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Xie Y, Tang L. The symptom network of internet gaming addiction, depression, and anxiety among children and adolescents. Sci Rep 2024; 14:29732. [PMID: 39614079 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-81094-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 11/25/2024] [Indexed: 12/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Internet gaming addiction (IGA), depression, and anxiety are significant issues among children and adolescents, with substantial social implications. Understanding the specific characteristics of this relationship is crucial for developing effective prevention and intervention strategies. The present study employed network analysis to explore the symptom network of IGA, depression, and anxiety among 1,548 Chinese children and adolescents. The results showed that the core symptoms of IGA among children and adolescents were "tolerance", "withdrawal", and "conflict". There was no significant gender difference in the structure, global strength, and core symptoms of IGA. Although there were no significant differences in the structure of the symptom network of IGA among children and adolescents of different ages, there were significant differences in global strength and some core symptoms ("conflict"). The core symptoms of the comorbidity of IGA, depression, and anxiety in children and adolescents included "feeling downhearted and blue", "breathing difficulty", "difficult to work up the initiative to do things", and "withdrawal". The comorbidity network did not show significant gender and age differences in network structure, but there were significant gender differences in global strength. Furthermore, there were significant gender and age differences in some core symptoms. The social impact of these findings is profound, highlighting the need for targeted interventions in schools and communities to address IGA and its comorbidities. Our results also suggest that interventions should be tailored to consider gender and age differences to maximize effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntian Xie
- Department of Applied Psychology, Changsha Normal University, No. 9 Wanhuayuan Road, Ansha, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lu Tang
- Department of Applied Psychology, Changsha Normal University, No. 9 Wanhuayuan Road, Ansha, Changsha, People's Republic of China
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Altınkaynak M, Yeşilbaş D, Batbat T, Güven A, Uğurgöl E, Demirci E, İzzetoğlu M, Dolu N. Multimodal analysis of cortical activation in young male adults with internet gaming disorder: A resting state EEG-fNIRS study. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 177:368-377. [PMID: 39083995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internet gaming disorder (IGD) has become increasingly prevalent worldwide and is recognized as a significant public health concern because of its negative consequences on individuals mental and physical health, social relationships, academic performance and overall well-being. While research on IGD has gained significant momentum in the past decade, the neural substrates underlying this disorder remains unclear. This study aims to investigate resting-state cortical activation in male subjects with IGD using a concurrent functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and electroencephalography (EEG) hybrid system. METHODS Twenty-two male individuals with IGD (18-23 years old) and twenty-two male healthy, age-matched healthy controls were included in the study. Mean oxygenation of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and whole head neural activity were measured using fNIRS and EEG respectively, during eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions at the resting state. EEG signals were decomposed into distinct frequency sub-bands with wavelet transform, followed by the analysis of the power spectral density within each band. Mean oxygenation of PFC is measured using a multichannel fNIRS system. RESULTS Results revealed that the individuals with IGD had significantly higher beta power in the frontal region compared to the control group. Individuals with IGD showed significantly increased PFC oxygenation compared to healthy controls. Additionally, both frontal beta power and PFC oxygenation were significantly correlated with IGD severity. However, there were no significant correlations observed between oxygenation and beta powers. CONCLUSION This study is the first to examine resting-state cortical activation using multimodal EEG-fNIRS system in young adults with IGD. Moreover, it provides an important contribution to the understanding of the underlying neural mechanisms of IGD and offer new insights for the diagnosis and intervention of the disorder using multimodal EEG-fNIRS system. Further studies should aim to replicate the findings of this study using a larger and more culturally diverse sample to support the neurophysiological basis of IGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miray Altınkaynak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Neurophotonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Demet Yeşilbaş
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Erciyes University, Türkiye.
| | - Turgay Batbat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Erciyes University, Türkiye.
| | - Ayşegül Güven
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Erciyes University, Türkiye; Clinical Engineering Research and Implementation Center, Erciyes University, Türkiye.
| | - Elif Uğurgöl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Erciyes University, Türkiye.
| | - Esra Demirci
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, Türkiye.
| | - Meltem İzzetoğlu
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Villanova University, United States.
| | - Nazan Dolu
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, İstanbul Medipol University, Türkiye.
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Vázquez-Martínez A, Villanueva-Silvestre V, Abad-Villaverde B, Santos-González C, Rial-Boubeta A, Villanueva-Blasco VJ. Relationship between Problematic Internet Use and Depression in Young Latin American College Students. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:719. [PMID: 39199115 PMCID: PMC11351724 DOI: 10.3390/bs14080719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Problematic Internet use (PIU) in young people is a topic of great interest both in the field of addictions and mental health, but scientific evidence is limited in Latin America. The aim was to analyze the relationship between PIU and depression in Latin American college students. (2) Methods: The sample consisted of 1828 college students (63.7% women), aged between 18-30 years (M = 21.64 years). (3) Results: PIU was detected in 40.2% of cases, and severe or moderately severe depression in 31.7%. Rates of severe depression in students with PIU were 3.02 times higher than in those without PIU (χ2(3) = 168.443; p < 0.000). The presence of PIU was also statistically significantly higher among youth with depressive symptoms. Linear and logistic regression models for predicting PIU, show how the depression level constitutes a risk factor for PIU: seven times higher for severe depression; more than five times higher for moderate depression; and more than two times for mild depression. (4) Conclusions: There is a clear association between depression and PIU, suggesting that a higher level of depression would act as a predictor of PIU. However, this finding is exploratory. Future studies should clarify the directionality of the relationship between both variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vázquez-Martínez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University, 46002 Valencia, Spain; (A.V.-M.); (V.V.-S.); (C.S.-G.)
- Research Group on Health and Psycho-Social Adjustment (GI-SAPS), Valencian International University, 46002 Valencia, Spain
| | - Verónica Villanueva-Silvestre
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University, 46002 Valencia, Spain; (A.V.-M.); (V.V.-S.); (C.S.-G.)
- Research Group on Health and Psycho-Social Adjustment (GI-SAPS), Valencian International University, 46002 Valencia, Spain
| | - Beatriz Abad-Villaverde
- Faculty of Humanities and Education, Universidad Nacional Pedro Henríquez Ureña, Santo Domingo 10203, Dominican Republic;
| | - Cristina Santos-González
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University, 46002 Valencia, Spain; (A.V.-M.); (V.V.-S.); (C.S.-G.)
| | - Antonio Rial-Boubeta
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Víctor José Villanueva-Blasco
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University, 46002 Valencia, Spain; (A.V.-M.); (V.V.-S.); (C.S.-G.)
- Research Group on Health and Psycho-Social Adjustment (GI-SAPS), Valencian International University, 46002 Valencia, Spain
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Wang H, Li X, Lok GKI, Meng C, Tan Y, Lee UM, Lei LSM, Chan N. Family-based therapy for internet addiction among adolescents and young adults: A meta-analysis. J Behav Addict 2024; 13:295-312. [PMID: 38635339 PMCID: PMC11220807 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2024.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Internet addiction (IA) has been identified as a major public health problem that is more prominent in adolescents and young adults. Some researchers have indicated certain advantages of family-based therapy over other treatments in participants with IA, but no conclusive evaluation has been reported. The present meta-analysis aims to review the efficacy of family-based therapy on Internet addiction in adolescents and young adults. Methods Relevant articles published from 1996 to February 15th, 2024, were searched from 14 databases, including three Chinese databases. A total of 19,590 articles were identified using a combination of three sets of search terms (Internet addiction, family therapy, and adolescents). Only RCTs and nonrandomized controlled trials were included. Results 18 studies, most of which were conducted in Asian countries, were included in the final data analysis. The overall severity of Internet addiction in the family-based therapy group was significantly lower than that in the control group. However, significant heterogeneity was detected. Subgroup analysis showed a beneficial effect of family-based therapy when compared with non-intervention and when added to another psychological or behavioural therapy in psychiatric patients with co-medication. Few studies have examined secondary outcomes or follow-up effects. Discussion and Conclusions Family-based therapy is most effective in reducing the severity of Internet addiction when combined with other therapies, especially medication treatments in psychiatric patients. It might also be helpful to relieve depression and enhance family functions, which needs further evidence. More studies following up on the post-intervention effects are recommended in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Education Department, Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Education Department, Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Grace Ka In Lok
- Macao Polytechnic University, Peking University Health Science Center- Macao Polytechnic University Nursing Academy, Macao SAR, China
| | - Chunmei Meng
- Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yaheng Tan
- Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Macao SAR, China
| | - Un Man Lee
- Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao SAR, China
| | - Louisa Sok Man Lei
- Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Macao SAR, China
| | - Natalia Chan
- Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
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Aonso-Diego G, Postigo Á, Secades-Villa R. Psychometric Validation of the Compulsive Internet Use Scale in Spanish Adolescents. Assessment 2024; 31:827-838. [PMID: 37480235 DOI: 10.1177/10731911231188738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Despite problematic internet use being especially high among adolescents, there are no screening instruments in Spain specifically for adolescents that would facilitate early detection of this problem. The main goal of this study was to validate the Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS) in the adolescent Spanish population as well as to analyze the discriminative capacity of CIUS based on sociodemographic characteristics, grade point average, and other addictive behaviors. Data were obtained from the ESTUDES, a representative survey of addictive behaviors of Spanish adolescents. The sample consisted of a total of 34,308 adolescents aged between 14 and 18 years old (Mage = 15.70; SD = 1.19; 51.7% females). Results indicated that the CIUS fit a unidimensional structure, exhibited measurement invariance with respect to sex and age, and demonstrated excellent reliability (ω = .94). Past-month tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis use, as well as past-year gambling and gaming, were related to CIUS scores. A standardized screening instrument that provides valid, reliable information on young people's use of the Internet in Spain is a critical requirement for successful early detection and intervention in this population.
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Spicer SG, Close J, Nicklin LL, Uther M, Whalley B, Fullwood C, Parke J, Lloyd J, Lloyd H. Exploring the relationships between psychological variables and loot box engagement, part 2: exploratory analyses of complex relationships. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:231046. [PMID: 38179078 PMCID: PMC10762439 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
In a pre-registered survey linked to this paper (Exploring the relationships between psychological variables and loot box engagement, part 1: pre-registered hypotheses), we confirmed bivariate associations between engagement with loot boxes (purchasable randomized rewards in video games) and measures of problem gambling, problem video gaming, impulsivity, gambling cognitions, experiences of game-related 'flow', psychological distress and reduced wellbeing. However, these variables have complex relationships, so to gain further insights, we analysed the dataset (1495 gamers who purchase loot boxes and 1223 purchasers of non-randomized content) in a series of Bayesian mixed-effects multiple regressions with a zero-inflation component. The results challenge some well-established results in the literature, including associations between loot box engagement and problematic gambling measures, instead suggesting that this relationship might be underpinned by shared variance with problem video gaming and gambling-related cognitions. An entirely novel discovery revealed a complex interaction between experiences of flow and loot box engagement. Distress and wellbeing are both (somewhat contradictorily) predictive of participants engaging with loot boxes, but neither correlate with increasing loot box risky engagement/spend (among those who engage). Our findings unravel some of the nuances underpinning loot box engagement, yet remain consistent with narratives that policy action on loot boxes will have benefits for harm minimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Gordon Spicer
- Community and Primary Care Research Group (CPCRG), ITTC Building, Davy Road, Plymouth Science Park, Derriford, Plymouth PL6 8BX, UK
| | - James Close
- Peninsula Medical School (Faculty of Health), University of Plymouth, Plymouth Devon PL4 8AA, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth Devon PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Laura Louise Nicklin
- School of Education, Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WS1 3BD, UK
| | - Maria Uther
- Enterprise and Innovation, Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Seacole Building, Edgbaston Campus, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ben Whalley
- School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth Devon PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Chris Fullwood
- School of Natural, Sport and Social Sciences, University of Gloucestershire, Cheltenham, UK
| | | | - Joanne Lloyd
- Cyberpsychology Research Group, School of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
| | - Helen Lloyd
- Enterprise and Innovation, Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Seacole Building, Edgbaston Campus, Birmingham, UK
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Khor E, McNamara N, Columb D, McNicholas F. Neuroimaging findings in adolescent gaming disorder: a systematic review. Ir J Psychol Med 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37496266 DOI: 10.1017/ipm.2023.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gaming disorder is a growing concern affecting adolescents, exacerbated by the impact of recent COVID-19 restrictions. The World Health Organization has recently included gaming disorder in the 11th International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). However, there is still an ongoing debate about the validity and reliability of the proposed clinical criteria, despite growing neurobiological evidence in this cohort. Systematic reviews in this area have focused mainly on adults or mixed adult/adolescent populations. Therefore, this systematic review explored the neuroimaging literature in adolescents (under 18 years old) with gaming disorder. METHODS Using PRISMA 2020 guidelines, 3288 primary studies were identified from PubMed, CINAHL Plus, PsycINFO and Web of Science. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria (appropriate title, abstract, comparison group used within study, English-language, neuroimaging and mean age under 18), 24 studies were included in this review. RESULTS Functional and structural brain alterations in adolescent gaming disorder were noted across several imaging modalities, including electroencephalogram (EEG), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Compared with healthy controls, adolescents with gaming disorder demonstrated neurological changes comparable to substance addiction, namely impairments in emotional regulation, reward-seeking, inhibition and increased risky decision-making. Positive brain adaptations in the areas of visuospatial processing and memory were observed. CONCLUSIONS A number of key brain regions are affected in adolescent gaming disorder. These findings can help clinicians understand adolescent presentations with gaming disorder from a neurobiological perspective. Future studies should focus on forming a robust neurobiological and clinical framework for adolescent gaming disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Khor
- University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - N McNamara
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, St John of God Hospital, Stillorgan, Co Dublin, Ireland
| | - D Columb
- Linn Dara CAMHS North Kildare, Celbridge, Co Kildare, Ireland
| | - F McNicholas
- University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Department of Paediatric Liaison Psychiatry, CHI Crumlin, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
- Lucena CAMHS Rathgar, Orwell Road, Rathgar, Dublin 6, Ireland
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Tereshchenko SY. Neurobiological risk factors for problematic social media use as a specific form of Internet addiction: A narrative review. World J Psychiatry 2023; 13:160-173. [PMID: 37303928 PMCID: PMC10251362 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v13.i5.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Problematic social media use (PSMU) is a behavioral addiction, a specific form of problematic Internet use associated with the uncontrolled use of social networks. It is typical mostly for modern adolescents and young adults, which are the first generations fully grown up in the era of total digitalization of society. The modern biopsychosocial model of the formation of behavioral addictions, postulating the impact of a large number of biological, psychological, and social factors on addictive behavior formation, may be quite applicable to PSMU. In this narrative review, we discussed neurobiological risk factors for Internet addiction with a focus on current evidence on the association between PSMU and structural/ functional characteristics of the brain and autonomic nervous system, neurochemical correlations, and genetic features. A review of the literature shows that the vast majority of the mentioned neurobiological studies were focused on computer games addiction and generalized Internet addiction (without taking into account the consumed content). Even though a certain number of neuroimaging studies have been conducted for PSMU, there is practically no research on neuropeptide and genetic associations for PSMU to date. This fact points to the extremely high relevance of such studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Yu Tereshchenko
- Department of Child's Physical and Mental Health, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
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Chen Y, Lu J, Wang L, Gao X. Effective interventions for gaming disorder: A systematic review of randomized control trials. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1098922. [PMID: 36815197 PMCID: PMC9940764 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1098922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To identify effective intervention methods for gaming disorder (GD) through a rigorous assessment of existing literature. Methods We conducted a search of six databases (PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, CNKI, WanFang, and VIP) to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that tested GD interventions, published from database inception to December 31, 2021. Standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using a random effects model. Risk of bias was assessed with the Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) tool. Results Seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Five interventions were tested in these studies: group counseling, craving behavioral intervention (CBI), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), the acceptance and cognitive restructuring intervention program (ACRIP), and short-term cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). Four of the five interventions (the tDCS was excluded) were found to have a significant effect on GD. The results of the quality assessment showed that the included studies had a medium to high risk in the randomization process and a medium to high risk of overall bias. Conclusion Rigorous screening identified that four interventions are effective for GD: group counseling, CBI, ACRIP, and short-term CBT. Additionally, a comprehensive review of the literature revealed that improvements could be made in the conceptualization of GD, experimental design, sample representativeness, and reporting quality. It is recommended that future studies have more rigorous research designs and be based on established standards to provide more credible evidence to inform the development of GD interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhou Chen
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiangmiao Lu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Gao
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Yoshimura S, Shibata M, Kyuragi Y, Kobayashi K, Aki M, Murai T, Fujiwara H. The Japanese version of the Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale 2 (GPIUS2): Psychometric evaluation and analysis of the theoretical model. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273895. [PMID: 36441746 PMCID: PMC9704612 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale 2 (GPIUS2) is a self-administered questionnaire that evaluates problematic internet use (PIU) from a multidimensional perspective. We analysed the psychometric properties and adequacy of the theoretical model of Japanese version of the GPIUS2. METHODS This study included 291 healthy Japanese adults (median age = 25 years; interquartile range 22-43 years; 128 women) who completed the GPIUS2 and several other questionnaires evaluating the degree of PIU, self-esteem, depression, and impulsivity. RESULTS Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed a similar factor structure between the original and Japanese versions of the GPIUS2, with only minor differences in item composition. Higher-order confirmatory factor analyses revealed a good overall fit for the factorial model suggested by EFA, indicating adequate construct validity. The model showed acceptable internal consistency. Partial correlation analyses between GPIUS2 and other measures, with age as a control variable, revealed good convergent validity. Finally, structural equation modelling showed a good fit to the data, supporting the cognitive-behavioural model of Caplan (2010). CONCLUSIONS The Japanese version of the GPIUS2 has good psychometric properties and the theoretical model of the original GPIUS2 is applicable to Japanese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Yoshimura
- Faculty of Human Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Organization for the Promotion of Neurodevelopmental Disorder Research, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Developmental Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Mami Shibata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kyuragi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kei Kobayashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Morio Aki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiya Murai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hironobu Fujiwara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Artificial Intelligence Ethics and Society Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Tokyo, Japan
- The General Research Division, Osaka University Research Center on Ethical, Legal and Social Issues, Kyoto, Japan
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Alshakhsi S, Chemnad K, Almourad MB, Altuwairiqi M, McAlaney J, Ali R. Problematic internet usage: the impact of objectively Recorded and categorized usage time, emotional intelligence components and subjective happiness about usage. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11055. [PMID: 36281419 PMCID: PMC9587279 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Most research on Problematic Internet Usage (PIU) relied on self-report data when measuring the time spent on the internet. Self-reporting of use, typically done through a survey, showed discrepancies from the actual amount of use. Studies exploring the association between trait emotional intelligence (EI) components and the subjective feeling on technology usage and PIU are also limited. The current cross-sectional study aims to examine whether the objectively recorded technology usage, taking smartphone usage as a representative, components of trait EI (sociability, emotionality, well-being, self-control), and happiness with phone use can predict PIU and its components (obsession, neglect, and control disorder). A total of 268 participants (Female: 61.6%) reported their demographic and completed a questionnaire that included Problematic Internet Usage Questionnaire short form (PIUQ-SF-6), Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Short Form (TEIQue-SF), level of happiness with the amount and frequency of smartphone use, and living conditions (whether alone or with others). Their smartphone usage was objectively recorded through a dedicated app. A series of one-way ANOVA revealed no significant difference in PIU for different living conditions and a significant difference in the subjective level of happiness with phone usage (F (3, 264) = 7.55, p < .001), as well as of the frequency of usage where the unhappy group had higher PIU (F (3, 264) = 6.85, p < .001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that happiness with phone usage (β = -.17), the actual usage of communication (β = .17), social media (β = .19) and gaming apps (β = .13), and trait EI component of self-control (β = -.28) were all significant predictors of PIU. Moreover, gender, age, and happiness with the frequency of phone usage were not significant predictors of PIU. The whole model accounted for the total variance of PIU by 32.5% (Adjusted R2 = .287). Our study contributes to the literature by being among the few to rely on objectively recorded smartphone usage data and utilizing components of trait EI as predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameha Alshakhsi
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar
| | - Khansa Chemnad
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar
| | | | - Majid Altuwairiqi
- College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, Saudi Arabia
| | - John McAlaney
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, UK
| | - Raian Ali
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar
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Abstract
Modern technology rewards constant engagement and discourages sparing use, opening the door to unhealthy use and even addiction. The technological addictions (TAs) are a newly described set of disorders that come with the technological advances that define the new era. Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is already codified as a proposed diagnosis in the 5th Edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) of the American Psychiatric Association. Others, such as social media addiction (SMA), are in the earlier stages of our understanding. This article provides an overview of the more common TAs including their evaluation and treatment techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Sherer
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 462 1st Avenue, #NB20N11, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Petros Levounis
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 357 West 29th Street, #3A, New York, NY 10001, USA
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Generalized and Specific Problematic Internet Use in Central Siberia Adolescents: A School-Based Study of Prevalence, Age–Sex Depending Content Structure, and Comorbidity with Psychosocial Problems. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137593. [PMID: 35805263 PMCID: PMC9265954 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to assess the prevalence, content structure and, psychological comorbidity of PIU in Russian adolescents. In addition, the design of our research provided an opportunity to compare demographic and psychological patterns of different forms of PIU: generalized (PIUgen) and specific problematic video game use (PUgame), as well as problematic social media use (PUsocial). Methods: This is a one-stage cross-sectional observational study of school sampling in three major Siberian cities. A total of 4514 schoolchildren aged 12–18 (mean age 14.52 ± 1.52 years) were surveyed. The Chen Internet Addiction Scale, the Game Addiction Scale for Adolescents, and the Social Media Disorder Scale were used to identify PIU and its types. Results: The prevalence of PIUgen among adolescents in Central Siberia was 7.2%; the prevalence of PUgame was 10.4%; the prevalence of PUsocial was 8.0%. The results of structural equation modelling, as well as the correlation analysis data, suggest two possible patterns of psychosocial problems with PIU—the first one is characteristic of both PIUgen and PUsocial. The second one—which is significantly different—is characteristic of PUgame. Conclusions: Urban adolescents in Central Siberia do not differ significantly from their Asian and European peers. Our findings support the concept of rejecting the term “generalized PIU” as a single psychological construct.
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Zarate D, Fullwood L, Prokofieva M, Griffiths MD, Stavropoulos V. Problematic Shopping Behavior: An Item Response Theory Examination of the Seven-Item Bergen Shopping Addiction Scale. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022; 21:1-19. [PMID: 35754859 PMCID: PMC9208247 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00844-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been an increasing amount of research examining problematic shopping behavior (PSB), often referred to in the psychological literature as "compulsive buying" or "shopping addiction." A popular scale for assessing the risk of PSB is the seven-item Bergen Shopping Addiction Scale (BSAS). To expand our knowledge of the psychometric properties of this instrument, the present study employed Item Response Theory (IRT) and differential item functioning analyses (DIF) while concurrently attempting to determine a preliminary cut-off point. A relatively large community sample completed the BSAS online (N = 968, M age = 29.5 years, SD age = 9.36, 32.5% women). IRT analyses showed differences regarding the BSAS items' discrimination, difficulty, and precision, with a raw score exceeding 23 (out of 28) indicating a higher risk of shopping addiction. Finally, while most BSAS items operated equally among males and females, Item 2 (mood modification) required a higher level of shopping addiction behaviors to be endorsed by males. The BSAS functions as a reliable assessment of the risk of shopping addiction, particularly between average and high levels of the trait. Clinical implications are discussed in light of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Zarate
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, 70/104 Ballarat Road, Footscray, VIC 3011 Australia
| | | | | | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Vasileios Stavropoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, 70/104 Ballarat Road, Footscray, VIC 3011 Australia
- University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Abstract
Abstract. Since the turn of the millennium, the digital revolution has opened a new layer of opportunities for adolescents to participate, create and learn. Simultaneously there has been growth in both debate and worries regarding how the intensive engagement with digital media affects students’ academic performance, engagement, and school-related well-being, that is, academic functioning. Students’ continuously evolving digital practices are not always in congruence with the more traditional ways of schoolwork. Students flourish and fulfill their potential when the informal and formal practices of learning reach congruence, but when this is not the case, frictions can emerge. Spending time with digital media can provide new avenues for learning and development, but it can equally well divert young people from their studies or increase the daily demands. In this narrative review, we address these continuities and discontinuities between engagement with digital media and academic functioning for school-aged children and young people, focusing on meta-analyses, reviews, and key studies. Following the examination of the current literature, we conclude that, in general, the field of “digital media effects” needs to move beyond screen time and utilize the research on the students’ multidimensional socio-digital engagement already conducted. Second, we conclude that the average effects of digital engagement on academic functioning are negligibly small but heterogeneous, further corroborating the claim to examine the qualitative differences in students’ digital engagement, the individual differences between students, as well as the contextual interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Hietajärvi
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erika Maksniemi
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Hernández C, Cottin M, Parada F, Labbé N, Núñez C, Quevedo Y, Davanzo A, Behn A. Watching the world from my screen: A longitudinal evaluation of the influence of a problematic use of the internet on depressive symptomatology. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2021.106995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Stavropoulos V, Motti-Stefanidi F, Griffiths MD. Risks and Opportunities for Youth in the Digital Era. EUROPEAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2021. [DOI: 10.1027/1016-9040/a000451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Abstract. Due to continued groundbreaking digital advancements, Internet use has increased significantly. This has led to a heated debate in relation to weighing the many advantages of the technology against its potentially deleterious effects. To address such questions, experts converge on the need for greater knowledge around the way individual differences, partly shaped by an individual’s unique experiences of engaging with the medium, and partly by other real-life experiences, lead to different developmental trajectories. Consequently, the goals of the present review are to (i) broadly describe differences in digital media applications, users, and usage; (ii) introduce the Cyber-Developmental Framework (CDF), as an overarching framework for understanding individual differences in adaptive and maladaptive digital media use among youth; (iii) delineate the cyber-component of this framework in relation to users’ experience of the digital context, their activity within it, as well as their digital self-presence, which may have an impact on their digital media use; and (iv) summarize priorities and future directions through the lens of this CDF. Within this context, this review particularly emphasizes the effect of digital media use on youth’s psychological well-being. It is argued that the trajectory youth will follow in their use of the Internet is a function of the interplay between their characteristics, their proximate and distal contexts, and the particular features of the digital application(s) that the individual is engaged in. The review points to the need to conduct research focusing on better understanding the developmental and digital-context-related influences on youth’s trajectories of Internet use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Stavropoulos
- National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
- Department of Psychology, Victoria University Australia, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Nottingham Trent University, United Kingdom
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Normand CL, Fisher MH, Simonato I, Fecteau SM, Poulin MH. A Systematic Review of Problematic Internet Use in Children, Adolescents, and Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder. REVIEW JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40489-021-00270-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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19
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Autism, Problematic Internet Use and Gaming Disorder: A Systematic Review. REVIEW JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40489-021-00243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe present study investigated the association between autism and problematic internet use (PIU) and gaming disorder (GD). A systematic literature search was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. A total of 2286 publications were screened, and 21 were deemed eligible for inclusion in the review. The majority of the studies found positive associations between PIU and subclinical autistic-like traits with weak and moderate effect sizes and between PIU and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) with varying effect sizes. Additionally, individuals with ASD were more likely to exhibit symptoms of GD with moderate and strong effect sizes. Future research would benefit from high-quality studies examining GD and PIU at a clinical level and their relationship with both clinical and subclinical autism.
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Li Y, Li Y, Castaño G. The Mechanism Underlying the Effect of Actual-Ideal Self-Discrepancy on Internet Gaming Addiction: a Moderated Mediation Model. Int J Ment Health Addict 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00273-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Balhara YPS, Singh S, Saini R, Dahiya N, Singh AB, Kumar R. Should Internet gaming disorder be considered a subtype of generalized problematic internet use? Findings from a study among medical college students. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2021; 57:272-278. [PMID: 32557655 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The current study aimed to explore whether Internet gaming disorder (IGD) should be considered a subtype of generalised problematic Internet use (PIU) by assessing the degree of overlap between them and comparing their correlates. The sociodemographic profile and presence of depressive symptoms were studied as correlates for IGD and generalised PIU. DESIGN AND METHODS This was a self-report survey administered online among medical students (n = 306). FINDING Less than half of the participants with IGD (45.45%; 5 out of 11) also met the criteria for generalised PIU. Only 6.67% (5 out of 75) of subjects with generalised PIU were also classified as having IGD. Male gender and time spent on digital gaming per day were associated with greater risk of IGD; whereas the time spent on Internet per day and more frequent use of the Internet for social networking rather than academic purposes were associated with greater risk of generalised PIU. The regression models built for IGD and generalised PIU were statistically significant (F = 64.10; P < .01 and F = 80.97; P < .01, respectively). The two models explained 66.1% and 57.4% of the variance in IGDS-SF and GPIUS2 scores, respectively. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The IGD and generalised PIU appear to be conceptually distinct entities. The IGD should not be assumed as a subtype of generalised PIU. Thus, health care providers need to focus on IGD beyond and besides generalised PIU. There is a need to specifically enquire about IGD while screening for behavioural addictions involving use of Internet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yatan Pal Singh Balhara
- Department of Psychiatry, Behavioral Addictions Clinic (BAC), National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre (NDDTC), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Swarndeep Singh
- Department of Psychiatry, National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre (NDDTC), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Romil Saini
- Department of Psychiatry, National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre (NDDTC), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Neha Dahiya
- Public Health Specialist, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Community Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
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Masi L, Abadie P, Herba C, Emond M, Gingras MP, Amor LB. Video Games in ADHD and Non-ADHD Children: Modalities of Use and Association With ADHD Symptoms. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:632272. [PMID: 33777866 PMCID: PMC7994285 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.632272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Video game addiction in young children is relevant, but it is especially important for children with ADHD. In order to obtain more data about the use of video games by Canadian children, and in particular by ADHD children, we explored the modalities of use (playtime, addiction score and usage by age) and compared them between ADHD and non-ADHD children. We then examined associations between addiction and ADHD symptoms and explored innovative results about the gender impact. Our study was cross-sectional, multicenter in child psychiatrist departments, exploratory and descriptive. We recruited three groups of children aged 4-12 years: the ADHD Group, the Clinical-Control Group and the Community-Control Group. For each group, the material used consisted of questionnaires completed by one of the parents. Data collection took place from December 2016 to August 2018 in Montreal (n = 280). Our study highlighted a vulnerability in ADHD children: they would exhibit more addictive behaviors with respect to video games (Addiction score: 1.1025 in ADHD Group vs. 0.6802 in Community-Control Group) and prolonged periods of use. We also observed a correlation between the severity of ADHD symptoms and excessive use of video games (p = 0.000). Children with severe ADHD showed significantly higher addiction scores and, in a multiple regression analysis a combination of gender and ADHD explained the excessive use of video games.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Masi
- Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Hôpital-Rivière-Des-Prairies), Department of Psychiatry and Addictology of Université de Montréal (UdeM), Research Center of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pascale Abadie
- Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Hôpital-Rivière-Des-Prairies), Department of Psychiatry and Addictology of Université de Montréal (UdeM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Catherine Herba
- Research Center of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital and of Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mutsuko Emond
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology of Université de Montréal (UdeM), Research Center of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Pier Gingras
- Département de psychologie idem pour Catherine Herba, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Leila Ben Amor
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology of Université de Montréal (UdeM), Research Center of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Kircaburun K, Pontes HM, Stavropoulos V, Griffiths MD. A brief psychological overview of disordered gaming. Curr Opin Psychol 2020; 36:38-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Ko CH, Lin HC, Lin PC, Yen JY. Validity, functional impairment and complications related to Internet gaming disorder in the DSM-5 and gaming disorder in the ICD-11. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2020; 54:707-718. [PMID: 31631668 DOI: 10.1177/0004867419881499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many concerns have been raised regarding the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5) criteria for Internet gaming disorder and International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision (ICD-11) criteria for gaming disorder. AIMS In this study, we demonstrated the diagnostic validity of each criterion for Internet gaming disorder in the DSM-5 in terms of their intensity and frequency thresholds and evaluated functional impairments, unhealthy behaviors and complications among adults with Internet gaming disorder and gaming disorder. METHODS We recruited 69 subjects with Internet gaming disorder, 69 regular gamers and 69 controls without regular gaming based on diagnostic interviewing conducted by a psychiatrist according to the DSM-5 Internet gaming disorder criteria. RESULTS Except for the 'deceiving' and 'escapism' criteria, all criteria for Internet gaming disorder had a diagnostic accuracy ranging from 84.7% to 93.5% in differentiating between adults with Internet gaming disorder and regular gamers. A total of 44 participants with Internet gaming disorder (63.8%) fulfilled the gaming disorder criteria. In addition, 89% and 100% of the Internet gaming disorder and gaming disorder groups, respectively, had academic, occupational or social functional impairment. Both the Internet gaming disorder and gaming disorder groups had higher rates of delayed sleep phase syndrome and insomnia. The gaming disorder group also had a higher obesity proportion. CONCLUSION The 'deceiving' and 'escapism' criteria had relatively lower diagnostic accuracy. Both the Internet gaming disorder and gaming disorder groups demonstrated functional impairments and unhealthy behaviors. They also exhibited complications, such as obesity and sleep disorders. These results support the utility of the DSM-5 Internet gaming disorder and ICD-11 gaming disorder criteria in identifying individuals who need treatment for both gaming addiction symptoms and complications resulting from the addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hung Ko
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung.,Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung
| | - Huang-Chi Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung.,Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung
| | - Pai-Cheng Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung.,Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung
| | - Ju-Yu Yen
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung.,Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung
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Problem gambling, associations with comorbid health conditions, substance use, and behavioural addictions: Opportunities for pathways to treatment. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227644. [PMID: 31923269 PMCID: PMC6953879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Problem gambling is a public health issue and its comorbidity with other health conditions may provide an opportunity for screening in healthcare settings; however, a high level of uncertainty and a lack of research in the field remains. The objective of this study is to investigate potential associations between problem gambling and numerous other health conditions, including substance use, mental health problems, and behavioural addictions. Methods A cross-sectional web-survey was distributed by a market research company to an online panel of respondents in Sweden, which aimed to be representative of the general population. Chi-squared and Mann-Whitney U tests, followed by logistic regression analysis, were performed to determine associations between screening positive for lifetime problem gambling and potential comorbid conditions and behaviours. Results Among 2038 participants, 5.7 percent screened positive for lifetime problem gambling. Significant associations were found between problem gambling and male gender, education level, daily tobacco use, moderate psychological distress, problematic shopping, and problem gaming. Conclusion The association between screening for problem gambling and other health conditions, including psychological distress and behavioural addictions such as shopping and gaming, demonstrates the need to screen for problem gambling in the context of other health hazards, such as in different healthcare settings. Further research is required to identify the temporal relationship between these conditions and to investigate underlying etiological mechanisms.
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Di Z, Gong X, Shi J, Ahmed HO, Nandi AK. Internet addiction disorder detection of Chinese college students using several personality questionnaire data and support vector machine. Addict Behav Rep 2019; 10:100200. [PMID: 31508477 PMCID: PMC6726843 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2019.100200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
With the unprecedented development of the Internet, it also brings the challenge of Internet Addiction (IA), which is hard to diagnose and cure according to the state-of-art research. In this study, we explored the feasibility of machine learning methods to detect IA. We acquired a dataset consisting of 2397 Chinese college students from the University (Age: 19.17 ± 0.70, Male: 64.17%) who completed Brief Self Control Scale (BSCS), the 11th version of Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), Chinese Big Five Personality Inventory (CBF-PI) and Chen Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS), where CBF-PI includes five sub-features (Openness, Extraversion, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism) and BSCS includes three sub-features (Attention, Motor and Non-planning). We applied Student's t-test on the dataset for feature selection and Support Vector Machines (SVMs) including C-SVM and ν-SVM with grid search for the classification and parameters optimization. This work illustrates that SVM is a reliable method for the assessment of IA and questionnaire data analysis. The best detection performance of IA is 96.32% which was obtained by C-SVM in the 6-feature dataset without normalization. Finally, the BIS-11, BSCS, Motor, Neuroticism, Non-planning, and Conscientiousness are shown to be promising features for the detection of IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonglin Di
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoliang Gong
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyu Shi
- East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Hosameldin O.A. Ahmed
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UK
| | - Asoke K. Nandi
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UK
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Filakovska Bobakova D, Holubcikova J, Madarasova Geckova A, Dankulincova Veselska Z. What Protects Adolescents with Youth Subculture Affiliation from Excessive Internet Use? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E2451. [PMID: 30400315 PMCID: PMC6266754 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15112451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Youth subculture affiliation (SA) appears to be an important risk factor with regard to adolescents' problem behavior. Excessive Internet use (EIU) has emerged as a new type of problem behavior; however, it has not yet been studied in adolescents affiliated with youth subcultures. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the association between SA and EIU and to explore the role of selected protective factors. We used data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study conducted in 2014 in Slovakia. The final sample for this study comprised 532 adolescents (mean age: 15.4; 49.6% boys). Hierarchical linear regression analysis was conducted to examine the associations of EIU with SA. Adolescents with SA were more likely to report EIU. Adjustment for protective factors decreased the association between EIU and SA. From all tested interactions, only the interaction of SA with family support was found to be significant. The relationship between family support and EIU was mediated via Monitoring by the mother only in adolescents without SA. Our findings imply that the risk of EIU is higher in adolescents with SA. There was a difference in how protective factors worked in adolescents with and without SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Filakovska Bobakova
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University in Kosice, Tr. SNP 1, Kosice 040 66, Slovak.
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University in Olomouc, Univerzitni 22, Olomouc 771 11, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Holubcikova
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University in Kosice, Tr. SNP 1, Kosice 040 66, Slovak.
- Institute of Research on Children, Youth and Family, Masaryk University, Jostova 218/10, Brno 602 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Andrea Madarasova Geckova
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University in Kosice, Tr. SNP 1, Kosice 040 66, Slovak.
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University in Olomouc, Univerzitni 22, Olomouc 771 11, Czech Republic.
| | - Zuzana Dankulincova Veselska
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University in Kosice, Tr. SNP 1, Kosice 040 66, Slovak.
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Mitchell L, Hussain Z. Predictors of Problematic Smartphone Use: An Examination of the Integrative Pathways Model and the Role of Age, Gender, Impulsiveness, Excessive Reassurance Seeking, Extraversion, and Depression. Behav Sci (Basel) 2018; 8:bs8080074. [PMID: 30110898 PMCID: PMC6115828 DOI: 10.3390/bs8080074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The progression of mobile phone technology has led to the development of multi-functional smartphones providing access to features such as social media, e-mail, and videos alongside the basic functions of a mobile phone. Increasing amounts of research has explored the potential addictive nature of smartphones to develop a theoretical framework that describes personality factors related to problematic use. The present study examined the Integrative Pathways Model and the effect of age, gender, impulsiveness, excessive reassurance seeking, extraversion, and depression on problematic smartphone use. Method: A total of 147 smartphone users (mean age = 30.96, SD = 12.97, 69.4% female) completed an online survey comprising of measures of problematic smartphone use, excessive reassurance seeking, extraversion, depression, and impulsiveness. Results: Age, impulsiveness, excessive reassurance seeking, and depression were all significantly related to problematic smartphone use, however extraversion was not significantly related. Furthermore, age and impulsiveness were significant independent predictors of problematic smartphone use. No gender differences were found. Conclusions: The findings presented several factors that predict problematic smartphone use, implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Mitchell
- College of Life and Natural Sciences, School of Human Sciences, University of Derby, Derby DE22 1GB, UK.
| | - Zaheer Hussain
- College of Life and Natural Sciences, School of Human Sciences, University of Derby, Derby DE22 1GB, UK.
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Problematic Use of the Internet and Smartphones in University Students: 2006-2017. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018. [PMID: 29518050 PMCID: PMC5877020 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15030475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It has been more than a decade since a concern about the addictive use of the Internet and mobile phones was first expressed, and its possible inclusion into the lists of mental disorders has recently become a popular topic of scientific discussion. Thus, it seems to be a fitting moment to investigate the prevalence of this issue over time. The aim of the present study was to analyze the prevalence of the perception of problematic Internet and smartphone use in young people over the period 2006–2017. To this end, a questionnaire on Internet use habits and two questionnaires on the negative consequences of Internet and smartphone use were administered to a sample of 792 university students. The scores were then compared with the results of former studies that had used these questionnaires. The perception of problematic Internet and mobile phone use has increased over the last decade, social networks are considered responsible for this increase, and females are perceived to be more affected than males. The current study shows how strong smartphone and Internet addiction and social media overlap. Participants from 2017 report higher negative consequences of both Internet and mobile phone use than those from 2006, but long-term observations show a decrease in problematic use after a sharp increase in 2013. We conclude that the diagnosis of technological addictions is influenced by both time and social and culture changes.
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Ellis DA, Kaye LK, Wilcockson TD, Ryding FC. Digital Traces of Behaviour Within Addiction: Response to Griffiths (2017). Int J Ment Health Addict 2018; 16:240-245. [PMID: 29491773 PMCID: PMC5814548 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-017-9855-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Griffiths' (2017) response to the recent commentary piece by Ryding and Kaye (2017) on "Internet Addiction: A conceptual minefield" provided a useful critique and extension of some key issues. We take this opportunity to further build upon on one of these issues to provide some further insight into how the field of "internet addiction" (IA) or technological addictions more generally, may benefit from capitalising on behavioural data. As such, this response extends Griffiths' (2007) points surrounding the efficacy of behavioural data previously used in studies on problematic gambling, to consider its merit for future research on IA or associated topics such as Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) or "Smartphone addiction". Within this, we highlight the challenges associated with utilising behavioural data but provide some practical solutions which may support researchers and practitioners in this field. These recent developments could, in turn, advance our understanding and potentially validate such concepts by establishing behavioural correlates, conditions and contexts. Indeed, corroborating behavioural metrics alongside self-report measures presents a key opportunity if scholars and practitioners are to move the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linda K. Kaye
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, St Helens Road, Ormskirk, Lancashire L39 4QP UK
| | | | - Francesca C. Ryding
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, St Helens Road, Ormskirk, Lancashire L39 4QP UK
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