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Heap-Eldridge KL, Thompson BJ, Fisher C, Louder TJ, Carey J. A Comprehensive Examination of Age-Related Lower Limb Muscle Function Asymmetries across a Variety of Muscle Action Types. Geriatrics (Basel) 2024; 9:79. [PMID: 38920435 PMCID: PMC11202539 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics9030079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous research has found that lower limb muscle asymmetries increase with age and are linked to fall and injury risks. However, past studies lack a wide variety of muscle function modes and measures as well as comparison to a comparable younger age group. The purpose of this study was to examine age-related lower limb muscle function asymmetries across a variety of muscle action types and velocities in young and old adults. Lower limb balance, strength, power, and velocity were evaluated with concentric, isometric, isotonic, and eccentric muscle actions during a single-leg stance test and on single- and multi-joint dynamometers in 29 young (age = 21.45 ± 3.02) and 23 old (age = 77.00 ± 4.60) recreationally active men and women. Most (15 of 17) variables showed no statistical (p > 0.05) or functional (10% threshold) limb asymmetry for either age group. There was a significant main effect (p = 0.046; collapsed across groups) found for asymmetry (dominant > non-dominant) for the isotonic peak velocity variable. There was a significant (p = 0.010) group × limb interaction for single-joint concentric peak power produced at a slow (60 deg/s) velocity due to the non-dominant limb of the young group being 12.2% greater than the dominant limb (p < 0.001), whereas the old group was not asymmetrical (p = 0.965). The findings of this investigation indicate there is largely no age-related asymmetry of the lower limbs across a range of muscle function-related variables and modes, with a couple of notable exceptions. Also, the significant asymmetries for the isotonic peak velocity variable perhaps show the sensitivity of this uncommonly used measure in detecting minimally present muscle function imbalances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylee L. Heap-Eldridge
- Kinesiology and Health Science Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
- Movement Research Clinic, Sorenson Legacy Foundation Center for Clinical Excellence, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Brennan J. Thompson
- Kinesiology and Health Science Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
- Movement Research Clinic, Sorenson Legacy Foundation Center for Clinical Excellence, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Cody Fisher
- Kinesiology and Health Science Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
- Movement Research Clinic, Sorenson Legacy Foundation Center for Clinical Excellence, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Talin J. Louder
- Kinesiology and Health Science Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
- Movement Research Clinic, Sorenson Legacy Foundation Center for Clinical Excellence, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Jon Carey
- Kinesiology and Health Science Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
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Thompson BJ, Conchola EC, Clevenger KA. Age-related effects of neuromuscular fatigue and acute recovery responses on maximal and rapid torque measures of the leg extensors and flexors. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024:10.1007/s00421-024-05493-4. [PMID: 38702553 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-024-05493-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the effects of neuromuscular fatigue and recovery on maximal and rapid torque characteristics in young and old men for the leg extensors and flexors. METHODS Twenty-one young (age = 24.8 years) and 19 old (72.1 years) men performed maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) before and at 0, 7, 15, and 30 min following an intermittent submaximal fatigue task. Outcome measures included endurance time, maximal (peak torque; PT) and rapid (absolute and normalized rate of torque development; RTD and nRTD) torque characteristics. RESULTS The old men had greater endurance times than the young men. Differential recovery patterns were observed for PT, and early and late RTD phases between the leg extensor and flexor muscle groups such that the early rapid torque variables and the flexors demonstrated slower recovery compared to later rapid torque variables and the extensors. The normalized RTD variables were reduced less after the fatigue task and differential muscle and age effects were observed where the flexors were reduced more at the early phase (nRTD1/6) compared to the extensors, however, for the later phase (nRTD2/3) the young men exhibited a greater reduction compared to the old men. CONCLUSIONS Dissimilar fatigue recovery patterns across different phases of RTD, lower limb muscles, and age groups may have important fatigue-related performance and injury risk implications across the adult lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennan J Thompson
- Kinesiology and Health Science Department, Utah State University, 6425 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA.
- Movement Research Clinic, Sorenson Legacy Foundation Center for Clinical Excellence, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA.
| | - Eric C Conchola
- Dr. Virginia Peters Department of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK, USA
| | - Kimberly A Clevenger
- Kinesiology and Health Science Department, Utah State University, 6425 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
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Thompson BJ, Xu J. Isokinetic Dynamometer Leg Extensor Peak Torque Measurement: A Time-Delayed Reliability and Score Selection Analysis Study. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2023; 8:jfmk8020062. [PMID: 37218858 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk8020062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The reliability of isokinetic peak torque (PT) has been reported mostly using a short-term (<~10 day) inter-trial testing time frame. However, many studies and programs utilize a long-term (several weeks to months) inter-trial testing period. Additionally, the methods by which the PT value is selected and reported from a multiple rep testing scheme have not been well investigated for both reliability and PT absolute performance comparisons. The purpose of this study was to investigate the long-term reliability of isokinetic and isometric PT of the leg extensors with an emphasis on the differences among several PT score selection methods. Thirteen men and women (age = 19.5 years) underwent two testing trials separated by 28.8 (±1.8) days. Testing included maximal voluntary contractions of three sets of three reps for two isokinetic contraction conditions of 60 (Isok60) and 240 (Isok240) deg/s velocities, and three sets of one rep of isometric contractions for the leg extensors. The PT score was derived from seven different methods (see text for descriptions). Reliability as assessed from intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) varied widely across contraction conditions and PT score selection parameters. The Isok60 velocity overall had lower reliability (ICCs = 0.48-0.81) than Isok240 (0.77-0.87) across the conditions whereas the isometric PT variables showed moderate reliability (0.71-0.73). Overall the set 1 PT score selection parameters were generally lower (p ≤ 0.05) than those that involved sets two and three. Systematic error (p ≤ 0.05) was shown for 6 out of the 17 PT selection variables. On a subjective interpretation basis, when taking everything into account the best overall combination of time/trial efficiency, reliability, best/highest PT score parameter, and reduced risk of systematic bias appears to be the PT variable that uses the average of the highest two reps of the first two sets of three reps-i.e., averaging the highest two values of the six total reps from the first two sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennan J Thompson
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
- Movement Research Clinic, Sorenson Legacy Foundation Center for Clinical Excellence, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Jennifer Xu
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
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Neltner TJ, Smith RW, Arnett JE, Anders JPV, Keller JL, Housh TJ, Schmidt RJ, Johnson GO. No effect of coactivation on fatigue-induced decreases in isokinetic and isometric torque in healthy young male adults. Hum Mov Sci 2022; 86:103002. [PMID: 36162383 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2022.103002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antagonist activation may contribute to fatigue-induced decreases in torque while assisting in the maintenance of joint stability. This study utilized a reciprocal, slow velocity (60°·s-1) forearm flexion and extension fatiguing task to examine the contributions of coactivation to torque production at slow and moderate (180°·s-1) velocities, as well as during a maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). METHODS Twelve recreationally active men (mean ± SD: age = 21.7 ± 1.6 years; body mass = 83.5 ± 8.8 kg; height = 179.4 ± 5.2 cm) completed isokinetic (60 and 180°·s-1) and isometric pre-testing of forearm flexion and extension, followed by 50 maximal, reciprocal, isokinetic muscle actions at 60°·s-1, followed by post-testing. The amplitude (AMP) of the electromyographic (EMG) signals from the biceps and triceps brachii were simultaneously recorded. Torque and EMG AMP were normalized to the corresponding values from the pre-testing peak torque movements. Repeated measures ANOVAs and pairwise comparisons were used to identify mean changes in torque, EMG AMP, and coactivation ratios. RESULTS The torque analyses indicated greater (p < 0.03) decreases for 180°·s-1 (24%) and MVIC (23%) than 60°·s-1 (14%) for forearm flexion. For forearm extension, there were no differences (p > 0.05) in fatigability between velocities. For EMG AMP there were no changes (p > 0.05) from pre- to post-testing for any velocity or movement. There were no changes (p > 0.05) in the coactivation ratio for forearm flexion, but significant increases (13.6 ± 6.6 to 16.9 ± 6.0; p = 0.003) for forearm extension, collapsed across Velocity. CONCLUSIONS There was velocity- and movement-specific fatigability for forearm flexion and extension. The parallel, fatigue-induced EMG AMP responses indicated that coactivation did not contribute to the decreases in torque and would not affect elbow joint stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Neltner
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68510, USA.
| | - Robert W Smith
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68510, USA
| | - Jocelyn E Arnett
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68510, USA
| | - John Paul V Anders
- Department of Human Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43017, USA
| | - Joshua L Keller
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Sport, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Terry J Housh
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68510, USA
| | - Richard J Schmidt
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68510, USA
| | - Glen O Johnson
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68510, USA
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Harper SA, Thompson BJ. Interaction between age and fatigue on antagonist muscle coactivation during an acute post-fatigue recovery phase. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:1005080. [PMID: 36263146 PMCID: PMC9574075 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.1005080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the age-related changes in antagonist muscle coactivation of the biceps femoris (BF) during an acute recovery period following a leg extensor fatiguing protocol. Twenty-three young (mean ± SD: age = 25.1 ± 3.0 years) and twenty-three old men (age = 71.5 ± 3.9 years) participated. Surface electromyography (sEMG) was recorded from the BF muscles for antagonist muscle coactivation. Testing involved participants performing leg extension isometric maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) and isokinetic MVCs at 240°·s-1 at baseline (Pre) and again after the fatigue protocol at 0 (Post0), 7 (Post7), 15 (Post15), and 30 (Post30) minutes post fatigue. Root mean square (RMS) values were computed from the BF sEMG and were calculated as the first 200 ms from onset for the isometric (IsomCoact200ms) and dynamic isokinetic 240°·s-1 (DynCoact200ms) MVCs, and for the final 10° of the leg extension (DynCoact10°) on the isokinetic 240°·s-1 MVCs. Two-way ANOVAs [age group (young vs. old) × time (Pre vs. Post0 vs. Post7 vs. Post15 vs. Post30)] showed that DynCoact200ms had an effect for time (p = 0.018), with greater antagonist coactivation in Pre than Post0 (p = 0.009) and recovering by Post7 (p = 0.011) with no group differences. DynCoact10° had no age × time interaction (p = 0.070), but had a main effect for time (p = 0.020) with the Post0 being lower than the Pre. However, for this variable the young group showed a more severe Pre to Post0 fatigue decline (-45.9%) than the old group (-6.7%) indicating this may be a more sensitive variable for capturing age-related antagonist coactivation post-fatigue responses. Leg extensor fatigue affects some BF coactivation sEMG variables more than others, and any altered post-fatigue coactivation response recovers rapidly (<7 min) from baseline levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A. Harper
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States,Sorenson Legacy Foundation Center for Clinical Excellence, Dennis Dolny Movement Research Clinic, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Brennan J. Thompson
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States,Sorenson Legacy Foundation Center for Clinical Excellence, Dennis Dolny Movement Research Clinic, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States,*Correspondence: Brennan J. Thompson,
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Wu R, De Vito G, Lowery MM, O'Callaghan B, Ditroilo M. Age-related fatigability in knee extensors and knee flexors during dynamic fatiguing contractions. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2021; 62:102626. [PMID: 34998161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2021.102626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dynamic knee extension and flexion fatiguing task on torque and neuromuscular responses in young and older individuals. Eighteen young (8 males; 25.1 ± 3.2 years) and 17 older (8 males; 69.7 ± 3.7 years) volunteered. Following a maximal voluntary isometric contraction test, participants performed a fatiguing task involving 22 maximal isokinetic (concentric) knee extension and flexion contractions at 60°/s, while surface EMG was recorded simultaneously from the knee extensors (KE) and flexors (KF). Fatigue-induced relative torque reductions were similar between age groups for KE (peak torque decrease: 25.15% vs 26.81%); however, KF torque was less affected in older individuals (young vs older peak torque decrease: 27.6% vs 11.5%; p < 0.001) and this was associated with greater increase in hamstring EMG amplitude (p < 0.001) and hamstrings/quadriceps peak torque ratio (p < 0.01). Furthermore, KE was more fatigable than KF only among older individuals (peak torque decrease: 26.8% vs 11.5%; p < 0.001). These findings showed that the age-related fatigue induced by a dynamic task was greater for the KE, with greater age-related decline in KE compared to KF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wu
- School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Giuseppe De Vito
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Biomedical Sciences Department, Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Madeleine M Lowery
- School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ben O'Callaghan
- School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Massimiliano Ditroilo
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Age-Related Differences in Hip Flexion Maximal and Rapid Strength and Rectus Femoris Muscle Size and Composition. J Appl Biomech 2021; 37:311-319. [PMID: 33906159 DOI: 10.1123/jab.2020-0383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effects of age on hip flexion maximal and rapid strength and rectus femoris (RF) muscle size and composition in men. Fifteen young (25 [3] y) and 15 older (73 [4] y) men performed isometric hip flexion contractions to examine peak torque and absolute and normalized rate of torque development (RTD) at time intervals of 0 to 100 and 100 to 200 milliseconds. Ultrasonography was used to examine RF muscle cross-sectional area and echo intensity. Peak torque, absolute RTD at 0 to 100 milliseconds, and absolute and normalized RTD at 100 to 200 milliseconds were significantly lower (P = .004-.045) in the old compared with the young men. The older men exhibited lower cross-sectional area (P = .015) and higher echo intensity (P = .007) than the young men. Moreover, there were positive relationships between cross-sectional area and absolute RTD at 0 to 100 milliseconds (r = .400) and absolute RTD at 100 to 200 milliseconds (r = .450) and negative relationships between echo intensity and absolute RTD at 100 to 200 milliseconds (r = -.457) and normalized RTD at 100 to 200 milliseconds (r = -.373). These findings indicate that hip flexion maximal and rapid strength and RF muscle size and composition decrease in old age. The relationships observed between ultrasound-derived RF parameters and measurements of RTD suggest that these age-related declines in muscle size and composition may be relevant to hip flexion rapid torque production.
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Bali AU, Harmon KK, Burton AM, Phan DC, Mercer NE, Lawless NW, Stock MS. Muscle strength, not age, explains unique variance in echo intensity. Exp Gerontol 2020; 139:111047. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Age-related neuromuscular fatigue and recovery after cycling: Measurements in isometric and dynamic modes. Exp Gerontol 2020; 133:110877. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Akagi R, Hinks A, Davidson B, Power GA. Differential contributions of fatigue-induced strength loss and slowing of angular velocity to power loss following repeated maximal shortening contractions. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14362. [PMID: 32034892 PMCID: PMC7007446 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between fatigue-induced reductions in isometric torque and isotonic power and to quantify the extent to which the decreases in angular velocity and dynamic torque can explain the power loss immediately following an isotonic fatiguing task and throughout recovery in seven young males and six young females. All measurements were performed with both legs. For dorsiflexion, fatigue-related time-course changes in isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) torque, angular velocity, dynamic torque, and power production following repeated maximal isotonic contractions (load: 20% MVC) were investigated before, immediately after, and 1, 2, 5 and 10 min after a fatiguing task. There were no relationships between the fatigue-related reductions in isometric MVC torque and peak power at any timepoint, suggesting that fatigue-induced reductions in isometric MVC torque does not entirely reflect fatigue-induced changes in dynamic performance. The relative contribution of fatigue-related reduction in dynamic torque on power loss was greater immediately following the task, and lower throughout recovery than the corresponding decrease in angular velocity. Thus, power loss immediately following the task was more strongly related to the decline in dynamic torque; however, this relationship shifted throughout recovery to a greater dependence on slowing of angular velocity for power loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Akagi
- College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Avery Hinks
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Brooke Davidson
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Geoffrey A Power
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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El-Ashker S, Chaabene H, Prieske O, Abdelkafy A, Ahmed MA, Muaidi QI, Granacher U. Effects of Neuromuscular Fatigue on Eccentric Strength and Electromechanical Delay of the Knee Flexors: The Role of Training Status. Front Physiol 2019; 10:782. [PMID: 31293448 PMCID: PMC6606703 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To examine the effects of fatiguing isometric contractions on maximal eccentric strength and electromechanical delay (EMD) of the knee flexors in healthy young adults of different training status. Methods: Seventy-five male participants (27.7 ± 5.0 years) were enrolled in this study and allocated to three experimental groups according to their training status: athletes (ATH, n = 25), physically active adults (ACT, n = 25), and sedentary participants (SED, n = 25). The fatigue protocol comprised intermittent isometric knee flexions (6-s contraction, 4-s rest) at 60% of the maximum voluntary contraction until failure. Pre- and post-fatigue, maximal eccentric knee flexor strength and EMDs of the biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus muscles were assessed during maximal eccentric knee flexor actions at 60, 180, and 300°/s angular velocity. An analysis of covariance was computed with baseline (unfatigued) data included as a covariate. Results: Significant and large-sized main effects of group (p ≤ 0.017, 0.87 ≤ d ≤ 3.69) and/or angular velocity (p < 0.001, d = 1.81) were observed. Post hoc tests indicated that regardless of angular velocity, maximal eccentric knee flexor strength was lower and EMD was longer in SED compared with ATH and ACT (p ≤ 0.025, 0.76 ≤ d ≤ 1.82) and in ACT compared with ATH (p = ≤0.025, 0.76 ≤ d ≤ 1.82). Additionally, EMD at post-test was significantly longer at 300°/s compared with 60 and 180°/s (p < 0.001, 2.95 ≤ d ≤ 4.64) and at 180°/s compared with 60°/s (p < 0.001, d = 2.56), irrespective of training status. Conclusion: The main outcomes revealed significantly higher maximal eccentric strength and shorter eccentric EMDs of knee flexors in individuals with higher training status (i.e., athletes) following fatiguing exercises. Therefore, higher training status is associated with better neuromuscular functioning (i.e., strength, EMD) of the hamstring muscles in fatigued condition. Future longitudinal studies are needed to substantiate the clinical relevance of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said El-Ashker
- Self-Development Department, Deanship of Preparatory Year, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Helmi Chaabene
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognitive Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Olaf Prieske
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognitive Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ashraf Abdelkafy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Ahmed
- Department of Family Medicine, American University of Beirut (AUB), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Qassim I Muaidi
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Urs Granacher
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognitive Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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El-Ashker S, Allardyce JM, Carson BP. Sex-related differences in joint-angle-specific hamstring-to-quadriceps function following fatigue. Eur J Sport Sci 2019; 19:1053-1061. [DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1574904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Said El-Ashker
- Self-Development Department, Deanship of Preparatory Year, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joanna M. Allardyce
- School of Allied Health, Education & Health Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Brian P. Carson
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Education & Health Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Alota Ignacio Pereira V, Augusto Barbieri F, Moura Zagatto A, Cezar Rocha Dos Santos P, Simieli L, Augusto Barbieri R, Pivetta Carpes F, Teresa Bucken Gobbi L. Muscle Fatigue Does Not Change the Effects on Lower Limbs Strength Caused by Aging and Parkinson's Disease. Aging Dis 2018; 9:988-998. [PMID: 30574412 PMCID: PMC6284767 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2018.0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the impact of aging and Parkinson’s disease (PD) on lower limb muscle strength before and after muscle fatigue. One hundred thirty-five individuals were distributed over seven groups according to their age (20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 years old) and disease. Participants performed maximum voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) in a leg press device followed by the muscle fatigue protocol (repeated sit-to-stand task). Immediately after muscle fatigue (less than 2 min), the MVIC were repeated. The peak force, peak rate of force development (first 50, 100, 200 ms), and root mean square and peak values of the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis muscle activity during MVIC were calculated before and after muscle fatigue. We found more pronounced reductions in lower limb muscle strength parameters (lower limb force, RFD-100 and RFD-200 - p<0.05) in individuals over 50 years of age and with PD. In addition, there was an inverse relation between aging and lower limb muscle strength parameters. The main findings were the lack of changes in peak force, RFDs and muscle activity of the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis after muscle fatigue according to aging and PD, and similar lower limb muscle strength parameters (before and after muscle fatigue) and effect of muscle fatigue in PD compared to the aged groups (60 and 70 years old groups).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Alota Ignacio Pereira
- 1Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Fabio Augusto Barbieri
- 1Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Moura Zagatto
- 1Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cezar Rocha Dos Santos
- 2Posture and Gait Studies Laboratory (LEPLO), Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Lucas Simieli
- 1Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Augusto Barbieri
- 3Graduate Program in Physical Education and Sport at School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirao Preto (EEFERP), University of Sao Paulo, Centro Universitário Estacio de Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Felipe Pivetta Carpes
- 4Applied Neuromechanics Group, Laboratory of Neuromechanics, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, Brazil
| | - Lilian Teresa Bucken Gobbi
- 2Posture and Gait Studies Laboratory (LEPLO), Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Rio Claro, Brazil
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14
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KRÜGER RENATAL, ABOODARDA SAIEDJALAL, SAMOZINO PIERRE, RICE CHARLESL, MILLET GUILLAUMEY. Isometric versus Dynamic Measurements of Fatigue: Does Age Matter? A Meta-analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018; 50:2132-2144. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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15
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Kirk EA, Gilmore KJ, Rice CL. Neuromuscular changes of the aged human hamstrings. J Neurophysiol 2018; 120:480-488. [PMID: 29668388 PMCID: PMC6139447 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00794.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the life-long importance for posture and locomotion, neuromuscular properties of the hamstrings muscle have not been explored with adult aging. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare age-related effects on contractile function, spinal motor neuron output expressed as motor unit (MU) discharge rates in the hamstrings of 11 young (26 ± 4 yr) and 10 old (80 ± 5 yr) men. Maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVC), stimulated contractile properties, and surface and intramuscular electromyography (EMG) from submaximal to MVC were recorded in the biceps femoris (BF) and semimembranosus-semitendinosus (SS) muscles. MVC torque was ~50% less in the old with both age groups attaining ≥93% mean voluntary activation. Evoked twitches in the old were ~50% lower in amplitude and >150% longer in duration compared with those in the young. At successive voluntary contractions of 25, 50, and 100% MVC, MU discharge rates were up to 45% lower in old, with no differences in relative submaximal surface EMG between age groups. Furthermore, the old had significantly lower MU discharge rates in the SS at all contraction intensities compared with the BF muscle. Men in their 8th to 10th decades of life demonstrate substantially lower strength and MU discharge rates in this functionally important large lower limb muscle group, with greater age-related effect on discharge rates in the medial hamstrings. These findings, compared with those in other muscles studied, highlight that the neuromuscular properties of limb muscles, and indeed within functionally similar portions of a muscle group, are not all affected equally by the aging process. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In the hamstrings, we found that both contractile function and motor unit discharge rates across the range of voluntary intensities were lower in the old. The differences in discharge rates due to age were greater in the medial hamstrings muscle group compared with the lateral hamstrings. Compared with previous studies, these results highlight that not all muscles are affected equally by aging and there may be compartmental differences within functionally similar muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Kirk
- Neuromuscular Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario , Canada
| | - Kevin J Gilmore
- Neuromuscular Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario , Canada
| | - Charles L Rice
- Neuromuscular Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario , Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario , Canada
- The Canadian Centre for Activity and Ageing, The University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario , Canada
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16
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Thompson BJ, Cazier CS, Bressel E, Dolny DG. A lower extremity strength-based profile of NCAA Division I women’s basketball and gymnastics athletes: implications for knee joint injury risk assessment. J Sports Sci 2017; 36:1749-1756. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2017.1412245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brennan J. Thompson
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Curtis S. Cazier
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Eadric Bressel
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Dennis G. Dolny
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
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17
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Mota JA, Stock MS. Rectus Femoris Echo Intensity Correlates with Muscle Strength, but Not Endurance, in Younger and Older Men. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2017; 43:1651-1657. [PMID: 28533003 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We examined correlations between echo intensity and muscle strength and endurance. Rectus femoris echo intensity, maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) force and time to task failure during a 50% MVC task were determined for 12 younger (mean age = 25 y) and 13 older (mean age = 74 y) men. Bivariate correlations between echo intensity and normalized MVC force were similar for younger and older men, but was only statistically significant for the latter (younger r = -0.559, p = 0.059; older r = -0.580, p = 0.038). When all patients were combined, the correlation was significant (r = -0.733, p < 0.001). Significant correlations were not observed for time to task failure (younger r = -0.382, p = 0.221; older r = -0.347, p = 0.246; all patients r = -0.229, p = 0.270). Rectus femoris echo intensity is associated with muscle strength, but not endurance, in younger and older men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Mota
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matt S Stock
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, Department of Health Professions, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA.
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18
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Solianik R, Kreivėnaitė L, Streckis V, Mickevičienė D, Skurvydas A. Effects of age and sex on fatigability and recovery from a sustained maximal isometric voluntary contraction. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2016; 32:61-69. [PMID: 28040567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to assess the effects of sex and age on fatigability and recovery from sustained maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of the knee extensor muscles. The central (central activation ratio (CAR) and electrical activity amplitude) and peripheral (electrically evoked torque and muscle contractile properties) factors contributing to fatigue and recovery of 24 young adults (12 males) aged 23.2±3.6years and 20 older adults (12 males) aged 70.6±4.4years were compared. The increase in central and peripheral fatigue was greater (p⩽0.01) in the young adults vs the older adults. Sex differences (p=0.002) regarding MVC were attributed to the greater (p<0.01) peripheral fatigue of males vs females. The recovery rate of MVC was greater (p<0.001) in the young adults vs the older adults, with no sex effect. The recovery of MVC was correlated with the CAR in older adults (p=0.001). Thus, the greater endurance observed with age is caused by differences in central and peripheral mechanisms, whereas the greater endurance in females is caused by a difference in a mechanism located within the muscle. The impaired recovery from fatigue in older adults relied more on the recovery of central factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Solianik
- Institute of Sports Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto str. 6, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Lina Kreivėnaitė
- Institute of Sports Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto str. 6, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Streckis
- Institute of Sports Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto str. 6, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dalia Mickevičienė
- Institute of Sports Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto str. 6, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Albertas Skurvydas
- Institute of Sports Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto str. 6, Kaunas, Lithuania
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