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Górecki M, Kazarców M, Protasewicz A, Czarnecki P, Romanowski L. Population Norms for Hand Grip and Precision Grip Strengths in Polish Children and Adolescents Aged 3-19. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4833. [PMID: 39200974 PMCID: PMC11355335 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13164833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Normative data on hand and precision grip strengths are essential for evaluating the level of development, the efficacy of rehabilitation, and treatment results. The need for established norms of grip strength in Polish children is one of the problems that Polish physiotherapists and physicians face when treating upper limbs. The aim was to establish normative values of hand and precision grips strengths in Polish children and adolescents aged 3-19. Methods: In the years 2012-2023, a sample of 358 children and adolescents with no history of upper limb injuries or congenital upper extremity defects were randomly chosen from kindergartens, primary schools, middle schools, and high schools. They were living in urban agglomerations and in smaller towns or villages. Hand and precision grips like the pincer, three-point, side, and opposition grip strength were assessed using a hand dynamometer and pinchmeter in standard positions. Results: The strength in all types of examined hand grips increases with chronological age in both genders. The grip strength was higher in the boys' group than in the girls' and it was higher in the right hand than in the left, but the difference was no more greater than 10%. Detailed data with standard deviation were presented in the form of a table, divided by age and sex. Conclusions: Norms for grip strength were provided for Polish children and adolescents aged 3-19, allowing therapists and physicians to compare Polish patients with that of normally developed, healthy children of the same age and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Górecki
- Department of Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Hand Surgery, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 61-545 Poznań, Poland (P.C.); (L.R.)
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Fonseca ID, Fabbri LE, Moraes L, Coelho DB, Dos Santos FC, Rosse I. Pleiotropic effects on Sarcopenia subphenotypes point to potential molecular markers for the disease. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 127:105553. [PMID: 38970884 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a progressive age-related muscle disease characterized by low muscle strength, quantity and quality, and low physical performance. The clinical overlap between these subphenotypes (reduction in muscle strength, quantity and quality, and physical performance) was evidenced, but the genetic overlap is still poorly investigated. Herein, we investigated whether there is a genetic overlap amongst sarcopenia subphenotypes in the search for more effective molecular markers for this disease. For that, a Bioinformatics approach was used to identify and characterize pleiotropic effects at the genome, loci and gene levels using Genome-wide association study results. As a result, a high genetic correlation was identified between gait speed and muscle strength (rG=0.5358, p=3.39 × 10-8). Using a Pleiotropy-informed conditional and conjunctional false discovery rate method we identified two pleiotropic loci for muscle strength and gait speed, one of them was nearby the gene PHACTR1. Moreover, 11 pleiotropic loci and 25 genes were identified for muscle mass and muscle strength. Lastly, using a gene-based GWAS approach three candidate genes were identified in the overlap of the three Sarcopenia subphenotypes: FTO, RPS10 and CALCR. The current study provides evidence of genetic overlap and pleiotropy among sarcopenia subphenotypes and highlights novel candidate genes and molecular markers associated with the risk of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela D Fonseca
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG Brazil; Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro Ouro Preto, MG Brazil
| | - Luiz Eduardo Fabbri
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - Lauro Moraes
- Laboratório Multiusuário de Bioinformática, Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG Brazil
| | - Daniel B Coelho
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício da Escola de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG Brazil
| | - Fernanda C Dos Santos
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Izinara Rosse
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG Brazil; Laboratório Multiusuário de Bioinformática, Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG Brazil; Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro Ouro Preto, MG Brazil.
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Nuzzo JL. Narrative Review of Sex Differences in Muscle Strength, Endurance, Activation, Size, Fiber Type, and Strength Training Participation Rates, Preferences, Motivations, Injuries, and Neuromuscular Adaptations. J Strength Cond Res 2023; 37:494-536. [PMID: 36696264 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Nuzzo, JL. Narrative review of sex differences in muscle strength, endurance, activation, size, fiber type, and strength training participation rates, preferences, motivations, injuries, and neuromuscular adaptations. J Strength Cond Res 37(2): 494-536, 2023-Biological sex and its relation with exercise participation and sports performance continue to be discussed. Here, the purpose was to inform such discussions by summarizing the literature on sex differences in numerous strength training-related variables and outcomes-muscle strength and endurance, muscle mass and size, muscle fiber type, muscle twitch forces, and voluntary activation; strength training participation rates, motivations, preferences, and practices; and injuries and changes in muscle size and strength with strength training. Male subjects become notably stronger than female subjects around age 15 years. In adults, sex differences in strength are more pronounced in upper-body than lower-body muscles and in concentric than eccentric contractions. Greater male than female strength is not because of higher voluntary activation but to greater muscle mass and type II fiber areas. Men participate in strength training more frequently than women. Men are motivated more by challenge, competition, social recognition, and a desire to increase muscle size and strength. Men also have greater preference for competitive, high-intensity, and upper-body exercise. Women are motivated more by improved attractiveness, muscle "toning," and body mass management. Women have greater preference for supervised and lower-body exercise. Intrasexual competition, mate selection, and the drive for muscularity are likely fundamental causes of exercise behaviors in men and women. Men and women increase muscle size and strength after weeks of strength training, but women experience greater relative strength improvements depending on age and muscle group. Men exhibit higher strength training injury rates. No sex difference exists in strength loss and muscle soreness after muscle-damaging exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Nuzzo
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
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Mazidi M, Davies IG, Penson P, Rikkonen T, Isanejad M. Lifetime serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D 25(OH) is associated with hand grip strengths: insight from a Mendelian randomisation. Age Ageing 2022; 51:6565794. [PMID: 35397158 PMCID: PMC9122526 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials have suggested that increased 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) has positive effect on hand grip strength. This Mendelian randomisation (MR) was implemented using summary-level data from the largest genome-wide association studies on vitamin D (n = 73,699) and hand grip strength. Inverse variance weighted method (IVW) was used to estimate the causal estimates. Weighted median (WM)-based method, MR-Egger and leave-one-out were applied as sensitivity analysis. Results showed that genetically higher-serum 25(OH)D levels had a positive effect on both right hand grip (IVW = Beta: 0.038, P = 0.030) and left hand grip (IVW = Beta: 0.034, P = 0.036). There was a low likelihood (statistically insignificant) of heterogeneity and pleiotropy, and the observed associations were not driven by single single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Furthermore, MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier did not highlight any outliers. In conclusion, our results highlighted the causal and beneficial effect of serum 25(OH) D on right- and left-hand grip strengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mazidi
- King’s College London, Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, South Wing St Thomas', London, UK
| | - Ian G Davies
- School of Sports and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Peter Penson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Toni Rikkonen
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Masoud Isanejad
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
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Abstract
Human physiology is likely to have been selected for endurance physical activity. However, modern humans have become largely sedentary, with physical activity becoming a leisure-time pursuit for most. Whereas inactivity is a strong risk factor for disease, regular physical activity reduces the risk of chronic disease and mortality. Although substantial epidemiological evidence supports the beneficial effects of exercise, comparatively little is known about the molecular mechanisms through which these effects operate. Genetic and genomic analyses have identified genetic variation associated with human performance and, together with recent proteomic, metabolomic and multi-omic analyses, are beginning to elucidate the molecular genetic mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of physical activity on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Seung Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Matthew T Wheeler
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Euan A Ashley
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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The Relationship between Health Perception and Health Predictors among the Elderly across European Countries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18084053. [PMID: 33921424 PMCID: PMC8069681 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between health perception and health predictors among the elderly. In this study, 376 older adults from four different countries (Hungary, n = 86; Italy, n = 133; Portugal, n = 95; and Spain, n = 62) were analyzed. All subjects completed the EQ-5D-5L to assess their quality-adjusted life years and were assessed in handgrip (HG) and in Timed Up and Go (TUG) tests. A three-way MANOVA was conducted to analyze the groups based on their age, sex, and country. The interaction effects in all included variables were also considered. The Bonferroni test was also executed as a post hoc test. Any interaction results were noticed. Regarding age, lower perceived quality of life scores and higher TUG results were registered in the oldest group, and greater values of left and right HG results were registered in the second-oldest group. Males showed greater left and right HG values than women. Spain showed lower perceived quality of life scores. Portugal and Italy showed greater HG left values, while Portugal had better HG right values. Hungary produced the greatest TUG scores. Quality of life is dependent on the subject’s age and physical fitness, as increasing age was associated with decreased values of HG and TUG. Only strength was different between sexes.
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Soerensen M, Li W, Debrabant B, Nygaard M, Mengel-From J, Frost M, Christensen K, Christiansen L, Tan Q. Epigenome-wide exploratory study of monozygotic twins suggests differentially methylated regions to associate with hand grip strength. Biogerontology 2019; 20:627-647. [PMID: 31254144 PMCID: PMC6733812 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-019-09818-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Hand grip strength is a measure of muscular strength and is used to study age-related loss of physical capacity. In order to explore the biological mechanisms that influence hand grip strength variation, an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) of hand grip strength in 672 middle-aged and elderly monozygotic twins (age 55–90 years) was performed, using both individual and twin pair level analyses, the latter controlling the influence of genetic variation. Moreover, as measurements of hand grip strength performed over 8 years were available in the elderly twins (age 73–90 at intake), a longitudinal EWAS was conducted for this subsample. No genome-wide significant CpG sites or pathways were found, however two of the suggestive top CpG sites were mapped to the COL6A1 and CACNA1B genes, known to be related to muscular dysfunction. By investigating genomic regions using the comb-p algorithm, several differentially methylated regions in regulatory domains were identified as significantly associated to hand grip strength, and pathway analyses of these regions revealed significant pathways related to the immune system, autoimmune disorders, including diabetes type 1 and viral myocarditis, as well as negative regulation of cell differentiation. The genes contributing to the immunological pathways were HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-DMA, HLA-DPB1, MYH10, ERAP1 and IRF8, while the genes implicated in the negative regulation of cell differentiation were IRF8, CEBPD, ID2 and BRCA1. In conclusion, this exploratory study suggests hand grip strength to associate with differentially methylated regions enriched in immunological and cell differentiation pathways, and hence merits further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Soerensen
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 9B, 5000, Odense C, Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Center for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws Vej 4, 5000, Odense C, Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws Vej 4, 5000, Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Weilong Li
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 9B, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Birgit Debrabant
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 9B, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Marianne Nygaard
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 9B, 5000, Odense C, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws Vej 4, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Jonas Mengel-From
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 9B, 5000, Odense C, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws Vej 4, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Morten Frost
- Endocrine Research Unit, KMEB, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 4, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 9B, 5000, Odense C, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws Vej 4, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Lene Christiansen
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 9B, 5000, Odense C, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Qihua Tan
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 9B, 5000, Odense C, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws Vej 4, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
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Olszowy KM, Little MA, Lee G, Pomer A, Dancause KN, Sun C, Silverman H, Chan CW, Tarivonda L, Kaneko A, Weitz C, Koji Lum J, Garruto RM. Coming to grips with economic development: Variation in adult hand grip strength during health transition in Vanuatu. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 167:760-776. [PMID: 30259970 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether (1) maximal handgrip strength (HGS) is associated with inter-island level of economic development in Vanuatu, (2) how associations between island of residence and HGS are mediated by age, sex, body size/composition, and individual sociodeomographic variation, and (3) whether HGS is predictive of hypertension. MATERIAL AND METHODS HGS was collected from 833 adult (aged 18 and older) men and women on five islands representing a continuum of economic development in Vanuatu. HGS was measured using a handheld dynamometer. Participants were administered in an extensive sociobehavioral questionnaire and were also assessed for height, weight, percent body fat, forearm skinfold thickness, forearm circumference, and blood pressure. RESULTS HGS was significantly greater in men than in women regardless of island of residence. HGS was also significantly positively associated with inter-island level of economic development. Grip strength-to-weight ratio was not different across islands except in older individuals, where age-related decline occurred primarily on islands with greater economic development. HGS significantly declined with age in both men and women. CONCLUSION HGS is positively associated with modernization in Vanuatu, but the relationship between HGS and modernization is largely due to an association of both variables with increased body size on more modernized islands. Further research on the role of individual variation in diet and physical activity are necessary to clarify the relationship between HGS and modernization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Olszowy
- Department of Criminology, Anthropology, and Sociology, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Anthropology, SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, New York.,Laboratory of Biomedical Anthropology and Neurosciences, SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, New York
| | - Michael A Little
- Department of Anthropology, SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, New York
| | - Gwang Lee
- Department of Anthropology, SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, New York.,Laboratory of Evolutionary Anthropology and Health, SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, New York
| | - Alysa Pomer
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kelsey N Dancause
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Cheng Sun
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Harold Silverman
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, New York.,Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine at Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York
| | - Chim W Chan
- Island Malaria Group, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Akira Kaneko
- Island Malaria Group, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Parasitology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Osaka Prefecture, Japan.,Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan
| | - Charles Weitz
- Department of Anthropology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeffrey Koji Lum
- Department of Anthropology, SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, New York.,Laboratory of Evolutionary Anthropology and Health, SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, New York
| | - Ralph M Garruto
- Department of Anthropology, SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, New York.,Laboratory of Biomedical Anthropology and Neurosciences, SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, New York
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9
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Musalek C, Kirchengast S. Grip Strength as an Indicator of Health-Related Quality of Life in Old Age-A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14121447. [PMID: 29186762 PMCID: PMC5750866 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14121447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the last century life expectancy has increased dramatically nearly all over the world. This dramatic absolute and relative increase of the old aged people component of the population has influenced not only population structure but also has dramatic implications for the individuals and public health services. The aim of the present pilot study was to examine the impact of physical well-being assessed by hand grip strength and social factors estimated by social contact frequency on health-related quality of life among 22 men and 41 women ranging in age between 60 and 94 years. Physical well-being was estimated by hand grip strength, data concerning subjective wellbeing and health related quality of life were collected by personal interviews based on the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaires. Number of offspring and intergenerational contacts were not related significantly to health-related quality of life, while social contacts with non-relatives and hand grip strength in contrast had a significant positive impact on health related quality of life among old aged men and women. Physical well-being and in particular muscle strength—estimated by grip strength—may increase health-related quality of life and is therefore an important source for well-being during old age. Grip strength may be used as an indicator of health-related quality of life.
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Murabito JM, Rong J, Lunetta KL, Huan T, Lin H, Zhao Q, Freedman JE, Tanriverdi K, Levy D, Larson MG. Cross-sectional relations of whole-blood miRNA expression levels and hand grip strength in a community sample. Aging Cell 2017; 16:888-894. [PMID: 28597569 PMCID: PMC5506437 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression with emerging data suggesting miRNAs play a role in skeletal muscle biology. We sought to examine the association of miRNAs with grip strength in a community-based sample. Framingham Heart Study Offspring and Generation 3 participants (n = 5668 54% women, mean age 55 years, range 24, 90 years) underwent grip strength measurement and miRNA profiling using whole blood from fasting morning samples. Linear mixed-effects regression modeling of grip strength (kg) versus continuous miRNA 'Cq' values and versus binary miRNA expression was performed. We conducted an integrative miRNA-mRNA coexpression analysis and examined the enrichment of biologic pathways for the top miRNAs associated with grip strength. Grip strength was lower in women than in men and declined with age with a mean 44.7 (10.0) kg in men and 26.5 (6.3) kg in women. Among 299 miRNAs interrogated for association with grip strength, 93 (31%) had FDR q value < 0.05, 54 (18%) had an FDR q value < 0.01, and 15 (5%) had FDR q value < 0.001. For almost all miRNA-grip strength associations, increasing miRNA concentration is associated with increasing grip strength. miR-20a-5p (FDR q 1.8 × 10-6 ) had the most significant association and several among the top 15 miRNAs had links to skeletal muscle including miR-126-3p, miR-30a-5p, and miR-30d-5p. The top associated biologic pathways included metabolism, chemokine signaling, and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. Our comprehensive assessment in a community-based sample of miRNAs in blood associated with grip strength provides a framework to further our understanding of the biology of muscle strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne M. Murabito
- The Framingham Heart StudyFraminghamMAUSA
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Internal MedicineBoston University School of MedicineBostonMAUSA
| | - Jian Rong
- Department of BiostatisticsBoston University School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
| | - Kathryn L. Lunetta
- Department of BiostatisticsBoston University School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
| | - Tianxiao Huan
- The Framingham Heart StudyFraminghamMAUSA
- The Population Sciences BranchDivision of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Honghuang Lin
- Section of Computational BiomedicineDepartment of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineBostonMAUSA
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Department of BiostatisticsBoston University School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
| | - Jane E. Freedman
- Cardiology DivisionDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMAUSA
| | - Kahraman Tanriverdi
- Cardiology DivisionDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMAUSA
| | - Daniel Levy
- The Framingham Heart StudyFraminghamMAUSA
- The Population Sciences BranchDivision of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Martin G. Larson
- The Framingham Heart StudyFraminghamMAUSA
- Department of BiostatisticsBoston University School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
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Willems SM, Wright DJ, Day FR, Trajanoska K, Joshi PK, Morris JA, Matteini AM, Garton FC, Grarup N, Oskolkov N, Thalamuthu A, Mangino M, Liu J, Demirkan A, Lek M, Xu L, Wang G, Oldmeadow C, Gaulton KJ, Lotta LA, Miyamoto-Mikami E, Rivas MA, White T, Loh PR, Aadahl M, Amin N, Attia JR, Austin K, Benyamin B, Brage S, Cheng YC, Cięszczyk P, Derave W, Eriksson KF, Eynon N, Linneberg A, Lucia A, Massidda M, Mitchell BD, Miyachi M, Murakami H, Padmanabhan S, Pandey A, Papadimitriou I, Rajpal DK, Sale C, Schnurr TM, Sessa F, Shrine N, Tobin MD, Varley I, Wain LV, Wray NR, Lindgren CM, MacArthur DG, Waterworth DM, McCarthy MI, Pedersen O, Khaw KT, Kiel DP, Pitsiladis Y, Fuku N, Franks PW, North KN, van Duijn CM, Mather KA, Hansen T, Hansson O, Spector T, Murabito JM, Richards JB, Rivadeneira F, Langenberg C, Perry JRB, Wareham NJ, Scott RA. Large-scale GWAS identifies multiple loci for hand grip strength providing biological insights into muscular fitness. Nat Commun 2017; 8:16015. [PMID: 29313844 PMCID: PMC5510175 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms16015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hand grip strength is a widely used proxy of muscular fitness, a marker of frailty, and predictor of a range of morbidities and all-cause mortality. To investigate the genetic determinants of variation in grip strength, we perform a large-scale genetic discovery analysis in a combined sample of 195,180 individuals and identify 16 loci associated with grip strength (P<5 × 10-8) in combined analyses. A number of these loci contain genes implicated in structure and function of skeletal muscle fibres (ACTG1), neuronal maintenance and signal transduction (PEX14, TGFA, SYT1), or monogenic syndromes with involvement of psychomotor impairment (PEX14, LRPPRC and KANSL1). Mendelian randomization analyses are consistent with a causal effect of higher genetically predicted grip strength on lower fracture risk. In conclusion, our findings provide new biological insight into the mechanistic underpinnings of grip strength and the causal role of muscular strength in age-related morbidities and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Willems
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Daniel J. Wright
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Felix R. Day
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Katerina Trajanoska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter K. Joshi
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AB, UK
| | - John A. Morris
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada QC H3T 1E2
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 0B1
| | - Amy M. Matteini
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Fleur C. Garton
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Niels Grarup
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nikolay Oskolkov
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skånes University Hospital, 222 41 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2031, Australia
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ayse Demirkan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Monkol Lek
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Maryland 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Maryland 02115, USA
| | - Liwen Xu
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Maryland 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Maryland 02115, USA
| | - Guan Wang
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Science and Medicine (SESAME), University of Brighton, Eastbourne BN20 7SN, UK
| | | | - Kyle J. Gaulton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Luca A. Lotta
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Eri Miyamoto-Mikami
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
- Department of Sports and Life Science, National Institute of Fitness and Sports, Kanoya, Kagoshima 891-2393, Japan
| | - Manuel A. Rivas
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- BROAD Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Tom White
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Po-Ru Loh
- BROAD Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Mette Aadahl
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup University Hospital, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John R. Attia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales 2305, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia
- John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton, New South Wales 2305, Australia
| | - Krista Austin
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Science and Medicine (SESAME), University of Brighton, Eastbourne BN20 7SN, UK
| | - Beben Benyamin
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Søren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Yu-Ching Cheng
- Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Paweł Cięszczyk
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Wim Derave
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karl-Fredrik Eriksson
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skånes University Hospital, 222 41 Lund, Sweden
| | - Nir Eynon
- Institute of Sport, Exercise & Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria 8001, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup University Hospital, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute ‘i+12’, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Myosotis Massidda
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Braxton D. Mitchell
- Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
- Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Motohiko Miyachi
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan
| | - Haruka Murakami
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan
| | - Sandosh Padmanabhan
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Ashutosh Pandey
- Target Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, USA
| | - Ioannis Papadimitriou
- Institute of Sport, Exercise & Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria 8001, Australia
| | - Deepak K. Rajpal
- Target Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, USA
| | - Craig Sale
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK
| | - Theresia M. Schnurr
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Francesco Sessa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical Genetics, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia FG, Italy
| | - Nick Shrine
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Martin D. Tobin
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Ian Varley
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK
| | - Louise V. Wain
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Naomi R. Wray
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Cecilia M. Lindgren
- BROAD Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- The Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Daniel G. MacArthur
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Maryland 02114, USA
- BROAD Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Dawn M. Waterworth
- Target Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, USA
| | - Mark I. McCarthy
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Douglas P. Kiel
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Maryland 02115, USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, Massachusetts 02131, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Yannis Pitsiladis
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Science and Medicine (SESAME), University of Brighton, Eastbourne BN20 7SN, UK
| | - Noriyuki Fuku
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba 270-1695, Japan
| | - Paul W. Franks
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skånes University Hospital, 222 41 Lund, Sweden
- Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section for Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Biobank Research, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kathryn N. North
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Cornelia M. van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karen A. Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2031, Australia
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Ola Hansson
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skånes University Hospital, 222 41 Lund, Sweden
| | - Tim Spector
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Joanne M. Murabito
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702, USA
| | - J. Brent Richards
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada QC H3T 1E2
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 0B1
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1A4
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - John R. B. Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Nick J. Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Robert A. Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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12
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Pereira S, Todd Katzmarzyk P, Gomes TN, Souza M, Chaves RN, dos Santos FK, Santos D, Hedeker D, Maia J. A multilevel analysis of health-related physical fitness. The Portuguese sibling study on growth, fitness, lifestyle and health. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172013. [PMID: 28187195 PMCID: PMC5302836 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates biological, behavioural and sociodemographic correlates of intra-pair similarities, and estimates sibling resemblance in health-related physical fitness (PF). The sample comprises 1101 biological siblings (525 females) aged 9–20 years. PF components and markers were: morphological [waist circumference (WC) and %body fat (%BF)], muscular [handgrip strength (GS) and standing long jump (SLJ)], motor [50-yard dash (50YD) and shuttle run (SR)], and cardiorespiratory (1-mile run). Biological maturation was assessed; physical activity (PA), TV viewing and socioeconomic status (SES) information was obtained. On average, older and more mature subjects are better performers in all PF components; PA was negatively associated with SR, while SES was negatively associated with SLJ and SR. A pattern was observed in the intraclass correlations (ρ) wherein same sex siblings demonstrate greater resemblance for most PF components (sister-sister: 0.35≤ ρ≤0.55; brother-brother: (0.25≤ρ≤0.60) than brother-sister pairs (BS) (0≤ρ≤0.15), except for %BF (ρBB>ρSS>ρBS), and the 1-mile run (ρSS>ρBS>ρBB). In conclusion, behavioural and sociodemographic correlates play different roles in siblings PF expression. Further, a significant familial PF resemblance was observed with different trends in different sibling types, probably due to variations in shared genetic factors and sociodemographic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pereira
- CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Peter Todd Katzmarzyk
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
| | | | - Michele Souza
- CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Raquel Nichele Chaves
- CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Federal University of Technology-Paraná (UTFPR), Campus Curitiba, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Karina dos Santos
- CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel Santos
- CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Donald Hedeker
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - José Maia
- CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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13
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Balogun S, Winzenberg T, Wills K, Scott D, Jones G, Aitken D, Callisaya ML. Prospective Associations of Low Muscle Mass and Function with 10-Year Falls Risk, Incident Fracture and Mortality in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. J Nutr Health Aging 2017; 21:843-848. [PMID: 28717816 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-016-0843-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Purpose: To compare the performance of low muscle mass and function with falls risk, incident fracture and mortality over 10 years. METHODS 1041 participants (50% women; mean age 63±7.5 years) were prospectively followed for 10 years. Falls risk was measured using the Physiological Profile Assessment, fractures were self-reported and mortality was ascertained from the death registry. Appendicular lean mass (ALM) was assessed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Four anthropometric: (ALM/height2, ALM/body mass index, ALM/weight×100, a residuals method of ALM on height and total body fat) and four performance-based measures: (handgrip strength, lower-limb muscle strength, upper and lower-limb muscle quality) were examined. Participants in the lowest 20% of the sex-specific distribution for each anthropometric and performance-based measure were classified has having low muscle mass or function. Regression analyses were used to estimate associations between each anthropometric and performance-based measure at baseline and 10-year falls risk, incident fractures and mortality. RESULTS Mean falls risk z-score at 10 years was 0.64 (SD 1.12), incident fractures and mortality over 10 years were 16% and 14% respectively. All baseline performance-based measures were significantly associated with higher falls risk score at 10 years. Low handgrip (RR 1.55, 95% CI: 1.09, 2.20) and ALM/body mass index (RR 1.54, 95% CI: 1.14, 2.08) were the only significant predictors of fracture and mortality respectively. CONCLUSIONS Low handgrip strength, a simple and inexpensive test could be considered in clinical settings for identifying future falls and fractures. ALM/ body mass index could be most suitable in estimating 10-year mortality risk, but requires specialised equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Balogun
- Dr Michele L. Callisaya, Menzies Institute for Medical Research, Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia; , Phone: (03) 6226 4785, Fax: (03) 6226 7704
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