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Caner S, Günay D, Arı H, Erdoğan Ş. Microplastic pollution and ecological risk assessment of a pond ecosystem. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:712. [PMID: 38976167 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12881-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) pollution has been observed in various ecosystems as a result of the rapid increase in plastic production over the past half-century. Nevertheless, the extent of MP pollution in different ecosystems, particularly in freshwater ecosystems, has not been well-studied, and there are limited investigations on this particular topic, specifically in Türkiye. Here, we quantify the occurrence and distribution of MPs in surface water samples collected from Topçu Pond (Türkiye) for the first time. Water samples were collected at five stations and filtered (30 L for each station) through stacked stainless steel sieves (5 mm, 328 µm, and 61 µm mesh size) with a diameter of 30 cm. The abundance, size, color, shape, and type of collected debris samples were analyzed after the wet peroxide oxidation process. MP particles were observed in all samples at an average abundance of 2.4 MPs/L. The most abundant MP size class and type were 0-999 µm and fiber respectively. On the other hand, prevalent colors were black and colorless in general. According to the Raman analysis results, the identified MP derivatives were polypropylene (40%), polyamide (30%), ethylene acrylic acid (20%), and polyvinylchloride (10%). Moreover, the pollution load index (PLI) index was used to determine the pollution status. PLI values were determined as 1.91 at station S1, 1.73 at station S2, 1.31 at station S3, 1 at station S4 and 1.24 at station S5. The PLI value determined for the overall pond was 1.4. The results of this research show that MP pollution is present in Topçu Pond and contributes to the expanding literature on MP pollution in pond ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Caner
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Yozgat Bozok University, 66900, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Dilara Günay
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Yozgat Bozok University, 66900, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Hatice Arı
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, Yozgat Bozok University, 66900, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Şeyda Erdoğan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Yozgat Bozok University, 66900, Yozgat, Turkey.
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2
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Zhuang L, Zhang Y, Xue Y, Ren Y, He J, Sun H. Influence of ongoing discharge from multiple wastewater treatment plants on microplastic patterns in small-scale receiving rivers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 932:172880. [PMID: 38692310 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
As widely acknowledged, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) stand as significant contributors to the presence of microplastics in surface water. Nonetheless, there exists a notable research gap regarding the extent of potential pollution resulting from the concurrent and uninterrupted discharges originating from multiple WWTPs into small-scale receiving water bodies. This study endeavors to address this knowledge deficit by conducting a thorough investigation into the prevalence of microplastics in surface water. The research encompasses seven distinct locations within the Changzhou section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and the effluent of three WWTPs situated along the tributary. The results indicate differences in the distribution of microplastics in surface waters of mainstream and tributaries. While the microplastic abundance and composition showed little variation along the main stream, the tributaries displayed an overall increasing trend in microplastic abundance from upstream to downstream. Notably, the major contributors to this increase were fragments, fiber particles, and microplastics with particle sizes ranging from 100 to 300 μm. Considering that the primary distinction between the tributaries and the mainstream is the presence of the three WWTPs along the tributaries, the study conducted a correlation analysis between river surface water and effluents from these plants. The results indicated a stronger correlation between the tributaries and the effluents, suggesting that WWTPs are one of the primary factors contributing to the elevated levels of microplastics in the tributaries. Finally, a comparative analysis of microplastic abundance in the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal's Changzhou section and other regions was conducted. The findings revealed that the microplastic pollution level in the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal's Changzhou section is higher than that in most other rivers. Therefore, the issue of microplastic pollution in the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal's Changzhou section warrants our attention, particularly with regard to the effectiveness of microplastic removal by the WWTPs along its course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhuang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Yunian Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Yingang Xue
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China.
| | - Yanfang Ren
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Junyu He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Haohao Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China.
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3
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Guimarães GDA, Pereira SA, de Moraes BR, Ando RA, Martinelli Filho JE, Perotti GF, Sant'Anna BS, Hattori GY. The retention of plastic particles by macrophytes in the Amazon River, Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:42750-42765. [PMID: 38877194 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33961-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated the presence of plastics and microplastics in macrophytes in an urbanized sector of the Amazon River. A total of 77 quadrats in 23 macrophyte banks were sampled during the dry (September 2020) and rainy (June 2021) season. Five species were identified: Paspalum repens, Pontederia rotundifolia, Pistia stratiotes, Salvinia auriculata and Limnobium laevigatum, with P. repens being dominant during the dry season (47.54%) and P. rotundifolia during the rainy season (78.96%). Most of the plastic particles accumulated in Paspalum repens (49.3%) and P. rotundifolia (32.4%), likely due to their morphological structure and volume. The dry season showed a higher accumulation of plastic particles than the rainy season. Microplastics were found in most samples, during both the dry (75.98%) and rainy seasons (74.03%). The upstream macrophyte banks retained more plastic particles compared to the downstream banks. A moderate positive correlation was observed between the presence of plastic particles and macrophyte biomass, and a weak positive correlation between the occurrence of microplastics and mesoplastics. White and blue fragments, ranging from 1 to 5 mm were the most common microplastics found in the macrophyte banks. Green fragments and green and blue fibers were identified as polypropylene, blue and red fragments as polyethylene, and white fragments as polystyrene. Therefore, the results of this study highlight the first evidence of the retention of plastic particles in macrophytes of the Amazon and highlight a significant risk due to the harmful effects that this type of plastic can cause to the fauna and flora of aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Dos Anjos Guimarães
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Rua Nossa Senhora do Rosário, 3863, Tiradentes, Itacoatiara, AM, 69103-128, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Oceanografia Biológica e Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil.
| | - Samantha Aquino Pereira
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Rua Nossa Senhora do Rosário, 3863, Tiradentes, Itacoatiara, AM, 69103-128, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Rocha de Moraes
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 748 - B4T, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508000, Brazil
| | - Rômulo Augusto Ando
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 748 - B4T, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508000, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Martinelli Filho
- Laboratório de Oceanografia Biológica e Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Frigi Perotti
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Rua Nossa Senhora do Rosário, 3863, Tiradentes, Itacoatiara, AM, 69103-128, Brazil
| | - Bruno Sampaio Sant'Anna
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Rua Nossa Senhora do Rosário, 3863, Tiradentes, Itacoatiara, AM, 69103-128, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Yomar Hattori
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Rua Nossa Senhora do Rosário, 3863, Tiradentes, Itacoatiara, AM, 69103-128, Brazil
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Fattahi H, Mirzaei N, Bagheri A, Ravanyar L, Ahmadpour M, Makhdoumi P, Pirsaheb M, Heshmati S, Hoseinzadeh E, Ahmadi K, Meshabaz RA, Hossini H, Franzem T. The occurrence and distribution of microplastic contamination in Qara-sou river, Iran: incidence, quantification, and qualification. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:2264-2279. [PMID: 37496422 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2239755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
In the current study to investigate the characte - rization of Microplastic - released into the Qara-Sou river, Kermanshah, Iran, 12 sampling sites were surveyed along a 100 km stretch of the river. The maximum and minimum numbers of MPs were about 10,000 and 45,000 items per m3. The average concentration of MPs in the Qara-sou river was 23,666 ± 12147 items per m3. The dominant size and shape of MPs ranged from 0.025 to 1 mm (~44%) and fiber shapes (~78%). In addition, SEM-EDS analyses confirmed the presence of carbon-dominant peaks with O, Ca, Fe, Al, and Si. FTIR spectra have identified some MPs in the PVC, PU, PS, PE, and nylon polymer categories. A high level of MPs was discharged into the Qara-sou river, which should be attracting the attention of the community and decision-makers to reduce damage to the environment and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Fattahi
- Students Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nezam Mirzaei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Social Determinants of Health (SDH), Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Amin Bagheri
- Department of Health, Safety and Environmental Management, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Ravanyar
- Health Education and Health Promotion, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ahmadpour
- Health Education and Promotion, Department of Public Health, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Pouran Makhdoumi
- Students Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Meghdad Pirsaheb
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shohreh Heshmati
- Students Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Edris Hoseinzadeh
- Students Research Committee, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
| | - Kosar Ahmadi
- Students Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Hooshyar Hossini
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Thomas Franzem
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
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Borah P, Kshiar N, Reang D, Jyoti Nath A, Kumar Baruah K. Incidence of microplastic contamination in fishes of the Ramsar Wetland, Loktak - The world's only floating lake from the Indian Himalayan region. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 358:120928. [PMID: 38652990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics are ubiquitous, and their widespread prevalence in the ecosphere has generated concerns about their potential effects on terrestrial and aquatic organisms. However, studies pertaining to ecologically sensitive freshwater ecosystems, such as Ramsar wetlands, is scarce. Therefore, the study was conducted in Loktak, the world's only floating lake, and one of the largest wetland in the Indian Himalayan region. The wetland's degradation and pollution have resulted its inclusion in the Montreux Record, underscoring the need for studying this eco-sensitive freshwater system. This work investigated the (i) abundance, morphotype and size of microplastics in fish, and (ii) chemical composition of the microplastics consumed and accumulated in the fish of Loktak lake. Fish samples representing eight species were collected and analyzed for microplastics. Results revealed that ∼91% of the sampled fish ingested microplastics. Fragment was identified as the predominant morphotype (∼82%). Plastic polymers including polyamide (PA), polystyrene (PS), polycarbonate (PC) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were detected. The occurrence of heavy metals - chlorine (Cl), palladium (Pd), sodium (Na), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) suggests their adhesion on the microplastics. The occurrence of microplastics in fish indicates pollution in the lake and poses a potential health risks to humans through consumption. Therefore, implementing comprehensive management approaches is imperative to mitigate this emerging pollution and uphold the ecological integrity of the Ramsar site. Substantial information on microplastics and their potential human exposure through fish consumption, particularly in the Indian Himalayan region, remains to be assessed, underscoring the need for extensive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallabi Borah
- Department of Environmental Science, Assam Royal Global University, Guwahati-781035, India.
| | - Naphibaniarlin Kshiar
- Department of Environmental Science, Assam Royal Global University, Guwahati-781035, India.
| | - Demsai Reang
- Department of Environmental Science, Assam Royal Global University, Guwahati-781035, India.
| | - Arun Jyoti Nath
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Assam University, Silchar-788011, India.
| | - Kushal Kumar Baruah
- Department of Environmental Science, Assam Royal Global University, Guwahati-781035, India.
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6
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Zhang C, Bao F, Wang F, Xue Z, Lin D. Toxic effects of nanoplastics and microcystin-LR coexposure on the liver-gut axis of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:170011. [PMID: 38220005 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Plastic products and nutrients are widely used in aquaculture facilities, resulting in copresence of nanoplastics (NPs) released from plastics and microcystins (MCs) from toxic cyanobacteria. The potential effects of NPs-MCs coexposure on aquatic products require investigation. This study investigated the toxic effects of polystyrene (PS) NPs and MC-LR on the gut-liver axis of silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, a representative commercial fish, and explored the effects of the coexposure on intestinal microorganism structure and liver metabolic function using traditional toxicology and multi-omics association analysis. The results showed that the PS-NPs and MC-LR coexposure significantly shortened villi length, and the higher the concentration of PS-NPs, the more obvious the villi shortening. The coexposure of high concentrations of PS-NPs and MC-LR increased the hepatocyte space in fish, and caused obvious loss of gill filaments. The diversity and richness of the fish gut microbes significantly increased after the PS-NPs exposure, and this trend was amplified in the copresence of MC-LR. In the coexposure, MC-LR contributed more to the alteration of fish liver metabolism, which affected the enrichment pathway in glycerophospholipid metabolism and folic acid biosynthesis, and there was a correlation between the differential glycerophospholipid metabolites and affected bacteria. These results suggested that the toxic mechanism of PS-NPs and MC-LR coexposure may be pathological changes of the liver, gut, and gill tissues, intestinal microbiota disturbance, and glycerophospholipid metabolism imbalance. The findings not only improve the understanding of environmental risks of NPs combined with other pollutants, but also provide potential microbiota and glycerophospholipid biomarkers in silver carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaonan Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Ecological Civilization Academy, Huzhou 313300, China
| | - Feifan Bao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fei Wang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Zhihao Xue
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Daohui Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Ecological Civilization Academy, Huzhou 313300, China.
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7
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Sun H, Hu J, Wu Y, Gong H, Zhu N, Yuan H. Leachate from municipal solid waste landfills: A neglected source of microplastics in the environment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133144. [PMID: 38056251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade or so, microplastics (MPs) have received increasing attention due to their ubiquity and potential risk to the environment. Waste plastics usually end up in landfills. These plastics in landfills undergo physical compression, chemical oxidation, and biological decomposition, breaking down into MPs. As a result, landfill leachate stores large amounts of MPs, which can negatively impact the surrounding soil and water environment. However, not enough attention has been given to the occurrence and removal of MPs in landfill leachate. This lack of knowledge has led to landfills being an underestimated source of microplastics. In order to fill this knowledge gap, this paper collects relevant literature on MPs in landfill leachate from domestic and international sources, systematically summarizes their presence within Asia and Europe, assesses the impacts of landfill leachate on MPs in the adjacent environment, and particularly discusses the possible ecotoxicological effects of MPs in leachate. We found high levels of MPs in the soil and water around informal landfills, and the MPs themselves and the toxic substances they carry can have toxic effects on organisms. In addition, this paper summarizes the potential impact of MPs on the biochemical treatment stage of leachate, finds that the effects of MPs on the biochemical treatment stage and membrane filtration are more significant, and proposes some novel processes for MPs removal from leachate. This analysis contributes to the removal of MPs from leachate. This study is the first comprehensive review of the occurrence, environmental impact, and removal of MPs in leachate from landfills in Asia and Europe. It offers a comprehensive theoretical reference for the field, providing invaluable insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Sun
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Recovery, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jinwen Hu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Recovery, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - You Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Huabo Gong
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Recovery, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Nanwen Zhu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Recovery, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Haiping Yuan
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Recovery, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Aksun Tümerkan ET, Köse E, Aksu S, Mol O, Kantamaneni K, Başkurt S, Çınar E, Emiroğlu Ö. Beadlet anemone: A novel bio-indicator of microplastic pollution in the marine environment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 349:119538. [PMID: 37948964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Extensive usage of plastic in different industries and household usage has degraded to microplastic due to environmental conditions over the last year. While several researchers conducted the determination of microplastic (MP) bioaccumulation from rivers to stormwater, except for some filter-feeding species used as a bioindicator, to achieve a holistic approach to the fate of MPs in the marine system, sea anemone was used as an indicator. Microplastics were extracted from surface seawater, sediment, and sea anemones from the same sampling area and characterized. The extracted MPs were confirmed by confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy, and the morphology of the MPs was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the accumulation of microplastics and the type of polymer, shape, colour, and size of these persistent pollutants varied in sediment, surface water, and sea anemone. The abundance of MPs was different, and grey-coloured MPs were detected at a relatively higher level in sea anemones, from 8.7 to 13.3%, and more minor MPs (less than 0.5 mm) at 43.4-56.8% were detected in sea anemones among the sampling stations. In terms of polymer type, there are relatively more types of polymers classified in sea anemones among the sampling stations (six different types of polymers). These results indicated that the utilization of sea anemones as a bioindicator for MPs could be a critical factor in a better understanding of their pathway in the marine ecosystem. This study proved that analysing sea anemones as an indicator could offer a reliable, fast, and time-saving approach for detecting microplastic accumulation in marine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Tuğçe Aksun Tümerkan
- Department of Food Processing-Food Technology, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Vocational School of Health Services, Ankara, Turkey; AYBU Central Research Laboratory, Application and Research Center, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Univer-sity, Ankara, 06010, Turkey.
| | - Esengül Köse
- Department of Environmental Protection Technologies, Eskişehir Vocational School, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey.
| | - Sadi Aksu
- Vocational School of Health Services, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey.
| | - Oğuzcan Mol
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Eskişehir,Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey.
| | - Komali Kantamaneni
- School of Engineering, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, United Kingdom.
| | - Sercan Başkurt
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Eskişehir,Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey.
| | - Emre Çınar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Eskişehir,Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey.
| | - Özgür Emiroğlu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Eskişehir,Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey.
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Lahon J, Handique S. Impact of flooding on microplastic abundance and distribution in freshwater environment: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:118175-118191. [PMID: 37936046 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30819-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Due to smaller particle size (0.1 µm-5 mm), non-biodegradable or slowly degradable nature, and high accumulation capacity in the environment, microplastics are becoming a cause of concern throughout the globe. The abundance and distribution of microplastics in aquatic compartments are strongly influenced by various natural and anthropogenic variables. Hydrodynamic conditions like flood events, caused due to extreme precipitation, accelerate the transport and settlement of microplastics in freshwater bodies. This review highlights the current literature which focuses on the effect of flooding on microplastic abundance, characterization, and distribution in freshwater environments worldwide. However, only limited research papers are identified through focused literature search, as this area of research is relatively new. Most of the studies reported increased and decreased abundance of microplastics in water and sediment samples, respectively, during post-flooding period with the exception of few studies. We also evaluate the post-flooding abundances of different morphological shape and polymer type of microplastics. Fragments, fibers, beads, and film were the most frequently reported microplastic shape and polystyrene, and polyethylene was the dominant polymer type found in freshwater environments. Future research should focus on more advanced techniques to understand microplastic fluxes under flood condition and the dominance of various natural and human-induced factors over one another in determining microplastic abundance. This will further enhance to mitigate microplastic pollution in freshwater environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigyashree Lahon
- Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Sumi Handique
- Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India.
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10
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Astel AM, Piskuła P. Application of Pattern Recognition and Computer Vision Tools to Improve the Morphological Analysis of Microplastic Items in Biological Samples. TOXICS 2023; 11:779. [PMID: 37755788 PMCID: PMC10537546 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11090779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Since, in many routine analytical laboratories, a stereomicroscope coupled with a digital camera is not equipped with advanced software enabling automatic detection of features of observed objects, in the present study, a procedure of feature detection using open-source software was proposed and validated. Within the framework of applying microscopic expertise coupled with image analysis, a set of digital images of microplastic (MP) items identified in organs of fish was used to determine shape descriptors (such as length, width, item area, etc.). The edge points required to compute shape characteristics were set manually in digital images acquired by the camera coupled with a binocular, and respective values were computed via the use of built-in MotiConnect software. As an alternative, a new approach consisting of digital image thresholding, binarization, the use of connected-component labeling, and the computation of shape descriptors on a pixel level via using the functions available in an OpenCV library or self-written in C++ was proposed. Overall, 74.4% of the images were suitable for thresholding without any additional pretreatment. A significant correlation was obtained between the shape descriptors computed by the software and computed using the proposed approach. The range of correlation coefficients at a very high level of significance, according to the pair of correlated measures, was higher than 0.69. The length of fibers can be satisfactorily approximated using a value of half the length of the outer perimeter (r higher than 0.75). Compactness and circularity significantly differ for particles and fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Maria Astel
- Environmental Chemistry Research Unit, Institute of Geography, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, 22a Arciszewskiego Str., 76-200 Słupsk, Poland;
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11
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Li T, Zhang W, Yu H, Hai C, Wang Y, Yu S, Tsedevdorj SO. Research status and prospects of microplastic pollution in lakes. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:485. [PMID: 36933078 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11043-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As an emerging pollutant, microplastics have attracted widespread concern around the world. Research on microplastics was first conducted in oceans, and in recent years, inland water, especially lakes, has gradually become a hot spot. This paper systematically reviews the sampling, separation, purification, and identification technologies used to assess microplastics in lakes and summarizes the occurrence of lake microplastics worldwide. The results show that microplastics are widespread in lake water and sediment. There are obvious geographical differences in the occurrence of microplastics. The abundance of microplastics in different lakes varies greatly. The forms are mostly fibrous and fragments, and the main polymers are polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE). Previous papers have failed to comment in as much detail on the microplastic sampling techniques employed within lake systems. The sampling and analysis methods are critical to accurately evaluating contamination results. Due to the widespread presence of microplastics and the lack of uniform standards, there are various sampling methods. Trawls and grabs are most widely used in the sampling of lake water bodies and sediment, and sodium chloride and hydrogen peroxide are the most widely used media for flotation and digestion, respectively. In the future, it will be critical to establish unified standards for lake microplastic sampling and analysis technology, further explore the migration mechanism of microplastics in lake systems, and pay attention to the impact of microplastics on lake ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- School of Geography, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, 010022, China
| | - Weiqing Zhang
- School of Geography, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, 010022, China.
| | - Hui Yu
- School of Geography, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, 010022, China
| | - Chunxing Hai
- School of Geography, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, 010022, China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Geography, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, 010022, China
| | - Shan Yu
- School of Geography, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, 010022, China
| | - Ser-Od Tsedevdorj
- Department of Geography, School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Mongolian National University of Education, Ulaanbaatar, 14191, Mongolia
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12
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Sun XL, Xiang H, Xiong HQ, Fang YC, Wang Y. Bioremediation of microplastics in freshwater environments: A systematic review of biofilm culture, degradation mechanisms, and analytical methods. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 863:160953. [PMID: 36543072 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics, defined as particles <5 mm in diameter, are emerging environmental pollutants that pose a threat to ecosystems and human health. Biofilm degradation of microplastics may be an ecologically friendly approach. This review systematically summarises the factors affecting biofilm degradation of microplastics and proposes feasible methods to improve the efficiency of microplastic biofilm degradation. Environmentally insensitive microorganisms were screened, optimized, and commercially cultured to facilitate the practical application of this technology. For strain screening, technology should focus on microorganisms/strains that can modify the hydrophobicity of microplastics, degrade the crystalline zone of microplastics, and metabolise additives in microplastics. The biodegradation mechanism is also described; microorganisms secreting extracellular oxidases and hydrolases are key factors for degradation. Measuring the changes in molecular weight distribution (MWD) enables better analysis of the biodegradation behaviour of microplastics. Biofilm degradation of microplastics has relatively few applications because of its low efficiency; however, enrichment of microplastics in freshwater environments and wastewater treatment plant tailwater is currently the most effective method for treating microplastics with biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long Sun
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Wetland Conservation, Restoration and Ecological Services, College of Wetlands, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; National Plateau Wetlands Research Center, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; National Wetland Ecosystem Fixed Research Station of Yunnan Dianchi, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China.
| | - Hong Xiang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Wetland Conservation, Restoration and Ecological Services, College of Wetlands, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; National Plateau Wetlands Research Center, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; National Wetland Ecosystem Fixed Research Station of Yunnan Dianchi, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Hao-Qin Xiong
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Wetland Conservation, Restoration and Ecological Services, College of Wetlands, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; National Plateau Wetlands Research Center, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; National Wetland Ecosystem Fixed Research Station of Yunnan Dianchi, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Yi-Chuan Fang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Wetland Conservation, Restoration and Ecological Services, College of Wetlands, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; National Plateau Wetlands Research Center, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; National Wetland Ecosystem Fixed Research Station of Yunnan Dianchi, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Wetland Conservation, Restoration and Ecological Services, College of Wetlands, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; National Plateau Wetlands Research Center, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; National Wetland Ecosystem Fixed Research Station of Yunnan Dianchi, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
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13
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Pandey N, Verma R, Patnaik S, Anbumani S. Abundance, characteristics, and risk assessment of microplastics in indigenous freshwater fishes of India. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 218:115011. [PMID: 36502908 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) pollution has pressing concerns regarding environmental health and the availability of safe food for humans. Information on the occurrence of MP in freshwater biota in the Indian scenario is currently lacking. The present study examined MP contamination in edible and non-edible tissues of widely consumed freshwater fishes. All the fish species (n = 35/species) analyzed had microplastic contamination with the highest MP abundance of 7.86 ± 2.0 items/individual in Channa punctatus followed by Labeo rohita (4.17 ± 0.6 items/individual) and Labeo bata (3.03 ± 0.4 items/individual); whereas MP abundance in small indigenous fishes (SIF) such as Salmostoma bacaila and Puntius amphibius accounts for 0.83 ± 0.13 and 0.77 ± 0.2 items/individual respectively. The principal component analysis results showed a 77.434% variance from two components identified for MP distribution. Fibre type MP was the most dominant type besides fragments and pellets that opined the type of MP required for ecotoxicity assessment, the need of the hour. Raman spectroscopy analysis confirms high-density and low-density polyethylene-type polymers. Evidence of MP in edible tissue indicates the translocation phenomenon resulting in human exposure through the consumption of biota contaminated with MP. Risk assessment revealed a low risk of MP based on its abundance while polymer type indicates a high risk for the fish species investigated. A thorough investigation of the level of adsorbed organic contaminants in the MP is warranted to address the interactive effects on biota. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first detailed report on MP contamination and its risk assessment in Indian freshwater fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Pandey
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow - 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rahul Verma
- Water Analysis Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow-226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Satyakam Patnaik
- Water Analysis Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow-226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sadasivam Anbumani
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow - 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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14
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Chen Q, Gao Z, Wang K, Magnuson JT, Chen Y, Li M, Shi H, Xu L. High accumulation of microplastic fibers in fish hindgut induces an enhancement of triphenyl phosphate hydroxylation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 317:120804. [PMID: 36470455 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fiber shedding from artificial textiles is among the primary sources of pervasive microplastics in various aquatic habitats. To avoid molten drop burning, triphenyl phosphate (TPhP), a typical flame retardant additive, is commonly incorporated into textile fibers. However, the role of microplastic fibers (MFs) as a vehicle for TPhP remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of MFs on the bioaccumulation and metabolism of TPhP in zebrafish. We applied the compound spinning technique for a non-disruptive in situ measurement of fluorescent MFs in fish, and the desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) to display the tissue distribution of TPhP and its metabolites vividly. Laboratory results showed that ingested MFs did not change the TPhP distribution in fish; however, they statistically increased the metabolite p-OH-TPhP concentration in the fish hindgut, which was probably because the high accumulation of MFs there enhanced the TPhP hydroxylation. Field investigation further supported the lab-based analyses. Higher concentrations of MFs did cause a higher ratio of [p-OH-TPhP]/[TPhP] in the wild fish gut, particularly in the hindgut. Collectively, our results demonstrated that MFs can change the distribution and bioavailability of TPhP metabolites, which was confirmed by both laboratory and fieldwork. Therefore, the ingestion of MFs can indirectly but substantially influence the bioaccumulation and biotransformation of co-existing pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhuo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Jason T Magnuson
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, 4021, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Yuye Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Mingyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Huahong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Li Xu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China.
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Bilal M, Ul Hassan H, Siddique MAM, Khan W, Gabol K, Ullah I, Sultana S, Abdali U, Mahboob S, Khan MS, Atique U, Khubaib M, Arai T. Microplastics in the Surface Water and Gastrointestinal Tract of Salmo trutta from the Mahodand Lake, Kalam Swat in Pakistan. TOXICS 2022; 11:toxics11010003. [PMID: 36668729 PMCID: PMC9865100 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic pollution is becoming an increasingly severe environmental problem. As compared to the marine ecosystem, freshwater ecosystems at high-altitude, remote regions are less studied and lag far behind. Thus, the present study aims to highlight this issue and fill the gap in this regard. The presence of microplastics (MPs) in the surface water and the gastrointestinal tracts (GITs) of brown trout (Salmo trutta) from Lake Mahodand, Kalam Swat, Pakistan, at a high altitude of 2865 m above sea level was investigated. For microplastic extraction, samples were digested with H2O2, NaCl solution was added for density separation, and then samples were filtered with a cellulose nitrate filter (pore size 0.45 µ). After this, visual observation and polymer detection with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, microplastics were characterized by their shapes, sizes, colors, and polymer types. In the surface water sample, MP particles were found in the range of 0−5 MPs/L, where the mean concentration of MPs was 2.3 ± 1.52 MPs/L and 1.7 ± 1.05 MPs/gastrointestinal tract (GIT) isolated from the GIT of brown trout. Particles of relatively larger size (500−300 µm) were more abundant than other ranges of particles (300−150 and 150−50 µm) in the surface water and fish samples. The fiber was the most abundant shape of MP particles, followed by sheets and fragments in surface water and fish samples (fibers > sheets > fragments). Four types of polymer viz. low-density polyethylene (LDPE) (44.4%), polypropylene homopolymer (PPH) (19.4%), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) (30.5%), and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) (5.5%) were detected by FTIR spectroscopy. The findings of the present study showed that MPs reached into higher altitudes in remote areas due to tourism activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Habib Ul Hassan
- Department of Zoology, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
- Fisheries Development Board, Ministry of National Food Security and Research, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | | | - Wali Khan
- Department of Zoology, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Pakistan
| | - Karim Gabol
- Department of Zoology, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Imran Ullah
- Fisheries Development Board, Ministry of National Food Security and Research, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Saira Sultana
- Dr. A. Q. Khan Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Umaiya Abdali
- Dr. A. Q. Khan Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Mahboob
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Usman Atique
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Biological Systems, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Khubaib
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Takaomi Arai
- Environmental and Life Sciences Programme, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE 1410, Brunei
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16
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Cera A, Sighicelli M, Sodo A, Lecce F, Menegoni P, Scalici M. Microplastics distribution and possible ingestion by fish in lacustrine waters (Lake Bracciano, Italy). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:68179-68190. [PMID: 35538341 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20403-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the spatial distribution patterns of microplastics (plastics < 5 mm) contributes to the assessment of sources and sinks of pollution thus providing information for the management of biota safety and overall ecosystem functionality. We chose a semi-closed study area, Lake Bracciano (Italy), to assess the environmental variability of contamination, focusing on the water compartment and the exposure of biota, specifically fish, by analysing the ingestion of microplastics. The focus of this study is to evaluate the concentration of microplastics in water (surface and column) across the lake and the ingestion of microplastics by two fish species of economic interest: Atherina boyeri and Coregonus lavaretus, inhabiting demersal and pelagic habitats respectively. Results show a surface contamination of 392,000 ± 417,000 items km-2 and a column one of 0.76 ± 1.00 items m-3. Fragments were the most abundant in surface while fibres in the column. Microplastics were found in C. lavaretus specimens, corresponding to contamination frequency of 5% and concentration of 0.15 items/fish. The main polymer found in water was polyethylene (81%); of minor percentages, there were various other polymers, including polystyrene and acrylic, which were also found in fish. As scientific literature provides few research where water and fish are simultaneously sampled, this investigation wants to contribute filling this knowledge gap by investigating for the first time a volcanic lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Cera
- Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Sighicelli
- Department for Sustainability (SSPT), ENEA, C.R, Casaccia-Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Armida Sodo
- Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Lecce
- Department for Sustainability (SSPT), ENEA, C.R, Casaccia-Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Menegoni
- Department for Sustainability (SSPT), ENEA, C.R, Casaccia-Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Scalici
- Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
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Fiore L, Serranti S, Mazziotti C, Riccardi E, Benzi M, Bonifazi G. Classification and distribution of freshwater microplastics along the Italian Po river by hyperspectral imaging. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:48588-48606. [PMID: 35195863 PMCID: PMC9252960 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18501-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, freshwater microplastic samples collected from four different stations along the Italian Po river were characterized in terms of abundance, distribution, category, morphological and morphometrical features, and polymer type. The correlation between microplastic category and polymer type was also evaluated. Polymer identification was carried out developing and implementing a new and effective hierarchical classification logic applied to hyperspectral images acquired in the short-wave infrared range (SWIR: 1000-2500 nm). Results showed that concentration of microplastics ranged from 1.89 to 8.22 particles/m3, the most abundant category was fragment, followed by foam, granule, pellet, and filament and the most diffused polymers were expanded polystyrene followed by polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyamide, polyethylene terephthalate and polyvinyl chloride, with some differences in polymer distribution among stations. The application of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) as a rapid and non-destructive method to classify freshwater microplastics for environmental monitoring represents a completely innovative approach in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Fiore
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials & Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Serranti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials & Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Rome, Italy.
| | - Cristina Mazziotti
- ARPAE, Regional Agency for Environmental Prevention and Energy of Emilia-Romagna, Oceanographic Unit Daphne - V. le Vespucci 2, 47042, Cesenatico, FC, Italy
| | - Elena Riccardi
- ARPAE, Regional Agency for Environmental Prevention and Energy of Emilia-Romagna, Oceanographic Unit Daphne - V. le Vespucci 2, 47042, Cesenatico, FC, Italy
| | - Margherita Benzi
- ARPAE, Regional Agency for Environmental Prevention and Energy of Emilia-Romagna, Oceanographic Unit Daphne - V. le Vespucci 2, 47042, Cesenatico, FC, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bonifazi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials & Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Rome, Italy
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A Meta-Analysis of the Characterisations of Plastic Ingested by Fish Globally. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10040186. [PMID: 35448447 PMCID: PMC9027263 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10040186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Plastic contamination in the environment is common but the characterisation of plastic ingested by fish in different environments is lacking. Hence, a meta-analysis was conducted to identify the prevalence of plastic ingested by fish globally. Based on a qualitative analysis of plastic size, it was determined that small microplastics (<1 mm) are predominantly ingested by fish globally. Furthermore, our meta-analysis revealed that plastic fibres (70.6%) and fragments (19.3%) were the most prevalent plastic components ingested by fish, while blue (24.2%) and black (18.0%) coloured plastic were the most abundant. Polyethylene (15.7%) and polyester (11.6%) were the most abundant polymers. Mixed-effect models were employed to identify the effects of the moderators (sampling environment, plastic size, digestive organs examined, and sampling continents) on the prevalence of plastic shape, colour, and polymer type. Among the moderators, only the sampling environment and continent contributed to a significant difference between subgroups in plastic shape and polymer type.
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