PMC9632463 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spent coffee grounds (SCG), an increasingly abundant waste product with environmental disposal problems, has been used as a dietary supplement for many animals and have the potential to be used as a dietary supplement for black soldier fly (BSF) larvae; however, its effective use is still under scrutiny. To date, no studies have considered the use of SCG after microbial fermentation (fSCG) and its effects on BSF life history. Methods A mixture of fruit and vegetable pulp residue supplemented with one of six different fSCG percentages (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% by weight) were provided as a diet substrate in order to evaluate the effect of the fSCG quantity on BSF growth, yield, and conversion ability. Results The addition of fSCG to the pulp diet prolonged larval development times, while 100% fSCG affected the larval survival rate and resulted in a male-biased adult sex ratio. The 20-40% fSCG and 40-60% fSCG treatments supported the largest prepupal and mature larval sizes, respectively. The highest waste reduction efficiency and feed conversion rate by BSF larvae was found with 20% fSCG, similar to the control (0% fSCG). Discussion From the short rearing time, high yield, and high bioconversion efficiency, a 20% fSCG supplementation of the mixed pulp was recommended for rearing BSF larvae. These data are valuable for coffee by-product waste management in urban areas.
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Bondam AF, Diolinda da Silveira D, Pozzada dos Santos J, Hoffmann JF. Phenolic compounds from coffee by-products: Extraction and application in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Jin Cho E, Gyo Lee Y, Song Y, Nguyen DT, Bae HJ. An integrated process for conversion of spent coffee grounds into value-added materials. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 346:126618. [PMID: 34954357 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Spent coffee grounds (SCG) are inexpensive materials with a complex composition that makes them promising feedstocks for a biorefinery.Here, conversion of SCG into a wide range of high value-added products (coffee oil, bio-ethanol, D-mannose, manno-oligosaccharide (MOS), cafestol and kahweol) using a novel integrated system was evaluated. The process involves oil extraction, MOS production by mannanase obtained from Penicillium purpurogenum, NaOH (Na) and hydrogen peroxide (HP) pretreatment for the degradation of lignin and phenolic compounds, diterpenes extraction, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation, which can be performed using environmentally friendly technologies. Approximately 97 mL of coffee oil, 164 g of D-mannose, 102 g of MOS, 99 g of bioethanol and a dash of cafestol/kahweol were produced from 1 kg of dry SCG. Producing high-value co-products from SCG using an integrated approach as demonstrated here may be an efficient strategy to reduce waste generation, while improving the economics of the biorefinery production process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jin Cho
- Bio-Energy Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Gyo Lee
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Younho Song
- Bio-Energy Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hyeun-Jong Bae
- Bio-Energy Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea; Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea.
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14
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de Bomfim ASC, de Oliveira DM, Voorwald HJC, Benini KCCDC, Dumont MJ, Rodrigue D. Valorization of Spent Coffee Grounds as Precursors for Biopolymers and Composite Production. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:437. [PMID: 35160428 PMCID: PMC8840223 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Spent coffee grounds (SCG) are a current subject in many works since coffee is the second most consumed beverage worldwide; however, coffee generates a high amount of waste (SCG) and can cause environmental problems if not discarded properly. Therefore, several studies on SCG valorization have been published, highlighting its waste as a valuable resource for different applications, such as biofuel, energy, biopolymer precursors, and composite production. This review provides an overview of the works using SCG as biopolymer precursors and for polymer composite production. SCG are rich in carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and minerals. In particular, carbohydrates (polysaccharides) can be extracted and fermented to synthesize lactic acid, succinic acid, or polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA). On the other hand, it is possible to extract the coffee oil and to synthesize PHA from lipids. Moreover, SCG have been successfully used as a filler for composite production using different polymer matrices. The results show the reasonable mechanical, thermal, and rheological properties of SCG to support their applications, from food packaging to the automotive industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Shayene Campos de Bomfim
- Fatigue and Aeronautical Materials Research Group, Department of Materials and Technology, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Guaratinguetá 12516-410, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.S.C.d.B.); (D.M.d.O.); (H.J.C.V.); (K.C.C.d.C.B.)
| | - Daniel Magalhães de Oliveira
- Fatigue and Aeronautical Materials Research Group, Department of Materials and Technology, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Guaratinguetá 12516-410, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.S.C.d.B.); (D.M.d.O.); (H.J.C.V.); (K.C.C.d.C.B.)
| | - Herman Jacobus Cornelis Voorwald
- Fatigue and Aeronautical Materials Research Group, Department of Materials and Technology, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Guaratinguetá 12516-410, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.S.C.d.B.); (D.M.d.O.); (H.J.C.V.); (K.C.C.d.C.B.)
| | - Kelly Cristina Coelho de Carvalho Benini
- Fatigue and Aeronautical Materials Research Group, Department of Materials and Technology, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Guaratinguetá 12516-410, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.S.C.d.B.); (D.M.d.O.); (H.J.C.V.); (K.C.C.d.C.B.)
| | - Marie-Josée Dumont
- Bioresource Engineering Department, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada;
| | - Denis Rodrigue
- Department of Chemical Engineering and CERMA, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V0A6, Canada
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15
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Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Spent Coffee Grounds Oil Using Response Surface Methodology. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9112085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spent coffee grounds (SCGs) generated in coffee processing for beverages and other products are a very significant organic residue that needs to be properly treated. Waste valorization via oil extraction has the potential to obtain compounds that can be used for producing biodiesel or other high-value products, such as polymers. This work focuses on the ultrasound-assisted extraction of SCG oil using n-hexane as a solvent. Three key process parameters are analyzed: temperature, extraction time, and liquid/solid (L/S) rate of solvent, using a central composite rotatable design (CCRD), an analysis that, to the author’s knowledge, is not yet available in the literature. The data were analyzed using the software StatSoft STATISTICA 13.1 (TIBCO Software Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA). Results show that all parameters have a statistical influence on the process performance (p < 0.05), being the L/S ratio the most significant, followed by extraction time and temperature. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the empirical model is a good fit to the experimental data at a 95% confidence level. For the range of conditions considered in this work, the optimal operating conditions for obtaining an oil extraction yield in the range of 12 to 13%wt are a solvent L/S ratio of around 16 mL g−1, for a temperature in the range of 50 to 60 °C, and the longest contact time, limited by the process economics and health and safety issues and also, by the n-hexane boiling temperature.
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16
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Baratsas SG, Pistikopoulos EN, Avraamidou S. A systems engineering framework for the optimization of food supply chains under circular economy considerations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 794:148726. [PMID: 34328124 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The current linear "take-make-waste-extractive" model leads to the depletion of natural resources and environmental degradation. Circular Economy (CE) aims to address these impacts by building supply chains that are restorative, regenerative, and environmentally benign. This can be achieved through the re-utilization of products and materials, the extensive usage of renewable energy sources, and ultimately by closing any open material loops. Such a transition towards environmental, economic and social advancements requires analytical tools for quantitative evaluation of the alternative pathways. Here, we present a novel CE system engineering framework and decision-making tool for the modeling and optimization of food supply chains. First, the alternative pathways for the production of the desired product and the valorization of wastes and by-products are identified. Then, a Resource-Task-Network representation that captures all these pathways is utilized, based on which a mixed-integer linear programming model is developed. This approach allows the holistic modeling and optimization of the entire food supply chain, taking into account any of its special characteristics, potential constraints as well as different objectives. Considering that typically CE introduces multiple, often conflicting objectives, we deploy here a multi-objective optimization strategy for trade-off analysis. A representative case study for the supply chain of coffee is discussed, illustrating the steps and the applicability of the framework. Single and multi-objective optimization formulations under five different coffee-product demand scenarios are presented. The production of instant coffee as the only final product is shown to be the least energy and environmental efficient scenario. On the contrary, the production solely of whole beans sets a hypothetical upper bound on the optimal energy and environmental utilization. In both problems presented, the amount of energy generated is significant due to the utilization of waste generated for the production of excess energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos G Baratsas
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, Jack E. Brown Chemical Engineering Building, 3122 TAMU, 100 Spence St., College Station, TX 77843, United States; Texas A&M Energy Institute, Texas A&M University, 1617 Research Pkwy, College Station, TX 77843, United States.
| | - Efstratios N Pistikopoulos
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, Jack E. Brown Chemical Engineering Building, 3122 TAMU, 100 Spence St., College Station, TX 77843, United States; Texas A&M Energy Institute, Texas A&M University, 1617 Research Pkwy, College Station, TX 77843, United States.
| | - Styliani Avraamidou
- Texas A&M Energy Institute, Texas A&M University, 1617 Research Pkwy, College Station, TX 77843, United States.
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17
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Selective recovery of platinum from spent autocatalyst solution by thiourea modified magnetic biocarbons. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19281. [PMID: 34588491 PMCID: PMC8481563 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98118-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The precious platinum group metals distributed in urban industrial products should be recycled because of their rapid decline in the contents through excessive mining. In this work, thiourea modified magnetic biocarbons are prepared via an energy-efficient microwave-assisted activation and assessed as potential adsorbents to recover platinum ions (i.e., Pt(IV)) from dilute waste solution. The physicochemical properties of prepared biocarbons are characterized by a series of spectroscopic and analytic instruments. The adsorption performance of biocarbons is carried out by using batch tests. Consequently, the maximum adsorption capacity of Pt(IV) observed for adsorbents is ca. 42.8 mg g-1 at pH = 2 and 328 K. Both adsorption kinetics and isotherm data of Pt(IV) on the adsorbents are fitted better with non-linear pseudo second-order model and Freundlich isotherm, respectively. Moreover, the thermodynamic parameters suggest that the Pt(IV) adsorption is endothermic and spontaneous. Most importantly, the adsorbents exhibit high selectivity toward Pt(IV) adsorption and preserve ca. 96.9% of adsorption capacity after six cyclic runs. After adsorption, the regeneration of the prepared adsorbents can be effectively attained by using 1 M thiourea/2% HCl mixed solution as an eluent. Combined the data from Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies, the mechanisms for Pt(IV) adsorption are governed by Pt-S bond between Pt(IV) and thiourea as well as the electrostatic attraction between anionic PtCl62- and cationic functional groups of adsorbents. The superior Pt(IV) recovery and sustainable features allow the thiourea modified magnetic biocarbon as a potential adsorbent to recycle noble metals from spent autocatalyst solution.
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18
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Novel Correlations between Spectroscopic and Morphological Properties of Activated Carbons from Waste Coffee Grounds. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9091637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Massive quantities of spent coffee grounds (SCGs) are generated by users around the world. Different processes have been proposed for SCG valorization, including pyrolytic processes to achieve carbonaceous materials. Here, we report the preparation of activated carbons through pyrolytic processes carried out under different experimental conditions and in the presence of various porosity activators. Textural and chemical characterization of the obtained carbons have been achieved through Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), ESEM, 13C solid state NMR, XPS, XRD, thermogravimetric and spectroscopic determinations. The aim of the paper is to relate these data to the preparation method, evaluating the correlation between the spectroscopic data and the physical and textural properties, also in comparison with the corresponding data obtained for three commercial activated carbons used in industrial adsorption processes. Some correlations have been observed between the Raman and XPS data.
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19
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Spent Coffee Grounds’ Valorization towards the Recovery of Caffeine and Chlorogenic Acid: A Response Surface Methodology Approach. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13168818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The amount of spent coffee grounds (SCGs) created, represents an environmental challenge worldwide. In this context, the aim of the present study was to exploit the potential of SCGs as a source of bioactive compounds that can be utilized in high value-added products. Thus, a cost-effective and environmentally friendly extraction technique was developed to ensure extracts with high total phenolic content and antioxidant activity, as well as significant amounts of caffeine and chlorogenic acid. Response surface methodology was implemented to evaluate the effects of the main extraction parameters (i.e., time, temperature, and ethanol-to-water ratio) and their interactions on the defined responses. The ethanol ratio was found to be the most significant variable. Then, a set of optimum values was determined (i.e., 7 min, 75 °C, and ethanol:water ratio 5:95), where the predicted values for responses were found to be 5.65% for the yield (Y1), 152.68 mg gallic acid equivalents per L for total phenolic content (Y2), 0.797 μmol Trolox equivalent per mL for the antioxidant activity (Y3), 30.5 ppm for caffeine concentration (Y4), and 17.4 ppm for chlorogenic acid concentration (Y5). Furthermore, the corresponding high experimental values from the validation experiment fitted well to these predictions, clearly clarifying the high potential of SCG extracts for use in high value-added applications.
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20
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Liu Y, Lu Y, Liu SQ. The potential of spent coffee grounds hydrolysates fermented with Torulaspora delbrueckii and Pichia kluyveri for developing an alcoholic beverage: The yeasts growth and chemical compounds modulation by yeast extracts. Curr Res Food Sci 2021; 4:489-498. [PMID: 34382007 PMCID: PMC8332367 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of yeast extracts (YE) addition (0 % and 0.25 %, w/v) on the no-volatile and volatile compounds of spent coffee grounds (SCG) hydrolysates fermented with single-cultures of two non-Saccharomyces wine yeasts, Torulaspora delbrueckii and Pichia kluyveri. The added YE improved the growth of both T. delbrueckii and P. kluyveri, especially P. kluyveri, resulting in higher ethanol production (1.98 % vs 1.47 %, v/v) by the latter yeast. In addition, the added YE did not impact on most of the alkaloids production regardless of yeast type, while significantly decreasing the contents of chlorogenic, and caffeic acids in SCG hydrolysates fermented with P. kluyveri. Furthermore, more odor-active compounds such as acetate esters and 2-phenylethyl alcohol were produced when YE was added, and P. kluyveri generated significantly higher amounts of esters compared to that of T. delbrueckii. Moreover, YE addition showed a more noticeable effect on the fermentation performance of P. kluyveri relative to that of T. delbrueckii. These findings indicated the potential of SCG hydrolysates fermented with evaluated non-Saccharomyces yeasts and may expand the applications on utilizing SCG to develop new value-added alcoholic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjiao Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Science Drive 2, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117542, Singapore
| | - Yuyun Lu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Science Drive 2, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117542, Singapore
| | - Shao Quan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Science Drive 2, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117542, Singapore.,National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Lin Quan Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Jiangsu, 215123, China
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21
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Biotransformation of spent coffee grounds by fermentation with monocultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lachancea thermotolerans aided by yeast extracts. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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A Conceptual Framework for Incorporation of Composting in Closed-Loop Urban Controlled Environment Agriculture. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13052471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Controlled environment agriculture (CEA), specifically advanced greenhouses, plant factories, and vertical farms, has a significant role to play in the urban agri-food landscape through provision of fresh and nutritious food for urban populations. With the push towards improving sustainability of these systems, a circular or closed-loop approach for managing resources is desirable. These crop production systems generate biowaste in the form of crop and growing substrate residues, the disposal of which not only impacts the immediate environment, but also represents a loss of valuable resources. Closing the resource loop through composting of crop residues and urban biowaste is presented. Composting allows for the recovery of carbon dioxide and plant nutrients that can be reused as inputs for crop production, while also providing a mechanism for managing and valorizing biowastes. A conceptual framework for integrating carbon dioxide and nutrient recovery through composting in a CEA system is described along with potential environmental benefits over conventional inputs. Challenges involved in the recovery and reuse of each component, as well as possible solutions, are discussed. Supplementary technologies such as biofiltration, bioponics, ozonation, and electrochemical oxidation are presented as means to overcome some operational challenges. Gaps in research are identified and future research directions are proposed.
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Rochín-Medina JJ, López-Moreno HS, Ramirez K. Effect of Bacillus clausii-fermented spent coffee ground extract on Salmonella-infected macrophages. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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24
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Tun MM, Raclavská H, Juchelková D, Růžičková J, Šafář M, Štrbová K, Gikas P. Spent coffee ground as renewable energy source: Evaluation of the drying processes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 275:111204. [PMID: 32854049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Spent coffee ground (SCG) is an environmental nuisance material, but, if appropriately processed it can be converted into pellets, and thus, used as an energy source. The moisture content of the final product should be below 10%, to ensure safe storage, and elimination of microorganism growth (particularly moulds). The present study aims to identify the optimal drying process for removing moisture from SCG and to investigate changes to the composition of SCG due to drying, at temperatures around 75 °C, so that the dried SCG to qualify as renewable energy source. Three drying processes were employed for SCG drying (with initial moisture content of about 65%): oven drying, solar drying and open air sun drying, while SCG samples were placed in aluminium trays with thicknesses of 1.25, 2.5 and 4 cm. Based on the experimental results for SCG samples with thickness 2.5 cm, the open air sun drying process required 10 h to reach final moisture content of 37%, while solar drying achieved 10% moisture content in 10 h and oven drying achieved 7% moisture content in 6 h. The solar drying process proved as the most advantageous, due to low energy requirements and adequate quality of dried SCG. Also, experiments indicated that SCG storage at "normal room conditions" resulted to equilibrium moisture content in SCG of 8%, regardless of the initial moisture content. Furthermore, instrumental analyses of the SCG, revealed changes to its composition for a number of chemical groups, such as aldehydes, ketones, phytosterols, alkaloids, lactones, alcohols, phenols, pyrans and furans, among others. It was also identified that the SCG colour was affected due to the drying process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maw Maw Tun
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava-Poruba, 70800, Czech Republic.
| | - Helena Raclavská
- ENET Centre - Energy Units for Utilization of Non-traditional Energy Sources, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava-Poruba, 70800, Czech Republic.
| | - Dagmar Juchelková
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava-Poruba, 70800, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Růžičková
- ENET Centre - Energy Units for Utilization of Non-traditional Energy Sources, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava-Poruba, 70800, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Šafář
- ENET Centre - Energy Units for Utilization of Non-traditional Energy Sources, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava-Poruba, 70800, Czech Republic.
| | - Kristína Štrbová
- ENET Centre - Energy Units for Utilization of Non-traditional Energy Sources, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava-Poruba, 70800, Czech Republic.
| | - Petros Gikas
- School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Chania, 73100, Greece.
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Gemechu FG. Embracing nutritional qualities, biological activities and technological properties of coffee byproducts in functional food formulation. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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26
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Ricciardi P, Cillari G, Carnevale Miino M, Collivignarelli MC. Valorization of agro-industry residues in the building and environmental sector: A review. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2020; 38:487-513. [PMID: 32089127 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x20904426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution has become a relevant issue as the population rises and resources decrease. Reuse and recycling still have the greatest potential as they turn the waste into a new resource, representing the 'closed-loop' step of a circular economy (CE). Looking for new applications for agro-industry waste represents both an environmental issue, as its incorrect disposal is a cause of pollution, and a chance to exploit zero-cost natural wastes. The present review, with around 200 articles examined, focuses on possible reuses of these residues in (a) building construction, as additives to produce thermal and acoustic insulation panels, and (b) in water treatments, exploited for removal of pollutants. The selected materials (coconut, coffee, corn, cotton and rice) have industry production wastes with suitable applications in both sectors and huge worldwide availability; their reuse may thus represent a new resource, with an impact based on the production rate and the possible replacement of current inorganic materials. Along with possible implementation of the selected materials in the building industry and environmental engineering, a brief description of the production and supply chain are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Ricciardi
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Giacomo Cillari
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Italy
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27
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Bhandarkar NS, Mouatt P, Goncalves P, Thomas T, Brown L, Panchal SK. Modulation of gut microbiota by spent coffee grounds attenuates diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rats. FASEB J 2020; 34:4783-4797. [PMID: 32039529 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902416rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Coffee brewing produces spent coffee grounds as waste; few studies have investigated the health benefits of these grounds. This study investigated responses to spent coffee grounds in a diet-induced rat model of metabolic syndrome. Male Wistar rats aged 8-9 weeks were fed either corn starch-rich diet or high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet for 16 weeks, which were supplemented with 5% spent coffee grounds during the last 8 weeks. Rats fed non-supplemented diets were used as controls. High-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-fed rats developed metabolic syndrome including abdominal obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular and liver damage. Body weight, abdominal fat, total body fat mass, systolic blood pressure, and concentrations of plasma triglycerides and non-esterified fatty acids were reduced by spent coffee grounds along with improved glucose tolerance and structure and function of heart and liver. Spent coffee grounds increased the diversity of the gut microbiota and decreased the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes. Changes in gut microbiota correlated with the reduction in obesity and improvement in glucose tolerance and systolic blood pressure. These findings indicate that intervention with spent coffee grounds may be useful for managing obesity and metabolic syndrome by altering the gut microbiota, thus increasing the value of this food waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil S Bhandarkar
- Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia.,School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter Mouatt
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Priscila Goncalves
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation & School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Torsten Thomas
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation & School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lindsay Brown
- Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia.,School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Sunil K Panchal
- Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
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28
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Carruthers-Taylor T, Banerjee J, Little K, Wong YF, Jackson WR, Patti AF. Chemical Nature of Spent Coffee Grounds and Husks. Aust J Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/ch20189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Waste coffee husks and spent coffee grounds (SCGs) are produced in large qualities worldwide. Characterisation of these waste streams from Australian commercial outlets in terms of lipid, caffeine, and polyphenol content was undertaken giving values up to 10% lipids and 23mg g−1 phenols from SCGs, consistent with reports from other parts of the world. Husks generally gave lower values. Caffeine residues of 5 and 10mg g−1 (dry weight basis) were found in husks and SCGs respectively. Comparing air-dried and water-extracted solid SCGs and the resulting water extract in plant phytotoxicity studies indicated that pretreatment of the SCGs and plants exposed to the SCGs, are important factors when considering their use as a soil amendment.
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Chojnacka K, Moustakas K, Witek-Krowiak A. Bio-based fertilizers: A practical approach towards circular economy. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 295:122223. [PMID: 31623921 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Although for the past 100 years, fertilizer technologies have increasingly used renewable resources, the majority of manufactured products are still based on mineral deposits and fossil fuels. The European Commission has set a goal of 30% reduction of non-renewable resources in fertilizer production. This can only be accomplished if there are incentives for wastes valorization and fines for making use of non-renewable raw materials. This will enable the reduction of eutrophication of surface waters due to the presence of nitrogen and phosphorus, originating from agricultural fields fertilizers. The use of biological waste is a practical solution to recover valuable fertilizer components. In order to effectively implement technologies based on biological resources, it is necessary to construct small wastes solubilization or fertilizer installations at the site of waste generation, which will solve the problem of waste transport or sanitary hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Chojnacka
- Department of Advanced Material Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw 50-373, Poland.
| | - Konstantinos Moustakas
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str., Zographou Campus, GR-15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Witek-Krowiak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw 50-373, Poland
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Vakalis S, Moustakas K, Benedetti V, Cordioli E, Patuzzi F, Loizidou M, Baratieri M. The "COFFEE BIN" concept: centralized collection and torrefaction of spent coffee grounds. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:35473-35481. [PMID: 31065982 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04919-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Spent coffee grounds are the moist solid residues of coffee brewing and in most cases, the disposal is done without any intermediate valorization actions for materials and energy recovery. State-of-the-art applications include extraction of the liquids and application of high-temperature pyrolysis. Both strategies have significant potential but have also some disadvantages (extensive pre-treatment, high costs) when applied on a large scale. This study highlights the lack of mild pyrolysis valorization strategies and presents the idea of the "COFFEE BIN." Separated spent coffee grounds are collected, dried, and thermally treated. The optimal pyrolysis conditions were identified and product characteristics and the mass balances were assessed. Elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, physisorption analysis and higher heating value (HHV) determination was performed for the characterization of the carbonaceous products. The torrefied coffee grounds returned solid yields from 78 to 83%, which are significantly higher than in other cases of conventional biomass and heating values of 24-25 MJ/kg. Higher temperature pyrolysis did not sustain the advantage of increased returned mass yields and the adsorbance potential of all the carbonaceous products was lower than 25 cm3/g. The study highlighted that spent coffee grounds-due to the nature of their production process via roasting-can be suitable for torrefaction because of the high recovered solid yield and the high energy density. The results will be used for the development of a collection scheme for spent coffee grounds in a big municipality of Athens (Greece).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stergios Vakalis
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Physics Group/Bioenergy and Biofuels Laboratory, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, IT-39100, Bolzano, Italy.
- School of Chemical Engineering, Unit of Environmental Science and Technology, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str, GR-15780, Athens, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos Moustakas
- School of Chemical Engineering, Unit of Environmental Science and Technology, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str, GR-15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Vittoria Benedetti
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Physics Group/Bioenergy and Biofuels Laboratory, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, IT-39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cordioli
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Physics Group/Bioenergy and Biofuels Laboratory, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, IT-39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Francesco Patuzzi
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Physics Group/Bioenergy and Biofuels Laboratory, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, IT-39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Maria Loizidou
- School of Chemical Engineering, Unit of Environmental Science and Technology, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str, GR-15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Marco Baratieri
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Physics Group/Bioenergy and Biofuels Laboratory, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, IT-39100, Bolzano, Italy
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Massaya J, Prates Pereira A, Mills-Lamptey B, Benjamin J, Chuck CJ. Conceptualization of a spent coffee grounds biorefinery: A review of existing valorisation approaches. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2019.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Chang CC, Li R. Agricultural waste. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2019; 91:1150-1167. [PMID: 31433884 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The management of agricultural waste has become very important because the inappropriate disposal yields negative effects on the environment. The resource recovery from agricultural waste which converts waste into available resources can reduce the waste and new resource consumption. This review summarizes the 2018 researches of over three hundred scholar papers from several aspects: agricultural waste, and, waste chemical characterization, agricultural waste material, adsorption, waste energy, composting, waste biogas, agricultural waste management, and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chein-Chi Chang
- College of Energy and Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Engineering and Technical Services, DC Water and Sewer Authority, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rundong Li
- College of Energy and Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, China
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El-Wakil NA, Hassan EA, Hassan ML, Abd El-Salam SS. Bacterial cellulose/phytochemical's extracts biocomposites for potential active wound dressings. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:26529-26541. [PMID: 31292868 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05776-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes the impregnation of coffee extract (CE) into bacterial cellulose synthesized from kombucha tea fungus (KBC) of different cellulose content, incubated for different incubation periods (2, 4, and 10 days), to prepare biocomposites having the potential for wound healing applications. Total polyphenols in hydroalcoholic extracts from ground roasted coffee and its release from the prepared biocomposites were determined as gallic acid equivalent. The polyphenols content was found to be 13.66 mg/g and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the CE was determined using colony-forming unit (CFU) method against Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus where the growth inhibition was 86 and 97% respectively. Biocomposites (KBC/CE) with the lowest cellulose and CE content showed the highest wet tensile stress (3.35 MPa), absorption of pseudo extracellular fluid (154.32% ± 4.84), and water vapor transmission rate (3184.94 ± 198.07 g/m2/day), whereas it showed the lowest polyphenols' release (51.85% ± 2.94)when immersed in PBS buffer of pH 7.4. The impregnation of CE into KBC provided biocomposites that can enlarge the range of BC in the biomedical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla A El-Wakil
- Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouthst., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Enas A Hassan
- Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouthst., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Mohammad L Hassan
- Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouthst., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
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