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AbdElgawad H, Crecchio C, Nhs M, Abdel-Maksoud MA, Malik A, Sheteiwy MS, Hamoud YA, Sulieman S, Shaghaleh H, Alyafei M, Khanghahi MY. Mitigating gadolinium toxicity in guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) through the symbiotic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: physiological and biochemical insights. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:877. [PMID: 39313798 PMCID: PMC11421177 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05552-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gadolinium (Gd) is an increasingly found lanthanide element in soil; thus, understanding its impact on plant physiology, biochemistry, and molecular responses is crucial. Here, we aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of Gd (150 mg kg- 1) impacts on guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) plant yield and metabolism and whether the symbiotic relationship with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can mitigate Gd toxicity of soil contamination. RESULTS AMF treatment improved mineral nutrient uptake and seed yield by 38-41% under Gd stress compared to non-inoculated stressed plants. Metabolic analysis unveiled the defense mechanisms adopted by AMF-treated plants, revealing carbon and nitrogen metabolism adaptations to withstand Gd contamination. This included an increase in the synthesis of primary metabolites, such as total sugar (+ 39% compared to control), soluble sugars (+ 29%), starch (+ 30%), and some main amino acids like proline (+ 57%) and phenylalanine (+ 87%) in the seeds of AMF-treated plants grown under Gd contamination. Furthermore, fatty acid and organic acid profile changes were accompanied by the production of secondary metabolites, including tocopherols, polyamines, phenolic acids, flavones, and anthocyanins. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the coordinated synthesis of these compounds underscores the intricate regulatory mechanisms underlying plant-AMF interactions and highlights the potential of AMF to modulate plant secondary metabolism for enhanced Gd stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamada AbdElgawad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 65541, Egypt.
| | - Carmine Crecchio
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Via Amendola 165/A, Bari, 70126, Italy
| | - Mousa Nhs
- Botany & Microbiology Department, Faculty of science, Assiut University, P.O. Box 71516, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mostafa A Abdel-Maksoud
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, Riyadh Province, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Malik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, Riyadh Province, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Sheteiwy
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Yousef Alhaj Hamoud
- The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Saad Sulieman
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Shambat, Khartoum North, 13314, Sudan
| | - Hiba Shaghaleh
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Mohammed Alyafei
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Mohammad Yaghoubi Khanghahi
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Via Amendola 165/A, Bari, 70126, Italy
- Department of European and Mediterranean Cultures: Architecture, Environment and Cultural Heritage (DiCEM), Università degli Studi della Basilicata, via Lanera 20, Matera, 75100, Italy
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Yurkov AP, Afonin AM, Kryukov AA, Gorbunova AO, Kudryashova TR, Kovalchuk AI, Gorenkova AI, Bogdanova EM, Kosulnikov YV, Laktionov YV, Kozhemyakov AP, Romanyuk DA, Zhukov VA, Puzanskiy RK, Mikhailova YV, Yemelyanov VV, Shishova MF. The Effects of Rhizophagus irregularis Inoculation on Transcriptome of Medicago lupulina Leaves at Early Vegetative and Flowering Stages of Plant Development. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3580. [PMID: 37896043 PMCID: PMC10610208 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The study is aimed at revealing the effects of Rhizophagus irregularis inoculation on the transcriptome of Medicago lupulina leaves at the early (second leaf formation) and later (flowering) stages of plant development. A pot experiment was conducted under conditions of low phosphorus (P) level in the substrate. M. lupulina plants were characterized by high mycorrhizal growth response and mycorrhization parameters. Library sequencing was performed on the Illumina HiseqXTen platform. Significant changes in the expression of 4863 (padj < 0.01) genes from 34049 functionally annotated genes were shown by Massive Analysis of cDNA Ends (MACE-Seq). GO enrichment analysis using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was performed, and 244 functional GO groups were identified, including genes contributing to the development of effective AM symbiosis. The Mercator online tool was used to assign functional classes of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The early stage was characterized by the presence of six functional classes that included only upregulated GO groups, such as genes of carbohydrate metabolism, cellular respiration, nutrient uptake, photosynthesis, protein biosynthesis, and solute transport. At the later stage (flowering), the number of stimulated GO groups was reduced to photosynthesis and protein biosynthesis. All DEGs of the GO:0016036 group were downregulated because AM plants had higher resistance to phosphate starvation. For the first time, the upregulation of genes encoding thioredoxin in AM plant leaves was shown. It was supposed to reduce ROS level and thus, consequently, enhance the mechanisms of antioxidant protection in M. lupulina plants under conditions of low phosphorus level. Taken together, the obtained results indicate genes that are the most important for the effective symbiosis with M. lupulina and might be engaged in other plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey P. Yurkov
- Laboratory of Ecology of Symbiotic and Associative Rhizobacteria, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia; (A.M.A.); (A.A.K.); (A.O.G.); (T.R.K.); (A.I.K.); (A.I.G.); (E.M.B.); (Y.V.K.); (Y.V.L.); (A.P.K.)
| | - Alexey M. Afonin
- Laboratory of Ecology of Symbiotic and Associative Rhizobacteria, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia; (A.M.A.); (A.A.K.); (A.O.G.); (T.R.K.); (A.I.K.); (A.I.G.); (E.M.B.); (Y.V.K.); (Y.V.L.); (A.P.K.)
| | - Alexey A. Kryukov
- Laboratory of Ecology of Symbiotic and Associative Rhizobacteria, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia; (A.M.A.); (A.A.K.); (A.O.G.); (T.R.K.); (A.I.K.); (A.I.G.); (E.M.B.); (Y.V.K.); (Y.V.L.); (A.P.K.)
| | - Anastasia O. Gorbunova
- Laboratory of Ecology of Symbiotic and Associative Rhizobacteria, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia; (A.M.A.); (A.A.K.); (A.O.G.); (T.R.K.); (A.I.K.); (A.I.G.); (E.M.B.); (Y.V.K.); (Y.V.L.); (A.P.K.)
| | - Tatyana R. Kudryashova
- Laboratory of Ecology of Symbiotic and Associative Rhizobacteria, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia; (A.M.A.); (A.A.K.); (A.O.G.); (T.R.K.); (A.I.K.); (A.I.G.); (E.M.B.); (Y.V.K.); (Y.V.L.); (A.P.K.)
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - Anastasia I. Kovalchuk
- Laboratory of Ecology of Symbiotic and Associative Rhizobacteria, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia; (A.M.A.); (A.A.K.); (A.O.G.); (T.R.K.); (A.I.K.); (A.I.G.); (E.M.B.); (Y.V.K.); (Y.V.L.); (A.P.K.)
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - Anastasia I. Gorenkova
- Laboratory of Ecology of Symbiotic and Associative Rhizobacteria, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia; (A.M.A.); (A.A.K.); (A.O.G.); (T.R.K.); (A.I.K.); (A.I.G.); (E.M.B.); (Y.V.K.); (Y.V.L.); (A.P.K.)
- Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia; (R.K.P.); (V.V.Y.); (M.F.S.)
| | - Ekaterina M. Bogdanova
- Laboratory of Ecology of Symbiotic and Associative Rhizobacteria, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia; (A.M.A.); (A.A.K.); (A.O.G.); (T.R.K.); (A.I.K.); (A.I.G.); (E.M.B.); (Y.V.K.); (Y.V.L.); (A.P.K.)
- Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia; (R.K.P.); (V.V.Y.); (M.F.S.)
| | - Yuri V. Kosulnikov
- Laboratory of Ecology of Symbiotic and Associative Rhizobacteria, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia; (A.M.A.); (A.A.K.); (A.O.G.); (T.R.K.); (A.I.K.); (A.I.G.); (E.M.B.); (Y.V.K.); (Y.V.L.); (A.P.K.)
| | - Yuri V. Laktionov
- Laboratory of Ecology of Symbiotic and Associative Rhizobacteria, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia; (A.M.A.); (A.A.K.); (A.O.G.); (T.R.K.); (A.I.K.); (A.I.G.); (E.M.B.); (Y.V.K.); (Y.V.L.); (A.P.K.)
| | - Andrey P. Kozhemyakov
- Laboratory of Ecology of Symbiotic and Associative Rhizobacteria, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia; (A.M.A.); (A.A.K.); (A.O.G.); (T.R.K.); (A.I.K.); (A.I.G.); (E.M.B.); (Y.V.K.); (Y.V.L.); (A.P.K.)
| | - Daria A. Romanyuk
- Laboratory of Genetics of Plant-Microbe Interactions, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia; (D.A.R.); (V.A.Z.)
| | - Vladimir A. Zhukov
- Laboratory of Genetics of Plant-Microbe Interactions, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia; (D.A.R.); (V.A.Z.)
| | - Roman K. Puzanskiy
- Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia; (R.K.P.); (V.V.Y.); (M.F.S.)
- Laboratory of Analytical Phytochemistry, Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 197022, Russia
| | - Yulia V. Mikhailova
- Laboratory of Biosystematics and Cytology, Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 197022, Russia;
| | - Vladislav V. Yemelyanov
- Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia; (R.K.P.); (V.V.Y.); (M.F.S.)
| | - Maria F. Shishova
- Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia; (R.K.P.); (V.V.Y.); (M.F.S.)
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Majhi S, Sikdar (née Bhakta) M. How heavy metal stress affects the growth and development of pulse crops: insights into germination and physiological processes. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:155. [PMID: 37138782 PMCID: PMC10149436 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03585-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The current work is an extensive review addressing the effects of heavy metals in major pulse crops such as Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), Pea (Pisum sativum L.), Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.), Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.), Black gram (Vigna mungo L.) and Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.). Pulses are important contributors to the global food supply in the world, due to their vast beneficial properties in providing protein, nutritional value and health benefits to the human population. Several studies have reported that heavy metals are injurious to plants causing inhibition in plant germination, a decrease in the root and shoot length, reduction in respiration rate and photosynthesis. Properly disposing of heavy metal wastes has become an increasingly difficult task to solve in developed countries. Heavy metals pose one of the substantial constraints to pulse crops growth and productivity even at low concentrations. This article attempts to present the morphological, biochemical and various physiological changes induced on the pulse crops grown under various heavy metal stress such as As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Ni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Majhi
- Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, West Bengal 700073 India
| | - Mausumi Sikdar (née Bhakta)
- Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, West Bengal 700073 India
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Mukherjee S, Corpas FJ. H 2 O 2 , NO, and H 2 S networks during root development and signalling under physiological and challenging environments: Beneficial or toxic? PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:688-717. [PMID: 36583401 PMCID: PMC10108057 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) is a reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a key modulator of the development and architecture of the root system under physiological and adverse environmental conditions. Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulphide (H2 S) also exert myriad functions on plant development and signalling. Accumulating pieces of evidence show that depending upon the dose and mode of applications, NO and H2 S can have synergistic or antagonistic actions in mediating H2 O2 signalling during root development. Thus, H2 O2 -NO-H2 S crosstalk might essentially impart tolerance to elude oxidative stress in roots. Growth and proliferation of root apex involve crucial orchestration of NO and H2 S-mediated ROS signalling which also comprise other components including mitogen-activated protein kinase, cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases, respiratory burst oxidase homolog (RBOH), and Ca2+ flux. This assessment provides a comprehensive update on the cooperative roles of NO and H2 S in modulating H2 O2 homoeostasis during root development, abiotic stress tolerance, and root-microbe interaction. Furthermore, it also analyses the scopes of some fascinating future investigations associated with strigolactone and karrikins concerning H2 O2 -NO-H2 S crosstalk in plant roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Mukherjee
- Department of Botany, Jangipur CollegeUniversity of KalyaniWest BengalIndia
| | - Francisco J. Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Stress, Development and Signalling in PlantsEstación Experimental del Zaidín (Spanish National Research Council, CSIC)GranadaSpain
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5
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Ma WY, Qin QY, Zou YN, Kuča K, Giri B, Wu QS, Hashem A, Al-Arjani ABF, Almutairi KF, Abd_Allah EF, Xu YJ. Arbuscular mycorrhiza induces low oxidative burst in drought-stressed walnut through activating antioxidant defense systems and heat shock transcription factor expression. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1089420. [PMID: 36523633 PMCID: PMC9745176 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1089420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have important roles in enhancing drought tolerance of host plants, but it is not clear whether and how AMF increase drought tolerance in walnut (Juglans regia). We hypothesized that AMF could activate antioxidant defense systems and heat shock transcription factors (Hsfs) transcription levels to alleviate oxidative damage caused by drought. The walnut variety 'Liaohe No. 1' was inoculated with Diversispora spurca and exposed to well-watered (WW, 75% of the maximum soil water capacity) and drought stress (DS, 50% of the maximum soil water capacity) for 6 weeks. Plant growth, antioxidant defense systems, and expressions of five JrHsfs in leaves were studied. Such drought treatment inhibited root mycorrhizal colonization, while plant growth performance was still improved by AMF inoculation. Mycorrhizal fungal inoculation triggered the increase in soluble protein, glutathione (GSH), ascorbic acid (ASC), and total ASC contents and ascorbic peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities, along with lower hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion radical (O2 •-), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, compared with non-inoculation under drought. Mycorrhizal plants also recorded higher peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities than non-mycorrhizal plants under drought. The expression of JrHsf03, JrHsf05, JrHsf20, JrHsf22, and JrHsf24 was up-regulated under WW by AMF, while the expression of JrHsf03, JrHsf22, and JrHsf24 were up-regulated only under drought by AMF. It is concluded that D. spurca induced low oxidative burst in drought-stressed walnut through activating antioxidant defense systems and part Hsfs expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ya Ma
- Tibet Plateau Walnut Industry Research Institute/College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Qiu-Yun Qin
- Tibet Plateau Walnut Industry Research Institute/College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Ying-Ning Zou
- Tibet Plateau Walnut Industry Research Institute/College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Bhoopander Giri
- Department of Botany, Swami Shraddhanand College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Qiang-Sheng Wu
- Tibet Plateau Walnut Industry Research Institute/College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Khalid F. Almutairi
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yong-Jie Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, China
- Hubei Academy of Forestry, Wuhan, China
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Liang SM, Zheng FL, Wu QS. Elucidating the dialogue between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and polyamines in plants. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:159. [PMID: 35834138 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03336-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The most dominant arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiont can be established on roots of most terrestrial plants by beneficial AM fungi. A type of polycationic and aliphatic compounds, polyamines (PAs), are involved in plant physiological activities including stress responses. Interestingly, small amounts of PAs such as putrescine (Put) and spermidine (Spd) were found in AM fungal spores, and they are considered to be a component involved in mycorrhizal development, including mycorrhizal colonization, appressoria formation, spore germination and mycelial growth. Thus, PAs are regulatory factors in plant-AM symbiosis. Inoculation of AM fungi also affects the metabolism of endogenous PAs in host plants, including PAs synthesis and catabolism, thus, regulating various physiological events of the host. As a result, there seems to be a dialogue between PAs and AM fungi. Existing knowledge makes us understand that endogenous or exogenous PAs are an important regulator factor in the growth of AM fungi, as well as a key substance to colonize roots, which further enhances mycorrhizal benefits in plant growth responses and root architecture. The presence of AM symbiosis in roots alters the dynamic balance of endogenous PAs, triggering osmotic adjustment and antioxidant defense systems, maintaining charge balance and acting as a stress signalling molecule, which affects various physiological activities, such as plant growth, nutrient acquisition, stress tolerance and improvement of root architecture. This review mainly elucidated (i) what is the role of fungal endogenous PAs in fungal growth and colonization of roots in host plants? (ii) how AM fungi and PAs interact with each other to alter the growth of fungi and plants and subsequent activities, providing the reference for the future combined use of AM fungi and PAs in agricultural production, although there are still many unknown events in the dialogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Min Liang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, 434025, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Feng-Ling Zheng
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, 434025, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Qiang-Sheng Wu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, 434025, Jingzhou, Hubei, China.
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Hachani C, Lamhamedi MS, Zine El Abidine A, Abassi M, Khasa DP, Béjaoui Z. Water Relations, Gas Exchange, Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Electrolyte Leakage of Ectomycorrhizal Pinus halepensis Seedlings in Response to Multi-Heavy Metal Stresses (Pb, Zn, Cd). Microorganisms 2021; 10:microorganisms10010057. [PMID: 35056506 PMCID: PMC8779289 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of mine site restoration programs in arid and semi-arid areas poses a significant challenge and requires the use of high-quality seedlings capable of tolerating heavy metal stresses. The effect of ectomycorrhizal fungi on different physiological traits was investigated in Pinus halepensis seedlings grown in soil contaminated with heavy metals (Pb-Zn-Cd). Ectomycorrhizal (M) and non-ectomycorrhizal (NM) seedlings were subjected to heavy metals stress (C: contaminated, NC: control or non-contaminated) soils conditions for 12 months. Gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, water relations parameters derived from pressure–volume curves and electrolyte leakage were evaluated at 4, 8 and 12 months. Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis promoted stronger resistance to heavy metals and improved gas exchange parameters and water-use efficiency compared to the non-ectomycorrhizal seedlings. The decrease in leaf osmotic potentials (Ψπ100: osmotic potential at saturation and Ψπ0: osmotic potential with loss of turgor) was higher for M-C seedling than NM-C ones, indicating that the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis promotes cellular osmotic adjustment and protects leaf membrane cell against leakage induced by Pb, Zn and Cd. Our results suggest that the use of ectomycorrhizal symbiosis is among the promising practices to improve the morphophysiological quality of seedlings produced in forest nurseries, their performance and their tolerance to multi-heavy metal stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadlia Hachani
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Jarzouna 7021, Tunisia;
- Laboratory of Forest Ecology (LR11INRGREF03), National Institute of Research in Rural Engineering, Water and Forests (INRGREF), University of Carthage, Hédi Elkarray Street, Elmenzah IV, BP 10, Ariana 2080, Tunisia;
| | - Mohammed S. Lamhamedi
- Centre for Forest Studies, Faculty of Forestry, Geography and Geomatics, Abitibi Price Building, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | | | - Mejda Abassi
- Laboratory of Forest Ecology (LR11INRGREF03), National Institute of Research in Rural Engineering, Water and Forests (INRGREF), University of Carthage, Hédi Elkarray Street, Elmenzah IV, BP 10, Ariana 2080, Tunisia;
| | - Damase P. Khasa
- Centre for Forest Research and Institute for Systems and Integrative Biology, Université Laval, 1030 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Zoubeir Béjaoui
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Jarzouna 7021, Tunisia;
- Laboratory of Forest Ecology (LR11INRGREF03), National Institute of Research in Rural Engineering, Water and Forests (INRGREF), University of Carthage, Hédi Elkarray Street, Elmenzah IV, BP 10, Ariana 2080, Tunisia;
- Correspondence:
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Yang Z, Bai C, Wang P, Fu W, Wang L, Song Z, Xi X, Wu H, Zhang G, Wu J. Sandbur Drought Tolerance Reflects Phenotypic Plasticity Based on the Accumulation of Sugars, Lipids, and Flavonoid Intermediates and the Scavenging of Reactive Oxygen Species in the Root. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312615. [PMID: 34884421 PMCID: PMC8657935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The perennial grass Cenchrus spinifex (common sandbur) is an invasive species that grows in arid and semi-arid regions due to its remarkable phenotypic plasticity, which confers the ability to withstand drought and other forms of abiotic stress. Exploring the molecular mechanisms of drought tolerance in common sandbur could lead to the development of new strategies for the protection of natural and agricultural environments from this weed. To determine the molecular basis of drought tolerance in C. spinifex, we used isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) to identify proteins differing in abundance between roots growing in normal soil and roots subjected to moderate or severe drought stress. The analysis of these proteins revealed that drought tolerance in C. spinifex primarily reflects the modulation of core physiological activities such as protein synthesis, transport and energy utilization as well as the accumulation of flavonoid intermediates and the scavenging of reactive oxygen species. Accordingly, plants subjected to drought stress accumulated sucrose, fatty acids, and ascorbate, shifted their redox potential (as determined by the NADH/NAD ratio), accumulated flavonoid intermediates at the expense of anthocyanins and lignin, and produced less actin, indicating fundamental reorganization of the cytoskeleton. Our results show that C. spinifex responds to drought stress by coordinating multiple metabolic pathways along with other adaptations. It is likely that the underlying metabolic plasticity of this species plays a key role in its invasive success, particularly in semi-arid and arid environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Yang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.Y.); (C.B.); (W.F.); (Z.S.)
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (P.W.); (L.W.)
| | - Chao Bai
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.Y.); (C.B.); (W.F.); (Z.S.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technologies, Beijing Zoo, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Peng Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (P.W.); (L.W.)
- The State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Weidong Fu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.Y.); (C.B.); (W.F.); (Z.S.)
| | - Le Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (P.W.); (L.W.)
| | - Zhen Song
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.Y.); (C.B.); (W.F.); (Z.S.)
| | - Xin Xi
- Beijing Plant Protection Station, Beijing 100029, China;
| | - Hanwen Wu
- E.H. Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (A Collaborative Alliance between Charles Sturt University and the NSW Department of Primary Industries), Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia;
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.Y.); (C.B.); (W.F.); (Z.S.)
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (J.W.); Tel.: +86-82109570 (G.Z.); +86-64807375 (J.W.)
| | - Jiahe Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (P.W.); (L.W.)
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (J.W.); Tel.: +86-82109570 (G.Z.); +86-64807375 (J.W.)
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The Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Glomus viscosum Improves the Tolerance to Verticillium Wilt in Artichoke by Modulating the Antioxidant Defense Systems. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081944. [PMID: 34440713 PMCID: PMC8392416 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Verticillium wilt, caused by the fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae, is the most severe disease that threatens artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) plants. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) may represent a useful biological control strategy against this pathogen attack, replacing chemical compounds that, up to now, have been not very effective. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the AMF Glomus viscosum Nicolson in enhancing the plant tolerance towards the pathogen V. dahliae. The role of the ascorbate-glutathione (ASC-GSH) cycle and other antioxidant systems involved in the complex network of the pathogen-fungi-plant interaction have been investigated. The results obtained showed that the AMF G. viscosum is able to enhance the defense antioxidant systems in artichoke plants affected by V. dahliae, alleviating the oxidative stress symptoms. AMF-inoculated plants exhibited significant increases in ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, a higher content of ascorbate (ASC) and glutathione (GSH), and a decrease in the levels of lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Hence, G. viscosum may represent an effective strategy for mitigating V. dahliae pathogenicity in artichokes, enhancing the plant defense systems, and improving the nutritional values and benefit to human health.
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Sharma K, Gupta S, Thokchom SD, Jangir P, Kapoor R. Arbuscular Mycorrhiza-Mediated Regulation of Polyamines and Aquaporins During Abiotic Stress: Deep Insights on the Recondite Players. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:642101. [PMID: 34220878 PMCID: PMC8247573 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.642101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Environmental stresses of (a)biotic origin induce the production of multitudinous compounds (metabolites and proteins) as protective defense mechanisms in plants. On account of the regulation of some of these compounds, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) reinforce the inherent tolerance of plants toward the stress of different origins and kind. This article reviews two specific fundamental mechanisms that are categorically associated with mycorrhiza in alleviating major abiotic stresses, salt, drought, and heavy metal (HM) toxicity. It puts emphasis on aquaporins (AQPs), the conduits of water and stress signals; and polyamines (PAs), the primordial stress molecules, which are regulated by AMF to assure water, nutrient, ion, and redox homeostasis. Under stressful conditions, AMF-mediated host AQP responses register distinct patterns: an upregulation to encourage water and nutrient uptake; a downregulation to restrict water loss and HM uptake; or no alterations. The patterns thereof are apparently an integrative outcome of the duration, intensity, and type of stress, AMF species, the interaction of fungal AQPs with that of plants, and the host type. However, the cellular and molecular bases of mycorrhizal influence on host AQPs are largely unexplored. The roles of PAs in augmenting the antioxidant defense system and improving the tolerance against oxidative stress are well-evident. However, the precise mechanism by which mycorrhiza accords stress tolerance by influencing the PA metabolism per se is abstruse and broadly variable under different stresses and plant species. This review comprehensively analyzes the current state-of-art of the involvement of AMF in "PA and AQP modulation" under abiotic stress and identifies the lesser-explored landscapes, gaps in understanding, and the accompanying challenges. Finally, this review outlines the prospects of AMF in realizing sustainable agriculture and provides insights into potential thrust areas of research on AMF and abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rupam Kapoor
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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