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Zhao H, Meng P, Gao S, Wang Y, Sun P, Wu Z. Recent advances in simultaneous removal of NOx and VOCs over bifunctional catalysts via SCR and oxidation reaction. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167553. [PMID: 37802335 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
NOx and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are two major pollutants commonly found in industrial flue gas emissions. They play a significant role as precursors in the formation of ozone and fine particulate matter (PM2.5). The simultaneous removal of NOx and VOCs is crucial in addressing ozone and PM2.5 pollution. In terms of investment costs and space requirements, the development of bifunctional catalysts for the simultaneous selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx and catalytic oxidation of VOCs emerges as a viable technology that has garnered considerable attention. This review provides a summary of recent advances in catalysts for the simultaneous removal of NOx and VOCs. It discusses the reaction mechanisms and interactions involved in NH3-SCR and VOCs catalytic oxidation, the effects of catalyst acidity and redox properties. The insufficiency of bifunctional catalysts was pointed out, including issues related to catalytic activity, product selectivity, catalyst deactivation, and environmental concerns. Subsequently, potential solutions are presented to enhance catalyst performance, such as optimizing the redox properties and acidity, enhancing resistance to poisoning, substituting environment friendly metals and introducing hydrocarbon selective catalytic reduction (HC-SCR) reaction. Finally, some suggestions are given for future research directions in catalyst development are prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyuan Zhao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Tianlan Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311202, China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Industrial Boiler & Furnace Flue Gas Pollution Control, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Pu Meng
- Zhejiang Tianlan Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311202, China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Industrial Boiler & Furnace Flue Gas Pollution Control, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Zhejiang Tianlan Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311202, China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Industrial Boiler & Furnace Flue Gas Pollution Control, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yuejun Wang
- Zhejiang Tianlan Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311202, China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Industrial Boiler & Furnace Flue Gas Pollution Control, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Pengfei Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhongbiao Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Industrial Boiler & Furnace Flue Gas Pollution Control, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Kim SJ, Lee HY, Lee SJ, Choi SD. Passive air sampling of VOCs, O 3, NO 2, and SO 2 in the large industrial city of Ulsan, South Korea: spatial-temporal variations, source identification, and ozone formation potential. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:125478-125491. [PMID: 37999843 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31109-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Concerns about volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have increased due to their toxicity and secondary reaction with nitrogen oxides (NOX) to form ozone (O3). In this study, passive air sampling of VOCs, O3, NO2, and SO2 was conducted in summer, fall, winter, and spring from 2019 to 2020 at six industrial and ten urban sites in Ulsan, the largest industrial city in South Korea. Over the entire sampling period, the concentration of toluene (mean: 8.75 μg/m3) was the highest of the 50 target VOCs, followed by m,p-xylenes (4.52 μg/m3), ethylbenzene (4.48 μg/m3), 3-methylpentane (4.40 μg/m3), and n-octane (4.26 μg/m3). Total (Σ50) VOC levels did not statistically differ between seasons, indicating that large amounts of VOCs are emitted into the atmosphere throughout the year. On the other hand, O3, NO2, and SO2 exhibited strong seasonal variation depending on the meteorological conditions and emission sources. The spatial distribution of Σ50 VOCs, NO2, and SO2 indicated that industrial complexes were major sources in Ulsan, while O3 had the opposite spatial distribution. Using a positive matrix factorization model, five major sources were identified, with industrial effects dominant. Aromatic compounds, such as m,p,o-xylenes, toluene, and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, significantly contributed to O3 formation. The VOC/NO2 ratio and O3 concentrations suggested that reducing VOC emissions is more effective than reducing NO2 emissions in terms of preventing the secondary formation of O3. The findings of this study allow for a better understanding of the relationship between VOCs, O3, NO2, and SO2 in industrial cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Joon Kim
- Department of Civil, Urban, Earth, and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- Department of Civil, Urban, Earth, and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Lee
- Department of Civil, Urban, Earth, and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Deuk Choi
- Department of Civil, Urban, Earth, and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
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Ren H, Dong W, Zhang Q, Cheng J. Identification of priority pollutants at an integrated iron and steel facility based on environmental and health impacts in the Yangtze River Delta region, China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 264:115464. [PMID: 37708690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Emissions from the iron and steel industry are a major source of air pollution. To investigate the composition characteristics, estimate the secondary transformation potential, and assess the ecological risk and human health risks of air pollutants from iron and steel industry, field measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and trace metals (TMs) were conducted simultaneously from 2020 to 2022 in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region, China. The average mixing concentration of VOCs (Σ64VOCs) was 58.2 ppbv. Alkanes, alkenes and aromatics were the major components. Benzene and ethylene were the most abundant VOC species. In the O3 season, the calculated OH loss rates (LOH) and ozone formation potential (OFP) were 10.87 S-1 and 181.74 ppbv, respectively, which increased 39.54% and 21.51% compared to the non-O3 season. Furthermore, the O3-VOCs-NOx sensitivity indicated that O3 formation was under the VOCs-limited regime. The average concentration of total 10 trace metals (Σ10TMs) was 226.8 ng m-3, Zn, Pb and Mn were the top abundant TM species. The results also found that Se was extremely contaminated; Pb and Zn was heavily to extremely contaminated; Cu, As and Ni were moderately to heavily contaminated. For lifetime cancer risk, the cumulative carcinogenic risks were 1.84E-5 for children, 6.14E-5 for adults and 1.83E-5 for workers. The carcinogenic risks of individual chemicals cannot be ignored, especially for Cr, Ni, benzene and 1,3-butadiene. The hazard index values for workers and residents were 0.53 and 2.23, respectively, suggesting a high non-carcinogenic risks to the exposed population. These findings deepen the understanding of the pollutant character of the iron and steel industry, and provide theoretical support for policy development on O3 pollution treatment and human health in the YRD region, China. For the study area, we recommend utilizing high-quality raw coal, reducing the volatile hydrocarbon content in the sinter feed, and installing absorption device for highly reactive VOC components at the exhaust outlet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huarui Ren
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Shanghai Jinyi Inspection Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201900, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Shanghai Jinyi Inspection Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201900, China
| | - Jinping Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Ye Q, Chen Y, Li Y, Jin R, Geng Q, Chen S. Management of typical VOCs in air with adsorbents: status and challenges. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:12169-12184. [PMID: 37615188 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01930f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The serious harm of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to the ecological environment and human health has attracted widespread attention worldwide. With economic growth and accelerated industrialization, the anthropogenic emissions of VOCs have continued to increase. The most crucial aspect is to choose the appropriate adsorbent, which is very important for the VOCs removal. The search for environmentally friendly VOCs treatment technologies is urgent. The adsorption method is one of the most promising VOCs emission reduction technologies with the advantages of high cost-effectiveness, simple operation, and low energy consumption. One of the most critical aspects is the selection of the appropriate adsorbent, which is very important for the removal of VOCs. This work provides an overview of the sources and hazards of VOCs, focusing on recent research advances in VOCs adsorption materials and the key factors controlling the VOCs adsorption process. A summary of the key challenges and opportunities for each adsorbent is also provided. The adsorption capacity for VOCs is enhanced by an abundant specific surface area; the most efficient adsorption process is achieved when the pore size is slightly larger than the molecular diameter of VOCs; the increase in the number of chemical functional groups contributes to the increase in adsorption capacity. In addition, methods of activation and surface modification to improve the adsorption capacity for VOCs are discussed to guide the design of more advanced adsorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Ye
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313000, China.
- Suzhou Industrial Technology Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Yaoyao Chen
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313000, China.
| | - Yizhao Li
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313000, China.
| | - Ruiben Jin
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313000, China.
| | - Qin Geng
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313000, China.
| | - Si Chen
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313000, China.
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300074, China
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5
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Cai C, Li J, He Y, Jia J. Target the neglected VOCs emission from iron and steel industry in China for air quality improvement. FRONTIERS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2023; 17:95. [PMID: 36844109 PMCID: PMC9939865 DOI: 10.1007/s11783-023-1695-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed significant improvement in China's air quality. Strict environmental protection measures have led to significant decreases in sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NO x ), and particulate matter (PM) emissions since 2013. But there is no denying that the air quality in 135 cities is inferior to reaching the Ambient Air Quality Standards (GB 3095-2012) in 2020. In terms of temporal, geographic, and historical aspects, we have analyzed the potential connections between China's air quality and the iron and steel industry. The non-target volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions from iron and steel industry, especially from the iron ore sinter process, may be an underappreciated index imposing a negative effect on the surrounding areas of China. Therefore, we appeal the authorities to pay more attention on VOCs emission from the iron and steel industry and establish new environmental standards. And different iron steel flue gas pollutants will be eliminated concurrently with the promotion and application of new technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Cai
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Juexiu Li
- School of Energy & Environment, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007 China
| | - Yi He
- John Jay College and the Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10019 USA
| | - Jinping Jia
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
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Duan C, Liao H, Wang K, Ren Y. The research hotspots and trends of volatile organic compound emissions from anthropogenic and natural sources: A systematic quantitative review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114386. [PMID: 36162470 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions have attracted wide attention due to their impacts on atmospheric quality and public health. However, most studies reviewed certain aspects of natural VOCs (NVOCs) or anthropogenic VOCs (AVOCs) rather than comprehensively quantifying the hotspots and evolution trends of AVOCs and NVOCs. We combined the bibliometric method with the evolution tree and Markov chain to identify research focus and uncover the trends in VOC emission sources. This study found that research mainly focused on VOC emission characteristics, effects on air quality and health, and VOC emissions under climate change. More studies concerned on AVOCs than on NVOCs, and AVOC emissions have shifted with a decreasing proportion of transport emissions and an increasing share of solvent utilization in countries with high emissions and publications (China and the USA). Research on AVOCs is imperative to develop efficient and economical abatement techniques specific to solvent sources or BTEX species to mitigate the detrimental effects. Research on NVOCs originating from human sources risen due to their application in medicine, while studies on sources sensitive to climate change grew slowly, including plants, biomass burning, microbes, soil and oceans. Research on the long-term responses of NVOCs derived from various sources to climate warming is warranted to explore the evolution of emissions and the feedback on global climate. It is worthwhile to establish an emission inventory with all kinds of sources, accurate estimation, high spatial and temporal resolution to capture the emission trends in the synergy of industrialization and climate change as well as to simulate the effects on air quality. We review VOC emissions from both anthropogenic and natural sources under climate change and their effects on atmospheric quality and health to point out the research directions for the comprehensive control of global VOCs and mitigation of O3 pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chensong Duan
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Hu Liao
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Kaide Wang
- Yunnan Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Kunming, 650034, China
| | - Yin Ren
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station-NUEORS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315800, China.
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7
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Kim SJ, Lee SJ, Lee HY, Son JM, Lim HB, Kim HW, Shin HJ, Lee JY, Choi SD. Characteristics of volatile organic compounds in the metropolitan city of Seoul, South Korea: Diurnal variation, source identification, secondary formation of organic aerosol, and health risk. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156344. [PMID: 35654203 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Seoul, the capital of South Korea, have attracted increased attention owing to their emission, secondary formation, and human health risk. In this study, we collected 24 hourly samples once a month at an urban site in Seoul for a year (a total of 288 samples) using a sequential tube sampler. Analysis results revealed that toluene (9.08 ± 8.99 μg/m3) exhibited the highest annual mean concentration, followed by ethyl acetate (5.55 ± 9.09 μg/m3), m,p-xylenes (2.79 ± 4.57 μg/m3), benzene (2.37 ± 1.55 μg/m3), ethylbenzene (1.81 ± 2.27 μg/m3), and o-xylene (0.91 ± 1.47 μg/m3), indicating that these compounds accounted for 77.8-85.6% of the seasonal mean concentrations of the total (Σ59) VOCs. The concentrations of the Σ59 VOCs were statistically higher in spring and winter than in summer and fall because of meteorological conditions, and the concentrations of individual VOCs were higher during the daytime than nighttime owing to higher human activities during the daytime. The conditional bivariate probability function and concentration weighted trajectory analysis results suggested that domestic effects (e.g., vehicular exhaust and solvents) exhibited a dominant effect on the presence of VOCs in Seoul, as well as long-range atmospheric transport of VOCs. Further, the most important secondary organic aerosol formation potential (SOAFP) compounds included benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and m,p,o-xylenes, and the total SOAFP of nine VOCs accounted for 5-29% of the seasonal mean PM2.5 concentrations. The cancer and non-cancer risks of the selected VOCs were below the tolerable (1 × 10-4) and acceptable (Hazard quotient: HQ < 1) levels, respectively. Overall, this study highlighted the feasibility of the sequential sampling of VOCs and hybrid receptor modeling to further understand the source-receptor relationship of VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Joon Kim
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Lee
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Min Son
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Bae Lim
- Air Quality Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Woong Kim
- Air Quality Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jung Shin
- Air Quality Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yi Lee
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Deuk Choi
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
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Wang F, Zhang Z, Wang G, Wang Z, Li M, Liang W, Gao J, Wang W, Chen D, Feng Y, Shi G. Machine learning and theoretical analysis release the non-linear relationship among ozone, secondary organic aerosol and volatile organic compounds. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 114:75-84. [PMID: 35459516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) pollutions are prevalent air quality issues in China. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have significant impact on the formation of O3 and secondary organic aerosols (SOA) contributing PM2.5. Herein, we investigated 54 VOCs, O3 and SOA in Tianjin from June 2017 to May 2019 to explore the non-linear relationship among O3, SOA and VOCs. The monthly patterns of VOCs and SOA concentrations were characterized by peak values during October to March and reached a minimum from April to September, but the observed O3 was exactly the opposite. Machine learning methods resolved the importance of individual VOCs on O3 and SOA that alkenes (mainly ethylene, propylene, and isoprene) have the highest importance to O3 formation; alkanes (Cn, n ≥ 6) and aromatics were the main source of SOA formation. Machine learning methods revealed and emphasized the importance of photochemical consumptions of VOCs to O3 and SOA formation. Ozone formation potential (OFP) and secondary organic aerosol formation potential (SOAFP) calculated by consumed VOCs quantitatively indicated that more than 80% of the consumed VOCs were alkenes which dominated the O3 formation, and the importance of consumed aromatics and alkenes to SOAFP were 40.84% and 56.65%, respectively. Therein, isoprene contributed the most to OFP at 41.45% regardless of the season, while aromatics (58.27%) contributed the most to SOAFP in winter. Collectively, our findings can provide scientific evidence on policymaking for VOCs controls on seasonal scales to achieve effective reduction in both SOA and O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research (CLAER), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhongcheng Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research (CLAER), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Gen Wang
- State Key Laboratory on Odor Pollution Control, Tianjin Academy of Environmental Sciences, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research (CLAER), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Mei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution Jinan University, Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Weiqing Liang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research (CLAER), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research (CLAER), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Trusted AI System Laboratory, College of Computer Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Da Chen
- Key Laboratory of Civil Aviation Thermal Hazards Prevention and Emergency Response, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China
| | - Yinchang Feng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research (CLAER), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Guoliang Shi
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research (CLAER), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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9
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Wang L. Role of FDI and energy intensity in mitigating the environmental pollution in the Chinese steel industry: does technological innovation makes a difference? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:28127-28138. [PMID: 34988811 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18219-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To accomplish China's sustainable growth, it is critical to identify the primary factors affecting environmental quality in the steel industry. In this positioning, foreign direct investment (FDI), energy intensity, and technological innovation have emerged as strong pillars of the steel industry. However, there are growing concerns of carbon emission from this industry which is still debatable. In this context, this study measures the effect of FDI, energy intensity, and technology innovation on environmental quality in the steel industry from 28 provinces of China. The study uses the provincial data for China over the period 2000-2018. In addition to examining unit root properties and cointegration, this study employed Augmented Mean Group regression for estimating long-run relationships among study variables. The findings reveal the negative effect of FDI and technology innovation on environmental quality. These findings indicate that FDI and technology innovation have shaped the energy intensity in the steel industry. The positive coefficient value of energy intensity shows that innovations for environmental conservation and energy usage are minimal and did not perform an integral part in lowering carbon emissions. These findings are important in formulating successful emission reduction policies after controlling the effects of urbanization and economic growth for the Chinese steel sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- University of Management and Technology, 1901 Fort Myer Drive, Suite 700, Arlington, VA, 22209-1609, USA.
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10
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Ren YS, Apergis N, Ma C, Baltas K, Jiang Y, Liu JL. FDI, economic growth, and carbon emissions of the Chinese steel industry: new evidence from a 3SLS model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:52547-52564. [PMID: 34018105 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14445-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Determine the main factors affecting carbon emissions of the Chinese steel industry is indispensable commitments to achieve the sustainable development of China. Hereby, based on the Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence and Technology (STIPRAT) model, this paper combines the economic growth function, carbon emission production function, and the FDI function of the Chinese steel industry, and uses the three-stage least square equation model (3SLS) to analyze the relationship between China's economic growth, carbon emissions in the steel industry, and FDI (foreign direct investment) inflows. The results document a complete two-way causal relationship of three variables in the whole country and the Western region, while the relationship in the Eastern region and the Central region is not complete. Moreover, there are no bidirectional causal relationship between carbon emissions and FDI in the Eastern region, while only bidirectional causality between carbon emissions and FDI in the Central region. These findings are of great significance for the Chinese steel industry to formulate effective emission reduction policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shuai Ren
- School of Public Administration, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Research Institute of Digital Society and Blockchain, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Centre for Resource and Environmental Management, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- China Institute for Urban-rural Development and Community Governance, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- The Energy Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | | | - Chaoqun Ma
- Research Institute of Digital Society and Blockchain, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Centre for Resource and Environmental Management, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Business School, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Konstantinos Baltas
- Finance Group, Essex Business School, The University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Yong Jiang
- School of Finance, Nanjing Audit University, Nanjing, 211815, China.
| | - Jiang-Long Liu
- Research Institute of Digital Society and Blockchain, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
- School of Economics and Management, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710126, China.
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11
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Oriented growth of δ-MnO2 nanosheets over core-shell Mn2O3@δ-MnO2 catalysts: An interface-engineered effects for enhanced low-temperature methanol oxidation. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Liu F, Cai M, Liu X, Zhu T, Zou Y. O 3 oxidation combined with semi-dry method for simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification of sintering/pelletizing flue gas. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 104:253-263. [PMID: 33985728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the vigorous development of China's iron and steel industry and the introduction of ultra-low emission policies, the emission of pollutants such as SO2 and NOx has received unprecedented attention. Considering the increase of the proportion of semi-dry desulfurization technology in the desulfurization process, several semi-dry desulphurization technologies such as flue gas circulating fluidized bed (CFB), dense flow absorber (DFA) and spray drying absorption (SDA) are briefly summarized. Moreover, a method for simultaneous treatment of SO2 and NOx in sintering/pelletizing flue gas by O3 oxidation combined with semi-dry method is introduced. Meantime, the effects of key parameters such as O3/NO molar ratio, CaSO3, SO2, reaction temperature, Ca/(S+2N) molar ratio, droplet size and approach to adiabatic saturation temperature (AAST) on denitrification and desulfurization are analyzed. Furthermore, the reaction mechanism of denitrification and desulfurization is further elucidated. Finally, the advantages and development prospects of the new technology are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fagao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Maoyu Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Tingyu Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Yang Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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13
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Jia H, Gao S, Duan Y, Fu Q, Che X, Xu H, Wang Z, Cheng J. Investigation of health risk assessment and odor pollution of volatile organic compounds from industrial activities in the Yangtze River Delta region, China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111474. [PMID: 33129119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To investigate composition characteristics and assess occupational health risks and odor pollution of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from industrial activities in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region, China, one-year field measurements of VOCs were conducted simultaneously at an iron and steel industrial park (ISP), one chemical industrial park (CMP) and one petrochemical industrial park (PCP) from September, 2018 to August, 2019. The concentrations of VOCs were 80.2 ± 67.9 ppbv, 28.1 ± 27.2 ppbv and 144 ± 378 ppbv for ISP, CMP and PCP, respectively. Aromatics, alkanes and alkenes were the major components of VOCs at ISP, CMP and PCP, respectively. Moreover, the toluene to benzene ratios were 0.330 ± 0.302, 4.31 ± 6.48 and 1.84 ± 3.34, which generally showed the characteristics of combustion source for ISP, industrial activities for CMP and petrochemical industry for PCP, respectively. The hazard index values were 0.752 ± 0.438, 0.108 ± 0.248 and 0.090 ± 0.260 at ISP, CMP and PCP, which were generally lower than threshold limit value, suggesting a low noncarcinogenic risk for workers. Meanwhile, the 95th percentile LCR values of VOCs were 8.76 × 10-5, 1.15 × 10-5 and 1.00 × 10-5 at ISP, CMP and PCP, respectively, which were also under acceptable risk level, indicating a low carcinogenic risk. Benzene and 1,3-butadiene were main harmful substances for both noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of VOCs. The odor levels of VOCs were 2.12 ± 4.21, 12.5 ± 28.7 and 1.01 ± 7.84 at ISP, CMP and PCP, respectively. Aromatics for ISP and sulfide compounds for CMP and PCP were primary pollutants for odor pollution. This work could improve the understanding of risk levels and odor characteristics of VOCs and benefit policy development on alleviating odor complaints and health risks for workers in YRD region, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohao Jia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Song Gao
- Shanghai Environmental Monitor Center, Shanghai 200235, China.
| | - Yusen Duan
- Shanghai Environmental Monitor Center, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Qingyan Fu
- Shanghai Environmental Monitor Center, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Xiang Che
- Shanghai Environmental Monitor Center, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Hui Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jinping Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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