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Liu X, Liu K, Wang Y, Meng X, Wang Q, Tao S, Xu Q, Shen X, Gao X, Hong S, Jin H, Wang JQ, Wang D, Lu L, Meng Z, Wang L. SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling factor BAF60b restrains inflammatory diseases by affecting regulatory T cell migration. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114458. [PMID: 38996070 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells play a critical regulatory role in the immune system by suppressing excessive immune responses and maintaining immune balance. The effective migration of Treg cells is crucial for controlling the development and progression of inflammatory diseases. However, the mechanisms responsible for directing Treg cells into the inflammatory tissue remain incompletely elucidated. In this study, we identified BAF60b, a subunit of switch/sucrose nonfermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complexes, as a positive regulator of Treg cell migration that inhibits the progression of inflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and colitis animal models. Mechanistically, transcriptome and genome-wide chromatin-landscaped analyses demonstrated that BAF60b interacts with the transcription factor RUNX1 to promote the expression of CCR9 on Treg cells, which in turn affects their ability to migrate to inflammatory tissues. Our work provides insights into the essential role of BAF60b in regulating Treg cell migration and its impact on inflammatory diseases.
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MESH Headings
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Animals
- Cell Movement
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Inflammation/pathology
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly
- Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics
- Humans
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/metabolism
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/genetics
- Colitis/metabolism
- Colitis/pathology
- Colitis/immunology
- Colitis/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Liu
- Institute of Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311100, China; Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kuai Liu
- Institute of Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311100, China; Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoyu Meng
- Institute of Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311100, China; Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Sijue Tao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qianying Xu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xin Shen
- Co-Facility Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xianzhi Gao
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou 311100, China; Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shenghui Hong
- Laboratory Animal Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huihui Jin
- Laboratory Animal Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - James Q Wang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Haining 314400, China
| | - Di Wang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Linrong Lu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhuoxian Meng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Lie Wang
- Institute of Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311100, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou 311100, China; Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Laboratory Animal Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Haining 314400, China; Future Health Laboratory, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314100, China.
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Lina G, Cuixin Q, Xia Z, Jing Y, Zhirong L, Zirou O, Jiayiren L, Yulian Z, Qiuyue H, Qianqing L, Yan L, Pu Q, Bin Z, Jianhong Z. CCR9+CD4+ T cells are associated with disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37803. [PMID: 38640336 PMCID: PMC11030009 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
An increase in CD4+ T cells in the synovium is closely linked to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We aimed to identify the possible causes of the elevated CD4+ T cell levels and to explore the factors influencing disease activity in RA. Fifty-five RA patients, including 28 with active RA (ARA), 27 with inactive RA, and 22 healthy controls, were recruited for this study. The proportion of CCR9+CD4+ T cells and the expression of chemokine receptor 9 (CCR9) on CD4+ T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and chemiluminescent immunoassay were used to evaluate interleukin (IL)-17A and IL-6 levels, respectively. The proportion of CCR9+CD4+ T cells and the expression of CCR9 on CD4+ T cells increased significantly in peripheral blood (PB) and synovial fluid (SF) in ARA compared to those in inactive RA. Furthermore, SF contained more CCR9+CD4+ T cells, IL-6, and IL-17A than PB in RA patients. Moreover, CD4+ T cells in the PB of patients with RA, especially ARA, expressed more CCR9 and secreted more IL-6 and IL-17A after activation. Here, we also demonstrated that both the percentage of CCR9+ cells in CD4+ T cells and the expression of CCR9 on circulating CD4+ T cells were positively correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hypersensitive C-reactive protein, rheumatoid factor, and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody. CCR9+CD4+ T cells are elevated in PB and SF, and are associated with disease activity in patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Lina
- Provincial Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China
| | - Qiang Cuixin
- Provincial Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zhang Xia
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China
| | - Yang Jing
- Provincial Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Li Zhirong
- Provincial Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ouyang Zirou
- Provincial Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Li Jiayiren
- Provincial Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zhang Yulian
- Provincial Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Huo Qiuyue
- Provincial Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Li Qianqing
- Provincial Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Liu Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China
| | - Qin Pu
- Provincial Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zhang Bin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China
| | - Zhao Jianhong
- Provincial Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Ciechanowska A, Mika J. CC Chemokine Family Members' Modulation as a Novel Approach for Treating Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System Injury-A Review of Clinical and Experimental Findings. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3788. [PMID: 38612597 PMCID: PMC11011591 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite significant progress in modern medicine and pharmacology, damage to the nervous system with various etiologies still poses a challenge to doctors and scientists. Injuries lead to neuroimmunological changes in the central nervous system (CNS), which may result in both secondary damage and the development of tactile and thermal hypersensitivity. In our review, based on the analysis of many experimental and clinical studies, we indicate that the mechanisms occurring both at the level of the brain after direct damage and at the level of the spinal cord after peripheral nerve damage have a common immunological basis. This suggests that there are opportunities for similar pharmacological therapeutic interventions in the damage of various etiologies. Experimental data indicate that after CNS/PNS damage, the levels of 16 among the 28 CC-family chemokines, i.e., CCL1, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL6, CCL7, CCL8, CCL9, CCL11, CCL12, CCL17, CCL19, CCL20, CCL21, and CCL22, increase in the brain and/or spinal cord and have strong proinflammatory and/or pronociceptive effects. According to the available literature data, further investigation is still needed for understanding the role of the remaining chemokines, especially six of them which were found in humans but not in mice/rats, i.e., CCL13, CCL14, CCL15, CCL16, CCL18, and CCL23. Over the past several years, the results of studies in which available pharmacological tools were used indicated that blocking individual receptors, e.g., CCR1 (J113863 and BX513), CCR2 (RS504393, CCX872, INCB3344, and AZ889), CCR3 (SB328437), CCR4 (C021 and AZD-2098), and CCR5 (maraviroc, AZD-5672, and TAK-220), has beneficial effects after damage to both the CNS and PNS. Recently, experimental data have proved that blockades exerted by double antagonists CCR1/3 (UCB 35625) and CCR2/5 (cenicriviroc) have very good anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects. In addition, both single (J113863, RS504393, SB328437, C021, and maraviroc) and dual (cenicriviroc) chemokine receptor antagonists enhanced the analgesic effect of opioid drugs. This review will display the evidence that a multidirectional strategy based on the modulation of neuronal-glial-immune interactions can significantly improve the health of patients after CNS and PNS damage by changing the activity of chemokines belonging to the CC family. Moreover, in the case of pain, the combined administration of such antagonists with opioid drugs could reduce therapeutic doses and minimize the risk of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna Mika
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Str., 31-343 Kraków, Poland;
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Rahiman N, Zamani P, Arabi L, Alavizadeh SH, Nikpoor A, Mashreghi M, Badiee A, Jaafari MR. Novel liposomal glatiramer acetate: Preparation and immunomodulatory evaluation in murine model of multiple sclerosis. Int J Pharm 2023; 648:123620. [PMID: 37981250 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The frequent administration rate required for Glatiramer acetate (GA), a first-line therapy for Multiple sclerosis (MS), poses patient compliance issues. Only a small portion of the subcutaneously administered GA is available for phagocytosis by macrophages, as most of it is hydrolyzed at its administration site or excreted renally. To unravel these hurdles, we have prepared liposomal formulations of GA through thin film-hydration method plus extrusion. The clinical and histopathological efficacy of GA-loaded liposomes were assessed in prophylactic and therapeutic manners on murine model of MS (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)). The selected GA liposomal formulation showed favorable size (275 nm on average), high loading efficiency, and high macrophage localization. Moreover, administration of GA-liposomes in mice robustly suppressed the inflammatory responses and decreased the inflammatory and demyelinated lesion regions in CNS compared to the free GA with subsequent reduction of the EAE clinical score. Our study indicated that liposomal GA could be served as a reliable nanomedicine-based platform to hopefully curb MS-related aberrant autoreactive immune responses with higher efficacy, longer duration of action, fewer administration frequencies, and higher delivery rate to macrophages. This platform has the potential to be introduced as a vaccine for MS after clinical translation and merits further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Rahiman
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parvin Zamani
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Leila Arabi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Hoda Alavizadeh
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Aminreza Nikpoor
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mashreghi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Badiee
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Wang Y, Pei S, Liu Z, Ding Y, Qian T, Wen H, Hsu SW, Zhou Z, Zhang J, Wang H. IRAK-M suppresses the activation of microglial NLRP3 inflammasome and GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis through inhibiting IRAK1 phosphorylation during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:103. [PMID: 36765034 PMCID: PMC9918485 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05621-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The activation of the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome triggers pyroptosis proinflammatory cell death in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, the underlying mechanisms of the inflammatory processes of microglia in EAE remain unclear. Our previous studies suggested that interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK)-M down-regulates the toll-like receptor 4/interleukin-1 receptor signaling pathway. Here, we used IRAK-M knockout (IRAK-M-/-) mice and their microglia to dissect the role of IRAK-M in EAE. We found that deletion of IRAK-M increased the incidence rate and exacerbated the clinical symptoms in EAE mice. We then found that IRAK-M deficiency promoted the activation of microglia, activated NLRP3 inflammasomes, and enhanced GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis in the microglia of EAE. In contrast, over-expression of IRAK-M exerted inhibitory effects on neuroinflammation, NLRP3 activation, and pyroptosis. Moreover, IRAK-M deficiency enhanced the phosphorylation of IRAK1, while IRAK-M over-expression downregulated the level of phosphorylated IRAK1. Finally, we found upregulated binding of IRAK1 and TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) in IRAK-M-/- EAE mice compared to WT mice, which was blocked in AAVIRAK-M EAE mice. Our study reveals a complex signaling network of IRAK-M, which negatively regulates microglial NLRP3 inflammasomes and pyroptosis by inhibiting IRAK1 phosphorylation during EAE. These findings suggest a potential target for the novel therapeutic approaches of multiple sclerosis (MS)/EAE and NLRP3-related inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, 510180, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Pei
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuhe Liu
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, 510180, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuewen Ding
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tinglin Qian
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haixia Wen
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, 510180, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ssu-Wei Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Zheyi Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Liuzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine, 545001, Liuzhou, China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Honghao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, 510180, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China.
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Gut immune cell trafficking: inter-organ communication and immune-mediated inflammation. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 20:50-64. [PMID: 35945456 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-022-00663-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Immune cell trafficking is a complex and tightly regulated process that is indispensable for the body's fight against pathogens. However, it is also increasingly acknowledged that dysregulation of cell trafficking contributes to the pathogenesis of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) in gastroenterology and hepatology, such as inflammatory bowel disease and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Moreover, altered cell trafficking has also been implicated as a crucial step in the immunopathogenesis of other IMIDs, such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. Over the past few years, a central role of the gut in mediating these disorders has progressively emerged, and the partly microbiota-driven imprinting of particular cell trafficking phenotypes in the intestine seems to be crucially involved. Therefore, this Review highlights achievements in understanding immune cell trafficking to, within and from the intestine and delineates its consequences for immune-mediated pathology along the gut-liver, gut-joint and gut-brain axes. We also discuss implications for current and future therapeutic approaches that specifically interfere with homing, retention, egress and recirculation of immune cells.
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Kwilasz AJ, Clements MA, Larson TA, Harris KM, Litwiler ST, Woodall BJ, Todd LS, Schrama AEW, Mitten EH, Maier SF, Van Dam AM, Rice KC, Watkins LR. Involvement of TLR2-TLR4, NLRP3, and IL-17 in pain induced by a novel Sprague-Dawley rat model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2022; 3:932530. [PMID: 36176709 PMCID: PMC9513159 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2022.932530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Up to 92% of patients suffering from multiple sclerosis (MS) experience pain, most without adequate treatment, and many report pain long before motor symptoms associated with MS diagnosis. In the most commonly studied rodent model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), motor impairments/disabilities caused by EAE can interfere with pain testing. In this study, we characterize a novel low-dose myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein (MOG)-induced Sprague-Dawley (SD) model of EAE-related pain in male rats, optimized to minimize motor impairments/disabilities. Adult male SD rats were treated with increasing doses of intradermal myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein (MOG1-125) (0, 4, 8, and 16 μg) in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) vehicle to induce mild EAE. Von Frey testing and motor assessments were conducted prior to EAE induction and then weekly thereafter to assess EAE-induced pain and motor impairment. Results from these studies demonstrated that doses of 8 and 16 μg MOG1-125 were sufficient to produce stable mechanical allodynia for up to 1 month in the absence of hindpaw motor impairments/disabilities. In the follow-up studies, these doses of MOG1-125, were administered to create allodynia in the absence of confounded motor impairments. Then, 2 weeks later, rats began daily subcutaneous injections of the Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 (TLR2-TLR4) antagonist (+)-naltrexone [(+)-NTX] or saline for an additional 13 days. We found that (+)-NTX also reverses EAE-induced mechanical allodynia in the MOG-induced SD rat model of EAE, supporting parallels between models, but now allowing a protracted timecourse to be examined completely free of motor confounds. Exploring further mechanisms, we demonstrated that both spinal NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) are necessary for EAE-induced pain, as intrathecal injections of NLRP3 antagonist MCC950 and IL-17 neutralizing antibody both acutely reversed EAE-induced pain. Finally, we show that spinal glial immunoreactivity induced by EAE is reversed by (+)-NTX, and that spinal demyelination correlates with the severity of motor impairments/disabilities. These findings characterize an optimized MOG-induced SD rat model of EAE for the study of pain with minimal motor impairments/disabilities. Finally, these studies support the role of TLR2-TLR4 antagonists as a potential treatment for MS-related pain and other pain and inflammatory-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Kwilasz
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
- The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Madison A. Clements
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
- The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Tracey A. Larson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
- The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Kevin M. Harris
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
- The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Scott T. Litwiler
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
- The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Brodie J. Woodall
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
- The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Laurel S. Todd
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
- The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Anouk E. W. Schrama
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
- The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Eric H. Mitten
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
- The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Steven F. Maier
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
- The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Anne-Marie Van Dam
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kenner C. Rice
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Linda R. Watkins
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
- The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
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Heng AHS, Han CW, Abbott C, McColl SR, Comerford I. Chemokine-Driven Migration of Pro-Inflammatory CD4 + T Cells in CNS Autoimmune Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:817473. [PMID: 35250997 PMCID: PMC8889115 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.817473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory CD4+ T helper (Th) cells drive the pathogenesis of many autoimmune conditions. Recent advances have modified views of the phenotype of pro-inflammatory Th cells in autoimmunity, extending the breadth of known Th cell subsets that operate as drivers of these responses. Heterogeneity and plasticity within Th1 and Th17 cells, and the discovery of subsets of Th cells dedicated to production of other pro-inflammatory cytokines such as GM-CSF have led to these advances. Here, we review recent progress in this area and focus specifically upon evidence for chemokine receptors that drive recruitment of these various pro-inflammatory Th cell subsets to sites of autoimmune inflammation in the CNS. We discuss expression of specific chemokine receptors by subsets of pro-inflammatory Th cells and highlight which receptors may be tractable targets of therapeutic interventions to limit pathogenic Th cell recruitment in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron H S Heng
- The Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Caleb W Han
- The Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Caitlin Abbott
- The Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Shaun R McColl
- The Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Iain Comerford
- The Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Harris KM, Clements MA, Kwilasz AJ, Watkins LR. T cell transgressions: Tales of T cell form and function in diverse disease states. Int Rev Immunol 2022; 41:475-516. [PMID: 34152881 PMCID: PMC8752099 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2021.1921764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Insights into T cell form, function, and dysfunction are rapidly evolving. T cells have remarkably varied effector functions including protecting the host from infection, activating cells of the innate immune system, releasing cytokines and chemokines, and heavily contributing to immunological memory. Under healthy conditions, T cells orchestrate a finely tuned attack on invading pathogens while minimizing damage to the host. The dark side of T cells is that they also exhibit autoreactivity and inflict harm to host cells, creating autoimmunity. The mechanisms of T cell autoreactivity are complex and dynamic. Emerging research is elucidating the mechanisms leading T cells to become autoreactive and how such responses cause or contribute to diverse disease states, both peripherally and within the central nervous system. This review provides foundational information on T cell development, differentiation, and functions. Key T cell subtypes, cytokines that create their effector roles, and sex differences are highlighted. Pathological T cell contributions to diverse peripheral and central disease states, arising from errors in reactivity, are highlighted, with a focus on multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, neuropathic pain, and type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Linda R. Watkins
- Corresponding author: Ph: 720-387-0304, Fax: 303-735-8290, , Address: 2860 Wilderness Place, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80301
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10
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Li H, Liu S, Han J, Li S, Gao X, Wang M, Zhu J, Jin T. Role of Toll-Like Receptors in Neuroimmune Diseases: Therapeutic Targets and Problems. Front Immunol 2021; 12:777606. [PMID: 34790205 PMCID: PMC8591135 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.777606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins playing a key role in innate and adaptive immune responses. TLRs are involved in the development and progression of neuroimmune diseases via initiating inflammatory responses. Thus, targeting TLRs signaling pathway may be considered as a potential therapy for neuroimmune diseases. However, the role of TLRs is elusive and complex in neuroimmune diseases. In addition to the inadequate immune response of TLRs inhibitors in the experiments, the recent studies also demonstrated that partial activation of TLRs is conducive to the production of anti-inflammatory factors and nervous system repair. Exploring the mechanism of TLRs in neuroimmune diseases and combining with developing the emerging drug may conquer neuroimmune diseases in the future. Herein, we provide an overview of the role of TLRs in several neuroimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, Guillain-Barré syndrome and myasthenia gravis. Emerging difficulties and potential solutions in clinical application of TLRs inhibitors will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Li
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinming Han
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Shengxian Li
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoyan Gao
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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11
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Inflammation- and Gut-Homing Macrophages, Engineered to De Novo Overexpress Active Vitamin D, Promoted the Regenerative Function of Intestinal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179516. [PMID: 34502422 PMCID: PMC8430522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gut. Available drugs aim to suppress gut inflammation. These drugs have significantly delayed disease progression and improved patients’ quality of life. However, the disease continues to progress, underscoring the need to develop novel therapies. Aside from chronic gut inflammation, IBD patients also experience a leaky gut problem due to damage to the intestinal epithelial layer. In this regard, epithelial regeneration and repair are mediated by intestinal stem cells. However, no therapies are available to directly enhance the intestinal stem cells’ regenerative and repair function. Recently, it was shown that active vitamin D, i.e., 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D or 1,25(OH)2D, was necessary to maintain Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells, actively cycling under physiological conditions. In this study, we used two strategies to investigate the role of 1,25(OH)2D in intestinal stem cells’ regenerative function. First, to avoid the side effects of systemic high 1,25(OH)2D conditions, we used our recently developed novel strategy to deliver locally high 1,25(OH)2D concentrations specifically to inflamed intestines. Second, because of the Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells’ active cycling status, we used a pulse-and-chase strategy via 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling to trace the Lgr5+ stem cells through the whole epithelial regeneration process. Our data showed that locally high 1,25(OH)2D concentrations enhanced intestinal stem cell migration. Additionally, the migrated cells differentiated into mature epithelial cells. Our data, therefore, suggest that local delivery of high 1,25(OH)2D concentrations is a promising strategy to augment intestinal epithelial repair in IBD patients.
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12
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Wu X, Sun M, Yang Z, Lu C, Wang Q, Wang H, Deng C, Liu Y, Yang Y. The Roles of CCR9/CCL25 in Inflammation and Inflammation-Associated Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:686548. [PMID: 34490243 PMCID: PMC8416662 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.686548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine is a structure-related protein with a relatively small molecular weight, which can target cells to chemotaxis and promote inflammatory response. Inflammation plays an important role in aging. C-C chemokine receptor 9 (CCR9) and its ligand C-C chemokine ligand 25 (CCL25) are involved in the regulating the occurrence and development of various diseases, which has become a research hotspot. Early research analysis of CCR9-deficient mouse models also confirmed various physiological functions of this chemokine in inflammatory responses. Moreover, CCR9/CCL25 has been shown to play an important role in a variety of inflammation-related diseases, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), rheumatoid arthritis, hepatitis, inflammatory bowel disease, asthma, etc. Therefore, the purpose of this review gives an overview of the recent advances in understanding the roles of CCR9/CCL25 in inflammation and inflammation-associated diseases, which will contribute to the design of future experimental studies on the potential of CCR9/CCL25 and advance the research of CCR9/CCL25 as pharmacological inflammatory targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wu
- Department of Paediatrics, Shenmu Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Shenmu, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Meng Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Paediatrics, Shenmu Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Shenmu, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chenxi Lu
- Department of Paediatrics, Shenmu Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Shenmu, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Paediatrics, Shenmu Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Shenmu, China
| | - Haiying Wang
- Department of Paediatrics, Shenmu Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Shenmu, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yonglin Liu
- Department of Paediatrics, Shenmu Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Shenmu, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Paediatrics, Shenmu Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Shenmu, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
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13
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Jorda A, Aldasoro M, Aldasoro C, Valles SL. Inflammatory Chemokines Expression Variations and Their Receptors in APP/PS1 Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 83:1051-1060. [PMID: 34397415 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Alzheimer's disease (AD), an increase in inflammation is distinctive. Amyloid precursor protein plus presenilin-1 (APP/PS1 mice) is a model for this illness. Chemokines secreted by central nervous system (CNS) cells could play multiple important roles in AD. Data looking for the chemokines involved in inflammatory mechanisms are lacking. To understand the changes that occur in the inflammation process in AD, it is necessary to improve strategies to act on specific inflammatory targets. OBJECTIVE Chemokines and their receptors involved in phagocytosis, demyelination, chemotaxis, and coagulation were the objective of our study. METHODS Female APPswe/PS1 double-transgenic mice (B6C3-Tg) were used and cortex brain from 20-22-month-old mice obtained and used to quantify chemokines and chemokine receptors expression using RT-PCR technique. RESULTS Significant inflammatory changes were detected in APP/PS1 compared to wild type mice. CCR1, CCR3, CCR4, and CCR9 were elevated, and CCR2 were decreased compared with wild type mice. Their ligands CCL7, CCL11, CCL17, CCL22, CCL25, and CXCL4 showed an increase expression; however, changes were not observed in CCL2 in APP/PS1 compared to wild type mice. CONCLUSION This change in expression could explain the differences between AD patients and elderly people without this illness. This would provide a new strategy for the treatment of AD, with the possibility to act in specific inflammatory targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Jorda
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain.,Faculty of Surgery and Chiropody, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Martin Aldasoro
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Constanza Aldasoro
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Soraya L Valles
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain
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14
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Umar S, Palasiewicz K, Van Raemdonck K, Volin MV, Romay B, Ahmad I, Tetali C, Sweiss N, Amin MA, Zomorrodi RK, Shahrara S. CCL25 and CCR9 is a unique pathway that potentiates pannus formation by remodeling RA macrophages into mature osteoclasts. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:903-914. [PMID: 33347617 PMCID: PMC10041658 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study elucidates the mechanism of CCL25 and CCR9 in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA synovial fluid (SF) expresses elevated levels of CCL25 compared to OA SF and plasma from RA and normal. CCL25 was released into RA SF by fibroblasts (FLS) and macrophages (MΦs) stimulated with IL-1β and IL-6. CCR9 is also presented on IL-1β and IL-6 activated RA FLS and differentiated MΦs. Conversely, in RA PBMCs neither CCL25 nor CCR9 are impacted by 3-month longitudinal TNF inhibitor therapy. CCL25 amplifies RA FLS and monocyte infiltration via p38 and ERK phosphorylation. CCL25-stimulated RA FLS secrete potentiated levels of IL-8 which is disrupted by p38 and ERK inhibitors. CCL25 polarizes RA monocytes into nontraditional M1 MΦs that produce IL-8 and CCL2. Activation of p38 and ERK cascades are also responsible for the CCL25-induced M1 MΦ development. Unexpectedly, CCL25 was unable to polarize RA PBMCs into effector Th1/Th17 cells. Consistently, lymphokine like RANKL was uninvolved in CCL25-induced osteoclastogenesis; however, this manifestation was regulated by osteoclastic factors such as RANK, cathepsin K (CTSK), and TNF-α. In short, we reveal that CCL25/CCR9 manipulates RA FLS and MΦ migration and inflammatory phenotype in addition to osteoclast formation via p38 and ERK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadiq Umar
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, the University of Illinois at Chicago, IL
| | - Karol Palasiewicz
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, the University of Illinois at Chicago, IL
| | - Katrien Van Raemdonck
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, the University of Illinois at Chicago, IL
| | - Michael V. Volin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL
| | - Bianca Romay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, the University of Illinois at Chicago, IL
| | - Imran Ahmad
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, the University of Illinois at Chicago, IL
| | - Chandana Tetali
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, the University of Illinois at Chicago, IL
| | - Nadera Sweiss
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, the University of Illinois at Chicago, IL
| | - M Asif Amin
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 481096
| | - Ryan K Zomorrodi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, the University of Illinois at Chicago, IL
| | - Shiva Shahrara
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, the University of Illinois at Chicago, IL
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15
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Modulation of the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in the CNS by matrine in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 2021; 352:577480. [PMID: 33493985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory mediator high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)-induced signaling pathway has been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Matrine (MAT), a quinolizidine alkaloid component derived from the root of Sophorae flavescens, has the capacity to effectively suppress EAE. However, the impact of MAT treatment on HMGB1-induced signaling is not known. In the present study, we show that MAT treatment alleviated disease severity of ongoing EAE, reduced inflammatory infiltration and demyelination, and reduced the production of inflammatory factors including TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in the CNS. Moreover, MAT administration significantly reduced the protein and RNA expression of HMGB1 and TLR4 in the spinal cord, particularly in astrocytes and microglia/infiltrating macrophages. The expression of MyD88 and TRAF6, and the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65, was also down-regulated after MAT treatment. In contrast, the level of IκB-α, an inhibitory molecule for NF-κB activation, was significantly increased. Furthermore, the direct inhibitory effect of MAT on HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling in macrophages was further confirmed in vitro. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that MAT treatment alleviated CNS inflammatory demyelination and activation of astrocytes and microglia/macrophages in EAE rats, and that the mechanism underlying these effects may be closely related to modulation of HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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16
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Palada V, Ahmed AS, Freyhult E, Hugo A, Kultima K, Svensson CI, Kosek E. Elevated inflammatory proteins in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with painful knee osteoarthritis are associated with reduced symptom severity. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 349:577391. [PMID: 32987275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and periphery-to-CNS neuroimmune cross-talk in patients with painful knee osteoarthritis (OA) are poorly understood. We utilized proximity extension assay to measure the level of 91 inflammatory proteins in CSF and serum from OA patients and controls. The patients had elevated levels of 48 proteins in CSF indicating neuroinflammation. Ten proteins were correlated between CSF and serum and potentially involved in periphery-to-CNS neuroimmune cross-talk. Seven CSF proteins, all with previously reported neuroprotective effects, were associated with lower pain intensity and milder knee-related symptoms. Our findings indicate that neuroinflammation in OA could be protective and associated with less severe symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinko Palada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Aisha Siddiqah Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Eva Freyhult
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden
| | - Anders Hugo
- Ortho Center Stockholm, 194 89 Upplands Väsby, Sweden
| | - Kim Kultima
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden; Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden
| | - Camilla I Svensson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden.
| | - Eva Kosek
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden.
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17
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Kwilasz AJ, Todd LS, Duran-Malle JC, Schrama AEW, Mitten EH, Larson TA, Clements MA, Harris KM, Litwiler ST, Wang X, Van Dam AM, Maier SF, Rice KC, Watkins LR, Barrientos RM. Experimental autoimmune encephalopathy (EAE)-induced hippocampal neuroinflammation and memory deficits are prevented with the non-opioid TLR2/TLR4 antagonist (+)-naltrexone. Behav Brain Res 2020; 396:112896. [PMID: 32905811 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with burdensome memory impairments and preclinical literature suggests that these impairments are linked to neuroinflammation. Previously, we have shown that toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) antagonists, such as (+)-naltrexone [(+)-NTX], block neuropathic pain and associated spinal inflammation in rats. Here we extend these findings to first demonstrate that (+)-NTX blocks TLR2 in addition to TLR4. Additionally, we examined in two rat strains whether (+)-NTX could attenuate learning and memory disturbances and associated neuroinflammation using a low-dose experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS. EAE is the most commonly used experimental model for the human inflammatory demyelinating disease, MS. This low-dose model avoided motor impairments that would confound learning and memory measurements. Fourteen days later, daily subcutaneous (+)-NTX or saline injections began and continued throughout the study. Contextual and auditory-fear conditioning were conducted at day 21 to assess hippocampal and amygdalar function. With this low-dose model, EAE impaired long-term, but not short-term, contextual fear memory; both long-term and short-term auditory-cued fear memory were spared. This was associated with increased mRNA for hippocampal interleukin-1β (IL-1β), TLR2, TLR4, NLRP3, and IL-17 and elevated expression of the microglial marker Iba1 in CA1 and DG regions of the hippocampus, confirming the neuroinflammation observed in higher-dose EAE models. Importantly, (+)-NTX completely prevented the EAE-induced memory impairments and robustly attenuated the associated proinflammatory effects. These findings suggest that (+)-NTX may exert therapeutic effects on memory function by dampening the neuroinflammatory response in the hippocampus through blockade of TLR2/TLR4. This study suggests that TLR2 and TLR4 antagonists may be effective at treating MS-related memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Kwilasz
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Laurel S Todd
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Julissa C Duran-Malle
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Anouk E W Schrama
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Eric H Mitten
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Tracey A Larson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Madison A Clements
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Kevin M Harris
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Scott T Litwiler
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of the Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Anne-Marie Van Dam
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Steven F Maier
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Kenner C Rice
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Linda R Watkins
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Ruth M Barrientos
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Chronic Brain Injury Program, Discovery Themes Initiative, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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18
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Deerhake ME, Biswas DD, Barclay WE, Shinohara ML. Pattern Recognition Receptors in Multiple Sclerosis and Its Animal Models. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2644. [PMID: 31781124 PMCID: PMC6861384 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) coordinate the innate immune response and have a significant role in the development of multiple sclerosis (MS). Accumulating evidence has identified both pathogenic and protective functions of PRR signaling in MS and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Additionally, evidence for PRR signaling in non-immune cells and PRR responses to host-derived endogenous ligands has also revealed new pathways controlling the development of CNS autoimmunity. Many PRRs remain uncharacterized in MS and EAE, and understanding the distinct triggers and functions of PRR signaling in CNS autoimmunity requires further investigation. In this brief review, we discuss the diverse pathogenic and protective functions of PRRs in MS and EAE, and highlight major avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elizabeth Deerhake
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Debolina D Biswas
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - William E Barclay
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Mari L Shinohara
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
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19
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Han J, Liu Y, Zhen F, Yuan W, Zhang W, Song X, Dong F, Yao R, Qu X. STAT3 Regulates miR-384 Transcription During Th17 Polarization. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:253. [PMID: 31737624 PMCID: PMC6838002 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are powerful regulators of gene expression in physiological and pathological conditions. We previously showed that the dysregulation of miR-384 resulted in a T helper cell 17 (Th17) imbalance and contributed to the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of multiple sclerosis. In this study, we evaluated the molecular mechanisms underlying the abnormal increase in miR-384. We did not detect typical CpG islands in the Mir384 promoter. Based on a bioinformatics analysis of the promoter, we identified three conserved transcription factor binding regions (RI, RII, and RIII), two of which (RII and RIII) were cis-regulatory elements. Furthermore, we showed that signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) bound to specific sites in RII and RIII based on chromatin immunoprecipitation, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, and site-specific mutagenesis. During Th17 polarization in vitro, STAT3 activation up-regulated miR-384, while a STAT3 phosphorylation inhibitor decreased miR-384 levels and reduced the percentage of IL-17+ cells, IL-17 secretion, and expression of the Th17 lineage marker Rorγt. Moreover, the simultaneous inhibition of STAT3 and miR-384 could further block Th17 polarization. These results indicate that STAT3, rather than DNA methylation, contributes to the regulation of miR-384 during Th17 polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Han
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yaping Liu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Sciences Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Fei Zhen
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wen Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaotao Song
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Fuxing Dong
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ruiqin Yao
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xuebin Qu
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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Li Y, Yang D, Sun B, Zhang X, Li F, Liu Z, Zheng Y. Discovery of crucial cytokines associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm formation by protein array analysis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:1648-1657. [PMID: 31665916 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219885101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As a common disease, abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) features permanently progressively dilated abdominal aorta. Various cytokines are implicated in AAA pathogenesis. Clarification of involved cytokines combined with functional analysis may provide new insights into AAA pathogenesis. Using a mouse model, this study analyzed the cytokine profiles in AAA. Cytokines were measured in AAA tissues of saline control or angiotensin II-treated ApoE−/− mice using an antibody array of 200 cytokines, cytokine receptors, and related proteins. Statistical analysis revealed that 21 of 200 proteins were differentially expressed in AAA. These differentially expressed proteins were subjected to function and pathway enrichment analysis, which revealed that leukocyte migration and positive regulation of cell adhesion were the most significant biological processes. Specific signaling pathways, including Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription and cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, were prominent in Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway enrichment analysis. Importantly, our data identified cytokines which had not previously been illustrated in AAA pathogenic pathways. Bivariate correlation analysis between these cytokines and protease activity showed that granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), macrophage inflammatory protein 1 g, cardiotrophin 1, milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 protein, interleukin 33, and periostin were positively correlated with matrix metalloprotease 1 (MMP-1), MMP-9, cathepsin B, and cathepsin L. G-CSF was positively correlated with cathepsin L. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that cytokine profile is significantly altered in AAA, and that the newly identified crucial cytokines may function potentially in AAA pathogenesis. Impact statement Various cytokines are known contributors to abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) pathologic processes, but the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis remains unclear. We illustrated the altered cytokine profiles in AAA by high throughput antibody array of 200 cytokines, cytokine receptors and related proteins, as well as bioinformatics analysis of differentially expressed proteins in lesion tissues from AAA mice infused with angiotensin II. Functional analyses of differentially expressed cytokines showed clustering on cell migration and adhesion processes. More importantly, crucial cytokines whose association with AAA formation had not been established were identified. Significant correlations were found between these cytokines and protease activity. This study identifies several crucial markers for further researches on the molecular basis of AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Fangda Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zhili Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yuehong Zheng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
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