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Ding W, Xu Y, Kondracki AJ, Sun Y. Childhood adversity and accelerated reproductive events: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024; 230:315-329.e31. [PMID: 37820985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accelerated female reproductive events represent the early onset of reproductive events involving puberty, menarche, pregnancy loss, first sexual intercourse, first birth, parity, and menopause. This study aimed to explore the association between childhood adversity and accelerated female reproductive events. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were systematically searched from September 22, 2022 to September 23, 2022. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Observational cohort, cross-sectional, and case-control studies in human populations were included if they reported the time of reproductive events for female individuals with experience of childhood adversity and were published in English. METHODS Two reviewers independently screened studies, obtained data, and assessed study quality, and conflicts were resolved by a third reviewer. Dichotomous outcomes were evaluated using meta-analysis, and pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were generated using random-effects models. Moderation analysis and meta-regression were used to investigate heterogeneity. RESULTS In total, 21 cohort studies, 9 cross-sectional studies, and 3 case-control studies were identified. Overall, female individuals with childhood adversity were nearly 2 times more likely to report accelerated reproductive events than those with no adversity exposure (odds ratio, 1.91; 95% confidence interval, 1.33-2.76; I2=99.6%; P<.001). Moderation analysis indicated that effect sizes for the types of childhood adversity ranged from an odds ratio of 1.61 (95% confidence interval, 1.23-2.09) for low socioeconomic status to 2.13 (95% confidence interval, 1.14-3.99) for dysfunctional family dynamics. Among the 7 groups based on different reproductive events, including early onset of puberty, early menarche, early sexual initiation, teenage childbirth, preterm birth, pregnancy loss, and early menopause, early sexual initiation had a nonsignificant correlation with childhood adversity (odds ratio, 2.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.88-8.30; I2=99.9%; P<.001). Considerable heterogeneity (I2>75%) between estimates was observed for over half of the outcomes. Age, study type, and method of data collection could explain 35.9% of the variance. CONCLUSION The literature tentatively corroborates that female individuals who reported adverse events in childhood are more likely to experience accelerated reproductive events. This association is especially strong for exposure to abuse and dysfunctional family dynamics. However, the heterogeneity among studies was high, requiring caution in interpreting the findings and highlighting the need for further evaluation of the types and timing of childhood events that influence accelerated female reproductive events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqin Ding
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuxiang Xu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Anthony J Kondracki
- Department of Community Medicine, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Sisitsky M, Hare M, DiMarzio K, Gallat A, Magariño L, Parent J. Associations Between Early Life Adversity and Youth Psychobiological Outcomes: Dimensional and Person-Centered Approaches. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2023; 51:1789-1800. [PMID: 37195493 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01064-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to early life adversity (ELA) is associated with increased externalizing symptoms (e.g., aggression and oppositionality), internalizing symptoms (e.g., withdrawal and anxiety), and biological indicators of accelerated aging (e.g., telomere length) in childhood. However, little is known about how distinct dimensions of ELA, such as threat and deprivation, impact youth psychobiological outcomes. The present study includes data from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS), a large population-based, birth cohort study of majority (approximately 75%) racial and ethnic minority youth born between 1998 and 2000 across 20 large cities in the United States. The present study includes a subset of the original sample (N = 2,483, 51.6% male) who provided genetic data at age 9. First, confirmatory factor analyses were conducted, which revealed four distinct dimensions of ELA (home threat, community threat, neglect, and lack of stimulation) when children were age 3. Second, latent profile analyses identified an eight-profile solution based on unique patterns of the four ELA dimensions. Lastly, latent profiles were used to predict associations with child psychological and biological outcomes at age 9. Results suggest that exposure to specific combinations of ELA is differentially associated with internalizing and externalizing behaviors in childhood, but not with telomere length. Findings have implications for personalized early intervention and prevention efforts aimed at reducing ELA exposure to protect against downstream negative mental health outcomes for diverse youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Sisitsky
- Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, USA.
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
| | - Megan Hare
- Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, USA
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Karissa DiMarzio
- Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, USA
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Adriana Gallat
- Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, USA
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Loreen Magariño
- Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, USA
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Justin Parent
- Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, USA
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, E. P. Bradley Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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Lee N, Pigott TD, Watson A, Reuben K, O'Hara K, Massetti G, Fang X, Self-Brown S. Childhood Polyvictimization and Associated Health Outcomes: A Systematic Scoping Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:1579-1592. [PMID: 35220817 DOI: 10.1177/15248380211073847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Background: Polyvictimization, the experience of multiple types of victimization, is associated with detrimental health outcomes. Despite extensive research on the health consequences of polyvictimization, one challenge in understanding this literature lies in the varied operationalized definitions of polyvictimization and health outcomes. This scoping review provides the volume of the current literature on this topic, documents the varied constructs of polyvictimization and associated health outcomes, identifies knowledge gaps, and guides future research directions. Method: A systematic search of English-language original articles that presented quantitative associations of childhood polyvictimization and health outcomes was performed through six-database searches, a gray literature search, and citation mining from June 2020 to January 2021. The varied constructs of polyvictimization, health outcomes, and other study characteristics were extracted. Results: A total of 96 studies were included. Two ways of creating continuous variables (30.21%) and four ways of constructing categorical variables (72.92%) were identified for operationalizing polyvictimization. The majority of health outcomes were mental, behavioral, or social (96.88%), while slightly more than 10% of studies examined physical health (11.46%) or general health conditions (10.42%), respectively. More than half of studies used U.S. samples (56.25%). Conclusions: The varied constructs of polyvictimization suggests that there is a need to establish a valid polyvictimization construct that is consistently agreed upon in the research community. Findings summarize the specific health outcomes that can be targeted for further investigation and prevention efforts. Findings also suggest that the study of resilience and coping education for childhood polyvictims is sorely needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- NaeHyung Lee
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Research on Interpersonal Violence, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Terri Deocampo Pigott
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- College of Education & Human Development, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ashley Watson
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Research on Interpersonal Violence, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Katherine Reuben
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Research on Interpersonal Violence, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kathryn O'Hara
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Research on Interpersonal Violence, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Greta Massetti
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xiangming Fang
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Research on Interpersonal Violence, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shannon Self-Brown
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Research on Interpersonal Violence, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Bommersbach T, Rhee TG, Jegede O, Rosenheck RA. Mental health problems of black and white children in a nationally representative epidemiologic survey. Psychiatry Res 2023; 321:115106. [PMID: 36791593 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Black children face more numerous socio-economic disadvantages than White children, but whether they have more adverse mental health problems remains understudied. Using nationally-representative data from the 2018-2019 National Survey of Children's Health, we examined differences in mental health problems between non-Hispanic Black (n = 2,890) and White (n = 30,015) children aged 6-17. Multivariate analyses were used to determine whether differences in mental health conditions could be accounted for by other factors. We found Black children were significantly less likely than White children to have clinically-identified internalizing conditions (especially anxiety) and more likely to be identified with conduct problems. Black children were also substantially more likely to have greater exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), to be uninsured, experience poverty, and less likely to receive needed mental health services. After adjusting for these potential confounders, Black children remained half as likely to have clinically-recognized internalizing conditions, but were no longer more likely to have clinically-identified conduct problems. Differences in ACEs alone fully accounted for the racial difference in conduct problems. These results point to the potential impact of assessment bias by clinicians and underscore the potential benefit of routine screening for depression/anxiety in racial/ethnic minority children, especially in light of rising suicide rates among Black youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner Bommersbach
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55901, USA.
| | - Taeho Greg Rhee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Suite 901, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs New England Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, 950 Campbell Avenue, West Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Oluwole Jegede
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Suite 901, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Robert A Rosenheck
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Suite 901, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs New England Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, 950 Campbell Avenue, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
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5
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Obando D, Wright N, Hill J. Warmth and reciprocity with mothers, and young children's resilience to exposure to community violence in Colombia: findings from the La Sabana Parent-Child Study. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2023; 64:197-205. [PMID: 35532221 PMCID: PMC10084088 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to community violence is common worldwide and is associated with emotional and behavioural problems in children. Little is known about sources of resilience. Building on our previous work on the contribution of callous-unemotional (CU) traits to child aggression in Colombia, we examined whether positive parenting is protective for children whose families are exposed to community violence. METHODS Families were recruited from three demographically contrasting regions of Colombia. The sample comprised 235 children aged 3.5 years and their mothers, of whom 220 (93%) were followed up at age 5.0 years. Positive parenting was assessed as the average of maternal warmth and reciprocity, and as praise, and negative parenting as the average of negative affect and conflict seen in video recordings of standardized procedures. CU traits and oppositional defiant disorder were assessed by maternal report at ages 3.5 and 5.0 years, and mothers reported exposure to community violence over the 18 months between assessments. A range of potential confounds was included in adjusted analyses. RESULTS In the families who were exposed to community violence, but not in the unexposed, maternal warmth and reciprocity were associated prospectively with lower CU traits (interaction, p = .007). In the exposed group maternal warmth and reciprocity explained 10% of the variance (β = -.34, p = .001). Maternal praise was not associated with CU traits. Maternal negative parenting predicted higher CU traits as the main effect but not in interaction with community violence exposure. CONCLUSIONS Maternal warmth and reciprocity with young children may promote resilience in the face of community violence. Programmes to enhance these protective processes may be needed especially where prospects for reducing community violence are limited. The centrality of parents for these children highlights the plight of those exposed to community violence, and also either separated from parents or orphaned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Obando
- Department of PsychologyUniversidad de La SabanaChiaColombia
| | - Nicola Wright
- Department of PsychologyManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK
| | - Jonathan Hill
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language SciencesUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
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Chong LS, Gordis E, Hunter L, Amoh J, Strully K, Appleton AA, Tracy M. Childhood violence exposure and externalizing behaviors: A systematic review of the role of physiological biomarkers. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 145:105898. [PMID: 36087419 PMCID: PMC9840871 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Childhood exposure to violence has been consistently linked to externalizing behaviors like delinquency and aggression. Growing evidence indicates that physiological biomarkers from the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems (PNS and SNS) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis may moderate or mediate the relation between childhood violence exposure and externalizing behaviors. We conducted a systematic review to synthesize recent findings on physiological biomarkers as mediators and/or moderators of this association across the life course, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Our search yielded 3878 articles, of which 44 met inclusion criteria (describing a total of 46 independent studies). We found consistent evidence for blunted HPA-axis reactivity as a mediator of the relation between childhood violence exposure and subsequent externalizing behaviors, and for non-reciprocal PNS/SNS activation as moderators exacerbating this relation. However, the results of the majority of included studies that demonstrated significant moderating effects of physiological biomarkers varied by participant sex, type of childhood violence exposure, and type of stimuli used to induce physiological reactivity. The observed mixed findings are consistent with some theories that emphasize that both high and low stress reactivity can be adaptive depending on one's early environment. These findings highlight the need for systematic explorations of heterogeneity, theory-driven research questions, and longitudinal studies that span multiple developmental periods and multiple biological systems. Clinical implications include the need to assess physiological biomarkers in treatment and intervention studies and the potential to target interventions based on both autonomic functioning and environmental contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shen Chong
- Department of Psychology, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Ave, Albany, NY 12222, United States
| | - Elana Gordis
- Department of Psychology, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Ave, Albany, NY 12222, United States
| | - Laura Hunter
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany School of Public Health, State University of New York, 1 University Place, Rensselaer, NY 12144, United States
| | - Jennifer Amoh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany School of Public Health, State University of New York, 1 University Place, Rensselaer, NY 12144, United States
| | - Kate Strully
- Department of Sociology, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Ave, Albany, NY 12222, United States
| | - Allison A Appleton
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany School of Public Health, State University of New York, 1 University Place, Rensselaer, NY 12144, United States
| | - Melissa Tracy
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany School of Public Health, State University of New York, 1 University Place, Rensselaer, NY 12144, United States.
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7
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Lee N, Osborne M, Massetti G, Watson A, Self-Brown S. Associations Among Age of First Experience of Violence, Type of Victimization, Polyvictimization, and Mental Distress in Nigerian Females. Violence Against Women 2022; 28:2992-3012. [PMID: 34894889 PMCID: PMC9189236 DOI: 10.1177/10778012211038973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study explored associations of age of first victimization, sexual violence (SV), physical violence (PV), polyvictimization, and mental distress among females in Nigeria (n = 1,766, 13-24 years old) using the nationally representative 2014 Nigeria Violence Against Children Survey. Multinomial logistic regressions were performed. Nigerian females reporting SV victimization and polyvictimization were more likely to experience higher mental distress. The older the female was at the time of PV victimization, the greater the risk for mental distress. Violence is prevalent in Nigeria and its impact on youth's health is severe. However, evidence-based and data-driven policies and programs can reduce and prevent violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- NaeHyung Lee
- Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, 1373Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- National SafeCare Training and Research Center, 1373Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Research of Interpersonal Violence, 1373Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Melissa Osborne
- Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, 1373Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- National SafeCare Training and Research Center, 1373Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Research of Interpersonal Violence, 1373Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Greta Massetti
- Division of Violence Prevention, 1242Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ashley Watson
- Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, 1373Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- National SafeCare Training and Research Center, 1373Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Research of Interpersonal Violence, 1373Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shannon Self-Brown
- Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, 1373Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- National SafeCare Training and Research Center, 1373Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Research of Interpersonal Violence, 1373Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Owusu Ansah K, Atindanbila S, Osei Owusu J, Agyemang Duah C. Patterns of victimization in Ghana's Senior Correctional Center: The experiences of juvenile offenders. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW AND PSYCHIATRY 2022; 83:101808. [PMID: 35667133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2022.101808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Victimization is considered a serious issue which affects children across the globe and this is particularly accentuated in the prison environment Research on prison victimization and psychological health however, has primarily focused on adult prisoners. There is little documentation on how victimization impacts the psychological health of juvenile offenders in correctional facilities. This article therefore explores the experiences of victimization among juvenile offenders in the Senior Correctional Center, Ghana. A total of 20 juvenile offenders were purposively sampled from Ghana's Senior Correction Center. Using thematic analysis, three themes were generated and discussed: forms of victimization, causes of victimization and impacts of victimization. It was revealed that, besides taking the form of either direct and or indirect physical assault, victimization also manifested in the form of verbal assault. Moreover, victimization was found to usually occur when young offenders direct their built-up frustrations at others or when victims possess specific attributes that make them targets. The various forms of victimization experienced by these young offenders impacts their well-being physically, psychologically and socially. It is recommended that stakeholders should practice stress management exercises, and establish a buddy system for juvenile offenders in the correctional facility.
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Matjasko JL, Herbst JH, Estefan LF. Preventing Adverse Childhood Experiences: The Role of Etiological, Evaluation, and Implementation Research. Am J Prev Med 2022; 62:S6-S15. [PMID: 35597583 PMCID: PMC9215220 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Research on adverse childhood experiences is a vital part of the data-to-action link and the development of evidence-based public health and violence prevention practice. Etiological research helps to elucidate the key risk and protective factors for adverse childhood experiences and outcome research examines the consequences of exposure to them. Evaluation research is critical to building the evidence base for strategies that are likely to have a significant impact on preventing and reducing adverse experiences during childhood. Implementation research efforts inform the movement and scale-up of evidence-based findings to public health practice. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Division of Violence Prevention located in the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control is investing in a number of research initiatives that are designed to advance what is known about the causes and consequences of adverse childhood experiences (i.e., etiological research), the strategies that are effective at reducing and preventing them (i.e., evaluation research), and how to best adapt and scale effective strategies (i.e., implementation research). This article complements the other articles in this Special Supplement by briefly providing a review of reviews for each of these areas and highlighting recent research investments and strategic directions by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the area of child abuse and neglect and adverse childhood experience prevention. Research investments are critical to advancing the evidence base on the prevention of adverse childhood experiences and to ensure safe, stable, and nurturing relationships and environments so that all children can live to their fullest potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Matjasko
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC), U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Jeffrey H Herbst
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC), U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lianne Fuino Estefan
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC), U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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10
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Health implications of maltreated children exposed to domestic violence. J Public Health (Oxf) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-020-01450-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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11
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Li X, Wang Y, Li J, Tang J, Zhang J, Wang M, Jiang S. Violence exposure across multiple contexts as predictors of reactive and proactive aggression in Chinese preadolescents. Aggress Behav 2022; 48:319-330. [PMID: 34982844 DOI: 10.1002/ab.22016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Based on different functions of aggression, the conceptual distinction of reactive and proactive aggression has been proposed. It is widely acknowledged that adolescents' violence exposure contributes to later perpetration of aggressive behaviors. However, few studies have compared the effects of violence exposure on reactive/proactive aggression based on the forms (i.e., witnessing and being victimized) and the contexts (i.e., family, community, and school), especially in preadolescents. Thus, the relationship between two forms of violence exposure (witnessing and victimization) and later perpetrating reactive and proactive aggression were compared within and across three social contexts in a sample of Chinese preadolescents. Participants were 609 preadolescents 51.9% boys) recruited from five primary schools in China. Information on two forms of violence exposure across multiple contexts and demography were collected at Time 1 (Mage = 10.65), and aggression data (i.e., reactive and proactive aggression) were collected a year later at Time 2. Results evidenced witnessing and being victimized by violence in the home were more consistently related to later perpetration of reactive and proactive aggression. Witnessing family violence was significantly associated with later perpetration of reactive aggression than witnessing violence in the community. Being victimized by violence in the community and the home were significantly associated with later perpetration of proactive aggression than school victimization. These findings provide a deeper understanding of the roles of both types of violence exposure across contexts in later perpetration of aggression during early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Li
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Education Shenzhen University Shenzhen China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Education Shenzhen University Shenzhen China
| | - Jiamei Li
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Education Shenzhen University Shenzhen China
| | - Jiayu Tang
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Education Shenzhen University Shenzhen China
| | - Jiaying Zhang
- Department of Applied Psychology, School of Psychiatry Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Mingzhu Wang
- Department of Early Childhood Education, Faculty of Education Shaanxi Normal University Xian China
| | - Suo Jiang
- Department of Applied Psychology, School of Psychiatry Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
- The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
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Fleckman JM, Petrovic L, Simon K, Peele H, Baker CN, Overstreet S. Compassion Satisfaction, Secondary Traumatic Stress, and Burnout: A Mixed Methods Analysis in a Sample of Public-School Educators Working in Marginalized Communities. SCHOOL MENTAL HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12310-022-09515-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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13
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Foster H, Hagan J, Brooks-Gunn J, Garcia J. Association between intergenerational violence exposure and maternal age of menopause. Menopause 2022; 29:284-292. [PMID: 35213516 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether maternal violence exposure personally and through her child is associated with an earlier age of menopause, controlling for covariates. METHODS Analyses used merged data from two related sources. Although mothers (n = 1,466) were interviewed in 1995 and then 20 years later (2015-17), their children were interviewed in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health repeatedly (Waves 1-4, 1994/5 to 2008-2009). Mothers reported their own age of menopause, and mothers and adolescents each reported their own exposure to violence as children and adults. RESULTS A mother's own childhood physical abuse (b = -1.60, P < .05) and her child's sexual abuse (b = -1.39, P < .01) both were associated with an earlier age of menopause. Mothers who were physically abused in childhood and have a child who experienced regular sexual abuse reached menopause 8.78 years earlier than mothers without a history of personal abuse or abuse of their child. CONCLUSIONS Our study is the first to find that age of natural menopause is associated with intergenerational violence exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Foster
- Texas A&M University, Department of Sociology, MS 4351 TAMU, College Station, TX
- American Bar Foundation, 750 N Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL
| | - John Hagan
- American Bar Foundation, 750 N Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL
- Northwestern University, Department of Sociology, 1810 Chicago Ave, Evanston, IL
| | - Jeanne Brooks-Gunn
- Columbia University, Teachers College and College of Physicians and Surgeons, 525 W. 120 St., Box 39, New York, NY
| | - Jess Garcia
- Texas A&M University, Department of Sociology, MS 4351 TAMU, College Station, TX
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14
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Karakuş C, Göncü-Köse A. Relationships of domestic violence with bullying, silencing-the-self, resilience, and self-efficacy: Moderating roles of stress-coping strategies. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-02726-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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15
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Vasan A, Mitchell HK, Fein JA, Buckler DG, Wiebe DJ, South EC. Association of Neighborhood Gun Violence With Mental Health-Related Pediatric Emergency Department Utilization. JAMA Pediatr 2021; 175:1244-1251. [PMID: 34542562 PMCID: PMC8453357 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.3512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Many children and adolescents in the United States are exposed to neighborhood gun violence. Associations between violence exposure and children's short-term mental health are not well understood. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between neighborhood gun violence and subsequent mental health-related pediatric emergency department (ED) utilization. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This location-based cross-sectional study included 128 683 ED encounters for children aged 0 to 19 years living in 12 zip codes in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, who presented to an urban academic pediatric ED from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2018. Children were included if they (1) had 1 or more ED visits in the 60 days before or after a neighborhood shooting and (2) lived within a quarter-mile radius of the location where this shooting occurred. Analysis began August 2020 and ended May 2021. EXPOSURE Neighborhood violence exposure, as measured by whether a patient resided near 1 or more episodes of police-reported gun violence. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES ED encounters for a mental health-related chief complaint or primary diagnosis. RESULTS A total of 2629 people were shot in the study area between 2014 and 2018, and 54 341 children living nearby had 1 or more ED visits within 60 days of a shooting. The majority of these children were Black (45 946 [84.5%]) and were insured by Medicaid (42 480 [78.1%]). After adjusting for age, sex, race and ethnicity, median household income by zip code, and insurance, children residing within one-eighth of a mile (2-3 blocks) of a shooting had greater odds of mental health-related ED presentations in the subsequent 14 days (adjusted odds ratio, 1.86 [95% CI, 1.20-2.88]), 30 days (adjusted odds ratio, 1.49 [95% CI, 1.11-2.03]), and 60 days (adjusted odds ratio, 1.35 [95% CI, 1.06-1.72]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Exposure to neighborhood gun violence is associated with an increase in children's acute mental health symptoms. City health departments and pediatric health care systems should work together to provide community-based support for children and families exposed to violence and trauma-informed care for the subset of these children who subsequently present to the ED. Policies aimed at reducing children's exposure to neighborhood gun violence and mitigating the mental symptoms associated with gun violence exposure must be a public health priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Vasan
- National Clinician Scholars Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,PolicyLab, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hannah K. Mitchell
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joel A. Fein
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,Center for Violence Prevention, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David G. Buckler
- The Urban Health Lab, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Douglas J. Wiebe
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Eugenia C. South
- The Urban Health Lab, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
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16
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Zhang Y, Chen Y, Zhang W. Community Violence Exposure and Externalizing Problem Behavior Among Chinese High School Students: The Moderating Role of Parental Knowledge. Front Psychol 2021; 12:612237. [PMID: 33959066 PMCID: PMC8095249 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.612237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescents' community violence exposure (CVE) has been demonstrated with a range of behavioral and psychological problems, but the processes that explain these correlations are not clear. In our 2017 study, the mediating role of deviant peer affiliation in the relationship between CVE and externalizing problem behaviors has been confirmed. However, the moderating effect of parental factors is still unclear. Therefore, a new group (high school group) was adopted in this study to further explore the moderating effect of parental knowledge based on also confirming the mediating effect of deviant peer affiliation. Stratified-cluster sampling was used to recruit 1,797 volunteers who completed questionnaires on CVE, deviant peer affiliation, parental knowledge, and externalizing problem behaviors. The results of the structural equation modeling were: on the basis of our previous research, we further analyzed the mediating role of deviant peer affiliation, and the mediated association was moderated by parental knowledge. Especially when the school climate is added as a covariate, the moderating effect of parental knowledge has changed, that is, the positive association between CVE and externalizing problem behaviors was much stronger for adolescents who reported lower levels of parental knowledge than for those who reported higher levels of parental knowledge. The results support the assumptions of social learning theory and have implications for interventions of community violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Zhang
- School of Psychology & Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- School of Psychology & Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Psychology & Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Jenkins L, McNeal T, Drayer J, Wang Q. Childhood Trauma History and Negative Social Experiences in College. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2021; 14:103-113. [PMID: 33708286 PMCID: PMC7900297 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-020-00315-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
While there is literature documenting the association between childhood trauma and later sexual assault or interpersonal violence victimization, less is known about risk of less severe, but still negative, victimization experiences such as sexual harassment, hazing, and bullying in college. The goal of this study was to explore the association between self-reported childhood trauma (both personally experienced and witnessed) and negative social experiences in college-age adults (e.g., sexual harassment, hazing, and bullying), and the role that internalizing difficulties (i.e., depression and stress) plays in this association. A sample of 620 college-aged adults (ages 18-25) was recruited. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to investigate two models concerning direct and indirect childhood trauma experience. The models demonstrated significant positive relations between experiences of childhood trauma (both direct and indirect) and negative social experiences. Internalizing difficulties (i.e., depression and stress) mediated the relation between indirect childhood trauma and negative social experiences, but it did not significantly mediate the relation between direct childhood trauma and negative social experiences. These findings help to inform prevention efforts and have important implications for both school and community based mental health providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsay Jenkins
- Department of Educational Psychology and Learning Systems, Florida State University, 1114 W Call Street, STB 3210, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA
| | - Tara McNeal
- Department of Educational Psychology and Learning Systems, Florida State University, 1114 W Call Street, STB 3210, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA
| | - Joshua Drayer
- Department of Educational Psychology and Learning Systems, Florida State University, 1114 W Call Street, STB 3210, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Educational Psychology and Learning Systems, Florida State University, 1114 W Call Street, STB 3210, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA
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18
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Goldner L, Lev-Wiesel R, Binson B. Perceptions of Child Abuse as Manifested in Drawings and Narratives by Children and Adolescents. Front Psychol 2021; 11:562972. [PMID: 33519578 PMCID: PMC7840510 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.562972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Child abuse is an underreported phenomenon despite its high global prevalence. This study investigated how child abuse is perceived by children and adolescents as manifested in their drawings and narratives, based on the well-established notion that drawings serve as a window into children's mental states. A sample of 97 Israeli children and adolescents aged 6-17 were asked to draw and narrate what child abuse meant to them. The drawings and narratives were coded quantitatively. The results indicated that participants did not perceive a distinction between abuse and violence and referred to them interchangeably. Almost half of the participants focused on emotional abuse. The most frequent type of abuse within the family was between parents and children, and the most frequent abuse outside the family was peer victimization. Most of the drawings were figurative and realistic and half of the drawings included words suggestive of the participants' attempts to be heard and fully understood. The vast majority of drawings did not include the figure of the artist, about a third of the drawings employed dissociative techniques (i.e., included positive objects, were unrelated to abuse, used words alone, or did not follow the instructions), and almost half of the narratives were dissociative or characterized by negative resolution, describing feelings such as sadness, humiliation, and loneliness. These findings suggest the emotional pain associated with the abuse or violence and the use of dissociative mechanisms to bypass the pain. The findings are discussed in light of the literature on children's disclosure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limor Goldner
- Sagol Lab for Children at Risk, The Emili Sagol Creative Arts Therapies Research Center, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, School of Creative Arts Therapies, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rachel Lev-Wiesel
- Sagol Lab for Children at Risk, The Emili Sagol Creative Arts Therapies Research Center, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, School of Creative Arts Therapies, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Bussakorn Binson
- FAA-Emili Sagol Creative Arts Research and Innovation for Well-Being Center, Faculty of Fine and Applied Arts, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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19
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Fusco RA. Frequent Marijuana or Alcohol Use in Low-Income Emerging Adults: Impact of Adverse Life Experiences. Subst Use Misuse 2021; 56:711-717. [PMID: 33749505 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.1892140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The transition to adulthood may be especially difficult for those who use drugs and alcohol regularly. While research clearly links adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) with later substance use, many studies have explored only a limited range of ACEs, and have focused on the number instead of specific types of ACE. Objectives: The current study examined the role of ACEs on the likelihood of frequent marijuana and alcohol use among a community sample of emerging adults (N = 185). This research builds on and extends previous work by focusing on a low-income sample, examining specific types of ACEs, and expanding categories to include some less studied ACEs. Logistic regression models examined the relationships between ACEs and frequent alcohol or marijuana use. Results: The emerging adults in the current sample experienced many ACEs in childhood, and roughly a third reported frequent (defined as using once a week or more for the past 90 days) alcohol or marijuana use. ACEs associated with both frequent marijuana and alcohol use were time spent in foster care, childhood emotional abuse, and having a close family member or friend who died violently. Alcohol use was further predicted by childhood sexual abuse and witnessing a serious injury or death, while marijuana use was further predicted by childhood physical abuse. Conclusions: Findings highlight the importance of thoroughly assessing for ACEs when addressing substance use issues in young adults. The negative impact of being in foster care may be overlooked as a trauma beyond the experiences that contributed to entering care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Fusco
- School of Social Work, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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20
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Gollub EL, Green J, Richardson L, Kaplan I, Shervington D. Indirect violence exposure and mental health symptoms among an urban public-school population: Prevalence and correlates. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224499. [PMID: 31774835 PMCID: PMC6881142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Available literature identifies the need for a deeper understanding of the role of gender, age and socioeconomic status in children's exposure to violence and associations with mental health (MH) outcomes. The 1548 participants for this study were enrolled from 28 public charter schools and 9 community-based settings; youth were administered a screener that assessed exposure to traumatic events and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. Respondents reported extremely high levels of exposure to indirect violence: 41.7% witnessed shooting/stabbing/beating; 18.3% witnessed murder; and 53.8% experienced the murder of someone close. Frequency of adverse MH outcomes was high: 21.2% screened positive for depression; 45.7% for lifetime PTSD; and 26.9% for current PTSD. More males than females reported witnessing shooting/stabbing/beating (p = .04); females more often reported experiencing the murder of someone close (p = .001). Indirect violence exposure generally increased with age. Youth attending schools with ≥90% free/reduced lunch participation (FRLP) showed significantly higher levels of violence exposure compared to youth in schools with <90% FRLP. Females endorsed significantly higher levels of depression (21.4% vs. 9.7%), and lifetime (53.9% vs. 34.9%) and current (32.5% vs. 19.6%) PTSD, compared with males (p < .0001, all comparisons). Female sex (aOR = 2.6), FRLP (aOR = 1.4 for ≥90% vs. <90%) and the number of different indirect violence exposures (aORs from 1.3 to 10.4), were significantly associated with a positive screen for any adverse MH outcome. Our data add important insights into gender heterogeneity of viewed violence, mental health symptoms, and their association-all of which are critical to guiding effective intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica L. Gollub
- Health Science Program, College of Health Professions, Pace University, Pleasantville, NY, United States of America
| | - Jakevia Green
- Institute of Women & Ethnic Studies, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Lisa Richardson
- Institute of Women & Ethnic Studies, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Ilyssa Kaplan
- Department of Psychology, Pace University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Denese Shervington
- Institute of Women & Ethnic Studies, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
- Charles R. Drew School of Medicine and Science, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
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21
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State-of-the-Science Review of Non-Chemical Stressors Found in a Child's Social Environment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16224417. [PMID: 31718056 PMCID: PMC6888402 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Children are exposed to chemical and non-chemical stressors from their built, natural, and social environments. Research is needed to advance our scientific understanding of non-chemical stressors, evaluate how they alter the biological response to a chemical stressor, and determine how they impact children’s health and well-being. To do this, we conducted a state-of-the-science review of non-chemical stressors found in a child’s social environment. Methods: Studies eligible for inclusion in this review were identified through a search of the peer-reviewed literature using PubMed and PsycINFO. Combinations of words associated with non-chemical stressors and children were used to form search strings. Filters were used to limit the search to studies published in peer-reviewed journals from 2000–2016 and written in English. Publications found using the search strings and filters went through two rounds of screening. Results: A total of 146 studies met the inclusion criteria. From these studies, 245 non-chemical stressors were evaluated. The non-chemical stressors were then organized into 13 general topic areas: acculturation, adverse childhood experiences, economic, education, family dynamics, food, greenspace, neighborhood, social, stress, urbanicity, violence, and other. Additional information on health outcomes, studies evaluating both chemical and non-chemical stressors, and animal studies are provided. This review provides evidence that non-chemical stressors found in a child’s social environment do influence their health and well-being in both beneficial (e.g., salutatory effects of greenspace and social support) and adverse (e.g., poor relationships between health and selected non-chemical stressors such as economics, educational attainment, exposure to violence, stress) ways. Conclusions: This literature review identified a paucity of studies addressing the combined effects of chemical and non-chemical stressors and children’s health and well-being. This literature review was further complicated by inconsistencies in terminology, methodologies, and the value of non-chemical stressor research in different scientific disciplines. Despite these limitations, this review showed the importance of considering non-chemical stressors from a child’s social environment when addressing children’s environmental health considerations.
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22
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Molano A, Harker A, Cristancho JC. Effects of Indirect Exposure to Homicide Events on Children’s Mental Health: Evidence from Urban Settings in Colombia. J Youth Adolesc 2018; 47:2060-2072. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-018-0876-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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23
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Horn SR, Roos LE, Beauchamp KG, Flannery JE, Fisher PA. Polyvictimization and externalizing symptoms in foster care children: The moderating role of executive function. J Trauma Dissociation 2018; 19:307-324. [PMID: 29547079 PMCID: PMC6774668 DOI: 10.1080/15299732.2018.1441353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Prior research has identified the role of childhood maltreatment in externalizing problems and executive function (EF) deficits, but minimal work has been done to characterize the effects of co-occurring maltreatment types, defined as polyvictimization. Here, we sought to characterize the association between polyvictimization and externalizing problems in a sample of foster care children aged 3-4 years (N = 84) and examine how EF may mediate or moderate that relationship. A moderation model was supported in that only polyvictimized children with EF scores 1.62 or more standard deviations below the mean were at heightened risk for clinically severe externalizing problems, while no association between polyvictimization and externalizing problems were observed for children who scored at the mean or above on the EF measure. Findings highlight that EF may serve as a resilience factor indicating that individual differences in polyvictimized children's EF skills help to predict variability in externalizing problems. Future research on designing and optimizing intervention programs that target EF skills may mitigate the development of maladaptive outcomes for polyvictimized children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Horn
- a Department of Psychology , University of Oregon , Eugene , OR , USA
| | - Leslie E Roos
- a Department of Psychology , University of Oregon , Eugene , OR , USA
| | | | | | - Philip A Fisher
- a Department of Psychology , University of Oregon , Eugene , OR , USA
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Lilleston PS, Goldmann L, Verma RK, McCleary-Sills J. Understanding social norms and violence in childhood: theoretical underpinnings and strategies for intervention. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2017; 22:122-134. [DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2016.1271954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. S. Lilleston
- International Center for Research on Women, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - R. K. Verma
- International Center for Research on Women, New Delhi, India
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