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Varma MM, Zhen S, Yu R. Not all discounts are created equal: Regional activity and brain networks in temporal and effort discounting. Neuroimage 2023; 280:120363. [PMID: 37673412 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Reward outcomes associated with costs like time delay and effort investment are generally discounted in decision-making. Standard economic models predict rewards associated with different types of costs are devalued in a similar manner. However, our review of rodent lesion studies indicated partial dissociations between brain regions supporting temporal- and effort-based decision-making. Another debate is whether options involving low and high costs are processed in different brain substrates (dual-system) or in the same regions (single-system). This research addressed these issues using coordinate-based, connectivity-based, and activation network-based meta-analyses to identify overlapping and separable neural systems supporting temporal (39 studies) and effort (20 studies) discounting. Coordinate-based activation likelihood estimation and resting-state connectivity analyses showed immediate-small reward and delayed-large reward choices engaged distinct regions with unique connectivity profiles, but their activation network mapping was found to engage the default mode network. For effort discounting, salience and sensorimotor networks supported low-effort choices, while the frontoparietal network supported high-effort choices. There was little overlap between the temporal and effort networks. Our findings underscore the importance of differentiating different types of costs in decision-making and understanding discounting at both regional and network levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohith M Varma
- Department of Management, Marketing, and Information Systems, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shanshan Zhen
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Rongjun Yu
- Department of Management, Marketing, and Information Systems, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
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2
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Neural and functional validation of fMRI-informed EEG model of right inferior frontal gyrus activity. Neuroimage 2023; 266:119822. [PMID: 36535325 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) is a region involved in the neural underpinning of cognitive control across several domains such as inhibitory control and attentional allocation process. Therefore, it constitutes a desirable neural target for brain-guided interventions such as neurofeedback (NF). To date, rIFG-NF has shown beneficial ability to rehabilitate or enhance cognitive functions using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI-NF). However, the utilization of fMRI-NF for clinical purposes is severely limited, due to its poor scalability. The present study aimed to overcome the limited applicability of fMRI-NF by developing and validating an EEG model of fMRI-defined rIFG activity (hereby termed "Electrical FingerPrint of rIFG"; rIFG-EFP). To validate the computational model, we employed two experiments in healthy individuals. The first study (n = 14) aimed to test the target engagement of the model by employing rIFG-EFP-NF training while simultaneously acquiring fMRI. The second study (n = 41) aimed to test the functional outcome of two sessions of rIFG-EFP-NF using a risk preference task (known to depict cognitive control processes), employed before and after the training. Results from the first study demonstrated neural target engagement as expected, showing associated rIFG-BOLD signal changing during simultaneous rIFG-EFP-NF training. Target anatomical specificity was verified by showing a more precise prediction of the rIFG-BOLD by the rIFG-EFP model compared to other EFP models. Results of the second study suggested that successful learning to up-regulate the rIFG-EFP signal through NF can reduce one's tendency for risk taking, indicating improved cognitive control after two sessions of rIFG-EFP-NF. Overall, our results confirm the validity of a scalable NF method for targeting rIFG activity by using an EEG probe.
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3
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Zhou H, He Y, Yuan Z, Zhou Y, Yin J, Chark R, Fong DKC, Fong LHN, Wu AMS. Altered hierarchical organization between empathy and gambling networks in disordered gamblers. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1083465. [PMID: 36846215 PMCID: PMC9947716 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1083465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the demonstrated association between empathy and gambling at the behavioral level, limited neuroimaging research on empathy and gambling disorder (GD) has been conducted. Whether and how the brain network of empathy and that of gambling interact in disordered gamblers has not been investigated. This study aimed to address this research gap by examining the hierarchical organizational patterns, in which the differences of causal interactions of these networks between disordered gamblers and healthy controls were revealed. METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data of 32 disordered gamblers and 56 healthy controls were included in the formal analysis. Dynamic causal modeling was used to examine the effective connectivity within and between empathy and gambling networks among all participants. RESULTS All participants showed significant effective connectivity within and between empathy and gambling networks. However, compared with healthy controls, disordered gamblers displayed more excitatory effective connectivity within the gambling network, the tendency to display more excitatory effective connectivity from the empathy network to the gambling network, and reduced inhibitory effective connectivity from the gambling network to the empathy network. CONCLUSION The exploratory study was the first to examine the effective connectivity within and between empathy and gambling networks among disordered gamblers and healthy controls. These results provided insights into the causal relationship between empathy and gambling from the neuroscientific perspective and further confirmed that disordered gamblers show altered effective connectivity within and between these two brain networks, which may be considered to be a potential neural index for GD identification. In addition, the altered interactions between empathy and gambling networks may also indicate the potential targets for the neuro-stimulation intervention approach (e.g., transcranial magnetic stimulation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China.,Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yuwen He
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China.,Bioimaging Core, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China.,Bioimaging Core, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingwen Yin
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China.,Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Robin Chark
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China.,Department of Integrated Resort and Tourism Management, Faculty of Business Administration, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Davis Ka Chio Fong
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China.,Department of Integrated Resort and Tourism Management, Faculty of Business Administration, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Lawrence Hoc Nang Fong
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China.,Department of Integrated Resort and Tourism Management, Faculty of Business Administration, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Anise M S Wu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China.,Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
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4
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Cui L, Ye M, Sun L, Zhang S, He G. Common and Distinct Neural Correlates of Intertemporal and Risky Decision-Making: Meta-Analytical Evidence for the Dual-System Theory. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 141:104851. [PMID: 36058404 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between intertemporal and risky decision-making has received considerable attention in decision research. Single-process theories suggest that choices involving delay and risk are simply two manifestations of the same psychological mechanism, which implies similar patterns of neural activation. Conversely, the dual-system theory suggests that delayed and risky choices are two contrasting types of processes, which implies distinct brain networks. How these two types of choices relate to each other remains unclear. The current study addressed this issue by performing a meta-analysis of 28 intertemporal decision-making studies (862 subjects) and 51 risky decision-making studies (1539 subjects). We found no common area activated in the conjunction analysis of the delayed and risky rewards. Based on the contrast analysis, delayed rewards were associated with stronger activation in the left dorsal insula, while risky rewards were associated with activation in the bilateral ventral striatum and the right anterior insula. The results align with the dual-system theory with separate neural networks for delayed and risky rewards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Cui
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China; College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Meng Ye
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
| | - Lingyun Sun
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shunmin Zhang
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China.
| | - Guibing He
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China.
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5
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Reduced sensitivity to delayed time and delayed reward of the post-operative insular glioma patients in delay discounting. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 33:102895. [PMID: 34864287 PMCID: PMC8648800 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The behavior study exhibited post-operative insular glioma patients performed a reduced sensitivity of delayed time and delayed reward in delay discounting task. The fMRI study in healthy subjects revealed the insula associated with delayed time, delayed reward processing, which could contribute to the patients’ behavior. Combined with these two studies, our results provided evidences that the insula involved in delay discounting, and patients underwent insular glioma surgery could have an impaired delay discounting performance.
Previous studies have shown that the insula is closely related to addiction, and the structure’s role in delay discounting can be measured by a specific task, but the specific role of the insula has been less studied. In this study, we first conducted a lesion study in which we recruited healthy controls (n = 30) and patients with unilateral insula injury (n = 16) to complete a behavioral delay discounting task. Then we conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, and a separate group healthy volunteers (n = 51) completed a delay discounting task during the fMRI scan. The lesion study showed a significant difference between the two groups in the delay discounting task, which revealed that insula injury was associated with impaired decision making. The fMRI study revealed choice-sensitive insula activation that was modulated by delayed time and delayed reward, indicating an important role of the insula in delay discounting. Overall, our results provide evidence for a role of the insular lobe in delay discounting and suggests that this structure may be considered an important factor in the future treatment and diagnosis of addiction disorders.
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6
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Weinsztok S, Brassard S, Balodis I, Martin LE, Amlung M. Delay Discounting in Established and Proposed Behavioral Addictions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:786358. [PMID: 34899207 PMCID: PMC8661136 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.786358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Steep delay discounting, or a greater preference for smaller-immediate rewards over larger-delayed rewards, is a common phenomenon across a range of substance use and psychiatric disorders. Non-substance behavioral addictions (e.g., gambling disorder, internet gaming disorder, food addiction) are of increasing interest in delay discounting research. Individual studies have reported steeper discounting in people exhibiting various behavioral addictions compared to controls or significant correlations between discounting and behavioral addiction scales; however, not all studies have found significant effects. To synthesize the published research in this area and identify priorities for future research, we conducted a pre-registered systematic review and meta-analysis (following PRISMA guidelines) of delay discounting studies across a range of behavioral addiction categories. The final sample included 78 studies, yielding 87 effect sizes for the meta-analysis. For studies with categorical designs, we found statistically significant, medium-to-large effect sizes for gambling disorder (Cohen’s d = 0.82) and IGD (d = 0.89), although the IGD effect size was disproportionately influenced by a single study (adjusted d = 0.53 after removal). Categorical internet/smartphone studies were non-significant (d = 0.16, p = 0.06). Aggregate correlations in dimensional studies were statistically significant, but generally small magnitude for gambling (r = 0.22), internet/smartphone (r = 0.13) and food addiction (r = 0.12). Heterogeneity statistics suggested substantial variability across studies, and publication bias indices indicated moderate impact of unpublished or small sample studies. These findings generally suggest that some behavioral addictions are associated with steeper discounting, with the most robust evidence for gambling disorder. Importantly, this review also highlighted several categories with notably smaller effect sizes or categories with too few studies to be included (e.g., compulsive buying, exercise addiction). Further research on delay discounting in behavioral addictions is warranted, particularly for categories with relatively few studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Weinsztok
- Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Sarah Brassard
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, United States
| | - Iris Balodis
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, United States
| | - Laura E Martin
- Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States.,Department of Population Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States.,Hoglund Biomedical Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Michael Amlung
- Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States.,Department of Applied Behavioral Science, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
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7
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Lai M, Jiang P, Xu J, Luo D, Hao X, Li J. Abnormal brain activity in nonsuicidal self-injury: a coordinate-based activation likelihood meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies. PSYCHORADIOLOGY 2021; 1:249-256. [PMID: 38666222 PMCID: PMC11025552 DOI: 10.1093/psyrad/kkab020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background The high prevalence of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) in youths demonstrates a substantial population-level burden on society. NSSI is often associated with emotional and social skill deficits. To date, several studies have aimed to identify the underlying neural mechanism of those deficits in NSSI by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). However, their conclusions display poor consistency. Objective We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis using activation likelihood estimation (ALE) for fMRI data based on emotional and cognitive tasks to clarify the underlying neural processing deficits of NSSI. Methods We searched for MRI studies of NSSI in the PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases. We identified significant foci for the included studies and conducted two ALE meta-analyses as follows: (i) activation for the NSSI contrast healthy control group and (ii) deactivation for the NSSI contrast healthy controls. Considering the diverse sex composition of study participants and possible bias from one large sample study, we conducted sensitivity analyses for the meta-analysis. Results Nine studies comprising 359 participants were included, and the results demonstrated substantial activation in NSSI patients compared with healthy controls in two clusters located in the right medial frontal gyrus extending to the rostral anterior cingulate and the left inferior frontal gyrus extending to the insula. Conclusions The results suggest that individuals with NSSI show brain activity alterations that underpin their core symptoms, including poor emotional regulation and reward processing deficits. Our findings provide new insights into the neural mechanism of NSSI, which may serve as functional biomarkers for developing effective diagnosis and therapeutic interventions for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfeng Lai
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 28 Dian Xin Nan Road, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiajun Xu
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 28 Dian Xin Nan Road, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 28 Dian Xin Nan Road, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoting Hao
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 28 Dian Xin Nan Road, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 28 Dian Xin Nan Road, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
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8
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Weidacker K, Johnston SJ, Mullins PG, Boy F, Dymond S. Neurochemistry of response inhibition and interference in gambling disorder: a preliminary study of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA+) and glutamate-glutamine (Glx). CNS Spectr 2021:1-11. [PMID: 33752778 DOI: 10.1017/s1092852921000316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurobehavioral research on the role of impulsivity in gambling disorder (GD) has produced heterogeneous findings. Impulsivity is multifaceted with different experimental tasks measuring different subprocesses, such as response inhibition and distractor interference. Little is known about the neurochemistry of inhibition and interference in GD. METHODS We investigated inhibition with the stop signal task (SST) and interference with the Eriksen Flanker task, and related performance to metabolite levels in individuals with and without GD. We employed magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to record glutamate-glutamine (Glx/Cr) and inhibitory, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA+/Cr) levels in the dorsal ACC (dACC), right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), and an occipital control voxel. RESULTS We found slower processing of complex stimuli in the Flanker task in GD (P < .001, η2p = 0.78), and no group differences in SST performance. Levels of dACC Glx/Cr and frequency of incongruent errors were correlated positively in GD only (r = 0.92, P = .001). Larger positive correlations were found for those with GD between dACC GABA+/Cr and SST Go error response times (z = 2.83, P = .004), as well as between dACC Glx/Cr and frequency of Go errors (z = 2.23, P = .03), indicating general Glx-related error processing deficits. Both groups expressed equivalent positive correlations between posterror slowing and Glx/Cr in the right dlPFC (GD: r = 0.74, P = .02; non-GD: r = .71, P = .01). CONCLUSION Inhibition and interference impairments are reflected in dACC baseline metabolite levels and error processing deficits in GD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul G Mullins
- School of Psychology, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - Frederic Boy
- School of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
- School of Management, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Dymond
- School of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, Reykjavík University, Reykjavík, Iceland
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9
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Lapomarda G, Pappaianni E, Siugzdaite R, Sanfey AG, Rumiati RI, Grecucci A. Out of control: An altered parieto-occipital-cerebellar network for impulsivity in bipolar disorder. Behav Brain Res 2021; 406:113228. [PMID: 33684426 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is an affective disorder characterized by rapid fluctuations in mood ranging from episodes of depression to mania, as well as by increased impulsivity. Previous studies investigated the neural substrates of bipolar disorder mainly using univariate methods, with a particular focus on the neural circuitry underlying emotion regulation difficulties. In the present study, capitalizing on an innovative whole-brain multivariate method to structural analysis known as Source-based Morphometry, we investigated the neural substrates of bipolar disorder and their relation with impulsivity, assessed with both self-report measures and performance-based tasks. Structural images from 46 patients with diagnosis of bipolar disorder and 60 healthy controls were analysed. Compared to healthy controls, patients showed decreased gray matter concentration in a parietal-occipital-cerebellar network. Notably, the lower the gray matter concentration in this circuit, the higher the self-reported impulsivity. In conclusion, we provided new evidence of an altered brain network in bipolar disorder patients related to their abnormal impulsivity. Taken together, these findings extend our understanding of the neural and symptomatic characterization of bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Lapomarda
- Clinical and Affective Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy.
| | - Edoardo Pappaianni
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Roma Siugzdaite
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alan G Sanfey
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Raffaella I Rumiati
- Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandro Grecucci
- Clinical and Affective Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
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10
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Pallanti S, Marras A, Makris N. A Research Domain Criteria Approach to Gambling Disorder and Behavioral Addictions: Decision-Making, Response Inhibition, and the Role of Cannabidiol. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:634418. [PMID: 34603091 PMCID: PMC8484302 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.634418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gambling Disorder (GD) has been recently re-classified in the DSM-5 under the "substance-related and addictive disorders," in light of its genetic, endophenotypic, and phenotypic resemblances to substance dependence. Diminished control is a core defining concept of psychoactive substance dependence or addiction and has given rise to the concept of "behavioral" addictions, which are syndromes analogous to substance addiction, but with a behavioral focus other than ingestion of a psychoactive substance. The main symptom clusters are represented by loss of control, craving/withdrawal, and neglect of other areas of life, whereas in a Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) perspective, GD patients exhibit deficits in the domain of "Positive valence systems," particularly in the "Approach motivation" and "Reward learning" constructs, as well as in the "Cognitive systems," primarily in the "Cognitive control" construct. In the Addictions Neuroclinical Assessment (ANA), three relevant domains for addictions emerge: "Incentive salience," "Negative Emotionality," and "Executive Function." The endocannabinoid system (ECS) may largely modulate these circuits, presenting a promising pharmaceutical avenue for treating addictions. Up to now, research on cannabidiol has shown some efficacy in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), whereas in behavioral addictions its role has not been fully elucidated, as well as its precise action on RDoC domains. Herein, we review available evidence on RDoC domains affected in GD and behavioral addictions and summarize insights on the use of cannabidiol in those disorders and its potential mechanisms of action on reward, decisional, and sensorimotor processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Pallanti
- Institute of Neurosciences, Florence, Italy.,Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Anna Marras
- Institute of Neurosciences, Florence, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Nikolaos Makris
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Center for Morphometric Analysis, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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11
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Raimo S, Cropano M, Trojano L, Santangelo G. The neural basis of gambling disorder: An activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 120:279-302. [PMID: 33275954 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous imaging studies suggested that impairments of prefrontal-striatal and limbic circuits are correlated to excessive gambling. However, the neural underpinnings of gambling disorder (GD) continue to be the topic of debate. The present study aimed to identify structural changes in GD and differentiate the specific brain activity patterns associated with decision-making and reward-processing. We performed a systematic review complemented by Activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analyses on morphometric and functional studies on neural correlates of GD. The ALE meta-analysis on structural studies revealed that patients with GD showed significant cortical grey-matter thinning in the right ventrolateral and ventromedial prefrontal cortex compared to healthy subjects. The ALE meta-analyses on functional studies revealed that patients with GD showed a significant hyperactivation in the medial prefrontal cortex and in the right ventral striatum during decision-making and gain processing compared to healthy subjects. These findings suggest that GD is related to an alteration of brain mechanisms underlying top-down control and appraisal of gambling-related stimuli and provided indications to develop new interventions in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Raimo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Maria Cropano
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Luigi Trojano
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Gabriella Santangelo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy.
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12
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de Abreu MS, C V V Giacomini A, Genario R, Fontana BD, Parker MO, Marcon L, Scolari N, Bueno B, Demin KA, Galstyan D, Kolesnikova TO, Amstislavskaya TG, Zabegalov KN, Strekalova T, Kalueff AV. Zebrafish models of impulsivity and impulse control disorders. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 52:4233-4248. [PMID: 32619029 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Impulse control disorders (ICDs) are characterized by generalized difficulty controlling emotions and behaviors. ICDs are a broad group of the central nervous system (CNS) disorders including conduct disorder, intermittent explosive, oppositional-defiant disorder, antisocial personality disorder, kleptomania, pyromania and other illnesses. Although they all share a common feature (aberrant impulsivity), their pathobiology is complex and poorly understood. There are also currently no ICD-specific therapies to treat these illnesses. Animal models are a valuable tool for studying ICD pathobiology and potential therapies. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has become a useful model organism to study CNS disorders due to high genetic and physiological homology to mammals, and sensitivity to various pharmacological and genetic manipulations. Here, we summarize experimental models of impulsivity and ICD in zebrafish and highlight their growing translational significance. We also emphasize the need for further development of zebrafish ICD models to improve our understanding of their pathogenesis and to search for novel therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murilo S de Abreu
- Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil.,The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA, USA
| | - Ana C V V Giacomini
- Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Environmental Sciences, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Genario
- Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Barbara D Fontana
- Brain and Behaviour Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, UK
| | - Matthew O Parker
- Brain and Behaviour Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, UK
| | - Leticia Marcon
- Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Naiara Scolari
- Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Barbara Bueno
- Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Konstantin A Demin
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - David Galstyan
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatyana O Kolesnikova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | | | - Tatyana Strekalova
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, University of Würzburg, Moscow, Russia
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Laboratory of Petrochemistry, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia
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13
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Quaglieri A, Mari E, Boccia M, Piccardi L, Guariglia C, Giannini AM. Brain Network Underlying Executive Functions in Gambling and Alcohol Use Disorders: An Activation Likelihood Estimation Meta-Analysis of fMRI Studies. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E353. [PMID: 32517334 PMCID: PMC7348890 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10060353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies have suggested that common features characterize both Gambling Disorder (GD) and Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD), but these conditions have rarely been compared. METHODS We provide evidence for the similarities and differences between GD and AUD in neural correlates of executive functions by performing an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of 34 functional magnetic resonance imaging studies involving executive function processes in individuals diagnosed with GD and AUD and healthy controls (HC). RESULTS GD showed greater bilateral clusters of activation compared with HC, mainly located in the head and body of the caudate, right middle frontal gyrus, right putamen, and hypothalamus. Differently, AUD showed enhanced activation compared with HC in the right lentiform nucleus, right middle frontal gyrus, and the precuneus; it also showed clusters of deactivation in the bilateral middle frontal gyrus, left middle cingulate cortex, and inferior portion of the left putamen. CONCLUSIONS Going beyond the limitations of a single study approach, these findings provide evidence, for the first time, that both disorders are associated with specific neural alterations in the neural network for executive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Quaglieri
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.M.); (M.B.); (L.P.); (C.G.); (A.M.G.)
| | - Emanuela Mari
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.M.); (M.B.); (L.P.); (C.G.); (A.M.G.)
| | - Maddalena Boccia
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.M.); (M.B.); (L.P.); (C.G.); (A.M.G.)
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Piccardi
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.M.); (M.B.); (L.P.); (C.G.); (A.M.G.)
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Guariglia
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.M.); (M.B.); (L.P.); (C.G.); (A.M.G.)
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Giannini
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.M.); (M.B.); (L.P.); (C.G.); (A.M.G.)
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14
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Neural correlates of delay discount alterations in addiction and psychiatric disorders: A systematic review of magnetic resonance imaging studies. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 99:109822. [PMID: 31751662 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Delay discounting (DD) represents decreased subjective value for delayed reward relative to the same reward at present. The concept of DD has been applied for pathophysiology of addiction and psychiatric disorders. However, the detailed neuroimaging correlates of DD underlying pathophysiology still remain unclear. Thus, we conducted a systematic review to investigate neural correlates of DD on magnetic resonance imaging studies among addiction and psychiatric disorders. Specific search terms were set on PubMed to identify relevant articles. Initial search identified 551 records and 31 studies met the inclusion criteria. The present review revealed that greater DD was correlated with increased activity in areas related to reward evaluation and prediction as well as decreased activity in areas related to cognitive control. Healthy controls showed smaller changes in activities of these areas associated with DD when compared to patient groups. As the neural basis related to DD, three neural networks have been proposed that are associated with the actions of short-term interests and long-term benefits. Among the three potential neural networks on DD, the first one included the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and ventral striatum and implicated in evaluating reward values, the second network included the anterior cingulate cortex and linked to cognitive control, and the third network included the middle temporal gyrus and was involved in predictions and affection. This review generated consistent findings on the neural basis of DD among patients with addiction and psychiatric disorders, which may represent the pathophysiology related to DD and impulsivity of mental illness.
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15
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Marín-Lahoz J, Martínez-Horta S, Sampedro F, Pagonabarraga J, Horta-Barba A, Bejr-Kasem H, Botí MÁ, Fernández-Bobadilla R, Pascual-Sedano B, Pérez-Pérez J, Aracil-Bolaños I, Gironell A, Gómez-Ansón B, Kulisevsky J. Measuring impulsivity in Parkinson's disease: a correlational and structural neuroimaging study using different tests. Eur J Neurol 2020; 27:1478-1486. [PMID: 32250513 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Impulsivity is an aspect of personality and a major component of multiple neuropsychiatric conditions. In Parkinson's disease, it has been associated with the expression of impulse control disorders, a highly prevalent non-motor complication. Even though multiple tests of impulsivity have been used in this context, the impact of test choice has not been addressed. The aim was to evaluate whether different impulsivity measures in Parkinson's disease share substantial inter-scale and anatomical correlations or rather mirror different underlying phenomena. METHODS In a consecutive sample of 89 Parkinson's disease patients without impulse control disorders, four common tests were evaluated assessing different aspects of impulsivity: impulsiveness trait, decisions under implicit risk with and without losses, and delay discounting. Correlations among test scores were analysed and each score was used as a regressor in a set of grey matter volume (GMV) voxel-based morphometry analyses to explore their brain structural correlates. RESULTS No significant correlations were found between the different impulsivity tests. Furthermore, their structural brain correlates were divergent. Impulsiveness trait appeared to be associated with lower GMV in dorsal-lateral prefrontal cortices, implicit risk (with losses) with higher GMV in the left nucleus accumbens and lower left insular GMV, implicit risk (without losses) with higher GMV in the left lingual gyrus and lower GMV in the gyri recti and delay discounting with higher GMV in the left nucleus accumbens. CONCLUSIONS In Parkinson's disease, different impulsivity measures reflect very dissimilar behavioural and brain structural correlates. Our results suggest that parkinsonian impulsivity is not a unitary phenomenon but rather a heterogeneous entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Marín-Lahoz
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (U.A.B.), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - S Martínez-Horta
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - F Sampedro
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - J Pagonabarraga
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (U.A.B.), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - A Horta-Barba
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - H Bejr-Kasem
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (U.A.B.), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Á Botí
- Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.,Asociació Catalana per al Parkinson, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - B Pascual-Sedano
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Pérez-Pérez
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - I Aracil-Bolaños
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - A Gironell
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - B Gómez-Ansón
- Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (U.A.B.), Barcelona, Spain.,Neuroradiology Unit, Radiology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Kulisevsky
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (U.A.B.), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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16
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Wei S, Womer FY, Edmiston EK, Zhang R, Jiang X, Wu F, Kong L, Zhou Y, Tang Y, Wang F. Structural alterations associated with suicide attempts in major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder: A diffusion tensor imaging study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 98:109827. [PMID: 31778758 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are major affective disorders associated with high risk for suicide. Neural mechanisms underlying suicide attempts are poorly understood in MDD and BD but likely relate to the structural abnormalities in brain regions. In this study, we explored structural alterations in MDD and BD with prior suicide attempts (SA) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). METHODS Participants consisted of 27 MDD patients with prior SA (men: 9; age means±sd: 28.04 ± 11.06 years), 49 MDD patients without prior SA (men: 11; age means±sd: 30.03 ± 0.91 years), 25 BD patients with prior SA (men: 7, age means±sd: 27.08 ± 8.40 years), 49 BD patients without prior SA (men: 26, means±sd: 27.69 ± 9.97 years),and 49 healthy controls (HC) (men: 18, means±sd: 31.12 ± 9.95 years). All participants underwent DTI to examine fractional anisotropy (FA) in brain regions. RESULTS FA in several major white matter (WM) bundles including bilateral inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF), bilateral uncinate fasciculus (UF), and the corpus callosum (CC) was shown in MDD with prior SA, compared to MDD without prior SA and HC. Decreased FA was also found in bilateral IFOF, bilateral UF, and CC, as well as other WM bundles, in BD with prior SA, compared to BD without prior SA and HC. Significant diagnostic group by SA effects were shown in bilateral thalami with lowest mean FA values in MDD with prior SA. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the involvement of structural alterations in suicide attempts in major affective disorders. Shared and distinct structural alterations were shown in MDD and BD with prior SA, suggesting common and differential neural pathways for suicide among major affective disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Wei
- Brain Function Research Section, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China; Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Fay Y Womer
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Elliot K Edmiston
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ran Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Jiang
- Brain Function Research Section, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China; Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Lingtao Kong
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yifang Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China; Department of Geriatric Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yanqing Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China; Department of Geriatric Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Fei Wang
- Brain Function Research Section, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China; Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China; Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.
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17
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Weidacker K, Johnston SJ, Mullins PG, Boy F, Dymond S. Impulsive decision-making and gambling severity: The influence of γ-amino-butyric acid (GABA) and glutamate-glutamine (Glx). Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 32:36-46. [PMID: 31901336 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.12.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Discounting larger, delayed rewards for smaller, immediate rewards is a stable psychological trait known to be impaired in gambling disorder (GD). Neuroimaging with non-GD populations indicates involvement of anterior cingulate (ACC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) in delay discounting. However, little is known about the role of intrinsic properties of brain functioning, such as neurotransmitter action, in impaired discounting in GD. Here, we used magnetic resonance spectroscopy to assess glutamate-glutamine (Glx) and γ-amino-butyric acid (GABA+) concentrations in the dorsal ACC (dACC), dlPFC and occipital cortex of human males with and without GD. Gambling symptom severity correlated negatively with Glx levels in the dACC and occipital voxels. Discounting of small and medium delayed rewards was negatively associated with GABA+ in the dACC, while the discounting of large delayed rewards was negatively associated with GABA+/Glx ratios in the dlPFC. Additionally, in GD, discounting of large delayed rewards was negatively correlated with occipital GABA+ levels. Overall, these findings show that high gambling symptom severity is associated with low levels of Glx and that dACC (GABA+), right dlPFC (GABA+/Glx), and occipital areas (GABA+) track the magnitude of delayed rewards during discounting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Weidacker
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Singleton Campus, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Box 189, Level E4, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Johnston
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Singleton Campus, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Paul G Mullins
- School of Psychology, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2AS, United Kingdom
| | - Fred Boy
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Singleton Campus, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom; School of Management, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea SA1 8EN, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Dymond
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Singleton Campus, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, Reykjavík University, Menntavegur 1, Nauthólsvík, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland.
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18
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Abstract
Purpose of Review To address variation in the severity of gambling disorder, this review evaluates the contribution of mesocorticolimbic dopamine neurons to potential behavioral endophenotypes, the influence of individual differences in the dopamine system on gambling and related behaviors, and the possible role for dopaminergic medications in the treatment of gambling disorder. Recent Findings Newer work has suggested that dopaminergic dysfunction can lead to increased reward anticipation and a greater sensitivity to uncertainty, which in turn may drive addictive gambling behaviors. In addition, increased impulsivity, a well-recognized risk factor for gambling disorder, has been linked to dopaminergic dysfunction. More recently, emerging evidence has suggested that dopaminergic medications can influence the discounting of delayed rewards. Summary Dopaminergic drugs that increase the salience of long-term over short-term goals may ameliorate symptoms of impulsive individuals with gambling disorder. More broadly, improved understanding of intermediate behavioral and other phenotypes with a defined neurobiological substrate may allow for personalized treatment of gambling disorder and other psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Kayser
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco
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19
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An Overview of the Neurobiology of Impulsivity in Gambling and Gaming Disorder. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40473-019-00190-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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Lopez-Guzman S, Konova AB, Glimcher PW. Computational psychiatry of impulsivity and risk: how risk and time preferences interact in health and disease. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20180135. [PMID: 30966919 PMCID: PMC6335456 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Choice impulsivity is an important subcomponent of the broader construct of impulsivity and is a key feature of many psychiatric disorders. Choice impulsivity is typically quantified as temporal discounting, a well-documented phenomenon in which a reward's subjective value diminishes as the delay to its delivery is increased. However, an individual's proclivity to-or more commonly aversion to- risk can influence nearly all of the standard experimental tools available for measuring temporal discounting. Despite this interaction, risk preference is a behaviourally and neurobiologically distinct construct that relates to the economic notion of utility or subjective value. In this opinion piece, we discuss the mathematical relationship between risk preferences and time preferences, their neural implementation, and propose ways that research in psychiatry could, and perhaps should, aim to account for this relationship experimentally to better understand choice impulsivity and its clinical implications. This article is part of the theme issue 'Risk taking and impulsive behaviour: fundamental discoveries, theoretical perspectives and clinical implications'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Lopez-Guzman
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias (NeURos), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia
| | - Anna B. Konova
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University Behavioral Health Care (UBHC), and the Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Paul W. Glimcher
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
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21
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Abstract
The National Institute of Mental Health launched the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative to better understand dimensions of behavior and identify targets for treatment. Examining dimensions across psychiatric illnesses has proven challenging, as reliable behavioral paradigms that are known to engage specific neural circuits and translate across diagnostic populations are scarce. Delay discounting paradigms seem to be an exception: they are useful for understanding links between neural systems and behavior in healthy individuals, with potential for assessing how these mechanisms go awry in psychiatric illnesses. This article reviews relevant literature on delay discounting (or the rate at which the value of a reward decreases as the delay to receipt increases) in humans, including methods for examining it, its putative neural mechanisms, and its application in psychiatric research. There exist rigorous and reproducible paradigms to evaluate delay discounting, standard methods for calculating discount rate, and known neural systems probed by these paradigms. Abnormalities in discounting have been associated with psychopathology ranging from addiction (with steep discount rates indicating relative preference for immediate rewards) to anorexia nervosa (with shallow discount rates indicating preference for future rewards). The latest research suggests that delay discounting can be manipulated in the laboratory. Extensively studied in cognitive neuroscience, delay discounting assesses a dimension of behavior that is important for decision-making and is linked to neural substrates and to psychopathology. The question now is whether manipulating delay discounting can yield clinically significant changes in behavior that promote health. If so, then delay discounting could deliver on the RDoC promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina M Lempert
- Department of Psychology,University of Pennsylvania,Philadelphia, PA,USA
| | - Joanna E Steinglass
- Department of Psychiatry,Columbia University Medical Center,New York, NY,USA
| | - Anthony Pinto
- Department of Psychiatry,Columbia University Medical Center,New York, NY,USA
| | - Joseph W Kable
- Department of Psychology,University of Pennsylvania,Philadelphia, PA,USA
| | - Helen Blair Simpson
- Department of Psychiatry,Columbia University Medical Center,New York, NY,USA
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22
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Kim B, Im HI. The role of the dorsal striatum in choice impulsivity. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1451:92-111. [PMID: 30277562 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
It has long been recognized that the dorsal striatum is an essential brain region for control of action selection based on action-outcome contingency learning, particularly when the available actions are bound to rewarding outcomes. In principle, intertemporal choice in the delay-discounting task-a validated measure of choice impulsivity-involves reward-associated actions that require the recruitment of the dorsal striatum. Here, we conjecture about ways the dorsal striatum is involved in choice impulsivity. Based on a selective body of studies, we begin with a brief history of research on choice impulsivity and the dorsal striatum, and then provide a comprehensive summary of contemporary studies utilizing human neuroimaging and animal models to search for links between choice impulsivity and the dorsal striatum. In particular, we discuss in-depth the converging evidence for the associations of choice impulsivity with the reward valuation coded by the caudate, a ventral-to-dorsal gradient in the dorsal striatum, the origins of striatal afferents, and developmental maturation of frontostriatal connectivity during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- BaekSun Kim
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heh-In Im
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
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23
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Balodis IM, Linnet J, Arshad F, Worhunsky PD, Stevens MC, Pearlson GD, Potenza MN. Relating neural processing of reward and loss prospect to risky decision-making in individuals with and without Gambling Disorder. INTERNATIONAL GAMBLING STUDIES 2018; 18:269-285. [PMID: 31485192 DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2018.1469658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies demonstrate alterations in fronto-striatal neurocircuitry in gambling disorder (GD) during anticipatory processing, which may influence decision-making impairments. However, to date little is known about fronto-striatal anticipatory processing and emotion-based decision-making. While undergoing neuroimaging, 28 GD and 28 healthy control (HC) participants performed the Monetary Incentive Delay Task (MIDT). Pearson correlation coefficients assessed out-of-scanner Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) performance with the neural activity during prospect (A1) processing on the MIDT across combined GD and HC groups. The HC and GD groups showed no significant difference in out-of-scanner IGT performance, although there was a trend for higher IGT scores in the HC group on the last two IGT trial blocks. Whole-brain correlations across combined HC and GD groups showed that MIDT BOLD signal in the ventral striatum/caudate/ventromedial prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate regions during the prospect of winning positively correlated with total IGT scores. The GD group also contained a higher proportion of tobacco smokers, and correlations between neural activations in prospect on the MIDT may relate in part to gambling and/or smoking pathology. In this study, fronto-striatal activity during the prospect of reward and loss on the MIDT was related to decision-making on the IGT, with blunted activation linked to disadvantageous decision-making. The findings from this work are novel in linking brain activity during a prospect-of-reward phase with performance on a decision-making task in individuals with and without GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris M Balodis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Peter Boris Centre for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jakob Linnet
- Research Clinic on Gambling Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Fiza Arshad
- Peter Boris Centre for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Patrick D Worhunsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael C Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Institute of Living/Hartford Hospital & Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Godfrey D Pearlson
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Institute of Living/Hartford Hospital & Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Hartford, CT, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
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24
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Smith BJ, Monterosso JR, Wakslak CJ, Bechara A, Read SJ. A meta-analytical review of brain activity associated with intertemporal decisions: Evidence for an anterior-posterior tangibility axis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 86:85-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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25
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Worhunsky PD, Potenza MN, Rogers RD. Alterations in functional brain networks associated with loss-chasing in gambling disorder and cocaine-use disorder. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 178:363-371. [PMID: 28697386 PMCID: PMC5551408 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Continued, persistent gambling to recover accumulating losses, or 'loss-chasing', is a behavioral pattern linked particularly closely to gambling disorder (GD) but may reflect impaired decision-making processes relevant to drug addictions like cocaine-use disorder (CUD). However, little is known regarding the neurocognitive mechanisms of this complex, maladaptive behavior, particularly in individuals with addictive disorders. METHODS Seventy participants (25 GD, 18 CUD, and 27 healthy comparison (HC)) completed a loss-chase task during fMRI. Engagement of functional brain networks in response to losing outcomes and during decision-making periods preceding choices to loss-chase or to quit chasing losses were investigated using independent component analysis (ICA). An exploratory factor analysis was performed to examine patterns of coordinated engagement across identified networks. RESULTS In GD relative to HC and CUD participants, choices to quit chasing were associated with greater engagement of a medial frontal executive-processing network. By comparison, CUD participants exhibited altered engagement of a striato-amygdala motivational network in response to losing outcomes as compared to HC, and during decision-making as compared to GD. Several other networks were differentially engaged during loss-chase relative to quit-chasing choices, but did not differ across participant groups. Exploratory factor analysis identified a system of coordinated activity across prefrontal executive-control networks that was greater in GD and CUD relative to HC participants and was associated with increased chasing persistence across all participants. CONCLUSIONS Results provide evidence of shared and distinct neurobiological mechanisms in substance and behavioral addictions, and lend insight into potential cognitive interventions targeting loss-chasing behavior in GD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA,Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA,Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA,National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA,Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Robert D. Rogers
- School of Psychology, Adeilad Brigantia, Bangor, North Wales (RDR)
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26
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An adaptive, individualized fMRI delay discounting procedure to increase flexibility and optimize scanner time. Neuroimage 2017; 161:56-66. [PMID: 28803942 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the rate at which people discount the value of future rewards has become increasingly prevalent as discount rate has been shown to be associated with many unhealthy patterns of behavior such as drug abuse, gambling, and overeating. fMRI research points to a fronto-parietal-limbic pathway that is active during decisions between smaller amounts of money now and larger amounts available after a delay. Researchers in this area have used different variants of delay discounting tasks and reported various contrasts between choice trials of different types from these tasks. For instance, researchers have compared 1) choices of delayed monetary amounts to choices of the immediate monetary amounts, 2) 'hard' choices made near one's point of indifference to 'easy' choices that require little thought, and 3) trials where an immediate choice is available versus trials where one is unavailable, regardless of actual eventual choice. These differences in procedure and analysis make comparison of results across studies difficult. In the present experiment, we designed a delay discounting task with the intended capability of being able to construct contrasts of all three comparisons listed above while optimizing scanning time to reduce costs and avoid participant fatigue. This was accomplished with an algorithm that customized the choice trials presented to each participant with the goal of equalizing choice trials of each type. We compared this task, which we refer to here as the individualized discounting task (IDT), to two other delay discounting tasks previously reported in the literature (McClure et al., 2004; Amlung et al., 2014) in 18 participants. Results show that the IDT can examine each of the three contrasts mentioned above, while yielding a similar degree of activation as the reference tasks. This suggests that this new task could be used in delay discounting fMRI studies to allow researchers to more easily compare their results to a majority of previous research while minimizing scanning duration.
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Frost R, McNaughton N. The neural basis of delay discounting: A review and preliminary model. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 79:48-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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28
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Neural correlates of cognitive control in gambling disorder: a systematic review of fMRI studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 78:104-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Wang Z, Liang S, Yu S, Xie T, Wang B, Wang J, Li Y, Shan B, Cui C. Distinct Roles of Dopamine Receptors in the Lateral Thalamus in a Rat Model of Decisional Impulsivity. Neurosci Bull 2017; 33:413-422. [PMID: 28585114 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-017-0146-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The thalamus and central dopamine signaling have been shown to play important roles in high-level cognitive processes including impulsivity. However, little is known about the role of dopamine receptors in the thalamus in decisional impulsivity. In the present study, rats were tested using a delay discounting task and divided into three groups: high impulsivity (HI), medium impulsivity (MI), and low impulsivity (LI). Subsequent in vivo voxel-based magnetic resonance imaging revealed that the HI rats displayed a markedly reduced density of gray matter in the lateral thalamus compared with the LI rats. In the MI rats, the dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390 or the D2 receptor antagonist eticlopride was microinjected into the lateral thalamus. SCH23390 significantly decreased their choice of a large, delayed reward and increased their omission of lever presses. In contrast, eticlopride increased the choice of a large, delayed reward but had no effect on the omissions. Together, our results indicate that the lateral thalamus is involved in decisional impulsivity, and dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in the lateral thalamus have distinct effects on decisional impulsive behaviors in rats. These results provide a new insight into the dopamine signaling in the lateral thalamus in decisional impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Wang
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.,Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, The Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shengxiang Liang
- Division of Nuclear Technology and Applications, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shuangshuang Yu
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.,Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, The Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Tong Xie
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.,Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, The Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Baicheng Wang
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.,Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, The Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Junkai Wang
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.,Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, The Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yijing Li
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.,Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, The Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Baoci Shan
- Division of Nuclear Technology and Applications, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Cailian Cui
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China. .,Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China. .,Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, The Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Beijing, 100191, China.
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30
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Imperatori C, Innamorati M, Bersani FS, Imbimbo F, Pompili M, Contardi A, Farina B. The Association among Childhood Trauma, Pathological Dissociation and Gambling Severity in Casino Gamblers. Clin Psychol Psychother 2015; 24:203-211. [DOI: 10.1002/cpp.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Maurizio Pompili
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
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Banz BC, Yip SW, Yau YHC, Potenza MN. Behavioral addictions in addiction medicine: from mechanisms to practical considerations. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2015; 223:311-28. [PMID: 26806783 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress has been made in our understanding of nonsubstance or "behavioral" addictions, although these conditions and their most appropriate classification remain debated and the knowledge basis for understanding the pathophysiology of and treatments for these conditions includes important gaps. Recent developments include the classification of gambling disorder as a "Substance-Related and Addictive Disorder" in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) and proposed diagnostic criteria for Internet Gaming Disorder in Section 3 of DSM-5. This chapter reviews current neuroscientific understandings of behavioral addictions and the potential of neurobiological data to assist in the development of improved policy, prevention, and treatment efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara C Banz
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sarah W Yip
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yvonne H C Yau
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Montreal Neurological Institute, 3801 Rue University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Child Study Center, and CASA Columbia, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Connecticut Mental Health Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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32
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Abstract
Gambling disorder recently was reclassified under the category “substance-related and addictive disorders.” With regard to the diagnostic criteria, it overlaps a great deal with substance use disorder, i.e., loss of control, craving/withdrawal, and neglect of other areas of life. However, the gambling disorder symptom “chasing one’s losses” is the only criterion absent from substance use disorder. Therefore, special forms of reward (i.e., gain/loss) processing, such as the processing of loss avoidance and loss aversion, have just recently attracted attention among gambling disorder researchers. Because gambling disorder might be considered an addiction in its “pure” form, i.e., without the influence of a drug of abuse, investigating brain volume changes in people with this behavioral addiction is an important task for neuroimaging researchers in exploring the neural signatures of addiction. Because the brain is a complex network, investigation of alterations in functional connectivity has gained interest among gambling disorder researchers in order to get a more complete picture of functional brain changes in people with gambling disorder. However, only a few studies on brain structure and functional connectivity in gambling disorder have been performed so far. This review focuses on brain imaging studies of reward and loss processing, with an emphasis on loss avoidance and aversion as well as brain volume and functional connectivity in gambling disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Quester
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Romanczuk-Seiferth
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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33
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Wiggins JL, Adleman NE, Kim P, Oakes AH, Hsu D, Reynolds RC, Chen G, Pine DS, Brotman MA, Leibenluft E. Developmental differences in the neural mechanisms of facial emotion labeling. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2015; 11:172-81. [PMID: 26245836 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsv101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a time of increased risk for the onset of psychological disorders associated with deficits in face emotion labeling. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine age-related differences in brain activation while adolescents and adults labeled the emotion on fearful, happy and angry faces of varying intensities [0% (i.e. neutral), 50%, 75%, 100%]. Adolescents and adults did not differ on accuracy to label emotions. In the superior temporal sulcus, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and middle temporal gyrus, adults show an inverted-U-shaped response to increasing intensities of fearful faces and a U-shaped response to increasing intensities of happy faces, whereas adolescents show the opposite patterns. In addition, adults, but not adolescents, show greater inferior occipital gyrus activation to negative (angry, fearful) vs positive (happy) emotions. In sum, when subjects classify subtly varying facial emotions, developmental differences manifest in several 'ventral stream' brain regions. Charting the typical developmental course of the brain mechanisms of socioemotional processes, such as facial emotion labeling, is an important focus for developmental psychopathology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Lee Wiggins
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA,
| | - Nancy E Adleman
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, Department of Psychology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C., 20064, USA
| | - Pilyoung Kim
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80208, USA, and
| | - Allison H Oakes
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Derek Hsu
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard C Reynolds
- Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gang Chen
- Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel S Pine
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Melissa A Brotman
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ellen Leibenluft
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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