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da Silva SDCS, Pires FDO, Serra LDLP, Reis CBF, de Abreu LP, Pereira PTVT, Cabido CET, Leite RD. Effects of different resistance training programmings on the relative strength, body composition, anthropometric variables, and metabolic risk of elderly women. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2024; 39:496-504. [PMID: 38876674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2024.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of two different programming models of resistance training (RT) on metabolic risk, anthropometric variables, and relative strength in elderly women. The research was a prospective and comparative longitudinal study with a non-probabilistic random sample. Twenty-two elderly women (64 ± 3 years) was divided into two experimental groups being the Linear programming (LP, n = 12) and Daily undulatory programming (DUP, n = 10), with 3 sessions/week for 12 weeks. Submaximal strength (10RM) was evaluated in the horizontal leg press (HL), pulldown (PD), leg curl (LC), vertical bench press (BP), and leg extension (LE). Anthropometric variables, food intake (R24h) and submaximal strength (10RM) was analyzed. Participants were initially classified as overweight or obese evaluated by body mass index (BMI) and percentual of fat mass (%FM) and with moderate to high risk to develop metabolic diseases evaluated by hip-waist ratio (HWR), waist-height ratio (WHR) and waist circumference (WC). There is no change for metabolic risk and anthropometric variables after the intervention period. There was a significant improvement for relative strength accessed by 10RM and body weight (10RM/BW), and lean body mass (10RM/LBM) (p < 0.05), with large or medium effect size for most of variables after 12 weeks of RT. As a conclusion, both programmings increased relative strength after 12 weeks of RT with attenuated change in body composition and metabolic risk in elderly women in both programming groups and all those strategies can be used in elderly women to improve strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surama do Carmo Souza da Silva
- Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Science Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
| | - Flavio de Oliveira Pires
- Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Brendo Ferreira Reis
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education of Federal University of Espírito Santo, Center of Physical Education and Sports, Sports Department, Laboratory of Exercise Physiology (LAFEX), Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Leudyenne Pacheco de Abreu
- Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Paula Tâmara Vieira Teixeira Pereira
- Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Science Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Christian Emmanuel Torres Cabido
- Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Richard Diego Leite
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education of Federal University of Espírito Santo, Center of Physical Education and Sports, Sports Department, Laboratory of Exercise Physiology (LAFEX), Vitoria, Brazil
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Liu Q, Wang C, Guo X, Du Q, Keshavarzi M. Curcumin and its nano-formulations combined with exercise: From molecular mechanisms to clinic. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4061. [PMID: 38812287 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Curcumin is a strong substance derived from turmeric, a popular spice, renowned for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory abilities. The study delved deeply into a thorough examination of various sources to evaluate the impact of both regular curcumin and nano-formulated curcumin on elements that impact physical performance, including muscular strain, discomfort, swelling, and oxidative tension. While engaging in exercise, the body experiences a rise in reactive oxygen species and inflammation. As a result, it is important to ensure a proper balance between internal and external sources of antioxidants to maintain stability in the skeletal muscle. Without this balance, there is a risk of muscle soreness, damage, and ultimately, a decline in exercise performance. Curcumin possesses the ability to enhance physical performance and reduce the symptoms of muscle fatigue and injury by virtue of its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Including curcumin supplements appears to have advantageous effects on various aspects of exercise, such as enhancing performance, assisting with recovery, lessening muscle damage and discomfort, and lowering levels of inflammation and oxidative stress. However, a thorough assessment is necessary to precisely gauge the healing advantages of curcumin in enhancing exercise ability and reducing recovery time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- School of Physical Education, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China
| | - Chengyu Wang
- School of Physical Education, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China
| | - Xinyan Guo
- School of Physical Education, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China
| | - Qiankun Du
- School of Physical Education, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China
| | - Maryam Keshavarzi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Nunes PRP, Castro-E-Souza P, de Oliveira AA, Camilo BDF, Cristina-Souza G, Vieira-Souza LM, Carneiro MADS. Effect of resistance training volume on body adiposity, metabolic risk, and inflammation in postmenopausal and older females: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 13:145-159. [PMID: 37788790 PMCID: PMC10980902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This meta-analytical study aimed to explore the effects of resistance training (RT) volume on body adiposity, metabolic risk, and inflammation in postmenopausal and older females. METHODS A systematic search was performed for randomized controlled trials in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO. Randomized controlled trials with postmenopausal and older females that compared RT effects on body adiposity, metabolic risk, and inflammation with a control group (CG) were included. Independent reviewers selected the studies, extracted the data, and performed the risk of bias and certainty of the evidence (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE)) evaluations. Total body and abdominal adiposity, blood lipids, glucose, and C-reactive protein were included for meta-analysis. A random-effects model, standardized mean difference (Hedges' g), and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were used for meta-analysis. RESULTS Twenty randomized controlled trials (overall risk of bias: some concerns; GRADE: low to very low) with overweight/obese postmenopausal and older females were included. RT groups were divided into low-volume RT (LVRT, ∼44 sets/week) and high-volume RT (HVRT, ∼77 sets/week). Both RT groups presented improved body adiposity, metabolic risk, and inflammation when compared to CG. However, HVRT demonstrated higher effect sizes than LVRT for glucose (HVRT = -1.19; 95%CI: -1.63 to -0.74; LVRT = -0.78; 95%CI:-1.15 to -0.41) and C-reactive protein (HVRT = -1.00; 95%CI: -1.32 to -0.67; LVRT = -0.34; 95%CI, -0.63 to -0.04)) when compared to CG. CONCLUSION Compared to CG, HVRT protocols elicit greater improvements in metabolic risk and inflammation outcomes than LVRT in overweight/obese postmenopausal and older females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Ricardo Prado Nunes
- Department of Body and Human Movement, Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), 37902-092 Passos, MG, Brazil; University Center of Planalto de Araxá (UNIARAXA), 38180-129 Araxá, MG, Brazil; Physical Activity, Health and Ageing Research Group (GPASE), Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), 37902-092 Passos, MG, Brazil; Exercise and Nutrition Research Group (GPEN), Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), 37902-092 Passos, MG, Brazil; Sport Sciences and Physical Exercise Study and Research Group - (GEPCEEX), Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), 37902-092 Passos, MG, Brazil.
| | - Pâmela Castro-E-Souza
- Metabolism, Nutrition and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University (UEL), 86050-070 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno de Freitas Camilo
- Department of Body and Human Movement, Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), 37902-092 Passos, MG, Brazil; Physical Activity, Health and Ageing Research Group (GPASE), Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), 37902-092 Passos, MG, Brazil; Exercise and Nutrition Research Group (GPEN), Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), 37902-092 Passos, MG, Brazil; Sport Sciences and Physical Exercise Study and Research Group - (GEPCEEX), Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), 37902-092 Passos, MG, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Cristina-Souza
- Department of Body and Human Movement, Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), 37902-092 Passos, MG, Brazil; Exercise and Nutrition Research Group (GPEN), Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), 37902-092 Passos, MG, Brazil; Sport Sciences and Physical Exercise Study and Research Group - (GEPCEEX), Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), 37902-092 Passos, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucio Marques Vieira-Souza
- Department of Body and Human Movement, Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), 37902-092 Passos, MG, Brazil; Sport Sciences and Physical Exercise Study and Research Group - (GEPCEEX), Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), 37902-092 Passos, MG, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), 49107-230 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Augusto da Silva Carneiro
- Metabolism, Nutrition and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University (UEL), 86050-070 Londrina, PR, Brazil
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Silva FM, Duarte-Mendes P, Teixeira AM, Soares CM, Ferreira JP. The effects of combined exercise training on glucose metabolism and inflammatory markers in sedentary adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1936. [PMID: 38253590 PMCID: PMC10803738 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51832-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the magnitude of the effect of combined exercise training on glucose metabolism markers, adipokines, and inflammatory cytokines in non-diabetic sedentary adults. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library electronic databases and reference lists of included studies were explored for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that included physically inactive adults and provided combined training interventions (aerobic plus resistance exercise). Effects on fasting glucose and insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), HbA1c, adiponectin, leptin, IL-6, TNF-α, and C-reactive protein (CRP) in exercise vs control groups were analyzed using random effects meta-analysis. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomized Trials 2.0 (RoB 2) was used to assess the risk of bias. A total of 24 RCTs were included in the quantitative analysis. Combined exercise training significantly decrease fasting glucose (standardized mean difference, SMD: - 0.474, 95% CI [- 0.829, - 0.120], p = 0.009, 35 study arms), fasting insulin (SMD: - 1.024, 95% CI [- 1.502, - 0.545], p < 0.001, 27 study arms), HOMA-IR (SMD: - 0.946, 95% CI [- 1.450, - 0.442], p < 0.001, 23 study arms), TNF-α (SMD: - 0.972, 95% CI [- 1.361, - 0.582], p < 0.001, 10 study arms), and CRP (SMD: - 0.507, 95% CI [- 0.818, - 0.196], p = 0.001, 14 study arms). No significant effects were observed for HbA1c, adiponectin, leptin, and IL-6 levels. Random effects meta-regression models by age, sex, and intervention length were not able to explain any of the variation in the effect size of HOMA-IR. Findings from this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that combined exercise training improves some glucose metabolism markers and inflammatory parameters in sedentary adults without diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda M Silva
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, FCDEF, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, Uid/Dtp/04213/2020), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Duarte-Mendes
- Department of Sports and Well-Being, Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal
- Sport, Health and Exercise Research Unit (SHERU), Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal
- Sport Physical activity and health Research & INnovation CenTer, SPRINT, Santarém, Portugal
| | - Ana M Teixeira
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, FCDEF, Coimbra, Portugal
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, Uid/Dtp/04213/2020), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos M Soares
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, FCDEF, Coimbra, Portugal
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, Uid/Dtp/04213/2020), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Molecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José P Ferreira
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, FCDEF, Coimbra, Portugal
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, Uid/Dtp/04213/2020), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Tan L, Yan W, Yang W, Kamionka A, Lipowski M, Zhao Z, Zhao G. Effect of exercise on inflammatory markers in postmenopausal women with overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Exp Gerontol 2023; 183:112310. [PMID: 37844768 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Postmenopausal women affected by overweight and obesity are susceptible to a variety of diseases due to inflammation. Exercise may reduce the risk of disease by attenuating low-grade chronic inflammation. OBJECTIVE We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effects of exercise on inflammatory markers in postmenopausal women struggling with overweight and obesity. METHOD Literature as of May 2023 was searched from databases such as Cochrane, Embase, Pubmed, Web of Science, and EBSCO and English-language randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that meet the inclusion criteria were selected. Studies were included based on the following criteria: (A) Written in English; (B) RCTs; (C) Postmenopausal women impacted by overweight and obesity as research objects; (D) Outcome measurements include CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, and adiponectin; (E) Duration of the exercise intervention is eight weeks. RESULTS A total of 34 articles and 2229 participants were included. Exercise can significantly reduce the level of C-reactive protein (CRP) (MD: -0.59, 95 % CI: -0.87 to -0.31, p < 0.00001), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (MD: -0.65, 95 % CI: -0.94 to -0.35, p < 0.00001), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (MD: -0.48, 95 % CI: -0.75 to -0.21, p < 0.00001), and exercise can significantly increase the level of adiponectin (MD: 0.33, 95 % CI: 0.02 to 0.65, p = 0.04) in women impacted by overweight and obesity. CONCLUSION These results suggest that exercise may be an effective intervention for reducing pro-inflammatory markers and increasing adiponectin in postmenopausal women impacted by overweight and obesity. The findings may provide clinicians and healthcare professionals with insights into the implementation of exercise programs for postmenopausal women living with overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Tan
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland; Changsha Commerce & Tourism College, 410116, Changsha, China.
| | - Weihua Yan
- School of Management, Beijing Sport University, 100084, Beijing, China.
| | - Weilin Yang
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Agata Kamionka
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Lipowski
- Faculty of Social and Humanities, University WSB Merito, 80-266 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Zijian Zhao
- Physical Education Institute (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Gang Zhao
- Changsha Commerce & Tourism College, 410116, Changsha, China.
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Nilsson S, Hammar M, West J, Borga M, Thorell S, Spetz Holm AC. Resistance training decreased abdominal adiposity in postmenopausal women. Maturitas 2023; 176:107794. [PMID: 37421844 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2023.107794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate if abdominal adipose tissue volumes and ratios change after a 15-week structured resistance training intervention in postmenopausal women with vasomotor symptoms (VMS). STUDY DESIGN Sixty-five postmenopausal women with VMS and low physical activity were randomized to either three days/week supervised resistance training or unchanged physical activity for 15 weeks. Women underwent clinical anthropometric measurements and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at baseline and after 15 weeks. MRI was done using a Philips Ingenia 3.0 T MR scanner (Philips, Best, The Netherlands). The per protocol principle was used in the analysis of data. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS The absolute change from baseline to week 15 in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume and the relative ratio (VAT ratio) between VAT and total abdominal adipose tissue (TAAT), i.e. the sum of abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (ASAT) and VAT. RESULTS There were no significant differences between the groups in characteristics, anthropometry or MRI measures at baseline. Women who were compliant with the intervention (i.e. participated in at least two of the three scheduled training sessions per week) had significantly different reduction over time in ASAT (p = 0.006), VAT (p = 0.002), TAAT (p = 0.003) and fat ratio (p < 0.001) compared with women in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Implementation of a 15-week resistance training regimen in midlife may help women to counteract the abdominal fat redistribution associated with the menopausal transition. CLINICAL TRIALS gov registered ID: NCT01987778.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Nilsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Mats Hammar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Janne West
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Center for Medical Image science and Visualization, CMIV, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Magnus Borga
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Center for Medical Image science and Visualization, CMIV, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sofia Thorell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anna-Clara Spetz Holm
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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He M, Hu S, Wang J, Wang J, Găman MA, Hariri Z, Tian Y. Effect of resistance training on lipid profile in postmenopausal women: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2023; 288:18-28. [PMID: 37421743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2023.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Physical exercise decreases cardiovascular risk and can alter the lipid profile in postmenopausal women. Although it is believed that resistance training can potentially decrease serum lipid levels in postmenopausal females, the evidence remains inconclusive. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was to clarify the impact of resistance training on the lipid profile in postmenopausal women. METHODS Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed/Medline and Embase were searched. RCTs that evaluated the effect of resistance training on total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) levels were included in this review. Effect size was estimated using the random effects model. Subgroup analyses based on age, duration of intervention, pre-enrolment serum lipid levels and body mass index were performed. RESULTS Data pooled from 19 RCTs revealed that resistance training can reduce TC [weighted mean difference (WMD) -11.47 mg/dl; p = 0.002], LDL-C (WMD -8.48 mg/dl; p = 0.01) and TG (WMD -6.61 mg/dl; p = 0.043) levels. TC levels decreased particularly in subjects aged < 60 years (WMD -10.77 mg/dl; p = 0.003), in RCTs lasting < 16 weeks (WMD -15.70 mg/dl; p = 0.048), and in subjects with hypercholesterolaemia (WMD -12.36 mg/dl; p = 0.001) or obesity (WMD -19.35 mg/dl; p = 0.006) before RCT enrolment. There was a significant decrease in LDL-C (WMD -14.38 mg/dl; p = 0.002) levels in patients with LDL-C ≥ 130 mg/dl before trial enrolment. Resistance training reduced HDL-C (WMD -2.97 mg/dl; p = 0.01) levels particularly in subjects with obesity. TG (WMD -10.71 mg/dl; p = 0.01) levels decreased particularly when the intervention lasted < 16 weeks. CONCLUSION Resistance training can decrease TC, LDL-C and TG levels in postmenopausal females. The impact of resistance training on HDL-C levels was small, and was only observed in individuals with obesity. The effect of resistance training on the lipid profile was more notable in short-term interventions and in postmenopausal women with dyslipidaemia or obesity before trial enrolment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min He
- Departments of Ultrasound, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/Key Laboratory of Obstetrics & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Sha Hu
- Departments of Ultrasound, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/Key Laboratory of Obstetrics & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Departments of Ultrasound, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/Key Laboratory of Obstetrics & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Departments of Ultrasound, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/Key Laboratory of Obstetrics & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Mihnea-Alexandru Găman
- Faculty of Medicine, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Department of Haematology, Centre of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Zahra Hariri
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yu Tian
- Departments of Ultrasound, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/Key Laboratory of Obstetrics & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China.
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Hofmann K, Flenker U, Kiewardt G, Diel PR. Combinatory Effects of Training and Nutritive Administration of Carbohydrates and Protein via Food on Strength in Postmenopausal Women, and Old Men and Women. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061531. [PMID: 36986261 PMCID: PMC10059059 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The age-related loss of muscle mass promotes many impairments. Training and protein supplementation are suggested to prevent muscle wasting, but recommendations for all populations are not based on scientific evidence. This study combines protein/carbohydrate supplementation (PCS) and training for seniors and postmenopausal women. Project A: 51 postmenopausal women (PMW, 57.3 ± 3.0 years old) underwent health-oriented training (12 weeks, moderate-strength training + moderate-endurance training). The intervention group (IG) additionally received 110 g sour milk cheese (SMC) and toast. Project B: 25 women and 6 men (65.9 ± 4.9 years old) performed intense sling training (12 weeks). The IG additionally received 110 g SMC, toast, and buttermilk. Strength was tested before and after in both studies. Project A: there was significant increase in strength, no additional effect of PCS, and a reduction in body fat in the controls. Project B: there was significant increase in strength, significant additional effects of PCS for trunk strength, and a significant reduction in body weight. Combining training and PCS may counteract strength loss. Combined endurance/resistance training is recommended to PMW for whom the benefits of PCS are restricted. Aged subjects may benefit from PCS when training intensely, but these benefits may be strongly individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Hofmann
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sports University, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ulrich Flenker
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sports University, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Gina Kiewardt
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sports University, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Patrick Rene Diel
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sports University, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
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Martins FM, Santagnello SB, de Oliveira Junior GN, de Sousa JDFR, Michelin MA, Nomelini RS, Murta EFC, Orsatti FL. Lower-Body Resistance Training Reduces Interleukin-1β and Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Levels and Fatigue and Increases Physical Performance in Breast Cancer Survivors. J Strength Cond Res 2023; 37:439-451. [PMID: 36696263 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Martins, FM, Santagnello, SB, de Oliveira Junior, GN, de Sousa, JdFR, Michelin, MA, Nomelini, RS, Murta, EFC, and Orsatti, FL. Lower-body resistance training reduces interleukin-1β and transforming growth factor-β1 levels and fatigue and increases physical performance in breast cancer survivors. J Strength Cond Res 37(2): 439-451, 2023-This article ascertains whether resistance training (RT) improves inflammatory markers, fatigue (sensations and fatigability), and physical performance in breast cancer survivors (BCS) and investigates whether the changes in the inflammatory markers, fatigue, and physical performance are associated with each other. Volunteers were randomly divided into 2 groups: control group (n = 11) and RT group (n = 11). Resistance training (3 sets of 8-12 repetitions with 80% 1 repetition maximum (1RM) on 4 exercises-leg extension, leg curl, 45° leg press, and calf raise) was performed 3 times a week for 12 weeks. Self-reported fatigue (SRF), fatigability (critical torque [CT] and W prime [W']), muscle strength, and circulating inflammatory markers were assessed using the Brief Fatigue Inventory, iDXA, 1RM test, protocol of 60 maximal voluntary isometric contractions, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Resistance training reduced interleukin (IL)-1β, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and SRF score and increased muscle strength, 6-minute walk test (6MWT), CT, and W'. In the RT group, the changes in SRF were positively associated with the changes in IL-1β. The changes in muscle strength were associated with the changes in CT and W', and the changes in the 6MWT were associated with the changes in CT, W', muscle strength, and SRF. Resistance training improved fatigue and physical performance and reduced IL-1β, and TGF-β1 in BCS. Although improvement in fatigability seems to be dependent on the increase in muscle strength, improvement in the sensation of fatigue seems to be dependent on the reduction in IL-1β after RT. Increase in physical performance seems to be dependent on improvement in muscle strength and fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Maria Martins
- Research Applied Physiology, Exercise Biology Research Group (BioEx), Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Samarita Beraldo Santagnello
- Research Applied Physiology, Exercise Biology Research Group (BioEx), Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Jairo de Freitas Rodrigues de Sousa
- Research Applied Physiology, Exercise Biology Research Group (BioEx), Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Márcia Antoniazi Michelin
- Research Institute of Oncology (IPON) and Gynecology and Obstetrics Course, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil ; and
| | - Rosekeila Simões Nomelini
- Research Institute of Oncology (IPON) and Gynecology and Obstetrics Course, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil ; and
| | - Eddie Fernando Candido Murta
- Research Institute of Oncology (IPON) and Gynecology and Obstetrics Course, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil ; and
| | - Fábio Lera Orsatti
- Research Applied Physiology, Exercise Biology Research Group (BioEx), Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Sport Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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The Efficacy of Strength Exercises for Reducing the Symptoms of Menopause: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12020548. [PMID: 36675477 PMCID: PMC9864448 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12020548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this systematic review was to determine whether strength exercises improve the symptoms of menopause and to provide an update on the most recent scientific evidence on the type and regimen of exercise that help reduce the symptoms. METHODS An electronic search of scientific databases was performed from 2015 to 2022. Randomized clinical trials that analyzed the effects of strength exercises versus other types of interventions, considering all the outcome measures of interest, were included in this review. RESULTS We found 5964 potential articles. After applying the selection criteria, we selected 12 of the articles. The studies compared strength exercises versus other therapies or compared strength exercises versus no intervention in one of the groups. The results showed improvements in the strength of the legs and pelvic floor, physical activity, bone density, metabolic and hormonal changes, heart rate and blood pressure and a change in hot flashes. CONCLUSIONS There is evidence that strength exercises can be beneficial for improving strength, physical activity, bone density and hormonal and metabolic levels. In terms of the appropriate type of strength training, the evidence is still unclear given that the same benefits are achieved by various types of exercises.
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Abstract
IMPORTANCE Numerous studies have been published assessing the effects of resistance muscle training to mitigate menopausal symptoms, given the endocrine muscle function and its metabolic regulation. Therefore, mapping and synthesizing high-quality studies are necessary to help clinical decisions. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the effects (benefits and harms) of resistance muscle training for postmenopausal women. EVIDENCE REVIEW Electronic searches were conducted in MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, CENTRAL, PEDro, LILACS, and SPORTDiscus up to December 2021. Two independent reviewers selected the retrieved references and extracted relevant data from included studies. The methodological quality (risk of bias) using the Cochrane Risk of Bias table and the certainty of the evidence (GRADE approach) were assessed. FINDINGS Twelve randomized clinical trials (n = 452) with unclear to high risk of bias were identified. Compared with no exercise, resistance training (up to 16 weeks) seems to promote an improvement in functional capacity (mean difference [MD], 2.90 points; 95% CI, 0.60-5.20) and bone mineral density (MD, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.10-0.10) and a reduction in the hot flash frequency (13/29 vs 1/29; risk ratio, 13.0; 95% CI, 1.82-93.01) and fat mass (MD, -3.15; 95% CI, -6.68 to 0.38), and no differences were observed between groups regarding abdominal circumference and body mass index. When compared with aerobic exercises, resistance training may result in a reduction of hot flash frequency (7/18 vs 14/18; risk ratio, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.27-0.94) and fat mass (MD, -7.80; 95% CI, -14.02 to -1.58) and no difference in the quality of life and body mass index. Regarding safety, no serious adverse events were reported. Based on the GRADE approach, the certainty of this evidence was graded as very low to low, leading to imprecisely estimated effects. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Resistance muscle training seems to improve postmenopausal symptoms and functional capacity. Given the low to very low certainty of the evidence, further randomized clinical trials with higher methodological quality and better reports are still needed. As an implication for clinical practice, health professionals should consider individualized aspects such as the previous history of exercise practice, physical capacity, and adaptation period.
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Arif M, Gaur DK, Gemini N, Iqbal ZA, Alghadir AH. Correlation of Percentage Body Fat, Waist Circumference and Waist-to-Hip Ratio with Abdominal Muscle Strength. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10122467. [PMID: 36553991 PMCID: PMC9778235 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10122467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sedentary lifestyle and consumption of high-fat foods have become widespread, especially in the urban population. This leads to a reduction in lean body mass and increased body fat. The correlation between body fat indices and low back pain has been less explored and documented. The aim of this study was to identify the correlation between the percentage of body fat, waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio and abdominal muscle strength. Percentage of body fat was estimated by using the body composition analyzer method using Tanita BC-545 Innerscan Segmental Body Composition. Waist-to-hip ratio was calculated by dividing the waist circumference by hip circumference. Abdominal muscle (rectus abdominis and external oblique) strength was measured by maximum voluntary isometric contraction as measured by surface electromyography. A positive correlation was observed between waist circumference and the percentage of body fat, while a negative correlation was observed between the average maximum voluntary isometric contraction of rectus abdominis and external oblique muscles and the percentage of body fat. Individuals with a high percentage of body fat tend to have higher fat distribution over the abdominal region and decreased abdominal muscle strength. Therapists should emphasize the use of abdominal muscles in individuals with high body fat in order to reduce the associated risk of the development of poor posture and low back pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munazza Arif
- Banarsidas Chandiwala Institute of Physiotherapy, New Delhi 110019, India
| | - Davinder K. Gaur
- Banarsidas Chandiwala Institute of Physiotherapy, New Delhi 110019, India
| | - Nishant Gemini
- Primus Super Specialty Hospital, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Zaheen A. Iqbal
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Ahmad H. Alghadir
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Xin C, Ye M, Zhang Q, He H. Effect of Exercise on Vascular Function and Blood Lipids in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191912074. [PMID: 36231376 PMCID: PMC9564891 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study aimed to compare and rank the effectiveness of aerobic exercise (AE), resistance training (RT), combined training (CT), and water exercise (WE) on vascular function and blood lipids in postmenopausal women using a network meta-analysis (NMA). METHODS We searched the PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, and EBSCO (SPORTDiscus) databases to identify randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of exercise on vascular function and blood lipids in postmenopausal women. The retrieval period was from inception to March 2022. Two reviewers independently screened the retrieved articles, extracted pertinent data, and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. RESULTS A total of 38 studies involving 1407 patients were included in this study. The results of the NMA indicated that WE had the greatest effect on systolic blood pressure (SBP) (surface under the cumulative ranking [SUCRA] = 84.9) and total cholesterol (TC) (SUCRA = 93.1); CT had the greatest effect on triglycerides (TG) (SUCRA = 96.2), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (SUCRA = 94.8), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (SUCRA = 91.1); RT had the greatest effect on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (SUCRA = 79.4). CONCLUSION The results suggest that exercise can effectively improve the PWV, SBP, and DBP and the levels of TC, TG, and LDL-C in postmenopausal women. WE had the best effect on improving TC and SBP. CT had the best effect on improving TG, HDL-C, and DBP. To improve LDL-C, RT can achieve a good effect. Considering the limitations of NMA, more RCTS need to be performed in the future to provide more direct evidence of the effectiveness of various exercise interventions on vascular health in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Xin
- Department of Chinese Academy of Sport and Health, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Mingyi Ye
- Department of Chinese Academy of Sport and Health, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hui He
- Department of Chinese Academy of Sport and Health, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
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de Magalhães ACL, Carvalho VF, da Cruz SP, Ramalho A. Dose-Response Relationship of Resistance Training on Metabolic Phenotypes, Body Composition and Lipid Profile in Menopausal Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10369. [PMID: 36012004 PMCID: PMC9408617 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between volume training of resistance training (RT), body composition and cardiometabolic profile in menopausal women is poorly understand. This study aimed to evaluate the dose−response relationship of RT on lipid profile, body composition and metabolic phenotypes in menopausal women. A total of 31 women were categorized according to different volume of RT. Body composition was evaluated by DEXA and the cardiometabolic risk by metabolic phenotypes and lipid profile. There was a higher frequency of metabolically unhealthy phenotype in women who practiced RT for less than two years and had a weekly frequency lower than three days a week (p > 0.05). Women with more than two years and a higher weekly frequency of RT had lower trunk fat mass than their counterparties (15.33 ± 7.56 versus 10.57 ± 4.87, p = 0.04; 16.31 ± 7.46 versus 10.98 ± 5.49, p = 0.03, respectively). There was an association between HDL-c and time of RT in years. A moderate correlation was identified between variables of body adiposity, time in years and weekly frequency of RT. The present study concludes that more time in years and weekly frequency of RT practice are associated with lower body adiposity in menopausal women, the first also being associated with HDL-c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carla Leocadio de Magalhães
- Center of Micronutrients Researche, Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20000, Brazil
| | - Vilma Fernandes Carvalho
- Center of Micronutrients Researche, Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20000, Brazil
- Kinanthropometry Laboratory, Belo Horizonte Campus, Salgado de Oliveira University, Belo Horizonte 30170, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Pereira da Cruz
- Center of Micronutrients Researche, Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20000, Brazil
| | - Andrea Ramalho
- Center of Micronutrients Researche, Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20000, Brazil
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Redox Status of Postmenopausal Women with Single or Multiple Cardiometabolic Diseases Has a Similar Response to Mat Pilates Training. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081445. [PMID: 35892647 PMCID: PMC9331979 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal women have a high prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases and that may associate with higher oxidative stress. Exercise can contribute to the treatment of such diseases, but some modalities, such as Mat Pilates, need to be further studied in terms of their physiological responses. Our aim was to investigate the effects of 12 weeks of Mat Pilates on redox status in postmenopausal women with one or multiple comorbidities of cardiometabolic diseases. Forty-four postmenopausal women were divided into two groups: SINGLE, composed of women with one cardiometabolic disease (n = 20) and MULT, with multimorbidity (n = 24). Mat Pilates training was conducted three times a week for 12 weeks, and each session lasted 50 min. Plasma samples were collected before and after training to analyze the following redox markers: superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, total antioxidant capacity due to ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), reduced glutathione (GSH), uric acid, and carbonyl protein. ANCOVA showed interaction effects in FRAP (p = 0.014). Both groups had reduced levels of catalase (p = 0.240) and GSH (p = 0.309), and increased levels of carbonyl protein (p = 0.053) after intervention. In conclusion, the redox status of postmenopausal women shows no changes mediated by Mat Pilates training between SINGLE and MULT, except for greater reductions of FRAP in SINGLE.
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16
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Buckinx F, Aubertin-Leheudre M. Sarcopenia in Menopausal Women: Current Perspectives. Int J Womens Health 2022; 14:805-819. [PMID: 35769543 PMCID: PMC9235827 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s340537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Menopause is associated with hormonal changes, which could accelerate or lead to sarcopenia. Functional impairment and physical disability are the major consequences of sarcopenia. In order to hamper these negative health outcomes, it appears necessary to prevent and even treat sarcopenia, through healthy lifestyle changes including diet and regular physical activity or through hormonal replacement therapy when appropriate. Therefore, the purpose of this narrative review will be 1) to present the prevalence of sarcopenia in postmenopausal women; 2) to address the risk factors related to sarcopenia in this specific population; and 3) to discuss how to manage sarcopenia among postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Buckinx
- Département des Sciences de l'Activité Physique, Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adapté, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal (Qc), Canada.,Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montréal (Qc), Canada
| | - Mylène Aubertin-Leheudre
- Département des Sciences de l'Activité Physique, Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adapté, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal (Qc), Canada.,Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montréal (Qc), Canada
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17
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Batrakoulis A, Jamurtas AZ, Metsios GS, Perivoliotis K, Liguori G, Feito Y, Riebe D, Thompson WR, Angelopoulos TJ, Krustrup P, Mohr M, Draganidis D, Poulios A, Fatouros IG. Comparative Efficacy of 5 Exercise Types on Cardiometabolic Health in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of 81 Randomized Controlled Trials. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2022; 15:e008243. [PMID: 35477256 DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.121.008243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although regular exercise is recommended for preventing and treating overweight/obesity, the most effective exercise type for improving cardiometabolic health in individuals with overweight/obesity remains largely undecided. This network meta-analysis aimed to evaluate and rank the comparative efficacy of 5 exercise modalities on cardiometabolic health measures in individuals with overweight/obesity. METHODS A database search was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception up to September 2020. The review focused on randomized controlled trials involving exercise interventions consisting of continuous endurance training, interval training, resistance training, combined aerobic and resistance training (combined training), and hybrid-type training. Exercise interventions aimed to improve somatometric variables, body composition, lipid metabolism, glucose control, blood pressure, cardiorespiratory fitness, and muscular strength. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to evaluate eligible studies. A random-effects network meta-analysis was performed within a frequentist framework. The intervention ranking was carried out using a Bayesian model where mean and SD were equal to the respective frequentist estimates. RESULTS A total of 4331 participants (59% female; mean age: 38.7±12.3 years) from 81 studies were included. Combined training was the most effective modality and hybrid-type training the second most effective in improving cardiometabolic health-related outcomes in these populations suggesting a higher efficacy for multicomponent exercise interventions compared to single-component modalities, that is, continuous endurance training, interval training, and resistance training. A subgroup analysis revealed that the effects from different exercise types were mediated by gender. CONCLUSIONS These findings corroborate the latest guidelines on exercise for individuals with overweight/obesity highlighting the importance of a multicomponent exercise approach to improve cardiometabolic health. Physicians and healthcare professionals should consider prescribing multicomponent exercise interventions to adults with overweight/obesity to maximize clinical outcomes. REGISTRATION URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/; Unique identifier: CRD42020202647.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexios Batrakoulis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece (A.B., A.Z.J., D.D., A.P., I.G.F.)
| | - Athanasios Z Jamurtas
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece (A.B., A.Z.J., D.D., A.P., I.G.F.)
| | - Georgios S Metsios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece (G.S.M.).,Russells Hall Hospital, Rheumatology, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley, United Kingdom (G.S.M.).,Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom (G.S.M.)
| | | | - Gary Liguori
- College of Health Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston (G.L., D.R.)
| | - Yuri Feito
- American College of Sports Medicine, Indianapolis, IN (Y.F.)
| | - Deborah Riebe
- College of Health Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston (G.L., D.R.)
| | - Walter R Thompson
- College of Education and Human Development, Georgia State University, Atlanta (W.R.T.)
| | - Theodore J Angelopoulos
- Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Science, University of Vermont, Burlington (T.J.A.)
| | - Peter Krustrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics (P.K.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense.,Section of Sport and Health Sciences and Danish Institute for Advanced Study (DIAS) (P.K.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense.,Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, United Kingdom (P.K.)
| | - Magni Mohr
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics (M.M.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense.,Centre of Health Science, Faculty of Health, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn (M.M.)
| | - Dimitrios Draganidis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece (A.B., A.Z.J., D.D., A.P., I.G.F.)
| | - Athanasios Poulios
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece (A.B., A.Z.J., D.D., A.P., I.G.F.)
| | - Ioannis G Fatouros
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece (A.B., A.Z.J., D.D., A.P., I.G.F.)
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Orsatti FL, Nunes PRP, da Silva Carneiro MA, Orsatti CL, Souza MVC. Heterogeneity in resistance training-induced muscle strength responses is associated with training frequency and insulin resistance in postmenopausal women. Exp Gerontol 2022; 163:111807. [PMID: 35421558 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In older adults, muscle strength (MS), a key component of sarcopenia, is essential to maintaining independence and physical capacity. The rate of muscle strength decline typically accelerates during the menopausal transition. Although MS has been shown to increase with resistance training (RT), the response to training is quite heterogeneous. Thus, if contributing factors to RT non-responsiveness to MS gains are identified, it may be possible to develop more effective and personalized ways to improve MS or identify individuals who may benefit from RT interventions. This study assessed potential factors that may contribute to MS response heterogeneity in postmenopausal women: training frequency, serum FSH and estrogen levels, adiposity, inflammation marker, and insulin resistance. METHODS One hundred and thirteen individuals participated in a 16-week program of supervised RT (3 sets, 8-12 repetitions, and 2-3 times/week). A control group (CTL, n = 63 - no performed the RT) was used as the comparator arm. Body composition (skinfold) and blood samples (metabolic and inflammatory indicators and hormones) were measured at baseline. Knee extensor strength (1RM) was measured at baseline, 8 weeks, and 16 weeks. RESULTS Only the RT group increased 1RM after 8 weeks (RT = 14 ± 12% vs. CTL = 6 ± 15%). Both groups increased 1RM after 16 weeks, with the RT group showing a greater increase than the CTL group (RT = 31 ± 23% vs CTL = 13 ± 25%). After 8 weeks of RT, 41 (36% of total) individuals were considered non-responders (based on control group responses) and 27 (24% of total) individuals after 16 weeks. At week 8, lower RT frequency (2 times/week vs. 3 times/week) was associated with higher odds of being non-responder (3 times, P = 0.048). At week 16, lower RT frequency (13 times, P = 0.009) and higher HOMA-IR (for every unit increase, odds increase by 40%, P = 0.022) were associated with higher odds of being non-responder. Higher QUICKI was associated with lower odds of being non-responder (for every unit increase, odds decrease by 16%, P = 0.039). Moreover, higher RT frequency (17 times, P = 0.028) and higher QUICKI (for every unit increase, odds increase by 41%, P = 0.017) were associated with higher odds of becoming a responder at week 16, being a non-responder at week 8. CONCLUSION Heterogeneity in RT-induced MS responses is associated with training frequency and insulin resistance in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Lera Orsatti
- Exercise Biology Research Lab (BioEx), Department of Sport Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Exercise Research Group, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Ricardo Prado Nunes
- Department of Physical Education, Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), Passos, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Exercise Research Group, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Augusto da Silva Carneiro
- Metabolism, Nutrition and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Exercise Research Group, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Lera Orsatti
- Department Health Science, Oeste Paulista University - UNOESTE, Jaú, SP, Brazil; Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Exercise Research Group, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Markus Vinícius Campus Souza
- Exercise Biology Research Lab (BioEx), Department of Sport Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Exercise Research Group, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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19
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Cunha PM, Ribeiro AS, Padilha C, Nunes JP, Schoenfeld BJ, Cyrino LT, Tomeleri CM, Nascimento MA, Antunes M, Fernandes RR, Barbosa DS, Venturini D, Burini RC, Sardinha LB, Cyrino ES. Improvement of Oxidative Stress in Older Women Is Dependent on Resistance Training Volume: Active Aging Longitudinal Study. J Strength Cond Res 2022; 36:1141-1146. [PMID: 35104066 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cunha, PM, Ribeiro, AS, Padilha, C, Nunes, JP, Schoenfeld, BJ, Cyrino, LT, Tomeleri, CM, Nascimento, MA, Antunes, M, Fernandes, RR, Barbosa, DS, Venturini, D, Burini, RC, Sardinha, LB, and Cyrino, ES. Improvement of oxidative stress in older women is dependent on resistance training volume: Active aging longitudinal study. J Strength Cond Res 36(4): 1141-1146, 2022-The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of resistance training (RT) performed with a higher versus lower training volume on oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers in older women. Thirty-eight older women (≥60 years) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: a group that performed 1 set per exercise (low volume [LV], n = 18) or 3 sets per exercise (high volume [HV], n = 20). The whole-body RT consisted of a 12-week RT program involving 8 exercises performed with sets of 10-15 repetitions maximum, 3 days per week. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP), and ferrous oxidation-xylenol orange (FOX) were used as OS biomarkers. The composite Z-score of the percentage changes from pre- to posttraining of OS biomarkers according to groups was calculated. A significant main effect of time (p < 0.05) was found for AOPP (LV = -7.3% vs. HV = -12.2%) and TRAP (LV = +1.5% vs. HV = +15.5%) concentrations, without a statistical difference between the groups (p > 0.05). A significant group vs. time interaction (p < 0.001) was revealed for FOX (LV = +6.4% vs. HV = -8.9%). The overall analysis indicated higher positive changes for HV than LV (composed Z-score: HV = 0.41 ± 1.22 vs. LV = -0.37 ± 1.03; p < 0.05). Our results suggest that a greater volume of RT seems to promote superior improvements on OS biomarkers in older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo M Cunha
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Alex S Ribeiro
- Center for Research in Health Sciences, University of Northern Paraná, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Camila Padilha
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Nunes
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Brad J Schoenfeld
- Exercise Science Department, CUNY Lehman College, Bronx, New York, NY
| | - Letícia T Cyrino
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Crisieli M Tomeleri
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Matheus A Nascimento
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Melissa Antunes
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo R Fernandes
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Décio S Barbosa
- Clinical Analyses Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Danielle Venturini
- Clinical Analyses Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Roberto C Burini
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu School of Medicine, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
- Exercise and Nutrition Metabolism Center from the Department of Public Health, Botucatu School of Medicine, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil; and
| | - Luís B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Human Performance, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Edilson S Cyrino
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
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Davis ME, Blake C, Perrotta C, Cunningham C, O'Donoghue G. Impact of training modes on fitness and body composition in women with obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:300-319. [PMID: 35088563 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of different exercise modalities and determine the optimal exercise prescription for improving cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and metabolic health of women with obesity. METHODS A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between January 1988 and October 2020 was conducted. The RCTs were screened using the following inclusion criteria: 1) participants: women aged 18 to 65 years with BMI > 30 kg/m2 and without comorbidities; 2) intervention: exercise; 3) comparison: non-intervention control; and 4) outcomes measures: cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen consumption), body composition (i.e., body weight, percentage body fat), and/or metabolic measures (i.e., blood pressure, cholesterol). RESULTS A total of 20 RCTs with a total of 2,062 participants were included. Although the results showed that any form of exercise was more effective than control, improvements in fitness and body composition were modest. Aerobic exercise (vigorous and moderate intensity) appeared most promising for improving fitness and body weight, whereas low-load resistance training resulted in the largest improvements in body fatness. CONCLUSIONS In women living with obesity, aerobic exercise was consistently effective in improving fitness and body composition. Although both resistance training and combined exercise interventions appear promising, more research is needed to evaluate their efficacy and determine an optimal exercise prescription for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Davis
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Catherine Blake
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Carla Perrotta
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Caitriona Cunningham
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Gráinne O'Donoghue
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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21
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Park JM, Kim YH, Lee SY, Kim AJ. Effect Size of Dietary Supplementation and Physical Exercise Interventions for Sarcopenia in Middle-Aged Women. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2021; 26:380-387. [PMID: 35047434 PMCID: PMC8747963 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2021.26.4.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this meta-analysis was to comprehensively analyze the relationship between intervention (di-etary supplementation and physical exercise), body composition, and physical activity capacity in middle-aged women with sarcopenia. A total of 19 studies published in the last ten years were selected. The overall effect size was small (0.29; 95% confidence interval: 0.195∼0.385). The Q value was 100.214 and the Higgin’s I2 value was 82.038. Each study was found to be heterogeneous and there was no publication bias. The effect size was increased when the number of study partici-pants increased from 50 to 100 and when dietary vitamin D supplementation was combined with resistance exercise. Fur-thermore, the effect on physical activity capacity was higher than that on body composition. In conclusion, dietary vitamin D supplementation combined with resistance training had a positive impact on middle-aged women with sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Min Park
- Department of Alternative Medicine, Kyonggi University, Seoul 03752, Korea
| | - Young-Ho Kim
- Department of Baking Science & Technology, Hyejeon College, Chungnam 32244, Korea
| | - So-Young Lee
- Department of Medium Therapy, The Graduate School of Alternative Medicine, Kyonggi University, Seoul 03752, Korea
| | - Ae-Jung Kim
- Department of Nutrition Therapy, The Graduate School of Alternative Medicine, Kyonggi University, Seoul 03752, Korea
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22
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Regenerative rehabilitation of skeletal muscle damages. КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ПРАКТИКА 2021. [DOI: 10.17816/clinpract70873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The article is devoted to the analysis of the current state of regenerative and rehabilitative treatments of skeletal muscles, the possibilities of restoring the functioning of tissue lost due to aging, injuries or diseases. The study of the molecular genetic basis of mechanotransduction and mechanotherapy will allow the identification of genes and molecules, the expression levels of which can serve as biomarkers of the effectiveness of regenerative-rehabilitation measures. These mechanisms are potential therapeutic targets for stimulating of regeneration of skeletal muscles. The focus of the article is on the choice of an individual approach, both when conducting basic scientific research and developing rehabilitation programs. All this will significantly improve patient outcomes.
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Ketterl TG, Ballard S, Bradford MC, Chow EJ, Jenssen K, Myers S, Rosenberg AR, Doren MV, Scott Baker K. Feasibility and acceptability of a home-based resistance training intervention in adolescent and young adult hematopoietic cell transplant survivors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2021; 68:e29206. [PMID: 34260139 PMCID: PMC8463478 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent and young adult (AYA) hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) survivors are at increased risk of metabolic syndrome and lean body mass (LBM) deficits. Resistance training (RT) is a potential intervention to improve LBM, metabolic fitness, and reduce risk of cardiovascular disease. PROCEDURE Eligible participants ages 13-39 years, 80-120 days post-HCT, transfusion independent, and prednisone dose ≤1 mg/kg/day were approached. Baseline assessments of body composition (DXA), anthropometrics, and strength testing were completed and participants were taught a 12-week, home-based RT intervention with weekly remote coaching. Follow-up assessments were at day +200 (FU1) and +365 post-HCT (FU2). Feasibility targets were (a) 60% enrollment of approached patients, (b) 80% completion of weekly phone calls, and (c) 80% completion of the RT intervention and FU1 assessments. Acceptability was based on positive responses in qualitative interviews. RESULTS Twenty of 31 (65%) eligible AYAs enrolled. Three participants failed to complete baseline measurements (2 = scheduling barriers, 1 = passive refusal) and four participants who completed baseline assessments did not receive the intervention (1 = medical reasons, 2 = no longer interested). Of those who completed baseline assessments, 13 received the intervention, completed 88.5% of coaching calls, and 11 (65%) completed FU1. LBM (kg) increased or remained unchanged in nine of nine participants with complete body composition data at FU1 (mean 1.1 kg; 95%CI: 0.4, 1.9). All participants who completed FU1 reported they would recommend the intervention to an AYA HCT survivor. CONCLUSIONS A home-based RT intervention in AYA HCT survivors early post HCT is both feasible and acceptable and may maintain or increase LBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler G. Ketterl
- Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA,Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Sheri Ballard
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Miranda C. Bradford
- Core for Biostatistics Epidemiology and Analytics in Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Eric J. Chow
- Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA,Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Kari Jenssen
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Sam Myers
- Exercise Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Abby R. Rosenberg
- Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA,Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Matt Van Doren
- Exercise Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - K. Scott Baker
- Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA,Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
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24
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Estrogen modulates metabolic risk profile after resistance training in early postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:1214-1224. [PMID: 34726661 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Women experience an unhealthy change in metabolic risk profile at menopause. The purpose of the present study was to determine effects of resistance training with or without transdermal estrogen therapy (ET) on adipose tissue mass and metabolic risk profile in early postmenopausal women. METHODS A double-blinded randomized controlled trial, where healthy, untrained postmenopausal women were allocated to supervised resistance training with placebo (PLC, n = 16) or transdermal ET (n = 15) for 12 weeks. Endpoints with prespecified hypotheses were the change in total fat mass (FM) (main endpoint) and the change in visceral FM (secondary endpoint) from before to after the intervention. Additionally, prespecified endpoints of body composition, metabolic health-related blood markers, fat%, fat cell size, and lipogenic markers in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) from abdominal and femoral region were explored. RESULTS Compared with the ET group, the PLC group experienced a greater reduction (time × treatment interaction P < 0.05) in total FM (PLC vs ET: -5.6% vs -1.1%) and visceral FM (-18.6% vs -6.8%), and femoral SAT (-5.6% vs 1.0%), but not abdominal SAT mass (-8.5% vs -2.8%, P = 0.15).The ET group improved their metabolic blood profile by reduced low-density lipoprotein, glucose and hemoglobin A1c compared with PLC (time × treatment interaction P < 0.05). The intervention induced changes in lipolytic markers of abdominal SAT, whereas no changes were detected in femoral SAT. CONCLUSION Use of transdermal ET reduced adipose tissue loss, but improved metabolic blood markers when combined with 12 weeks of progressive resistance training in early postmenopausal women.
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25
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Effect of combined aerobic and resistance exercise on blood pressure in postmenopausal women: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Exp Gerontol 2021; 155:111560. [PMID: 34560198 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of combined aerobic and resistance exercise on blood pressure (BP) in postmenopausal women. The results of this study will provide an effective means for postmenopausal women to control BP and reduce the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS Eligible studies were searched in five electronic databases until November 2020, and 11 randomized controlled trials that met the inclusion criteria were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The random-effects model was used to calculate overall effect sizes of weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). This study was registered in PROSPERO with the registration number: CRD42021225546. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the aerobic combined resistance exercise significantly decreased the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) by 0.81 mmHg (95% CI, -1.34 to -0.28) and 0.62 mmHg (95% CI, -1.11 to -0.14), respectively. The results of the meta-analysis also indicated that a significant reduction in brachial-to-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) of - 1.18 m/s (95% CI, -1.81 to -0.56) and heart rate (HR) of -0.22 beats/min (95% CI: -0.42 to -0.02) after combined aerobic and resistance exercise intervention. Subgroup analysis showed that postmenopausal women ≥60 years of age who were overweight or had a normal baseline BP were more sensitive to the combined aerobic and resistance exercise. When combined aerobic and resistance exercise frequency < 3 times/week, weekly exercise time ≥ 150 min, or the duration of exercise lasted for 12 weeks, the SBP and DBP of postmenopausal women could be reduced more effectively. CONCLUSIONS The present study indicates that combined aerobic and resistance exercise can significantly reduce BP in postmenopausal women. Accordingly, combined aerobic and resistance exercise may be an effective way to prevent and manage hypertension in postmenopausal women.
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26
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Binkley HM, Phillips KL, Wise SL. Menopausal Women: Recognition, Exercise Benefits, Considerations, and Programming Needs. Strength Cond J 2021. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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27
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Khalafi M, Malandish A, Rosenkranz SK. The impact of exercise training on inflammatory markers in postmenopausal women: A systemic review and meta-analysis. Exp Gerontol 2021; 150:111398. [PMID: 33965553 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The postmenopausal stage of life is associated with increased systemic inflammation that may be mitigated through exercise training. The effects of exercise training on inflammatory markers in postmenopausal women, however, require further elucidation. We therefore performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the available high-quality research on the effects of exercise training on inflammatory markers in postmenopausal women. METHOD Electronic searches in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science, and Google Scholar were conducted to identify articles published through April 2021, for studies comparing exercise training to a control condition, on inflammatory markers including CRP, IL-6, TNF-α and adiponectin in postmenopausal women. Randomized or non-randomized controlled trials of exercise training were included according to the following criteria: (A) English language articles; (B) involving women participants who were post-menopausal; (C) providing measures of inflammatory markers including IL-6, TNF-α, CRP or adiponectin at baseline and after completion of the intervention; (D) an exercise training intervention duration of ≥4 weeks. RESULTS Results were extracted from the included studies and standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated. Thirty-two studies (representing 38 intervention groups) involving 1510 postmenopausal women were retrieved from the databases for analyses. Overall, exercise training significantly reduced IL-6 [-0.75 (95% CI: -1.07 to -0.42), p < 0.001; 20 interventions], TNF-α [-0.64 (95% CI: -0.91 to -0.37), p < 0.001; 24 interventions] and CRP [-0.64 (95%CI: -0.91 to -0.38), p < 0.001; 21 interventions] and increase adiponectin [0.98 (95% CI: 0.10 to 1.86), p = 0.02; 6 interventions], when compared with control. Furthermore, subgroup analyses suggested that aerobic, resistance, and combined training significantly reduced IL-6, TNF-α and CRP (p < 0.05). Exercise training improved IL-6, TNF-α and CRP in both younger (age < 64 years) and older (age ≥ 64 years) participants (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION These results suggest that exercise training may be an effective intervention for reducing pro-inflammatory markers and increasing adiponectin in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa Khalafi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abbas Malandish
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Sara K Rosenkranz
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
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28
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Biteli P, Barbalho SM, Detregiachi CRP, Dos Santos Haber JF, Chagas EFB. Dyslipidemia influences the effect of physical exercise on inflammatory markers on obese women in post-menopause: A randomized clinical trial. Exp Gerontol 2021; 150:111355. [PMID: 33865923 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The hormonal modifications observed in post-menopausal are related to increased adiposity and alteration in the lipid profile besides physical and psychological changes. Physical exercises may attenuate these conditions and have been associated with low-grade inflammatory status, reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of dyslipidemia on the effect of physical exercise on inflammatory markers IL6, IL10, and TNF-α in obese post-menopausal women. A randomized clinical trial was carried out in seventy women divided into four groups: exercise without dyslipidemia (EG/n = 11); exercise with dyslipidemia (EGD = 24); control with dyslipidemia (CGD/n = 22); and control without dyslipidemia (CG/n = 13). The serum values of IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α were measured before and after the intervention period, and the exercise program lasted 20 weeks, in three weekly sessions of 75 min each, with aerobic and strength exercises. The comparison of means was performed using the ANOVA test, repeated measures to analyze the interaction between the group and intervention time. There were a significant reduction in IL-6 values and an increase in IL-10/IL-6 and IL-10/TNF-α ratios only in the EG group. For serum TNF-α values, the EG and EGD groups showed significant reductions. The groups that practiced exercises did not present significant variation in the levels of IL-10. However, the CGD and GC groups showed a significant reduction in IL-10 after the intervention period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Biteli
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, UNIMAR, Marília, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, UNIMAR, Marília, SP, Brazil; School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, 1001, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil; School of Food and Technology of Marilia (FATEC), Marilia, SP, Brazil.
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29
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Cunha PM, Tomeleri CM, Nascimento MA, Mayhew JL, Fungari E, Cyrino LT, Barbosa DS, Venturini D, Cyrino ES. Comparision of Low and High Volume of Resistance Training on Body Fat and Blood Biomarkers in Untrained Older Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:1-8. [PMID: 31306389 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cunha, PM, Tomeleri, CM, Nascimento, MA, Mayhew, JL, Fungari, E, Cyrino, LT, Barbosa, DS, Venturini, D, and Cyrino, ES. Comparision of low and high volume of resistance training on body fat and blood biomarkers in untrained older women: a randomized clinical trial. J Strength Cond Res 35(1): 1-8, 2021-The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of resistance training (RT) performed with 2 different volumes on body fat and blood biomarkers in untrained older women. Sixty-five physically independent older women (≥60 years) were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups: low-volume (LV) training group, high-volume (HV) training group, and a control group. Both training groups performed RT for 12 weeks, using 8 exercises of 10-15 repetitions maximum for each exercise. The low-volume group performed only a single set per exercise, whereas the HV group performed 3 sets. Anthropometric, body fat (%), trunk fat, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very LDL-c (VLDL-c), glucose (GLU), C-reactive protein (CRP), and composite Z-score were measured. The HV group obtained greater improvements compared with the LV group (p < 0.05) for TG (LV = -10.5% vs. HV = -16.6%), VLDL-c (LV = -6.5% vs. HV = -14.8%), GLU (LV = -4.7% vs. HV = -11.1%), CRP (LV = -13.2% vs. HV = -30.8%), % body fat (LV = -2.4% vs. HV = -6.1%), and composite Z-score (LV = -0.13 ± 0.30 vs. HV = -0.57 ± 0.29). Trunk fat was reduced (p < 0.05) only in the HV group (-6.8%). We conclude that RT performed in higher volume seems to be the most appropriate strategy to reduce body fat (%), trunk fat, improve blood biomarkers, and reduce composite Z-score in older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo M Cunha
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Puerto Rico, Brazil
| | - Crisieli M Tomeleri
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Puerto Rico, Brazil
| | - Matheus A Nascimento
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Puerto Rico, Brazil.,Paraná State University-UNESPAR, Paranavaí, Puerto Rico, Brazil
| | - Jerry L Mayhew
- Exercise Science Program, Truman State University, Kirksville, Missouri; and
| | - Edilaine Fungari
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Puerto Rico, Brazil
| | - Letícia T Cyrino
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Puerto Rico, Brazil
| | - Décio S Barbosa
- Clinical Analyses Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Danielle Venturini
- Clinical Analyses Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Edilson S Cyrino
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Puerto Rico, Brazil
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Stojanović MDM, Mikić MJ, Milošević Z, Vuković J, Jezdimirović T, Vučetić V. Effects of Chair-Based, Low-Load Elastic Band Resistance Training on Functional Fitness and Metabolic Biomarkers in Older Women. JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCE AND MEDICINE 2021; 20:133-141. [PMID: 33707996 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2021.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Strength training can improve myriad health parameters in elderly cohorts. Although potentially more appropriate for the elderly, low-load resistance training protocols have been less investigated. We aimed to examine the effects of 12 weeks of chair-based, low-load resistance training with elastic band (EBT) on functional fitness and metabolic biomarkers in older women. One hundred sixty-eight women were allocated randomly to an elastic band resistance training (EBT, n = 86, 75.7 ± 8.9 years, 71.3 ± 12.2 kg) or a control group (CON, n = 82, 74.5 ± 8.2years, 70.6 ± 12.0 kg). RT protocol consisted of periodized chair-based, low-load whole-body resistance exercises (2 sets, 12-15 repetitions, 40-60% of one repetition maximum-1RM) using an elastic band, twice weekly for 12 weeks. The resistance training program was generally designed to maintain internal load over time, provided with increasing intensity using various elastic bands (Thera-Band). Functional fitness (30-s Chair Stand,30-s Arm Curl, 2-min Step Test, Chair Sit-and-Reach, Back Scratch, 8-Foot Up-and-Go, Handgrip Strength) and metabolic markers (Fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high (HDL) and low (LDL) density lipoprotein) were measured before and after the training period. To detect pre/post intervention changes and between group- differences 2x2 repeated measures ANOVA was applied. Significant improvements over time for all fitness variables for EBT comparing to CON were obtained (F = 12.78, p < 0.05 for 30-s Chair Stand; F = 14.04, p < 0.05 for 30-s Arm Curl; F = 5.18, p < 0.05 for 2-min Step Test; F = 10.90, p < 0.05 for Chair Sit-and-Reach; F = 16.57, p < 0.05 for Back Scratch; F = 11.79, p < 0.05 for 8-foot Up-and-Go; and F = 29.25, p < 0.05 for Handgrip Strength). In addition, significant improvements over time for all but one (triglycerides) biomarkers for EBT comparing to CON were obtained (F = 7.30, p < 0.05 for blood sugar levels; F = 13.36, p < 0.05 for total cholesterol; F = 8.61, p < 0.05 for HDL; and F = 11.53, p < 0.05 for LDL). Furthermore, the participants' adherence to training sessions of over 90% was reported. In conclusion, 12 weeks of EBT is safe and beneficial for improving health-related fitness and metabolic biomarkers in older women and seems to be viable model to ensure a high training adherence rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko D M Stojanović
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Novi Sad, Serbia.,Advanced Rehab & Conditioning Lab, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Mladen J Mikić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Novi Sad, Serbia.,Advanced Rehab & Conditioning Lab, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Zoran Milošević
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jovan Vuković
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Jezdimirović
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Novi Sad, Serbia
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O'Donoghue G, Blake C, Cunningham C, Lennon O, Perrotta C. What exercise prescription is optimal to improve body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness in adults living with obesity? A network meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13137. [PMID: 32896055 PMCID: PMC7900983 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Current international guidelines recommend people living with obesity should be prescribed a minimum of 300 min of moderately intense activity per week for weight loss. However, the most efficacious exercise prescription to improve anthropometry, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and metabolic health in this population remains unknown. Thus, this network meta-analysis was conducted to assess and rank comparative efficacy of different exercise interventions on anthropometry, CRF and other metabolic risk factors. Five electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared different exercise modalities to improve anthropometry, CRF and/or metabolic health in adults living with obesity. RCTs were evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. A random effects network meta-analysis was performed within a frequentist framework. Of the 6663 articles retrieved, 45 studies with a total 3566 participants were included. Results reveal that while any type of exercise intervention is more effective than control, weight loss induced is modest. Interventions that combine high-intensity aerobic and high-load resistance training exert beneficial effects that are superior to any other exercise modality at decreasing abdominal adiposity, improving lean body mass and increasing CRF. Clinicians should consider this evidence when prescribing exercise for adults living with obesity, to ensure optimal effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grainne O'Donoghue
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine Blake
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Caitriona Cunningham
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Olive Lennon
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Carla Perrotta
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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32
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Soltani N, Marandi SM, Kazemi M, Esmaeil N. Meta-inflammatory state and insulin resistance can improve after 10 weeks of combined all-extremity high-intensity interval training in sedentary overweight/obese females: a quasi-experimental study. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020; 19:717-726. [PMID: 33520798 PMCID: PMC7843680 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00550-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effects of exercise training on suppression of inflammation have been proposed as a therapeutic approach in recent years to modify the obesity-induced inflammatory status and immunometabolic disorders. The present study aimed to assess the impacts of an all-extremity combined high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on inflammatory state and glycolipid metabolism in young sedentary overweight and obese females. METHOD This was an quasi-experimental study which was applied by comparing two groups. The participants were allocated to two active (AG, n = 15) and inactive (IG, n = 15) groups. The serum level of adiponectin, interleukin (IL)-10, pentraxin 3 (PTX3), and tumor-necrosis factor α (TNFα) was measured in all subjects. Also, glycolipid metabolism was assessed by measuring the fasting lipid profile parameters, glucose, and insulin levels and calculating the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR). RESULTS Following a 10-week combined all-extremity HIIT in the active subjects, the TNFα, PTX3/IL-10, and TNFα/adiponectin were significantly reduced. However, the absolute levels of adiponectin, IL-10, and PTX3 remained unchanged. Additionally, a significant decrease was found in insulin, LDL, and HOMA2-IR, while insulin sensitivity and HDL levels showed a significant increase in the active group compared to the inactive group. CONCLUSIONS Our 10-week time-efficient combined all-extremity HIIT promoted an anti-inflammatory state and glycolipid metabolism improvement, suggesting this protocol as a practical therapeutic approach in sedentary obese females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakisa Soltani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sayed Mohammad Marandi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazemi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Esmaeil
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 81744-176 Iran
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Ward LJ, Nilsson S, Hammar M, Lindh-Åstrand L, Berin E, Lindblom H, Spetz Holm AC, Rubér M, Li W. Resistance training decreases plasma levels of adipokines in postmenopausal women. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19837. [PMID: 33199796 PMCID: PMC7669850 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76901-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical inactivity and the onset of menopause increase the risk of cardiovascular disease amongst postmenopausal women. We aim to investigate the effect of resistance training (RT) on plasma levels of selected cytokines, adipokines, myokines, and sex hormones in postmenopausal women with vasomotor symptoms. This was a sub-study of a randomised controlled trial investigating the effects of RT on vasomotor symptoms in postmenopausal women. Women were randomised to join a 15-week RT program (n = 26) or remain sedentary as control (n = 29). Venous blood samples were taken at week-0 and week-15 for all participants. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and multiple bead assays were used to measure cytokines, adipokines, myokines, and sex hormones in plasma. Plasma measurements of 16 of 33 analytes were within detectable limits. After adjusting for good compliance in the RT group (58% of RT participants), after 15 weeks, significantly lower plasma levels of adiponectin (p < 0.001), lipocalin-2 (p < 0.01) and resistin (p = 0.04) were found. Comparing control and RT women, using change-over-time values, significant increases in median testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin levels were seen in RT women. RT intervention lowers the levels of adipokines, particularly adiponectin, in postmenopausal women with vasomotor symptoms. These results were secondary outcomes of a clinical trial, and further investigations in a larger cohort are essential with the additional control of diet control and body composition analyses. Nevertheless, our study shows RT may be a beneficial intervention in reducing inflammation amongst postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam J Ward
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. .,Occupational and Environmental Medicine Center in Linköping, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, 58185, Linköping, Sweden. .,Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sigrid Nilsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mats Hammar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lotta Lindh-Åstrand
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Emilia Berin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hanna Lindblom
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Unit of Physiotherapy, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anna-Clara Spetz Holm
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Marie Rubér
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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Aibar-Almazán A, Martínez-Amat A, Cruz-Díaz D, Jesús de la Torre-Cruz M, Jiménez-García JD, Zagalaz-Anula N, Redecillas-Peiró MT, Mendoza-Ladrón de Guevara N, Hita-Contreras F. The Influence of Pilates Exercises on Body Composition, Muscle Strength, and Gait Speed in Community-Dwelling Older Women. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 36:2298-2305. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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35
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de Oliveira Júnior GN, de Sousa JDFR, Carneiro MADS, Martins FM, Santagnello SB, Orsatti FL. Resistance training-induced improvement in exercise tolerance is not dependent on muscle mass gain in post-menopausal women. Eur J Sport Sci 2020; 21:958-966. [PMID: 32684108 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1798511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Menopause transition may impair muscle function, decreasing exercise tolerance. The torque-duration relationship (hyperbolic curve) forms a practical framework within which exercise tolerance may be explored. In this regard, resistance training (RT) increases the curvature constant of this relationship (W'). Muscle hypertrophy and strength gains have been suggested as possible mediators of RT-induced improvement in W', however, it is unclear what the main mediator is. Higher-volume RT (HV-RT), beyond that recommended by RT-guidelines (i.e. three sets per exercise), may promote greater hypertrophy, but not higher strength gains. Hence, this study aimed to investigate whether greater hypertrophy in HV-RT maximises W' gain when compared to LVRT in postmenopausal women (PW). Fifty-eight PW were randomised to the control group (CTRL), HV-RT (six sets per exercise) or LV-RT (three sets per exercise). They underwent a 12-week RT program and were assessed for W', thigh lean body mass (TLBM) and maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MIVC). The TLBM gain was higher (P < 0.001) in the HV-RT (9.4%) than LV-RT (3.7%). However, both HV-RT and LV-RT similarly increased MIVC (9.7% vs. 16.5%, P = 0.063) and W' (26.4% vs. 34.6% P = 0.163). Additionally, the changes in W' were associated with the changes in TLBM (31%, P = 0.003) and MIVC (52%, P= <0.001). However, when the changes in TLBM and MIVC were inserted into the predictive model, only the MIVC (33%, P = 0.002) was a predictor of W'. Thus, although HV-RT promoted greater hypertrophy than LV-RT, HV-RT does not seem to maximise W' in PW.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcelo Augusto da Silva Carneiro
- Exercise Biology Research Group (BioEx), Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Maria Martins
- Exercise Biology Research Group (BioEx), Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio Lera Orsatti
- Exercise Biology Research Group (BioEx), Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Department of Sport Sciences, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Body Mass Index, waist circumference or sagittal abdominal diameter: Which parameter is better correlated with body fat changes in postmenopausal women after combined training protocol? Clin Nutr ESPEN 2020; 38:192-195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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37
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Vasconcelos ABS, Resende-Neto AGD, Nogueira AC, Aragão-Santos JC, Monteiro MRP, Morais Junior GS, Avelar GG, Camargo EA, Nóbrega ODT, Da Silva-Grigoletto ME. Functional and traditional training improve muscle power and reduce proinflammatory cytokines in older women: A randomized controlled trial. Exp Gerontol 2020; 135:110920. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Gómez-Rubio P, Trapero I. The Beneficial Effect of Physical Exercise on Inflammatory Makers in Older Individuals. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 21:1008-1016. [PMID: 32504508 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200606225357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Old age is associated with a loss of motor functions and a general progressive decline in cognitive functions. Physical exercise is one of the ways in which inflammatory levels in general can be reduced, and therefore physical exercise can be considered a biological aging decelerator. In this article, we examine the relationships between physical exercise and inflammatory markers reported for the different physical exercise protocols that have been used in studies with older individuals, as well as the effects of these regimens. The different types of exercises programmed, and methods used to implement them were very heterogeneous in the articles we analysed. Both, the aerobic exercise and resistance training protocols produced a decrease in plasma levels of IL-6, CRP and TNF-α, and an increase of IL-10 plasma levels as a chronic effect. However, the acute-response of physical exercise appeared to be an initial increase in IL-6 expression and plasma IL-6 levels. Continuing with these exercise programs usually subsequently achieved a chronic response in which there was a decrease in both the basal levels of IL-6, CRP and TNF-α, and the IL-6 produced as acute responses. Regardless of the type of exercise performed, it seems that the exercise parameters, intensity, duration, subject variables, fitness, and level of inflammation are key factors in achieving the expected balance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabel Trapero
- Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Pekas EJ, Shin J, Son WM, Headid RJ, Park SY. Habitual Combined Exercise Protects against Age-Associated Decline in Vascular Function and Lipid Profiles in Elderly Postmenopausal Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17113893. [PMID: 32486335 PMCID: PMC7312892 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Postmenopausal status is associated with increased risks for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This study investigated differences in vascular function, lipids, body composition, and physical fitness in elderly postmenopausal women active in combined resistance and aerobic exercise (CRAE) training for 1 year versus a sedentary cohort of similar-in-age counterparts. Elderly postmenopausal women performing habitual CRAE training for 1 year (age ~75 year; CRAE, n = 57) and elderly sedentary postmenopausal women (age ~78 year; SED, n = 44) were recruited. Arterial stiffness (brachial-to-ankle pulse-wave velocity, baPWV), blood pressure, blood lipids, anthropometrics, 2-min walking distance, and muscular strength were assessed for both groups. There were significant differences for baPWV, systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein, and body fat percentage, which were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in CRAE vs. SED, and both 2 min walking distance and muscular strength were significantly greater (p < 0.05) in CRAE vs. SED. These results indicate that elderly postmenopausal women participating in habitual CRAE training may have better protection against risks for CVD and have better physical fitness compared to SED counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J. Pekas
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA; (E.J.P.); (J.S.); (W.-M.S.); (R.J.H.III)
| | - John Shin
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA; (E.J.P.); (J.S.); (W.-M.S.); (R.J.H.III)
- Wiess School of Natural Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Won-Mok Son
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA; (E.J.P.); (J.S.); (W.-M.S.); (R.J.H.III)
| | - Ronald J. Headid
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA; (E.J.P.); (J.S.); (W.-M.S.); (R.J.H.III)
| | - Song-Young Park
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA; (E.J.P.); (J.S.); (W.-M.S.); (R.J.H.III)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-402-554-3374
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40
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Pina FL, Nunes JP, Ribeiro AS, Nascimento MA, Cyrino LT, Carneiro NH, Venturini D, Barbosa DS, Mayhew JL, Cyrino ES. Comparison of the effects of different weekly frequencies of resistance training on metabolic health markers and body fat in older women. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 60:618-624. [DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.10315-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Soltani N, Marandi SM, Kazemi M, Esmaeil N. The Exercise Training Modulatory Effects on the Obesity-Induced Immunometabolic Dysfunctions. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:785-810. [PMID: 32256095 PMCID: PMC7090203 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s234992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced physical activity rate in people's lifestyle is a global concern associated with the prevalence of health disorders such as obesity and metabolic disturbance. Ample evidence has indicated a critical role of the immune system in the aggravation of obesity. The type, duration, and production of adipose tissue-released mediators may change subsequent inactive lifestyle-induced obesity, leading to the chronic systematic inflammation and monocyte/macrophage (MON/MФ) phenotype polarization. Preliminary adipose tissue expansion can be inhibited by changing the lifestyle. In this context, exercise training is widely recommended due to a definite improvement of energy balance and the potential impacts on the inflammatory signaling cascades. How exercise training affects the immune system has not yet been fully elucidated, because its anti-inflammatory, pro-inflammatory, or even immunosuppressive impacts have been indicated in the literature. A thorough understanding of the mechanisms triggered by exercise can suggest a new approach to combat meta-inflammation-induced metabolic diseases. In this review, we summarized the obesity-induced inflammatory pathways, the roles of MON/MФ polarization in adipose tissue and systemic inflammation, and the underlying inflammatory mechanisms triggered by exercise during obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakisa Soltani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sayed Mohammad Marandi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
- Sayed Mohammad Marandi Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, IranTel +983137932358Fax +983136687572 Email
| | - Mohammad Kazemi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Esmaeil
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Correspondence: Nafiseh Esmaeil Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan81744-176, IranTel +98 31 37929097Fax +98 3113 7929031 Email
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Osali A. Aerobic exercise and nano-curcumin supplementation improve inflammation in elderly females with metabolic syndrome. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2020; 12:26. [PMID: 32256716 PMCID: PMC7106798 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-020-00532-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging, inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic syndrome are the main important factors in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level. AIM The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of 6-week aerobic exercise with moderate intensity and consumption of nano-curcumin on IL-6, IL-10 and BDNF in 60-65 year females with metabolic syndrome (MS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-four women with metabolic syndrome (Mets) voluntarily took part in the present study. Participants were randomly divided into 4 groups of MetS exercise + Nano-Curcumin (MENC), MetS exercise (ME), MetS Nano-Curcumin (MNC), MetS control (MC). During the first week, MENC and ME groups participated in three sets of 10-min aerobic exercise training (AT) with a treadmill with 5-min rest parts between the sets. One minute was added to the duration of exercise sets weekly. Blood samples were collected before and after 6 weeks. IL-6, IL-10 and BDNF levels were measured by ELISA method. To analyze the data, Paired-samples t-test with the significance level of (P ≤ 0.05). RESULTS IL-10 and BDNF concentrations significantly increased after a 6-week intervention (P ≤ 0.05). Also, IL-6 serum levels significantly decreased (P ≤ 0.05). Besides, the results of the present study suggested that nano-curcumin supplementation significantly decreases serum concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), and hs-CRP in subjects with metabolic syndrome. In addition, the results of the present study suggested that nano-curcumin supplementation significantly increases serum concentrations of BDNF, IL-10, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in subjects with metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION Findings show that both of the regular exercise and consumption of NanoCurcumin for 6 weeks reduce inflammation. Combination of these two leads to even more reduction of inflammation. The regular exercise led to a decrease at the fat percentage, which deceased IL-6 level and increased IL-10 level. So, this change led to increasing BDNF's levels.Trial registration IRCT2017082335857N1 Registered 2017-11-16, https://en.irct.ir/trial/26971.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Osali
- Department of General Courses, University of Bonab, Bonab, Iran
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Kim KB, Kim K, Kim C, Kang SJ, Kim HJ, Yoon S, Shin YA. Effects of Exercise on the Body Composition and Lipid Profile of Individuals with Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Obes Metab Syndr 2019; 28:278-294. [PMID: 31909371 PMCID: PMC6939705 DOI: 10.7570/jomes.2019.28.4.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous researchers have worked to develop treatments for obesity; however, the prevalence of obesity continues to increase in many countries. Moreover, the effects of physical activity and exercise on obesity remain unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the relationship between exercise and obesity using mediator variables such as the mode of exercise. Methods Our review focuses on research tracking the effects of exercise on obesity conducted from 2007 to 2016 and available in any of three databases: Embase, PubMed, and EBSCO Academic Search Premier. The keywords used in the search were “exercise and obesity” and “exercise and obese.” Results The average size of the effects that exercise interventions have on body mass index (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.533), waist circumference (SMD, 0.666), total cholesterol (SMD, 0.721), and triglyceride (TG; SMD, 0.603) were medium or larger. Exercise had greater effects on the outward appearance of obesity (body mass index, waist circumference) than on its practical factors (weight, % body fat). The effect of exercise on TG (SMD, 0.603) was larger than that on low-density lipoprotein (SMD, 0.406) and high-density lipoprotein (SMD, −0.222). Exercise duration (weeks of exercise) and intensity correlate better than exercise time (minutes per week) with a large and consistent improvement in adult obesity. Conclusion We suggest that individuals with obesity should exercise consistently to achieve significant improvements in their health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Bae Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Korea Military Academy, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kijin Kim
- Department of Physical Education, College of Physical Education, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Changsun Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suh-Jung Kang
- Department of Sports and Health Management, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Kim
- Department of Sport and Healthy Aging, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Yoon
- Department of Sport Science, Chowan University, Murfreesboro, NC, USA
| | - Yun-A Shin
- Department of Prescription and Rehabilitation of Exercise, College of Sport Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
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Moderate Increase in Protein Intake Promotes a Small Additional Improvement in Functional Capacity, But Not in Muscle Strength and Lean Mass Quality, in Postmenopausal Women Following Resistance Exercise: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061323. [PMID: 31200437 PMCID: PMC6627078 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a moderate increase in protein intake on muscle strength, functional capacity and lean mass quality improvements in postmenopausal women following resistance exercise. Forty-seven postmenopausal women were randomized in two groups: Normal protein (NP, n = 25), who received a dietary plan containing ~0.8 g protein·kg-1·d-1 (recommended dietary allowance-RDA recommendations); and higher protein (HP, n = 22), which a moderate increase in protein intake was recommended (~1.2 g protein·kg-1·d-1). Resistance training was performed for 10 weeks, three times/week. Muscle strength (handgrip strength and one repetition maximum test-1-RM), functional capacity and lean mass (LM) quality (muscle strength to lean mass ratio) were evaluated. Dietary intake was assessed by nine 24 h food recalls. After intervention, both groups increased similarly the leg extension 1-RM and handgrip strength. Regarding functional capacity tests, both groups increased the balance test score (SPPB) and 10 m walk test speed, with no differences between the groups. In addition, an increase in speed to perform the 6 min and 400 m walk tests was observed over the time, with an additional improvement in the HP group (time × group interaction; p = 0.007 and p = 0.004, respectively). About LM quality, leg extension 1-RM/leg LM improved over the time in both groups (p = 0.050), with no time × group interaction. All these significant changes had a low effect size. In conclusion, a moderate increase in protein intake promoted a small additional improvement in functional capacity, but it did not induce a greater increase in strength and LM quality after 10 weeks of resistance exercise in postmenopausal women. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT03024125.
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Nunes PR, Barcelos LC, Oliveira AA, Furlanetto R, Martins FM, Resende EA, Orsatti FL. Muscular Strength Adaptations and Hormonal Responses After Two Different Multiple-Set Protocols of Resistance Training in Postmenopausal Women. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 33:1276-1285. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Effect of Strength Training on Lipid and Inflammatory Outcomes: Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression. J Phys Act Health 2019; 16:477-491. [PMID: 31023184 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2018-0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regressions evaluating the effects of isolated strength training (ST), compared with a control group, on total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), C-reactive protein (CRP), and adiponectin of adults. Methods: Embase, PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus data sources were searched up to May 2017. Clinical trials that compared ST with a control group of adults older than 18 years, which evaluated blood TC, TG, LDL, HDL, CRP, or adiponectin as an outcome were included. Random effect was used and the effect size (ES) was calculated by using the standardized mean difference with a 95% confidence interval. Results: ST promotes a reduction in TC (ES: -0.399; P < .001), TG (ES: -0.204; P = .002), LDL (ES: -0.451; P < .001), and CRP (ES: -0.542; P = .01) levels. In addition, ST is associated to an increase in HDL (ES: 0.363; P < .001) and adiponectin concentrations (ES: 1.105; P = .01). Conclusion: ST promotes decreases in TC, TG, LDL, and CRP levels and increases HDL and adiponectin concentrations. Thus, progressive ST could be a potential therapeutic option for improving abnormalities in lipid and inflammatory outcomes in adults.
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Ihalainen JK, Inglis A, Mäkinen T, Newton RU, Kainulainen H, Kyröläinen H, Walker S. Strength Training Improves Metabolic Health Markers in Older Individual Regardless of Training Frequency. Front Physiol 2019; 10:32. [PMID: 30774600 PMCID: PMC6367240 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of frequency, thereby increasing training volume, of resistance training on body composition, inflammation markers, lipid and glycemic profile in healthy older individuals (age range 65–75 year). Ninety-two healthy participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups; performing strength training one- (EX1), two- (EX2), or three- (EX3) times-per-week and a non-training control (CON) group. Whole-body strength training was performed using 2–5 sets and 4–12 repetitions per exercise and 7–9 exercises per session. All training groups attended supervised resistance training for 6 months. Body composition was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry and fasting blood samples were taken pre- and post-training. There were significant main effects of time for total fat mass (F = 28.12, P < 0.001) and abdominal fat mass (F = 20.72, P < 0.001). Pre- to post-study, statistically significant reductions in fat mass (Δ = -1.3 ± 1.4 kg, P < 0.001, n = 26) were observed in EX3. Pre- to post-study reductions in low density lipoprotein (LDL) concentration (Δ = -0.38 ± 0.44 mmol⋅L-1, P = 0.003, n = 19) were observed only in EX3, whereas a significant pre- to post-study increases in high density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration (0.14–0.19 mmol⋅L-1) were observed in all training groups. Most variables at baseline demonstrated a significant (negative) relationship when correlating baseline values with their change during the study including: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) (r = -0.583, P < 0.001), high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (r = -0.471, P < 0.001, and systolic blood pressure (r = -0.402, P = 0.003). The present study suggests that having more than two resistance training sessions in a week could be of benefit in the management of body composition and lipid profile. Nevertheless, interestingly, and importantly, those individuals with a higher baseline in systolic blood pressure, IL-6 and hs-CRP derived greatest benefit from the resistance training intervention, regardless of how many times-a-week they trained. Finally, the present study found no evidence that higher training frequency would induce greater benefit regarding inflammation markers or glycemic profile in healthy older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna K Ihalainen
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Department of Health Sciences, Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Alistair Inglis
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tuomas Mäkinen
- LIKES-Research Centre for Sport and Health Sciences, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Robert U Newton
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Heikki Kainulainen
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Heikki Kyröläinen
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Simon Walker
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Neves RVP, Rosa TS, Souza MK, Oliveira AJC, Gomes GNS, Brixi B, Souza LHR, Deus LA, Simões HG, Stone WJ, Prestes J, Moraes MR. Dynamic, Not Isometric Resistance Training Improves Muscle Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Hypertrophy in Rats. Front Physiol 2019; 10:4. [PMID: 30723416 PMCID: PMC6349781 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the effects of dynamic (DRT) and isometric (IRT) resistance training on blood glucose, muscle redox capacity, inflammatory state, and muscle strength and hypertrophy. Fifteen 12-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into three groups: control group (CTL), DRT, and IRT, n = 5 animals per group. The animals were submitted to a maximal weight carried (MWC; every 15 days) and maximum isometric resistance (MIR; pre- and post-training) tests. Both training protocols were performed five times a week during 12 weeks, consisting of one set of eight uninterrupted climbs for 1 min with a 30% overload of MWC. The animals in the IRT group remained under isometry for 1 min. The DRT group experienced greater MWC from pre- to post-training compared to the CTL and IRT groups (p < 0.0001). The DRT and IRT groups displayed similar gains in MIR (p = 0.3658). The DRT group exhibited improved glycemic homeostasis (p = 0.0111), redox (p < 0.0001), and inflammatory (p < 0.0001) balance as compared with CTL and IRT groups. In addition, the improved glycemic profile was associated with an increase in muscle strength and hypertrophy, improvement in redox balance and inflammation status. We conclude that DRT was more effective than IRT on increasing cross-sectional area, but not muscle strength, in parallel to improved blood glucose, inflammatory status, and redox balance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thiago Santos Rosa
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Exercise Physiology, Ibirapuera University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michel Kendy Souza
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bernardo Brixi
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Luiz Humberto Rodrigues Souza
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Physical Education, State of Bahia University (UNEB) - DEDC/XII Campus, Guanambi, Brazil
| | - Lysleine Alves Deus
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Herbert Gustavo Simões
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Whitley Jo Stone
- School of Nutrition, Kinesiology, and Psychological Sciences, University of Central Missouri, Warrensburg, MO, United States
| | - Jonato Prestes
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Milton Rocha Moraes
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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Effect of a 1-year elastic band resistance exercise program on cardiovascular risk profile in postmenopausal women. Menopause 2018; 25:1004-1010. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sardeli AV, Tomeleri CM, Cyrino ES, Fernhall B, Cavaglieri CR, Chacon-Mikahil MPT. Effect of resistance training on inflammatory markers of older adults: A meta-analysis. Exp Gerontol 2018; 111:188-196. [PMID: 30071283 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Low-grade inflammation is associated with several deleterious health outcomes and may aggravate sarcopenia and dynapenia during aging. A strategy to alleviate these conditions is resistance training (RT). Thus, the aim was to critically examine the effects of regular RT on inflammatory markers of older adults from previous studies. METHODS The search was conducted on MEDLINE, July 2017. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) testing RT effects on C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and/or interleukin-6 (IL-6) of adults over 50 years-of-age were selected by two independent reviewers. RESULTS The main meta-analyses showed RT reduced CRP in older adults (standard mean difference [SMD] = -0.61, 95%CI = -0.83; -0.31, p < 0.001), tended to reduce IL-6 (SMD = -0.19, 95%CI = -0.42; 0.02, p = 0.07) and did not change TNF-α. Further exploratory sub-group analyses showed a potential association of muscle mass for both CRP and TNF-α changes. Reductions in CRP and TNF-α only occurred in RCTs performing a higher number of exercises (>8), higher weekly frequency (3 times/week) and longer durations than 12 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Anti-inflammatory effects of RT were significant only for CRP with a tendency for a decrease in IL-6 as well. The exploratory analyses suggested the reduction in inflammatory markers could be dependent on increases in muscle mass and higher volume of RT protocols. These potential mediators of RT anti-inflammatory effects should be addressed in future meta-analyses to clarify the effects of RT on inflammatory markers of older adults with very specific conditions and larger numbers of studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Veiga Sardeli
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, FISEX, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil; Gerontology Program, Faculty of Medical Sciences, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Crisieli Maria Tomeleri
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, FISEX, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil; Metabolism, Nutrition and Exercise Laboratory, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Edilson Serpeloni Cyrino
- Metabolism, Nutrition and Exercise Laboratory, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil; Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Bo Fernhall
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cláudia Regina Cavaglieri
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, FISEX, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil; Gerontology Program, Faculty of Medical Sciences, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Mara Patrícia Traina Chacon-Mikahil
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, FISEX, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil; Gerontology Program, Faculty of Medical Sciences, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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