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von Jakitsch CB, Pinto Neto O, Pinho TOR, Ribeiro W, Pereira R, Baltatu OC, Osório RAL. High and low pitch sound stimuli effects on heart-brain coupling. Biomed Eng Lett 2024; 14:331-339. [PMID: 38374900 PMCID: PMC10874348 DOI: 10.1007/s13534-023-00340-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the influence of sound stimulation on heart rate and the potential coupling between cardiac and cerebral activities. Thirty-one participants underwent exposure to periods of silence and two distinct continuous, non-repetitive pure tone stimuli: low pitch (110 Hz) and high pitch (880 Hz). Electroencephalography (EEG) data from electrodes F3, F4, F7, F8, Fp1, Fp2, T3, T4, T5, and T6 were recorded, along with R-R interval data for heart rate. Heart-brain connectivity was assessed using wavelet coherence between heart rate variability (HRV) and EEG envelopes (EEGE). Heart rates were significantly lower during high and low-pitch sound periods than in silence (p < 0.002). HRV-EEGE coherence was significantly lower during high-pitch intervals than silence and low-pitch sound intervals (p < 0.048), specifically between the EEG Beta band and the low-frequency HRV range. These results imply a differential involvement of the frontal and temporal brain regions in response to varying auditory stimuli. Our findings highlight the essential nature of discerning the complex interrelations between sound frequencies and their implications for heart-brain connectivity. Such insights could have ramifications for conditions like seizures and sleep disturbances. A deeper exploration is warranted to decipher specific sound stimuli's potential advantages or drawbacks in diverse clinical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Osmar Pinto Neto
- Center of Innovation, Technology and Education (CITE), Anhembi Morumbi University – Anima Institute, São José dos Campos Technology Park, São José dos Campos, Brazil
- Arena235 Research Lab, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rafael Pereira
- Integrative Physiology Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), Jequie, Brazil
| | - Ovidiu Constantin Baltatu
- Center of Innovation, Technology and Education (CITE), Anhembi Morumbi University – Anima Institute, São José dos Campos Technology Park, São José dos Campos, Brazil
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Moreno-Gutiérrez JÁ, de Rojas Leal C, López-González MV, Chao-Écija A, Dawid-Milner MS. Impact of music performance anxiety on cardiovascular blood pressure responses, autonomic tone and baroreceptor sensitivity to a western classical music piano-concert. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1213117. [PMID: 37539390 PMCID: PMC10394300 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1213117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Music Performance Anxiety (MPA) is a prevalent condition among musicians that can manifest both psychologically and physiologically, leading to impaired musical performance. Physiologically, MPA is characterized by excessive muscular and/or autonomic tone. This study focuses on the cardiovascular blood pressure responses, autonomic tone and baroreceptor sensitivity changes that occur during musical performance due to MPA. Methods Six professional pianists perform a piece for piano written only for the left hand by Alexander Scriabin. The following parameters have been studied during the performance: ECG, non-invasive beat to beat continuous arterial blood pressure and skin conductance. Sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic flow was studied with Wigner-Ville analysis (W-V) from R-R ECG variability, and baroreceptor sensitivity with the Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT). Results During the concert a significant increase of heart rate, systolic, mean and diastolic arterial pressure were observed. No significant differences were found in skin conductance. The W-V analysis, which studies frequency changes in the time domain, shows a significant increase of sympathetic flow and a decrease of parasympathetic flow during the concert which is associated with a significant decrease in sympathetic and vagal baroreceptor sensitivity. Discussion The study of cardiac variability using the Wigner-Ville analysis may be a suitable method to assess the autonomic response in the context of MPA, and could be used as biofeedback in personalized multimodal treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmen de Rojas Leal
- School of Medicine, Autonomic Nervous System Unit, CIMES, University of Málaga, Malaga, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de La Victoria, Malaga, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Manuel Víctor López-González
- School of Medicine, Autonomic Nervous System Unit, CIMES, University of Málaga, Malaga, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Alvaro Chao-Écija
- School of Medicine, Autonomic Nervous System Unit, CIMES, University of Málaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Marc Stefan Dawid-Milner
- School of Medicine, Autonomic Nervous System Unit, CIMES, University of Málaga, Malaga, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
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Hijazi B, Tirosh E, Chudnovsky A, Saadi D, Schnell I. The short term adaptation of the autonomic nervous systems (ANS) by type of urban environment and ethnicity. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 218:114929. [PMID: 36460075 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies examined the effects of urban environments on the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS). These studies measured the effects of environments on Heart Rate Variability (HRV) averaging different time intervals to one value. Yet, the dynamics of change, reflecting the functions and their derivatives that describe the adaptation to the new environments remain unknown. In addition, ethnic differences in the ANS adaptation were not investigated. METHOD Forty-eight Arab and 24 Jewish women ages 20-35 years, all healthy, non-smokers were recruited by a snowball sample. Both groups were of a similar socioeconomic status and BMI distributions. Using a portable monitor, the HRV response was continuously analyzed for 35 min of sedentary sitting in each of the three environments: a park, a city center and a residential area. LF/HF polynomial function was adapted to describe the dynamic change in each environment for each ethnic group. RESULTS Green area exposure was associated with 90% immediate change while in built-up areas, the change in HRV is about 40% adaptive (changing gradually). The adaptive process of HRV may stabilize after 15 min in the city center yet not even after 35 min in the residential environment. The total change (immediate + adaptive) reached 24% in city centers and 10% in residential areas. Changes in HRV rates in the park and the city center environments were higher among Arab women as compared to Jewish women but similar between the two groups in the residential area. The distributions of LF/HF in each time cohort were normal, meaning that shifting the focus to analyze functions of change in HRV, opens the possibility to employ analytic methods that assume the normal distribution. CONCLUSIONS Changing the focus from average levels of HRV to functions of change and their derivatives brings new insight into the understanding of the ANS response to environmental challenges. ANS short term adaptation to different environments is gradual and spans differently both in magnitude of response and latencies between different environments. Importantly, in green areas, the response is immediate unlike the adaptation to urban environments that is significantly more gradual. The ethnic differences in ANS adaptation is also noteworthy. In addition, adaptation proceeesses are normaly distributed in each time cohort suggesting a possible novel ANS index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basem Hijazi
- Porter School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Emanuel Tirosh
- The Rappaport Family Faculty of Medicine, The Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Israel
| | - Alexandra Chudnovsky
- Porter School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Diana Saadi
- Porter School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Izhak Schnell
- Porter School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
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Lin HM, Kuo SH, Mai TP. Slower tempo makes worse performance? The effect of musical tempo on cognitive processing speed. Front Psychol 2023; 14:998460. [PMID: 36910785 PMCID: PMC9998681 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.998460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of musical tempo on cognitive processing speed were investigated, and the mediating effect of arousal was empirically tested. In an experiment, participants were divided into fast tempo, slow tempo, and no-music groups and completed three cognitive processing speed tests measuring motor speed, visuospatial processing speed, and linguistic processing speed. The results indicated a significant effect of musical tempo on processing speed and task performance in all three tasks. The slow-tempo group exhibited slower processing speed and worse performance than the no-music group in all three tasks. The fast tempo group displayed no significant difference in processing speed or performance compared with the no-music group. In the linguistic processing task, those who listened to slow-tempo music had better accuracy than those in the other conditions. Arousal did not mediate the relationship between musical tempo and cognitive processing speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Ming Lin
- Department of Business Administration, Minghsin University of Science and Technology, Xinfeng, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Su-Hui Kuo
- Department of Business Administration, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua City, Taiwan
| | - Thao Phuong Mai
- Department of Business Administration, Minghsin University of Science and Technology, Xinfeng, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Kaklauskas A, Abraham A, Ubarte I, Kliukas R, Luksaite V, Binkyte-Veliene A, Vetloviene I, Kaklauskiene L. A Review of AI Cloud and Edge Sensors, Methods, and Applications for the Recognition of Emotional, Affective and Physiological States. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:7824. [PMID: 36298176 PMCID: PMC9611164 DOI: 10.3390/s22207824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Affective, emotional, and physiological states (AFFECT) detection and recognition by capturing human signals is a fast-growing area, which has been applied across numerous domains. The research aim is to review publications on how techniques that use brain and biometric sensors can be used for AFFECT recognition, consolidate the findings, provide a rationale for the current methods, compare the effectiveness of existing methods, and quantify how likely they are to address the issues/challenges in the field. In efforts to achieve the key goals of Society 5.0, Industry 5.0, and human-centered design better, the recognition of emotional, affective, and physiological states is progressively becoming an important matter and offers tremendous growth of knowledge and progress in these and other related fields. In this research, a review of AFFECT recognition brain and biometric sensors, methods, and applications was performed, based on Plutchik's wheel of emotions. Due to the immense variety of existing sensors and sensing systems, this study aimed to provide an analysis of the available sensors that can be used to define human AFFECT, and to classify them based on the type of sensing area and their efficiency in real implementations. Based on statistical and multiple criteria analysis across 169 nations, our outcomes introduce a connection between a nation's success, its number of Web of Science articles published, and its frequency of citation on AFFECT recognition. The principal conclusions present how this research contributes to the big picture in the field under analysis and explore forthcoming study trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturas Kaklauskas
- Department of Construction Management and Real Estate, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Sauletekio Ave. 11, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ajith Abraham
- Machine Intelligence Research Labs, Scientific Network for Innovation and Research Excellence, Auburn, WA 98071, USA
| | - Ieva Ubarte
- Institute of Sustainable Construction, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Sauletekio Ave. 11, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Romualdas Kliukas
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Sauletekio Ave. 11, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vaida Luksaite
- Department of Construction Management and Real Estate, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Sauletekio Ave. 11, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arune Binkyte-Veliene
- Institute of Sustainable Construction, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Sauletekio Ave. 11, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ingrida Vetloviene
- Department of Construction Management and Real Estate, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Sauletekio Ave. 11, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Loreta Kaklauskiene
- Department of Construction Management and Real Estate, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Sauletekio Ave. 11, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
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Mitsiou M, Dimitros E, Roumeliotis S, Liakopoulos V, Kouidi E, Deligiannis A. Effects of a Combined Intradialytic Exercise Training Program and Music on Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Activity in Hemodialysis Patients. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12081276. [PMID: 36013455 PMCID: PMC9410492 DOI: 10.3390/life12081276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effect of an intradialytic exercise program in combination with music on heart rate variability (HRV) indices and functional capacity in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD). Methods: Forty HD patients were randomized to four training groups for six months: the combined music and exercise group (Group A), the exercise group (Group B), the music group (Group C), and the control group (Group D). At baseline and after 6 months, all participants underwent both short- (for 30 min) and long- (for 24 h) term measurements of HRV and functional capacity assessment with a 6 min walking test (6MWT). Patients of groups A and C listened to preferred music. Results: Long-term HRV analysis showed that standard deviation of all normal-to-normal RR intervals (SDNN) and the square root of the mean squared differences of successive RR intervals (rMSSD) were significantly higher at the end of the study in groups A (by 13.2% and 47.3%), B (by 15.1% and 50%), and C (by 9.0% and 30.1%), compared to group D (p < 0.05). Values of rMSSD and percentage of RR intervals differing by more than 50 ms from the preceding RR interval (pNN50) were elevated in groups A (by 35.6% and 142.9%), B (by 36.1% and 75%), and C (by 15.2% and 28.6%), compared to baseline measurements (p < 0.05). Also, pNN50 was increased in group A compared to groups B (by 21.4%), C (by 88.9%), and D (by 142.9%) (p < 0.05). Similar results were noted by short-term HRV analysis. Functional capacity was improved at the end of the 6-month study in groups A (by 20.3% and 25.7%) and B (by 15.8% and 21.1%) compared to groups C and D (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Intradialytic exercise combined with music-listening can improve the functional capacity and cardiac autonomic nervous system activity in hemodialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mitsiou
- Laboratory of Sports Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Dimitros
- Laboratory of Sports Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stefanos Roumeliotis
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, 1st Department of Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-231-099-4694
| | - Vassilios Liakopoulos
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, 1st Department of Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelia Kouidi
- Laboratory of Sports Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Asterios Deligiannis
- Laboratory of Sports Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Di Cesare M, Tonacci A, Bondi D, Verratti V, Prete G, Malatesta G, Pietrangelo T. Neurovegetative and Emotional Modulation Induced by Mozart's Music. Neuropsychobiology 2022; 81:322-332. [PMID: 35753309 DOI: 10.1159/000525360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since decades, the "Mozart effect" has been studied. However, the diverse effects of Mozart's music components have not been yet defined. Authors aimed to identify a differential response to short-term exposure to Mozart's music, or to its rhythmic signature only, on subjective and objective measures. METHODS The Mozart Sonata in A major K 331 (Mozart), the same piece consisting only of beat (Destructured), and duration-matched silence were administered to 25 healthy young adults, stood supine in a relaxing setting. The Italian Mood Scale questionnaire was administered before and after each listening. Heart rate variability (HRV) metrics were calculated from ECG recording, and breath flow was registered during experiments. RESULTS After Destructured, there was no change of fatigue and tension. After Mozart, fatigue was significantly reduced (and a tendency appeared for tension), whereas vigor was not. Breathing rate tended to be higher during Mozart. The nonlinear parameter HFD of HRV analysis, even though not significantly, was slightly lower during Destructured; Poincaré plots SD1 and SD2 tended to be lower during Mozart. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Mozart's music may allow to maintain arousal during relaxing condition. Psychological response of music and physiological dynamics were not necessarily entangled. Musical pieces based on individual physiological signature may lead musical psychological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Di Cesare
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti- Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessandro Tonacci
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of Italy, Pisa, Italy
| | - Danilo Bondi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti- Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Vittore Verratti
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giulia Prete
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Gianluca Malatesta
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Tiziana Pietrangelo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti- Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Manzoni D, Catrambone V, Valenza G. Causal Symbolic Information Transfer for the Assessment of functional Brain-Heart Interplay through EEG Microstates Occurrences: a proof-of-concept study. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2022; 2022:255-258. [PMID: 36086149 DOI: 10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electroencephalography (EEG) microstates analysis provides a sequence of topographies representing the scalp-related electric field over time, and each microstate is synthetically represented by a symbol. Despite recent advances on functional brain-heart interplay (BHI) assessment, to our knowledge no methodology takes EEG microstates into account to relate the causal heartbeat dynamics. Moreover, standard BHI methods are tailored to a single EEG-channel analysis, neglecting the comprehensive information associated with a multichannel cluster or a whole-brain activity. To overcome these limitations, we devised a novel methodological frame-work for the assessment of functional BHI that exploits the symbolic representation of both EEG microstates and heart rate variability (HRV) series. Directional BHI quantification is then performed through Kullback-Leibler Divergence (KLD) and Transfer Entropy. The proposed methodology is here preliminarily tested on a dataset gathered from healthy subjects undergoing a resting state and a mental arithmetic task. Except for the KLD in the from-brain-to-heart direction, all other estimates showed significant differences between the two experimental conditions. We conclude that the proposed frame-work may promisingly provide novel insights on brain-heart phenomena through a whole-brain symbolic representation.
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Ishaque S, Khan N, Krishnan S. Trends in Heart-Rate Variability Signal Analysis. Front Digit Health 2021; 3:639444. [PMID: 34713110 PMCID: PMC8522021 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2021.639444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) is the rate of variability between each heartbeat with respect to time. It is used to analyse the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS), a control system used to modulate the body's unconscious action such as cardiac function, respiration, digestion, blood pressure, urination, and dilation/constriction of the pupil. This review article presents a summary and analysis of various research works that analyzed HRV associated with morbidity, pain, drowsiness, stress and exercise through signal processing and machine learning methods. The points of emphasis with regards to HRV research as well as the gaps associated with processes which can be improved to enhance the quality of the research have been discussed meticulously. Restricting the physiological signals to Electrocardiogram (ECG), Electrodermal activity (EDA), photoplethysmography (PPG), and respiration (RESP) analysis resulted in 25 articles which examined the cause and effect of increased/reduced HRV. Reduced HRV was generally associated with increased morbidity and stress. High HRV normally indicated good health, and in some instances, it could signify clinical events of interest such as drowsiness. Effective analysis of HRV during ambulatory and motion situations such as exercise, video gaming, and driving could have a significant impact toward improving social well-being. Detection of HRV in motion is far from perfect, situations involving exercise or driving reported accuracy as high as 85% and as low as 59%. HRV detection in motion can be improved further by harnessing the advancements in machine learning techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syem Ishaque
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Naimul Khan
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sri Krishnan
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Gao J, Skouras S, Leung HK, Wu BWY, Wu H, Chang C, Sik HH. Repetitive Religious Chanting Invokes Positive Emotional Schema to Counterbalance Fear: A Multi-Modal Functional and Structural MRI Study. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:548856. [PMID: 33328917 PMCID: PMC7732428 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.548856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction During hard times, religious chanting/praying is widely practiced to cope with negative or stressful emotions. While the underlying neural mechanism has not been investigated to a sufficient extent. A previous event-related potential study showed that religious chanting could significantly diminish the late-positive potential induced by negative stimuli. However, the regulatory role of subcortical brain regions, especially the amygdala, in this process remains unclear. This multi-modal MRI study aimed to further clarify the neural mechanism underlying the effectiveness of religious chanting for emotion regulation. Methodology Twenty-one participants were recruited for a multi-modal MRI study. Their age range was 40–52 years, 11 were female and all participants had at least 1 year of experience in religious chanting. The participants were asked to view neutral/fearful pictures while practicing religious chanting (i.e., chanting the name of Buddha Amitābha), non-religious chanting (i.e., chanting the name of Santa Claus), or no chanting. A 3.0 T Philips MRI scanner was used to collect the data and SPM12 was used to analyze the imaging data. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used to explore the potential hemispheric asymmetries in practitioners. Results Compared to non-religious chanting and no chanting, higher brain activity was observed in several brain regions when participants performed religious chanting while viewing fearful images. These brain regions included the fusiform gyrus, left parietal lobule, and prefrontal cortex, as well as subcortical regions such as the amygdala, thalamus, and midbrain. Importantly, significantly more activity was observed in the left than in the right amygdala during religious chanting. VBM showed hemispheric asymmetries, mainly in the thalamus, putamen, hippocampus, amygdala, and cerebellum; areas related to skill learning and biased memory formation. Conclusion This preliminary study showed that repetitive religious chanting may induce strong brain activity, especially in response to stimuli with negative valence. Practicing religious chanting may structurally lateralize a network of brain areas involved in biased memory formation. These functional and structural results suggest that religious chanting helps to form a positive schema to counterbalance negative emotions. Future randomized control studies are necessary to confirm the neural mechanism related to religious chanting in coping with stress and negative emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Gao
- Buddhism and Science Research Lab, Centre of Buddhist Studies, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Stavros Skouras
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hang Kin Leung
- Buddhism and Science Research Lab, Centre of Buddhist Studies, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Bonnie Wai Yan Wu
- Buddhism and Science Research Lab, Centre of Buddhist Studies, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Huijun Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunqi Chang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hin Hung Sik
- Buddhism and Science Research Lab, Centre of Buddhist Studies, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Mori K, Iwanaga M. Being emotionally moved is associated with phasic physiological calming during tonic physiological arousal from pleasant tears. Int J Psychophysiol 2020; 159:47-59. [PMID: 33278465 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The experience of being emotionally "moved" is considered a valuable emotional experience. Although pleasant chills (goosebumps and shivers) and tears (weeping and a lump in the throat) are commonly associated with the experience of being emotionally moved, no previous studies have examined which of these psychophysiological responses is the most intrinsic to the phenomenon of being moved. We conducted two music listening experiments to examine this question. Both experiments revealed that, when chills and tears were reliably separated, chills evoked phasic increases in electrodermal activity, whereas tears induced phasic decreases in heart and respiration rate during tonic physiological arousal. Importantly, whereas tears predicted the experience of being moved, experiencing chills did not. Furthermore, psychoacoustic features of music did not explain the physiological response of chills and tears. The results demonstrated that the experience of being moved involved a sense of pleasure coupled with psychophysiological relief from tension. Based on extended attachment theory, the sequential process of physiological arousal to physiological calming, which is derived from abstract life-guiding ideas via the combination of sound and lyrics, may be important for evoking the experience of being emotionally moved. These psychophysiological characteristics could explain why people seek to be moved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Mori
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Japan; Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Japan.
| | - Makoto Iwanaga
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
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Peck K, Russo F, Campos JL, Keshavarz B. Examining potential effects of arousal, valence, and likability of music on visually induced motion sickness. Exp Brain Res 2020; 238:2347-2358. [PMID: 32757060 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-020-05871-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated how valence, arousal, and subjective liking of music affect visually induced motion sickness (VIMS). VIMS is a common side effect when interacting with virtual environments, resulting in discomfort, dizziness, and/or nausea. Music has previously been shown to reduce VIMS, but the precise nature of this effect remains unknown. Eighty participants watched a video of a bicycle ride filmed from a first-person perspective. First, participants (n = 40) were randomly assigned to one of four groups that listened to pre-selected, classical music excerpts varying in valence and arousal (happy, peaceful, agitated, sad) while watching the video. Second, the level of subjective liking of music was maximized by asking participants to select their favourite music (n = 20), which was then played during the video. A control group (n = 20) watched the video without music. VIMS was measured using the Fast Motion Sickness Scale (FMS) and the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ). No effects of valence or arousal on VIMS symptoms were found. Instead, we found that VIMS was significantly reduced when music liking was maximized: Participants who listened to their favourite music reported less VIMS compared to those who did not listen to music at all or to pre-selected music that they liked less. Music that is highly liked can, under certain circumstances, successfully reduce VIMS. These effects appear to be independent of the valence and arousal characteristics of the music.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katlyn Peck
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- KITE-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, 550 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2A2, Canada
| | - Frank Russo
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- KITE-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, 550 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2A2, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Campos
- KITE-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, 550 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2A2, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Behrang Keshavarz
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- KITE-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, 550 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2A2, Canada.
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13
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Ruiz-Blais S, Orini M, Chew E. Heart Rate Variability Synchronizes When Non-experts Vocalize Together. Front Physiol 2020; 11:762. [PMID: 33013429 PMCID: PMC7506073 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Singing and chanting are ubiquitous across World cultures. It has been theorized that such practices are an adaptive advantage for humans because they facilitate bonding and cohesion between group members. Investigations into the effects of singing together have so far focused on the physiological effects, such as the synchronization of heart rate variability (HRV), of experienced choir singers. Here, we study whether HRV synchronizes for pairs of non-experts in different vocalizing conditions. Using time-frequency coherence (TFC) analysis, we find that HRV becomes more coupled when people make long (> 10 s) sounds synchronously compared to short sounds (< 1 s) and baseline measurements (p < 0.01). Furthermore, we find that, although most of the effect can be attributed to respiratory sinus arrhythmia, some HRV synchronization persists when the effect of respiration is removed: long notes show higher partial TFC than baseline and breathing (p < 0.05). In addition, we observe that, for most dyads, the frequency of the vocalization onsets matches that of the peaks in the TFC spectra, even though these frequencies are above the typical range of 0.04–0.4 Hz. A clear correspondence between high HRV coupling and the subjective experience of “togetherness" was not found. These results suggest that since autonomic physiological entrainment is observed for non-expert singing, it may be exploited as part of interventions in music therapy or social prescription programs for the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ruiz-Blais
- School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Sebastian Ruiz-Blais
| | - Michele Orini
- Department of Clinical Science, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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14
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Merrill J, Omigie D, Wald-Fuhrmann M. Locus of emotion influences psychophysiological reactions to music. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237641. [PMID: 32841260 PMCID: PMC7447055 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now widely accepted that the perception of emotional expression in music can be vastly different from the feelings evoked by it. However, less understood is how the locus of emotion affects the experience of music, that is how the act of perceiving the emotion in music compares with the act of assessing the emotion induced in the listener by the music. In the current study, we compared these two emotion loci based on the psychophysiological response of 40 participants listening to 32 musical excerpts taken from movie soundtracks. Facial electromyography, skin conductance, respiration and heart rate were continuously measured while participants were required to assess either the emotion expressed by, or the emotion they felt in response to the music. Using linear mixed effects models, we found a higher mean response in psychophysiological measures for the “perceived” than the “felt” task. This result suggested that the focus on one’s self distracts from the music, leading to weaker bodily reactions during the “felt” task. In contrast, paying attention to the expression of the music and consequently to changes in timbre, loudness and harmonic progression enhances bodily reactions. This study has methodological implications for emotion induction research using psychophysiology and the conceptualization of emotion loci. Firstly, different tasks can elicit different psychophysiological responses to the same stimulus and secondly, both tasks elicit bodily responses to music. The latter finding questions the possibility of a listener taking on a purely cognitive mode when evaluating emotion expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Merrill
- Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Music, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Diana Omigie
- Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Goldsmiths University of London, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Nardelli M, Valenza G, Greco A, Lanatá A, Scilingo EP, Bailón R. Quantifying the lagged Poincaré plot geometry of ultrashort heart rate variability series: automatic recognition of odor hedonic tone. Med Biol Eng Comput 2020; 58:1099-1112. [PMID: 32162243 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-019-02095-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The application of Poincaré plot analysis to characterize inter-beat interval dynamics has been successfully proposed in the scientific literature for the assessment of humans' physiological states and related aberrations. In this study, we proposed novel descriptors to trace the evolution of Poincaré plot shape over the lags. Their reliability in ultra-short cardiovascular series analysis was validated on synthetic inter-beat series generated through a physiologically plausible integral pulse frequency modulation model. Furthermore, we used the proposed approach for the investigation of the direct relationship between autonomic nervous system (ANS) dynamics and hedonic olfactory elicitation, in a group of 30 healthy subjects. Participants with a similar olfactory threshold were selected, and were asked to score 5-s stimuli in terms of arousal and valence levels according to the Russell's circumflex model of affect. Their ANS response was investigated in 35-s windows after the elicitation. Experimental results showed a gender-specific, high discriminant power of the proposed approach, discerning between pleasant and unpleasant odorants with an accuracy of 83.33% and 73.33% for men and for women, respectively. Graphical Abstract Olfaction plays a crucial role in our life and is strictly related to the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) activity, which can be monitored studying Heart Rate Variability. We used the Lagged Poincare Plot approach to recognize gender-specific ANS response in 35-second windows after the elicitation through pleasant/unpleasant odorants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nardelli
- Department of Information Engineering, Research Centre E. Piaggio, University of Pisa, Via G. Caruso 16, Pisa, Italy.
| | - G Valenza
- Department of Information Engineering, Research Centre E. Piaggio, University of Pisa, Via G. Caruso 16, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Greco
- Department of Information Engineering, Research Centre E. Piaggio, University of Pisa, Via G. Caruso 16, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Lanatá
- Department of Information Engineering, Research Centre E. Piaggio, University of Pisa, Via G. Caruso 16, Pisa, Italy
| | - E P Scilingo
- Department of Information Engineering, Research Centre E. Piaggio, University of Pisa, Via G. Caruso 16, Pisa, Italy
| | - R Bailón
- BSICoS Group, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), IIS Aragón, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,CIBER of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER - BBN), Madrid, Spain
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16
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Siddharth S, Trivedi MM. On Assessing Driver Awareness of Situational Criticalities: Multi-modal Bio-Sensing and Vision-Based Analysis, Evaluations, and Insights. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E46. [PMID: 31952156 PMCID: PMC7016967 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Automobiles for our roadways are increasingly using advanced driver assistance systems. The adoption of such new technologies requires us to develop novel perception systems not only for accurately understanding the situational context of these vehicles, but also to infer the driver's awareness in differentiating between safe and critical situations. This manuscript focuses on the specific problem of inferring driver awareness in the context of attention analysis and hazardous incident activity. Even after the development of wearable and compact multi-modal bio-sensing systems in recent years, their application in driver awareness context has been scarcely explored. The capability of simultaneously recording different kinds of bio-sensing data in addition to traditionally employed computer vision systems provides exciting opportunities to explore the limitations of these sensor modalities. In this work, we explore the applications of three different bio-sensing modalities namely electroencephalogram (EEG), photoplethysmogram (PPG) and galvanic skin response (GSR) along with a camera-based vision system in driver awareness context. We assess the information from these sensors independently and together using both signal processing- and deep learning-based tools. We show that our methods outperform previously reported studies to classify driver attention and detecting hazardous/non-hazardous situations for short time scales of two seconds. We use EEG and vision data for high resolution temporal classification (two seconds) while additionally also employing PPG and GSR over longer time periods. We evaluate our methods by collecting user data on twelve subjects for two real-world driving datasets among which one is publicly available (KITTI dataset) while the other was collected by us (LISA dataset) with the vehicle being driven in an autonomous mode. This work presents an exhaustive evaluation of multiple sensor modalities on two different datasets for attention monitoring and hazardous events classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Siddharth
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mohan M Trivedi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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17
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Orini M, Al-Amodi F, Koelsch S, Bailón R. The Effect of Emotional Valence on Ventricular Repolarization Dynamics Is Mediated by Heart Rate Variability: A Study of QT Variability and Music-Induced Emotions. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1465. [PMID: 31849711 PMCID: PMC6895139 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emotions can affect cardiac activity, but their impact on ventricular repolarization variability, an important parameter providing information about cardiac risk and autonomic nervous system activity, is unknown. The beat-to-beat variability of the QT interval (QTV) from the body surface ECG is a non-invasive marker of repolarization variability, which can be decomposed into QTV related to RR variability (QTVrRRV) and QTV unrelated to RRV (QTVuRRV), with the latter thought to be a marker of intrinsic repolarization variability. Aim To determine the effect of emotional valence (pleasant and unpleasant) on repolarization variability in healthy volunteers by means of QTV analysis. Methods 75 individuals (24.5 ± 3.2 years, 36 females) without a history of cardiovascular disease listened to music-excerpts that were either felt as pleasant (n = 6) or unpleasant (n = 6). Excerpts lasted about 90 s and were presented in a random order along with silent intervals (n = 6). QTV and RRV were derived from the ECG and the time-frequency spectrum of RRV, QTV, QTVuRRV and QTVrRRV as well as time-frequency coherence between QTV and RRV were estimated. Analysis was performed in low-frequency (LF), high frequency (HF) and total spectral bands. Results The heart rate-corrected QTV showed a small but significant increase from silence (median 347/interquartile range 31 ms) to listening to music felt as unpleasant (351/30 ms) and pleasant (355/32 ms). The dynamic response of QTV to emotional valence showed a transient phase lasting about 20 s after the onset of each musical excerpt. QTV and RRV were highly correlated in both HF and LF (mean coherence ranging 0.76–0.85). QTV and QTVrRRV decreased during listening to music felt as pleasant and unpleasant with respect to silence and further decreased during listening to music felt as pleasant. QTVuRRV was small and not affected by emotional valence. Conclusion Emotional valence, as evoked by music, has a small but significant effect on QTV and QTVrRRV, but not on QTVuRRV. This suggests that the interaction between emotional valence and ventricular repolarization variability is mediated by cycle length dynamics and not due to intrinsic repolarization variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Orini
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Faez Al-Amodi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Koelsch
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Raquel Bailón
- Aragon Institute for Engineering Research, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research in the Network in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
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18
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Jung TP, Sejnowski TJ. Multi-modal Approach for Affective Computing. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2018; 2018:291-294. [PMID: 30440395 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2018.8512320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Throughout the past decade, many studies have classified human emotions using only a single sensing modality such as face video, electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG), galvanic skin response (GSR), etc. The results of these studies are constrained by the limitations of these modalities such as the absence of physiological biomarkers in the face-video analysis, poor spatial resolution in EEG, poor temporal resolution of the GSR etc. Scant research has been conducted to compare the merits of these modalities and understand how to best use them individually and jointly. Using multi-modal AMIGOS dataset, this study compares the performance of human emotion classification using multiple computational approaches applied to face videos and various bio-sensing modalities. Using a novel method for compensating physiological baseline we show an increase in the classification accuracy of various approaches that we use. Finally, we present a multi-modal emotion-classification approach in the domain of affective computing research.
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19
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VETERNIK M, TONHAJZEROVA I, MISEK J, JAKUSOVA V, HUDECKOVA H, JAKUS J. The Impact of Sound Exposure on Heart Rate Variability in Adolescent Students. Physiol Res 2018; 67:695-702. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies of physiological responses to music and noise showed the effect on the autonomic nervous system. The heart rate variability (HRV) has been used to assess the activation of the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous systems. The present study was aimed to examine HRV with exposure to four sine-wave pure tones (20 Hz, 50 Hz, 2 kHz and 15 kHz) in an environment where the sound intensity exceeded level 65 dB (A-weighted). The participants (20 adolescent girls) were lying in supine position during exposure protocol divided into 6 periods, the first time with generated sounds and the second time without sounds. In the protocol without sound exposure, the low frequency band of the HRV spectrum was increased compared to the basal state before examination (period_1: 6.05±0.29 ms2 compared to period_5: 6.56±0.20 ms2, p<0.05). The significant increase of root Mean Square of the Successive Differences (rMSSD, period_1: 4.09±0.16 s compared to period_6: 4.33±0.12 s, p<0.05) and prolongation of R to R peak (RR) interval (period_1: 889±30 ms compared to period_5: 973±30 ms, p<0.001) were observed in the protocol without sound exposure comparing to the protocol with sound exposure where only bradycardia was observed. Contrary to rather polemical data in literature our pilot study suggests that sounds (under given frequencies) have no impact on the heart rate variability and cardiac autonomic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - J. JAKUS
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
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20
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Idrobo-Ávila EH, Loaiza-Correa H, van Noorden L, Muñoz-Bolaños FG, Vargas-Cañas R. Different Types of Sounds and Their Relationship With the Electrocardiographic Signals and the Cardiovascular System - Review. Front Physiol 2018; 9:525. [PMID: 29872400 PMCID: PMC5972278 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: For some time now, the effects of sound, noise, and music on the human body have been studied. However, despite research done through time, it is still not completely clear what influence, interaction, and effects sounds have on human body. That is why it is necessary to conduct new research on this topic. Thus, in this paper, a systematic review is undertaken in order to integrate research related to several types of sound, both pleasant and unpleasant, specifically noise and music. In addition, it includes as much research as possible to give stakeholders a more general vision about relevant elements regarding methodologies, study subjects, stimulus, analysis, and experimental designs in general. This study has been conducted in order to make a genuine contribution to this area and to perhaps to raise the quality of future research about sound and its effects over ECG signals. Methods: This review was carried out by independent researchers, through three search equations, in four different databases, including: engineering, medicine, and psychology. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied and studies published between 1999 and 2017 were considered. The selected documents were read and analyzed independently by each group of researchers and subsequently conclusions were established between all of them. Results: Despite the differences between the outcomes of selected studies, some common factors were found among them. Thus, in noise studies where both BP and HR increased or tended to increase, it was noted that HRV (HF and LF/HF) changes with both sound and noise stimuli, whereas GSR changes with sound and musical stimuli. Furthermore, LF also showed changes with exposure to noise. Conclusion: In many cases, samples displayed a limitation in experimental design, and in diverse studies, there was a lack of a control group. There was a lot of variability in the presented stimuli providing a wide overview of the effects they could produce in humans. In the listening sessions, there were numerous examples of good practice in experimental design, such as the use of headphones and comfortable positions for study subjects, while the listening sessions lasted 20 min in most of the studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ennio H. Idrobo-Ávila
- Percepción y Sistemas Inteligentes, Escuela de Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Humberto Loaiza-Correa
- Percepción y Sistemas Inteligentes, Escuela de Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Leon van Noorden
- Institute of Psychoacoustics and Electronic Music for Systematic Musicology, Department of Art, Music and Theatre Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Flavio G. Muñoz-Bolaños
- Ciencias Fisiológicas Experimentales, Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia
| | - Rubiel Vargas-Cañas
- Sistemas Dinámicos de Instrumentación y Control, Departamento de Física, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia
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21
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The joy of heartfelt music: An examination of emotional and physiological responses. Int J Psychophysiol 2017; 120:118-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Methodological framework for heart rate variability analysis during exercise: application to running and cycling stress testing. Med Biol Eng Comput 2017; 56:781-794. [DOI: 10.1007/s11517-017-1724-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Orini M, Tinker A, Munroe PB, Lambiase PD. Long-term intra-individual reproducibility of heart rate dynamics during exercise and recovery in the UK Biobank cohort. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183732. [PMID: 28873397 PMCID: PMC5584807 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The heart rate (HR) response to exercise provides useful information about the autonomic function and has prognostic value, but its reproducibility over a long period of time, a critical requirement for using it as a clinical biomarker, is undetermined. Aim To determine the intra-individual reproducibility of HR dynamics during sub-maximum exercise and one minute recovery. Methods 1187 individuals from the Cardio physical fitness assessment test of the UK Biobank repeated a standard exercise stress test twice (recall time 34.2 ± 2.8 months) and were prospectively studied. Results 821 individuals complied with inclusion criteria for reproducibility analysis, including peak workload differences between assessments ≤10 W. Intra-individual correlation between HR profile during the first and the second assessment was very high and higher than inter-individual correlation (0.92±0.08 vs 0.87±0.11, p<0.01). Intra-individual correlation of indices describing HR dynamics was: ρ = 0.81 for maximum HR during exercise; ρ = 0.71 for minimum HR during recovery; ρ = 0.70 for HR changes during both exercise and recovery; Intra-individual correlation was higher for these indices of HR dynamics than for resting HR (ρ = 0.64). Bland-Altman plots demonstrated good agreement between HR indices estimated during the first and second assessment. A small but consistent bias was registered for all repeated measurements. The intra-individual consistency of abnormal values was about 60–70%. Conclusions The HR dynamics during exercise and recovery are reproducible over a period of 3 years, with moderate to strong intra-individual reproducibility of abnormal values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Orini
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Andrew Tinker
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia B. Munroe
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pier D. Lambiase
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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24
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Abedi B, Abbasi A, Goshvarpour A, Khosroshai HT, Javanshir E. The effect of traditional Persian music on the cardiac functioning of young Iranian women. Indian Heart J 2017; 69:491-498. [PMID: 28822517 PMCID: PMC5560876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, several studies have reported the physiological effects of listening to music. The physiological effects of different music types on different people are not similar. Therefore, in the present study, we have sought to examine the effects of traditional Persian music on the cardiac function in young women. Twenty-two healthy females participated in this study. ECG signals were recorded in two conditions: rest and music. For each of the 21 ECG signals (15 morphological and six wavelet based feature) features were extracted. SVM classifier was used for the classification of ECG signals during and before the music. The results showed that the mean of heart rate, the mean amplitude of R-wave, T-wave, and P-wave decreased in response to music. Time-frequency analysis revealed that the mean of the absolute values of the detail coefficients at higher scales increased during rest. The overall accuracy of 91.6% was achieved using polynomial kernel and RBF kernel. Using linear kernel, the best result (with the accuracy rate of 100%) was attained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Abedi
- School of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ataollah Abbasi
- Computational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Atefeh Goshvarpour
- Computational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Tayebi Khosroshai
- Division of Internal Medicine, Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elnaz Javanshir
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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25
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Musical Auditory Stimulation Influences Heart Rate Autonomic Responses to Endodontic Treatment. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:4847869. [PMID: 28182118 PMCID: PMC5274691 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4847869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the acute effect of musical auditory stimulation on heart rate autonomic regulation during endodontic treatment. The study included 50 subjects from either gender between 18 and 40 years old, diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis or pulp necrosis of the upper front teeth and endodontic treatment indication. HRV was recorded 10 minutes before (T1), during (T2), and immediately (T3 and T4) after endodontic treatment. The volunteers were randomly divided into two equal groups: exposed to music (during T2, T3, and T4) or not. We found no difference regarding salivary cortisol and anxiety score. In the group with musical stimulation heart rate decreased in T3 compared to T1 and mean RR interval increased in T2 and T3 compared to T1. SDNN and TINN indices decreased in T3 compared to T4, the RMSSD and SD1 increased in T4 compared to T1, the SD2 increased compared to T3, and LF (low frequency band) increased in T4 compared to T1 and T3. In the control group, only RMSSD and SD1 increased in T3 compared to T1. Musical auditory stimulation enhanced heart rate autonomic modulation during endodontic treatment.
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Arza A, Garzón JM, Hemando A, Aguiló J, Bailon R. Towards an objective measurement of emotional stress: Preliminary analysis based on heart rate variability. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2016; 2015:3331-4. [PMID: 26737005 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2015.7319105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a study performed in 25 young healthy subjects measuring the evolution of heart rate variability (HRV) indices during emotional stress. Acute emotional stress was generated with a modified version of Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). The TSST comprises several tasks which include a memory test, anticipation of stress, public exposition, and an arithmetic task. Each task has different demanding conditions, carrying subjects' emotional stress to different states. An autogenic relaxation was done before TSST. Significant differences in HRV indices were observed in the arithmetic and memory task with respect to the relaxation stage. In particular during the arithmetic task, mean heart rate increased 22% (p-value <0.00001) the power in the very low frequency band increased 47% (p-value <0.00001 and normalized power in the low frequency (LF) band increased 19% (p-value <0.04). These results support a sympathetic activation during these tasks.
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Vila Blanco N, Rodríguez-Liñares L, Cuesta P, Lado MJ, Méndez AJ, Vila XA. gVARVI: A graphical software tool for the acquisition of the heart rate in response to external stimuli. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2016; 132:197-205. [PMID: 27282239 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE At present, tools capable of acquiring heart rate data can be found both in commercial and research fields. However, these tools do not allow users to manage experiments comprising sequences of activities or to store the information needed to perform heart rate variability analysis across different activities. One exception is VARVI, a simple software tool developed previously in our research group that does not have a graphical user interface and it works only with visual stimuli. In this paper, we present gVARVI, a software tool aimed at obtaining heart rate data signals while the user is either receiving a sequence of external stimuli or performing a sequence of actions (an activity). METHODS gVARVI is an open source application developed in Python programming language. It can acquire heart rate data by means of a wireless chest strap using either Bluetooth or ANT+ protocols. Users can define activities of different types (video, sounds, pictures or keyboard controlled actions) which will associate contextual information to the heart rate data. gVARVI allows users to preview this data or to store it to be used for heart rate variability studies. Our tool was validated by 15 researchers, who worked with the application and filled in a usability questionnaire. RESULTS The outcome of the usability test was satisfactory, giving a mean score of 4.75 in a 1-5 scale (1 - strongly disagree, 5 - strongly agree). Participants also contributed with valuable comments, which we used to include new features in the last version of our tool. CONCLUSIONS gVARVI is an open source tool that offers new possibilities to both physicians and clinicians to perform heart rate variability studies. It allows users to acquire heart rate data including information on the activity performed by subjects while recording. In this paper, we describe all the functionalities included in gVARVI, and a complete example of use is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Vila Blanco
- Departamento de Informática, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | | | - P Cuesta
- Departamento de Informática, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - M J Lado
- Departamento de Informática, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - A J Méndez
- Departamento de Informática, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - X A Vila
- Departamento de Informática, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain.
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Jia T, Ogawa Y, Miura M, Ito O, Kohzuki M. Music Attenuated a Decrease in Parasympathetic Nervous System Activity after Exercise. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148648. [PMID: 26840532 PMCID: PMC4739605 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Music and exercise can both affect autonomic nervous system activity. However, the effects of the combination of music and exercise on autonomic activity are poorly understood. Additionally, it remains unknown whether music affects post-exercise orthostatic tolerance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of music on autonomic nervous system activity in orthostatic tolerance after exercise. Twenty-six healthy graduate students participated in four sessions in a random order on four separate days: a sedentary session, a music session, a bicycling session, and a bicycling with music session. Participants were asked to listen to their favorite music and to exercise on a cycle ergometer. We evaluated autonomic nervous system activity before and after each session using frequency analysis of heart rate variability. High frequency power, an index of parasympathetic nervous system activity, was significantly increased in the music session. Heart rate was increased, and high frequency power was decreased, in the bicycling session. There was no significant difference in high frequency power before and after the bicycling with music session, although heart rate was significantly increased. Additionally, both music and exercise did not significantly affect heart rate, systolic blood pressure or also heart rate variability indices in the orthostatic test. These data suggest that music increased parasympathetic activity and attenuated the exercise-induced decrease in parasympathetic activity without altering the orthostatic tolerance after exercise. Therefore, music may be an effective approach for improving post-exercise parasympathetic reactivation, resulting in a faster recovery and a reduction in cardiac stress after exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Jia
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Ogawa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Misa Miura
- Course of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, National University Corporation Tsukuba University of Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Osamu Ito
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kohzuki
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Riganello F, Cortese MD, Arcuri F, Quintieri M, Dolce G. How Can Music Influence the Autonomic Nervous System Response in Patients with Severe Disorder of Consciousness? Front Neurosci 2015; 9:461. [PMID: 26696818 PMCID: PMC4674557 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activations to pleasant and unpleasant musical stimuli were observed within an extensive neuronal network and different brain structures, as well as in the processing of the syntactic and semantic aspects of the music. Previous studies evidenced a correlation between autonomic activity and emotion evoked by music listening in patients with Disorders of Consciousness (DoC). In this study, we analyzed retrospectively the autonomic response to musical stimuli by mean of normalized units of Low Frequency (nuLF) and Sample Entropy (SampEn) of Heart Rate Variability (HRV) parameters, and their possible correlation to the different complexity of four musical samples (i.e., Mussorgsky, Tchaikovsky, Grieg, and Boccherini) in Healthy subjects and Vegetative State/Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome (VS/UWS) patients. The complexity of musical sample was based on Formal Complexity and General Dynamics parameters defined by Imberty's semiology studies. The results showed a significant difference between the two groups for SampEn during the listening of Mussorgsky's music and for nuLF during the listening of Boccherini and Mussorgsky's music. Moreover, the VS/UWS group showed a reduction of nuLF as well as SampEn comparing music of increasing Formal Complexity and General Dynamics. These results put in evidence how the internal structure of the music can change the autonomic response in patients with DoC. Further investigations are required to better comprehend how musical stimulation can modify the autonomic response in DoC patients, in order to administer the stimuli in a more effective way.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria D Cortese
- Research in Advanced Neurorehabilitation, Istituto S. Anna Crotone, Italy
| | - Francesco Arcuri
- Research in Advanced Neurorehabilitation, Istituto S. Anna Crotone, Italy
| | - Maria Quintieri
- Research in Advanced Neurorehabilitation, Istituto S. Anna Crotone, Italy
| | - Giuliano Dolce
- Research in Advanced Neurorehabilitation, Istituto S. Anna Crotone, Italy
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Abstract
Music can powerfully evoke and modulate emotions and moods, along with changes in heart activity, blood pressure (BP), and breathing. Although there is great heterogeneity in methods and quality among previous studies on effects of music on the heart, the following findings emerge from the literature: Heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) are higher in response to exciting music compared with tranquilizing music. During musical frissons (involving shivers and piloerection), both HR and RR increase. Moreover, HR and RR tend to increase in response to music compared with silence, and HR appears to decrease in response to unpleasant music compared with pleasant music. We found no studies that would provide evidence for entrainment of HR to musical beats. Corresponding to the increase in HR, listening to exciting music (compared with tranquilizing music) is associated with a reduction of heart rate variability (HRV), including reductions of both low-frequency and high-frequency power of the HRV. Recent findings also suggest effects of music-evoked emotions on regional activity of the heart, as reflected in electrocardiogram amplitude patterns. In patients with heart disease (similar to other patient groups), music can reduce pain and anxiety, associated with lower HR and lower BP. In general, effects of music on the heart are small, and there is great inhomogeneity among studies with regard to methods, findings, and quality. Therefore, there is urgent need for systematic high-quality research on the effects of music on the heart, and on the beneficial effects of music in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Koelsch
- Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YF, UK
| | - Lutz Jäncke
- Division Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Binzmuehlestrasse 14, PO Box 25, Zürich CH-8050, Switzerland International Normal Aging and Plasticity Imaging Center (INAPIC), University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland University Research Priority Program (URPP), Dynamic of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
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31
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Smitha KG, Vinod AP. Facial emotion recognition system for autistic children: a feasible study based on FPGA implementation. Med Biol Eng Comput 2015; 53:1221-9. [PMID: 26239162 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-015-1346-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Children with autism spectrum disorder have difficulty in understanding the emotional and mental states from the facial expressions of the people they interact. The inability to understand other people's emotions will hinder their interpersonal communication. Though many facial emotion recognition algorithms have been proposed in the literature, they are mainly intended for processing by a personal computer, which limits their usability in on-the-move applications where portability is desired. The portability of the system will ensure ease of use and real-time emotion recognition and that will aid for immediate feedback while communicating with caretakers. Principal component analysis (PCA) has been identified as the least complex feature extraction algorithm to be implemented in hardware. In this paper, we present a detailed study of the implementation of serial and parallel implementation of PCA in order to identify the most feasible method for realization of a portable emotion detector for autistic children. The proposed emotion recognizer architectures are implemented on Virtex 7 XC7VX330T FFG1761-3 FPGA. We achieved 82.3% detection accuracy for a word length of 8 bits.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Smitha
- School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - A P Vinod
- School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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32
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Koelsch S. Music-evoked emotions: principles, brain correlates, and implications for therapy. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1337:193-201. [PMID: 25773635 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes principles underlying the evocation of emotion with music: evaluation, resonance, memory, expectancy/tension, imagination, understanding, and social functions. Each of these principles includes several subprinciples, and the framework on music-evoked emotions emerging from these principles and subprinciples is supposed to provide a starting point for a systematic, coherent, and comprehensive theory on music-evoked emotions that considers both reception and production of music, as well as the relevance of emotion-evoking principles for music therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Koelsch
- Languages of Emotion, Freie Universität, Berlin, Germany
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33
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Dunning BA, Martens MA, Jungers MK. Music lessons are associated with increased verbal memory in individuals with Williams syndrome. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2015; 36C:565-578. [PMID: 25462517 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Williams syndrome (WS) is a genetic disorder characterized by intellectual delay and an affinity for music. It has been previously shown that familiar music can enhance verbal memory in individuals with WS who have had music training. There is also evidence that unfamiliar, or novel, music may also improve cognitive recall. This study was designed to examine if a novel melody could also enhance verbal memory in individuals with WS, and to more fully characterize music training in this population. We presented spoken or sung sentences that described an animal and its group name to 44 individuals with WS, and then tested their immediate and delayed memory using both recall and multiple choice formats. Those with formal music training (average duration of training 4½ years) scored significantly higher on both the spoken and sung recall items, as well as on the spoken multiple choice items, than those with no music training. Music therapy, music enjoyment, age, and Verbal IQ did not impact performance on the memory tasks. These findings provide further evidence that formal music lessons may impact the neurological pathways associated with verbal memory in individuals with WS, consistent with findings in typically developing individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany A Dunning
- The Ohio State University at Newark, 1179 University Dr., Newark, OH 43055, USA.
| | - Marilee A Martens
- The Ohio State University at Newark, 1179 University Dr., Newark, OH 43055, USA; Nisonger Center, The Ohio State University, 1581 Dodd Dr., Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Melissa K Jungers
- The Ohio State University at Newark, 1179 University Dr., Newark, OH 43055, USA.
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Valenza G, Citi L, Gentili C, Lanata A, Scilingo EP, Barbieri R. Characterization of Depressive States in Bipolar Patients Using Wearable Textile Technology and Instantaneous Heart Rate Variability Assessment. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2015; 19:263-74. [DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2014.2307584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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35
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Lin LC, Ouyang CS, Chiang CT, Wu RC, Wu HC, Yang RC. Listening to Mozart K.448 decreases electroencephalography oscillatory power associated with an increase in sympathetic tone in adults: a post-intervention study. JRSM Open 2014; 5:2054270414551657. [PMID: 25383198 PMCID: PMC4221897 DOI: 10.1177/2054270414551657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Listening to Mozart K.448 has been demonstrated to improve spatial task scores, leading to what is known as the Mozart Effect. However, most of these reports only describe the phenomena but lack the scientific evidence needed to properly investigate the mechanism of Mozart Effect. In this study, we used electroencephalography (EEG) and heart rate variability (HRV) to evaluate the effects of Mozart K.448 on healthy volunteers to explore Mozart Effect. Design An EEG-based post-intervention analysis. Setting Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Participants Twenty-nine college students were enrolled. They received EEG and electrocardiogram examinations simultaneously before, during and after listening to the first movement of Mozart K.448. Main outcome measure EEG alpha, theta and beta power and HRV were compared in each stage. Results The results showed a significant decrease in alpha, theta and beta power when they listened to Mozart K.448. In addition, the average root mean square successive difference, the proportion derived by dividing NN50 by the total number of NN intervals, standard deviations of NN intervals and standard deviations of differences between adjacent NN intervals showed a significant decrease, while the high frequency revealed a significant decrease with a significantly elevated low-frequency/high-frequency ratio. Conclusion Listening to Mozart K.448 significantly decreased EEG alpha, theta and beta power and HRV. This study indicates that there is brain cortical function and sympathetic tone activation in healthy adults when listening to Mozart K.448, which may play an important role in the mechanism of Mozart Effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lung-Chang Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; Departments of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Sen Ouyang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Tai Chiang
- Department of Computer and Communication, National Pingtung Institute of Commerce, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Ching Wu
- Department of Information Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chuan Wu
- Departments of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Rei-Cheng Yang
- Departments of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; Department of Pediatrics, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
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36
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Dong S, Boashash B, Azemi G, Lingwood BE, Colditz PB. Automated detection of perinatal hypoxia using time-frequency-based heart rate variability features. Med Biol Eng Comput 2013; 52:183-91. [PMID: 24272142 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-013-1129-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal hypoxia is a cause of cerebral injury in foetuses and neonates. Detection of foetal hypoxia during labour based on the pattern recognition of heart rate signals suffers from high observer variability and low specificity. We describe a new automated hypoxia detection method using time-frequency analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) signals. This approach uses features extracted from the instantaneous frequency and instantaneous amplitude of HRV signal components as well as features based on matrix decomposition of the signals' time-frequency distributions using singular value decomposition and non-negative matrix factorization. The classification between hypoxia and non-hypoxia data is performed using a support vector machine classifier. The proposed method is tested on a dataset obtained from a newborn piglet model with a controlled hypoxic insult. The chosen HRV features show strong performance compared to conventional spectral features and other existing methods of hypoxia detection with a sensitivity 93.3 %, specificity 98.3 % and accuracy 95.8 %. The high predictive value of this approach to detecting hypoxia is a substantial step towards developing a more accurate and reliable hypoxia detection method for use in human foetal monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Dong
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia,
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37
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Bailon R, Garatachea N, de la Iglesia I, Casajus JA, Laguna P. Influence of Running Stride Frequency in Heart Rate Variability Analysis During Treadmill Exercise Testing. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2013; 60:1796-805. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2013.2242328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Bergstrom I, Seinfeld S, Arroyo-Palacios J, Slater M, Sanchez-Vives MV. Using music as a signal for biofeedback. Int J Psychophysiol 2013; 93:140-9. [PMID: 23623954 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Studies on the potential benefits of conveying biofeedback stimulus using a musical signal have appeared in recent years with the intent of harnessing the strong effects that music listening may have on subjects. While results are encouraging, the fundamental question has yet to be addressed, of how combined music and biofeedback compares to the already established use of either of these elements separately. This experiment, involving young adults (N = 24), compared the effectiveness at modulating participants' states of physiological arousal of each of the following conditions: A) listening to pre-recorded music, B) sonification biofeedback of the heart rate, and C) an algorithmically modulated musical feedback signal conveying the subject's heart rate. Our hypothesis was that each of the conditions (A), (B) and (C) would differ from the other two in the extent to which it enables participants to increase and decrease their state of physiological arousal, with (C) being more effective than (B), and both more than (A). Several physiological measures and qualitative responses were recorded and analyzed. Results show that using musical biofeedback allowed participants to modulate their state of physiological arousal at least equally well as sonification biofeedback, and much better than just listening to music, as reflected in their heart rate measurements, controlling for respiration-rate. Our findings indicate that the known effects of music in modulating arousal can therefore be beneficially harnessed when designing a biofeedback protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Bergstrom
- Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; EVENT Lab, Facultat de Psicologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sofia Seinfeld
- Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Mel Slater
- EVENT Lab, Facultat de Psicologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria V Sanchez-Vives
- Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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39
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Fifty years of publishing in biomedical engineering: reflections after 7-year editorship. Med Biol Eng Comput 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11517-012-1000-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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40
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Heart rate variability and nonlinear dynamic analysis in patients with stress-induced cardiomyopathy. Med Biol Eng Comput 2012; 50:1037-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s11517-012-0947-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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41
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Orini M, Bailón R, Mainardi L, Laguna P. Synthesis of HRV signals characterized by predetermined time-frequency structure by means of time-varying ARMA models. Biomed Signal Process Control 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2011.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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42
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Kodituwakku S, Lazar SW, Indic P, Chen Z, Brown EN, Barbieri R. Point process time-frequency analysis of dynamic respiratory patterns during meditation practice. Med Biol Eng Comput 2012; 50:261-75. [PMID: 22350435 PMCID: PMC3341131 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-012-0866-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is largely mediated by the autonomic nervous system through its modulating influence on the heart beats. We propose a robust algorithm for quantifying instantaneous RSA as applied to heart beat intervals and respiratory recordings under dynamic breathing patterns. The blood volume pressure-derived heart beat series (pulse intervals, PIs) are modeled as an inverse Gaussian point process, with the instantaneous mean PI modeled as a bivariate regression incorporating both past PIs and respiration values observed at the beats. A point process maximum likelihood algorithm is used to estimate the model parameters, and instantaneous RSA is estimated via a frequency domain transfer function evaluated at instantaneous respiratory frequency where high coherence between respiration and PIs is observed. The model is statistically validated using Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness-of-fit analysis, as well as independence tests. The algorithm is applied to subjects engaged in meditative practice, with distinctive dynamics in the respiration patterns elicited as a result. The presented analysis confirms the ability of the algorithm to track important changes in cardiorespiratory interactions elicited during meditation, otherwise not evidenced in control resting states, reporting statistically significant increase in RSA gain as measured by our paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandun Kodituwakku
- Applied Signal Processing Group, School of Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- Neuroscience Statistics Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA, , Tel.: + 61-2-612-58689
| | - Sara W Lazar
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA, , Tel.: + 1-617-724-7108
| | - Premananda Indic
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655 USA, , Tel.: + 1-617 287 6050
| | - Zhe Chen
- Neuroscience Statistics Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA, , Tel.: + 1-617-324-1882
| | - Emery N Brown
- Neuroscience Statistics Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. , Tel.: + 1-617-726-7487
| | - Riccardo Barbieri
- Neuroscience Statistics Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA, , Tel.: + 1-617-724-1061
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The Nightingale Prize 2011 for best MBEC paper in 2010. Med Biol Eng Comput 2011; 49:1353-4. [PMID: 22095317 PMCID: PMC3223592 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-011-0846-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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44
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Koelsch S. Toward a neural basis of music perception - a review and updated model. Front Psychol 2011; 2:110. [PMID: 21713060 PMCID: PMC3114071 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Music perception involves acoustic analysis, auditory memory, auditory scene analysis, processing of interval relations, of musical syntax and semantics, and activation of (pre)motor representations of actions. Moreover, music perception potentially elicits emotions, thus giving rise to the modulation of emotional effector systems such as the subjective feeling system, the autonomic nervous system, the hormonal, and the immune system. Building on a previous article (Koelsch and Siebel, 2005), this review presents an updated model of music perception and its neural correlates. The article describes processes involved in music perception, and reports EEG and fMRI studies that inform about the time course of these processes, as well as about where in the brain these processes might be located.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Koelsch
- Cluster of Excellence "Languages of Emotion", Freie Universität Berlin Berlin, Germany
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Koelsch S. Towards a neural basis of processing musical semantics. Phys Life Rev 2011; 8:89-105. [PMID: 21601541 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Processing of meaning is critical for language perception, and therefore the majority of research on meaning processing has focused on the semantic, lexical, conceptual, and propositional processing of language. However, music is another a means of communication, and meaning also emerges from the interpretation of musical information. This article provides a framework for the investigation of the processing of musical meaning, and reviews neuroscience studies investigating this issue. These studies reveal two neural correlates of meaning processing, the N400 and the N5 (which are both components of the event-related electric brain potential). Here I argue that the N400 can be elicited by musical stimuli due to the processing of extra-musical meaning, whereas the N5 can be elicited due to the processing of intra-musical meaning. Notably, whereas the N400 can be elicited by both linguistic and musical stimuli, the N5 has so far only been observed for the processing of meaning in music. Thus, knowledge about both the N400 and the N5 can advance our understanding of how the human brain processes meaning information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Koelsch
- Cluster of Excellence der Freien Universität Berlin, Languages of Emotion, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Taelman J, Vandeput S, Vlemincx E, Spaepen A, Van Huffel S. Instantaneous changes in heart rate regulation due to mental load in simulated office work. Eur J Appl Physiol 2010; 111:1497-505. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-010-1776-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Bailón R, Laouini G, Grao C, Orini M, Laguna P, Meste O. The integral pulse frequency modulation model with time-varying threshold: application to heart rate variability analysis during exercise stress testing. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2010; 58:642-52. [PMID: 21138798 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2010.2095011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, an approach for heart rate variability analysis during exercise stress testing is proposed based on the integral pulse frequency modulation (IPFM) model, where a time-varying threshold is included to account for the nonstationary mean heart rate. The proposed technique allows the estimation of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) modulating signal using the methods derived for the IPFM model with constant threshold plus a correction, which is shown to be needed to take into account the time-varying mean heart rate. On simulations, this technique allows the estimation of the ANS modulation on the heart from the beat occurrence time series with lower errors than the IPFM model with constant threshold (1.1% ± 1.3% versus 15.0% ± 14.9%). On an exercise stress testing database, the ANS modulation estimated by the proposed technique is closer to physiology than that obtained from the IPFM model with constant threshold, which tends to overestimate the ANS modulation during the recovery and underestimate it during the initial rest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Bailón
- Communications Technology Group (GTC), Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
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Gil E, Orini M, Bailón R, Vergara JM, Mainardi L, Laguna P. Photoplethysmography pulse rate variability as a surrogate measurement of heart rate variability during non-stationary conditions. Physiol Meas 2010; 31:1271-90. [PMID: 20702919 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/31/9/015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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