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Zhang Q, Li Y, Kroeze C, Xu W, Gai L, Vitsas M, Ma L, Zhang F, Strokal M. A global assessment of glyphosate and AMPA inputs into rivers: Over half of the pollutants are from corn and soybean production. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 261:121986. [PMID: 38924948 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Glyphosate is widely used in agriculture for weed control; however, it may pollute water systems with its by-product, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA). Therefore, a better understanding of the flows of glyphosate and AMPA from soils into rivers is required. We developed the spatially explicit MARINA-Pesticides model to estimate the annual inputs of glyphosate and AMPA into rivers, considering 10 crops in 10,226 sub-basins globally for 2020. Our model results show that, globally, 880 tonnes of glyphosate and 4,090 tonnes of AMPA entered rivers. This implies that 82 % of the river inputs were from AMPA, with glyphosate accounting for the remainder. Over half of AMPA and glyphosate in rivers globally originated from corn and soybean production; however, there were differences among sub-basins. Asian sub-basins accounted for over half of glyphosate in rivers globally, with the contribution from corn production being dominant. South American sub-basins accounted for approximately two-thirds of AMPA in rivers globally, originating largely from soybean production. Our findings constitute a reference for implementing and supporting effective control strategies to achieve Sustainable Development Goals 2 and 6 (food production and clean water, respectively) simultaneously in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, China; Earth Systems and Global Change group, Environmental Sciences Department, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Yanan Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, China; Earth Systems and Global Change group, Environmental Sciences Department, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Carolien Kroeze
- Earth Systems and Global Change group, Environmental Sciences Department, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wen Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, China.
| | - Lingtong Gai
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Miltiadis Vitsas
- Earth Systems and Global Change group, Environmental Sciences Department, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hebei, China
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, China
| | - Maryna Strokal
- Earth Systems and Global Change group, Environmental Sciences Department, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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2
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Pizzini S, Giubilato E, Morabito E, Barbaro E, Bonetto A, Calgaro L, Feltracco M, Semenzin E, Vecchiato M, Zangrando R, Gambaro A, Marcomini A. Contaminants of emerging concern in water and sediment of the Venice Lagoon, Italy. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 249:118401. [PMID: 38331156 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates for the first time the contamination of water and sediment of the Venice Lagoon by twenty Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs): three hormones, six pharmaceutical compounds (diclofenac and five antibiotics, three of which are macrolides), nine pesticides (methiocarb, oxadiazon, metaflumizone, triallate, and five neonicotinoids), one antioxidant (BHT), and one UV filter (EHMC). Water and sediment samples were collected in seven sites in four seasons, with the aim of investigating the occurrence, distribution, and possible emission sources of the selected CECs in the studied transitional environment. The most frequently detected contaminants in water were neonicotinoid insecticides (with a frequency of quantification of single contaminants ranging from 73% to 92%), and EHMC (detected in the 77% of samples), followed by BHT (42%), diclofenac (39%), and clarithromycin (35%). In sediment the highest quantification frequencies were those of BHT (54%), estrogens (ranging from 35% to 65%), and azithromycin (46%). Although this baseline study does not highlight seasonal or spatial trends, results suggested that two of the major emission sources of CECs in the Venice Lagoon could be tributary rivers from its drainage basin and treated wastewater, due to the limited removal rates of some CECs in WWTPs. These preliminary results call for further investigations to better map priority emission sources and improve the understanding of CECs environmental behavior, with the final aim of drawing up a site-specific Watch List of CECs for the Venice Lagoon and support the design of more comprehensive monitoring plans in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Pizzini
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy; Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-IRBIM), Largo Fiera della Pesca, 2, 60125, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Elisa Giubilato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Elisa Morabito
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Elena Barbaro
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Alessandro Bonetto
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Loris Calgaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Matteo Feltracco
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Elena Semenzin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Marco Vecchiato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Roberta Zangrando
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Antonio Marcomini
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
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3
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Campanale C, Triozzi M, Losacco D, Ragonese A, Massarelli C. Assessing glyphosate and AMPA pesticides in the Ofanto River waters and sediments. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 202:116376. [PMID: 38636342 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
In the present study, we determined glyphosate (GPS) and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in the water and sediments of the Ofanto River (Italy), evaluating their transport from the mouth to the sea. Sediments were collected twice in 2021 during low and high tide; waters were sampled on a seasonal basis. The results showed the prevalence of GPS and AMPA in the water with concentrations equal to 190 and 3053 ng/l, respectively. We also found GPS and AMPA in the sediments with values of 0.95 and 11.34 ng/g. In water, pesticides were detected in all seasons with peaks in concentrations during summer and spring. A significant positive correlation between the pesticides in the sediments and the water pH and a negative correlation with salinity was observed. An estimation of the average loads revealed a discharge of 64.11 kg/yr. of GPS and 958.37 kg/yr. of AMPA from the river to the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Campanale
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Supeiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| | - Mariangela Triozzi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Ricerca Sulle Acque (IRSA), Bari, Italy
| | - Daniela Losacco
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Ricerca Sulle Acque (IRSA), Bari, Italy
| | - Annamaria Ragonese
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Ricerca Sulle Acque (IRSA), Bari, Italy
| | - Carmine Massarelli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Ricerca Sulle Acque (IRSA), Bari, Italy
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4
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de J Bastidas-Bastidas P, Cabrera R, Valenzuela-Quintanar AI, Olmeda-Rubio C, González-Mendoza VM, Perea-Domínguez XP, González-Márquez LC, Del C Salvatierra-Stamp V, Leyva-Morales JB. Validation and Application of UPLC-MS/MS Method to Analysis of Glyphosate and its Metabolites in Water. J Chromatogr Sci 2024; 62:364-371. [PMID: 37350498 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmad045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
A method was developed to determine glyphosate and their metabolites in water. The widespread use of this herbicide in agricultural activities worldwide, despite the reported adverse effects on both the environment and health, is a cause for concern and makes it necessary to monitor its presence through a method that guarantees the determination at trace levels. A direct extraction of the analytes with phosphate buffer was performed with subsequent derivatization with 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate. The quantification was determined by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer. The method was validated through the following parameters: selectivity, detection and quantification limits, linearity, accuracy, precision and uncertainty. The average recoveries ranged between 94.08 and 103.31%. Additionally, detection limits from 0.396 to 0.433 μg/L, and the quantification limit was 5.0 μg/L for all the analytes evaluated. In terms of linearity and precision, the results obtained were in the ranges considered adequate (R2 ≥ 0.99 and CV ≤ 20%), the estimated expanded uncertainty was 12.95, 11.15 and 13.83% for glyphosate, aminomethylphosphonic acid and glufosinate, respectively. This method was successfully applied for the determination of the target analytes in irrigation water samples, detecting concentrations of aminomethylphosphonic acid over limit detection for some sampling sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro de J Bastidas-Bastidas
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera a Eldorado Km. 5.5 Campo el Diez, Culiacán, C.P. 80110 Sinaloa, México
| | - Rosina Cabrera
- Conahcyt-Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Unidad Regional Hidalgo, Distrito de Educación, Salud, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación de Hidalgo, Blvd. Santa Catarina, San Agustín Tlaxiaca, Hidalgo, C.P. 42163, Mexico
| | - Ana I Valenzuela-Quintanar
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46 Colonia La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora C.P. 83304, México
| | - Claudia Olmeda-Rubio
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera a Eldorado Km. 5.5 Campo el Diez, Culiacán, C.P. 80110 Sinaloa, México
| | - Victor M González-Mendoza
- Conahcyt-Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Unidad Regional Hidalgo, Distrito de Educación, Salud, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación de Hidalgo, Blvd. Santa Catarina,San Agustín Tlaxiaca, Hidalgo, C.P. 42163, Mexico
| | - Xiomara P Perea-Domínguez
- Doctorado en Sustentabilidad, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Unidad Regional Guasave, Av Universidad S/N, Fraccionamiento Villa Universidad, Guasave, Sinaloa C.P. 81048, México
| | - Luis C González-Márquez
- Doctorado en Sustentabilidad, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Unidad Regional Guasave, Av Universidad S/N, Fraccionamiento Villa Universidad, Guasave, Sinaloa C.P. 81048, México
| | - Vilma Del C Salvatierra-Stamp
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, Carretera Colima-Coquimatlán km 9, Coquimatlán, Colima C.P. 28400, México
| | - José B Leyva-Morales
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad (CIRENYS), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Avenida Viel 1497, Santiago de C.P. 8370993, Chile
- Universidad Politécnica del Mar y la Sierra. Carretera a Potrerillos del Norote km.3, La Cruz, Elota, Sinaloa C.P. 82700, Mexico
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5
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Evalen PS, Barnhardt EN, Ryu J, Stahlschmidt ZR. Toxicity of glyphosate to animals: A meta-analytical approach. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 347:123669. [PMID: 38460584 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLY)-based herbicides (GBHs) are the most commonly applied pesticide worldwide, and non-target organisms (e.g., animals) are now regularly exposed to GLY and GBHs due to the accumulation of these chemicals in many environments. Although GLY/GBH was previously considered to be non-toxic, growing evidence indicates that GLY/GBH negatively affects some animal taxa. However, there has been no systematic analysis quantifying its toxicity to animals. Therefore, we used a meta-analytical approach to determine whether there is a demonstrable effect of GLY/GBH toxicity across animals. We further addressed whether the effects of GLY/GBH vary due to (1) taxon (invertebrate vs. vertebrate), (2) habitat (aquatic vs. terrestrial), (3) type of biological response (behavior vs. physiology vs. survival), and (4) dosage or concentration of GLY/GBH. Using this approach, we also determined whether adjuvants (e.g., surfactants) in commercial formulations of GBHs increased toxicity for animals relative to exposure to GLY alone. We analyzed 1282 observations from 121 articles. We conclude that GLY is generally sub-lethally toxic for animals, particularly for animals in aquatic or marine habitats, and that toxicity did not exhibit dose-dependency. Yet, our analyses detected evidence for widespread publication bias so we encourage continued experimental investigations to better understand factors influencing GLY/GBH toxicity to animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Evalen
- University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USA; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - J Ryu
- University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USA
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6
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Furtak A, Szafranek-Nakonieczna A, Furtak K, Pytlak A. A review of organophosphonates, their natural and anthropogenic sources, environmental fate and impact on microbial greenhouse gases emissions - Identifying knowledge gaps. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 355:120453. [PMID: 38430886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Organophosphonates (OPs) are a unique group of natural and synthetic compounds, characterised by the presence of a stable, hard-to-cleave bond between the carbon and phosphorus atoms. OPs exhibit high resistance to abiotic degradation, excellent chelating properties and high biological activity. Despite the huge and increasing scale of OP production and use worldwide, little is known about their transportation and fate in the environment. Available data are dominated by information concerning the most recognised organophosphonate - the herbicide glyphosate - while other OPs have received little attention. In this paper, a comprehensive review of the current state of knowledge about natural and artificial OPs is presented (including glyphosate). Based on the available literature, a number of knowledge gaps have been identified that need to be filled in order to understand the environmental effects of these abundant compounds. Special attention has been given to GHG-related processes, with a particular focus on CH4. This stems from the recent discovery of OP-dependent CH4 production in aqueous environments under aerobic conditions. The process has changed the perception of the biogeochemical cycle of CH4, since it was previously thought that biological methane formation was only possible under anaerobic conditions. However, there is a lack of knowledge on whether OP-associated methane is also formed in soils. Moreover, it remains unclear whether anthropogenic OPs affect the CH4 cycle, a concern of significant importance in the context of the increasing rate of global warming. The literature examined in this review also calls for additional research into the date of OPs in waste and sewage and in their impact on environmental microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Furtak
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Szafranek-Nakonieczna
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology of Microorganisms, Institute of Medical Sciences, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1 I, 20-708, Lublin, Poland
| | - Karolina Furtak
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute, Krańcowa 8, INCBR Centre, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - Anna Pytlak
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290, Lublin, Poland.
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Wang C, Zhang H, Wang J, Sprecher B, Lin S. Glyphosate (Roundup) as phosphorus nutrient enhances carbon and nitrogen accumulation and up-regulates phosphorus metabolisms in the haptophyte Isochrysis galbana. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169715. [PMID: 38160825 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Inorganic phosphate limitation for phytoplankton may be intensified with water stratification by global warming, and with the increasing nitrogen: phosphorus (N:P) ratio in coastal zones resulting from continuous anthropogenic N overloading. Under these circumstances, phytoplankton's ability to use dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) will give species a competitive advantage. In our previous study, we have shown that the haptophyte Isochrysis galbana can use glyphosate (Roundup) as a P nutrient source to support growth, but the mechanism of how remains unexplored. Here, we show that three genes encoding PhnC (IgPhnCs), which exhibit up-regulated expression in glyphosate-grown cultures, are probably responsible for glyphosate uptake, while homologs of PhnK and PhnL (IgPhnK and IgPhnL) probably provide auxiliary support for the intracellular degradation of glyphosate. Meanwhile, we found the use efficiency of glyphosate was low compared with phosphate, probably because glyphosate uptake and hydrolysis cost energy and because glyphosate induces oxidative stress in I. galbana. Meanwhile, genes encoding 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase, the target of the herbicide, were up-regulated in glyphosate cultures. Furthermore, our data showed the up-regulation of P metabolisms (transcription) in glyphosate-grown cultures, which further induced the up-regulation of nitrate/nitrite transport and biosynthesis of some amino acids. Meanwhile, glyphosate-grown cells accumulated more C and N, resulting in remarkably high C:N:P ratio, and this, along with the up-regulated P metabolisms, was under transcriptional and epigenetic regulation. This study sheds lights on the mechanism of glyphosate utilization as a source of P nutrient by I. galbana, and these findings have biogeochemical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT, United States of America
| | - Jingtian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Brittany Sprecher
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT, United States of America
| | - Senjie Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT, United States of America.
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8
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Trinh PB, Schäfer AI. Removal of glyphosate (GLY) and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) by ultrafiltration with permeate-side polymer-based spherical activated carbon (UF-PBSAC). WATER RESEARCH 2024; 250:121021. [PMID: 38218047 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.121021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLY) is the most commonly used herbicide worldwide, and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) is one of its main metabolites. GLY and AMPA are toxic to humans, and their complex physicochemical properties present challenges in their removal from water. Several technologies have been applied to remove GLY and AMPA such as adsorption, filtration, and degradation with varied efficiencies. In previous works, an ultrafiltration membrane with permeate-side polymer-based spherical activated carbon (UF-PBSAC) showed the feasibility of removing uncharged micropollutants via adsorption in a flow-through configuration. The same UF-PBSAC was investigated for GLY and AMPA adsorption to assess the removal of charged and lower molecular weight micropollutants. The results indicated that both surface area and hydraulic residence time were limiting factors in GLY/AMPA adsorption by UF-PBSAC. The higher external surface of PBSAC with strong affinity for GLY and AMPA showed higher removal in a dynamic process where the hydraulic residence time was short (tens of seconds). Extending hydraulic residence times (hundreds of seconds) resulted in higher GLY/AMPA removal by allowing GLY/AMPA to diffuse into the PBSAC pores and reach more surfaces. Enhancement was achieved by minimising both limiting factors (external surface and hydraulic residence time) with a low flux of 25 L/m2.h, increased PBSAC layer of 6 mm, and small PBSAC particle size of 78 µm. With this configuration, UF-PBSAC could remove 98 % of GLY and 95 % of AMPA from an initial concentration of 1000 ng/L at pH 8.2 ± 0.2 and meet European Union (EU) regulation for herbicides (100 ng/L for individuals and 500 ng/L for total herbicides). The results implied that UF-PBSAC was able to remove charged micropollutants to the required levels and had potential for application in wastewater treatment and water reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong B Trinh
- Institute for Advanced Membrane Technology (IAMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Andrea I Schäfer
- Institute for Advanced Membrane Technology (IAMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany.
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9
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Ferrante M, Rapisarda P, Grasso A, Favara C, Oliveri Conti G. Glyphosate and environmental toxicity with "One Health" approach, a review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 235:116678. [PMID: 37459948 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The herbicide Glyphosate (GLY), or N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine was synthesized in 1950 and applied to control weeds in agricultural production. For a long time, it was believed that it was an inert compound, but many studies have instead demonstrated over the years the dangers of GLY to the ecosystem and human health. Among the best-known effects, it is known that GLY interferes with the metabolic pathways of plants and the main groups of microorganisms, negatively influencing their growth. GLY interferes with the metabolic pathways of plants and major groups of microorganisms negatively affecting their growth. The extensive GLY application on fields results in a "slow death" of plants through the minor resistance to root pathogens and in increasing pollution of freshwaters and soils. Unfortunately, however, unlike the old beliefs, GLY can reach non-target destinations, in this regard, ecological studies and environmental epidemiology are of significant interest. In this review, we focus on the effects of acute and chronic exposure to GLY on the health of plants, animals, and humans from a One Health perspective. GLY has been linked to neurological and endocrine issues in both humans and animals, and behavioral modification on specific bioindicators, but the knowledge about the ratio cause-and-effect still needs to be better understood and elucidated. Environmental GLY residues analysis and policy acts will both require new criteria to protect environmental and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Ferrante
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratory (LIAA), Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technology "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy; International Society of Doctors for Environments - ISDE, Catania Section, Italy
| | - Paola Rapisarda
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratory (LIAA), Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technology "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy; International Society of Doctors for Environments - ISDE, Catania Section, Italy
| | - Alfina Grasso
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratory (LIAA), Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technology "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy; International Society of Doctors for Environments - ISDE, Catania Section, Italy
| | - Claudia Favara
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratory (LIAA), Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technology "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy; International Society of Doctors for Environments - ISDE, Catania Section, Italy; Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Gea Oliveri Conti
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratory (LIAA), Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technology "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy; International Society of Doctors for Environments - ISDE, Catania Section, Italy.
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10
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Chowdhury A, Rahman MS. Molecular and biochemical biomarkers in the American oyster Crassostrea virginica exposed to herbicide Roundup® at high temperature. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:94757-94778. [PMID: 37540412 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28862-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic organisms are frequently exposed to various environmental stressors. Thus, the effects of high temperatures and herbicides on aquatic organisms are a major subject of interest. In this study, we studied the effects of short-term exposure (1 week) to Roundup®, a glyphosate-based herbicide (concentrations: 0.5 and 5 µg/L), on the morphology of gills, digestive glands, and connective tissues, and the expression of heat shock protein-70 (HSP70, a chaperone protein), cytochrome P450 (CYP450, a biomarker of environmental contaminants), dinitrophenyl protein (DNP, a biomarker of protein oxidation), nitrotyrosine protein (NTP, a biomarker of protein nitration), antioxidant enzymes such as superoxidase dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in tissues of American oyster, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791) maintained at high temperature (30 °C). Histological analyses showed an increase in mucous production in the gills and digestive glands, and in hemocyte aggregation in the connective tissues as well as a structural change of lumen in the digestive glands of oysters exposed to Roundup. Immunohistochemical and quantitative RT-PCR analyses showed significant (P < 0.05) increases in HSP70, CYP450, DNP, NTP, CAT, and SOD mRNA and protein expressions in the tissues of oysters exposed to Roundup. Taken together, these results suggest that exposure to Roundup at high temperature induces overproduction of reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species which in turn leads to altered prooxidant-antioxidant activity in oyster tissues. Moreover, our results provide new information on protein oxidation/nitration and antioxidant-dependent mechanisms for HSP70 and CYP450 regulations in oysters exposed to Roundup at high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsana Chowdhury
- School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Md Saydur Rahman
- School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA.
- School of Integrative Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1 West University Blvd, TX, 78520, Brownsville, USA.
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11
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Muñoz JP, Silva-Pavez E, Carrillo-Beltrán D, Calaf GM. Occurrence and exposure assessment of glyphosate in the environment and its impact on human beings. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116201. [PMID: 37209985 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum and one of the most widely used herbicides in the world, which has led to its high environmental dissemination. In 2015, the International Agency for Research on Cancer stated that glyphosate was a probable human carcinogen. Since then, several studies have provided new data about the environmental exposure of glyphosate and its consequences on human health. Thus, the carcinogenic effects of glyphosate are still under debate. This work aimed to review glyphosate occurrence and exposure since 2015 up to date, considering studies associated with either environmental or occupational exposure and the epidemiological assessment of cancer risk in humans. These articles showed that herbicide residues were detectable in all spheres of the earth and studies on the population showed an increase in the concentration of glyphosate in biofluids, both in the general population and in the occupationally exposed population. However, the epidemiological studies under review provided limited evidence for the carcinogenicity of glyphosate, which was consistent with the International Agency for Research on Cancer classification as a probable carcinogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan P Muñoz
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile.
| | - Eduardo Silva-Pavez
- Facultad de Odontología y Ciencias de La Rehabilitación, Universidad San Sebastián, Bellavista, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Carrillo-Beltrán
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, 5090000, Chile
| | - Gloria M Calaf
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
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12
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Li D, Huang W, Huang R. Analysis of environmental pollutants using ion chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 458:131952. [PMID: 37399723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
The rise of emerging pollutants in the current environment and requirements of trace analysis in complex substrates pose challenges to modern analytical techniques. Ion chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (IC-MS) is the preferred tool for analyzing emerging pollutants due to its excellent separation ability for polar and ionic compounds with small molecular weight and high detection sensitivity and selectivity. This paper reviews the progress of sample preparation and ion-exchange IC-MS methods in the analysis of several major categories of environmental polar and ionic pollutants including perchlorate, inorganic and organic phosphorus compounds, metalloids and heavy metals, polar pesticides, and disinfection by-products in past two decades. The comparison of various methods to reduce the influence of matrix effect and improve the accuracy and sensitivity of analysis are emphasized throughout the process from sample preparation to instrumental analysis. Furthermore, the human health risks of these pollutants in the environment with natural concentration levels in different environmental medias are also briefly discussed to raise public attention. Finally, the future challenges of IC-MS for analysis of environmental pollutants are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dazhen Li
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Universities on Environmental Science and Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Weixiong Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, Hubei, China.
| | - Rongfu Huang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Universities on Environmental Science and Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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13
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de Batista DG, de Batista EG, Miragem AA, Ludwig MS, Heck TG. Disturbance of cellular calcium homeostasis plays a pivotal role in glyphosate-based herbicide-induced oxidative stress. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:9082-9102. [PMID: 36441326 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24361-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) are the most worldwide used pesticides. The wide application of GBHs contaminates the soil and, consequently, water and food resources reaching human consumption. GBHs induce oxidative stress in non-target organisms, leading to a pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic cellular status, promoting tissue dysfunction and, thus, metabolic and neurobehavioral changes. This review presents evidence of oxidative damage induced by GBHs and the mechanism of cell damage and health consequences. To summarize, exposure to GBHs may induce disorders in calcium homeostasis related to the activation of ion channels. Also, alterations in pathways related to redox state regulation must have a primordial role in oxidative stress caused by GBHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diovana Gelati de Batista
- Research Group in Physiology, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande Do Sul State, Rio Grande Do Sul State, Ijuí, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande Do Sul State, Rio Grande Do Sul State, Ijuí, Brazil.
- Research Group in Cell Stress Response, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology Farroupilha, Rio Grande Do Sul State, Santa Rosa, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Mathematical and Computational Modeling, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande Do Sul State, Rio Grande Do Sul State, Ijuí, Brazil.
| | - Edivania Gelati de Batista
- Research Group in Cell Stress Response, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology Farroupilha, Rio Grande Do Sul State, Santa Rosa, Brazil
| | - Antônio Azambuja Miragem
- Research Group in Cell Stress Response, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology Farroupilha, Rio Grande Do Sul State, Santa Rosa, Brazil
| | - Mirna Stela Ludwig
- Research Group in Physiology, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande Do Sul State, Rio Grande Do Sul State, Ijuí, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande Do Sul State, Rio Grande Do Sul State, Ijuí, Brazil
| | - Thiago Gomes Heck
- Research Group in Physiology, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande Do Sul State, Rio Grande Do Sul State, Ijuí, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande Do Sul State, Rio Grande Do Sul State, Ijuí, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Mathematical and Computational Modeling, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande Do Sul State, Rio Grande Do Sul State, Ijuí, Brazil
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14
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Wathsala RHGR, Folgueras EC, Iuffrida L, Candela M, Gotti R, Fiori J, Franzellitti S. Glyphosate and its breakdown product AMPA elicit cytoprotective responses in haemocytes of the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 96:103997. [PMID: 36216252 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of glyphosate (GLY) and its metabolite AMPA on cytoprotective and detoxification mechanisms in haemocytes of Mytilus galloprovincialis. Cells were treated in vitro with 0.1 and 1.0 µg/L GLY, 0.1 µg/L, 0.1 and 1.0 µg/L AMPA, or two mixtures GLY+AMPA (0.1 µg/L GLY + 0.1 µg/L AMPA, 1.0 µg/L GLY + 1.0 µg/L AMPA). GLY and AMPA increased MXR efflux activity and modulated expression of the ABCB transcript encoding a MXR related ABC transporter P-glycoprotein. The mixtures GLY+AMPA reduced efflux activity with ABCB down-regulation (at 1 µg/L GLY/AMPA). Modulation of lysosomal and immune related transcripts generally agree with known effects of the chemicals on these physiological functions. Given their cumulative action as chemosensitizers of the MXR system, and their interactive effects on haemocyte parameters, glyphosate and AMPA at environmental concentrations should be addressed as a concern factor for the biological vulnerability of marine habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajapaksha Haddokara Gedara Rasika Wathsala
- Animal and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy; Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
| | - Elena Catasús Folgueras
- Animal and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Letizia Iuffrida
- Animal and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Fano, Italy
| | - Marco Candela
- Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Fano, Italy; Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Gotti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jessica Fiori
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Franzellitti
- Animal and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Fano, Italy.
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15
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Wang K, Geng Y, Dong Z, Pan X, Wu X, Xu J, Gao H, Dong F, Zheng Y. Simultaneous determination of glyphosate, glufosinate ammonium and their metabolites in maize and soybean by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:3850-3858. [PMID: 36128953 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01298g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate and glufosinate ammonium are non-selective, broad spectrum herbicides for controlling grasses in agriculture and forestry. Rapid and sensitive analytical methods for effective monitoring and subsequent risk control of glyphosate and glufosinate ammonium and their metabolites in crops are not available. In this paper, an analytical method for the simultaneous determination of glyphosate, glufosinate ammonium, and their metabolites in maize and soybean by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was established. The seven compounds were well separated on an anion exchange analytical column within 10 min, with the mean recoveries of the target compounds ranging from 78.2 to 110.9%. The method showed good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9819) with a limit of quantification for glyphosate, glufosinate ammonium, and their metabolites of 0.01 mg kg-1 in both maize and soybean. The method simplifies and expedites the sample preparation procedures, overcomes the traditional disadvantages including derivatization, weak retention, and low sensitivity, and has been successfully validated in actual maize and soybean samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yue Geng
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, China.
| | - Zhe Dong
- Syngenta Group China, Beijing, China
| | - Xinglu Pan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiaohu Wu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jun Xu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Haixiang Gao
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fengshou Dong
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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16
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Feng P, Dai M, Yang J, Wang Y, Mao T, Su W, Li F, Sun H, Wei J, Li B. Effects of glyphosate on the growth, development, and physiological functions of silkworm, Bombyx mori. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 111:e21919. [PMID: 35637636 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is an herbicide widely used worldwide, but whether it is safe to nontarget organisms is controversial. In this study, the lepidopteran model insect silkworm was used to investigate the effects of glyphosate residues. The LC50 (72 h) of glyphosate on silkworm was determined to be 14875.98 mg/L, and after exposure to glyphosate at 2975.20 mg/L (a concentration comparable to that used for weed control in mulberry fields), silkworm growth was inhibited by 9.00%, total cocoon weight was lowered by 10.53%, feed digestibility was decreased by 7.56%, and the activities of alpha-amylase and trypsin were reduced by 10.41% and 21.32%, respectively. Pathological analysis revealed that glyphosate exposure led to significantly damaged midgut, along with thinner basal layer, shedding microvilli, blurred cytoplasmic membrane, and appearance of vacuoles. Exposure to glyphosate also led to accumulation of peroxides in the intestinal tissue; the messenger RNA transcription of SOD, Cu/Zn-SOD, and Mn-SOD was all significantly upregulated by glyphosate treatment for 24 h, while CAT transcription was increased at 24, 48, and 72 h. The activity of SOD was increased significantly at 24 h, while significant activity changes were observed for CAT at 72 and 96 h. These results indicated that exposure to glyphosate caused oxidative stress in the midgut of silkworm and affected the midgut's physiological function. This study provides important insights in evaluating the impact of glyphosate residues in the environment on nontarget organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piao Feng
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minli Dai
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin Yang
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanfei Wang
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingting Mao
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wujie Su
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fanchi Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Sericulture Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haina Sun
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Sericulture Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Wei
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Sericulture Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Sericulture Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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17
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Pesticide Pollution: Detrimental Outcomes and Possible Mechanisms of Fish Exposure to Common Organophosphates and Triazines. J Xenobiot 2022; 12:236-265. [PMID: 36135714 PMCID: PMC9500960 DOI: 10.3390/jox12030018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pesticides are well known for their high levels of persistence and ubiquity in the environment, and because of their capacity to bioaccumulate and disrupt the food chain, they pose a risk to animals and humans. With a focus on organophosphate and triazine pesticides, the present review aims to describe the current state of knowledge regarding spatial distribution, bioaccumulation, and mode of action of frequently used pesticides. We discuss the processes by which pesticides and their active residues are accumulated and bioconcentrated in fish, as well as the toxic mechanisms involved, including biological redox activity, immunotoxicity, neuroendocrine disorders, and cytotoxicity, which is manifested in oxidative stress, lysosomal and mitochondrial damage, inflammation, and apoptosis/autophagy. We also explore potential research strategies to close the gaps in our understanding of the toxicity and environmental risk assessment of organophosphate and triazine pesticides.
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18
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Feltracco M, Barbaro E, Maule F, Bortolini M, Gabrieli J, De Blasi F, Cairns WR, Dallo F, Zangrando R, Barbante C, Gambaro A. Airborne polar pesticides in rural and mountain sites of North-Eastern Italy: An emerging air quality issue. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 308:119657. [PMID: 35750305 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
North-Eastern Italy and in particular Veneto Region, stands out as a major centre of agriculture and viticulture which has rapidly expanded in the last decade with high productivity indexes. In this context, assessing atmospheric pollution caused by crop spraying with pesticides in rural areas and their transport to high-altitude remote sites is crucial to provide a basis for understanding possible impacts on the environment and population health. We aim to improve existing methods with a highly sensitive technique by using high pressure anion exchange chromatography coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Thus, a total of fourteen polar pesticides were determined in aerosol samples collected from August to December 2021 at Roncade (Venetian plain) and Col Margherita Observatory (Dolomites). The observatory was chosen as the background site as it is representative of the surrounding alpine region. Some samples revealed a substantial amount of cyanuric acid mainly at Roncade (mean concentration of 10 ± 10 ng m-3), glyphosate and fosetyl-aluminium (0.1 ± 0.2 and 0.1 ± 0.1 ng m-3, respectively). Surprisingly, some pesticides have been also found at Col Margherita, a high mountain background site, with concentrations an order of magnitude lower than at Roncade. This is the first time that fourteen polar pesticides have been assessed in the aerosol phase of the Po' Valley and detected at a high-altitude remote site, and consequently this study provides the first data on their occurrences in Italian aerosols. It represents a basis for the assessment of risks for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Feltracco
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155-30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Elena Barbaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155-30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155-30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy
| | - Francesca Maule
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155-30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy
| | - Mara Bortolini
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155-30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy
| | - Jacopo Gabrieli
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155-30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155-30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy
| | - Fabrizio De Blasi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155-30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155-30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy
| | - Warren Rl Cairns
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155-30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155-30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy
| | - Federico Dallo
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155-30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy; Center for the Built Environment, University of California, (UC Berkeley-CBE), 390 Wurster Hall, CA-94720, Berkeley, United States
| | - Roberta Zangrando
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155-30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155-30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy
| | - Carlo Barbante
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155-30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155-30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155-30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155-30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy
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19
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Feltracco M, Barbaro E, Scopel M, Piazza R, Barbante C, Gambaro A. Detection of glyphosate residues in feed, saliva, urine and faeces from a cattle farm: a pilot study. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2022; 39:1248-1254. [PMID: 35442859 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2022.2066194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Forty-two samples of feed, saliva, urines, and faeces collected from a cattle farm were investigated with the aim to evaluate the occurrence of glyphosate in faeces, urine and saliva. Glyphosate in the feed was also quantified to understand how it was assimilated by mammals. All cows excreted glyphosate in their faeces at concentrations between 57 and 983 ng g-1. In contrast, only 55% of urine and one sample of saliva tested positive. Most of the feeds demonstrated a non-negligible presence of glyphosate. In particular, a silage containing soybeans from genetically modified cultivation showed a concentration one order of magnitude higher than the other feeds. This study aims to provide the first complete determination of glyphosate in a cattle farm, considering the possible re-entry into the environment through the spreading of liquid and solid sewage and its possible impact on groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Feltracco
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice Mestre, Italy
| | - Elena Barbaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice Mestre, Italy
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Venice Mestre, Italy
| | - Monica Scopel
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Rossano Piazza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice Mestre, Italy
| | - Carlo Barbante
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice Mestre, Italy
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Venice Mestre, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice Mestre, Italy
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Venice Mestre, Italy
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20
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Wimmer B, Neidhardt H, Schwientek M, Haderlein SB, Huhn C. Phosphate addition enhances alkaline extraction of glyphosate from highly sorptive soils and aquatic sediments. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:2550-2559. [PMID: 35322519 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Analytical constraints complicate environmental monitoring campaigns of the herbicide glyphosate and its major degradation product aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA): their strong sorption to soil minerals requires harsh extraction conditions. Coextracted matrix compounds impair downstream analysis and must be removed before analysis. RESULTS A new extraction method combined with subsequent capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry for derivatization-free analysis of glyphosate and AMPA in soil and sediment was developed and applied to a suite of environmental samples. It was compared to three extraction methods from literature. We show that no extraction medium reaches 100% recovery. The new phosphate-supported alkaline extraction method revealed (1) high recoveries of 70-90% for soils and aquatic sediments, (2) limits of detections below 20 μg kg-1 , and (3) a high robustness, because impairing matrix components (trivalent cations and humic acids) were precipitated prior to the analysis. Soil and sediment samples collected around Tübingen, Germany, revealed maximum glyphosate and AMPA residues of 80 and 2100 μg kg-1 , respectively, with residues observed along a core of lake sediments. Glyphosate and/or AMPA were found in 40% of arable soils and 57% of aquatic sediment samples. CONCLUSION In this work, we discuss soil parameters that influence (de)sorption and thus extraction. From our results we conclude that residues of glyphosate in environmental samples are easily underestimated. With its possible high throughput, the method presented here can resolve current limitations in monitoring campaigns of glyphosate by addressing soil and aquatic sediment samples with critical sorption characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Wimmer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Harald Neidhardt
- Geoscience, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marc Schwientek
- Center for Applied Geosciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan B Haderlein
- Center for Applied Geosciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Carolin Huhn
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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