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Morgan WH, Palmer SCF, Lambin X. Mating system induced lags in rates of range expansion for different simulated mating systems and dispersal strategies: a modelling study. Oecologia 2024; 204:119-132. [PMID: 38172416 PMCID: PMC10830608 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05492-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Mismatches between current and potential species distributions are commonplace due to lags in the response of populations to changing environmental conditions. The prevailing mating system may contribute to such lags where it leads to mating failure at the range edge, but how active dispersers might mitigate these lags using social information to inform dispersal strategies warrants greater exploration. We used an individual-based model to explore how different mating systems for species that actively search for habitat can impose a filter on the ability to colonise empty, fragmented landscapes, and explored how using social information during dispersal can mitigate the lags caused by more constrained mating systems. The mate-finding requirements implemented in two-sex models consistently led to slower range expansion compared to those that were not mate limited (i.e., female only models), even when mating was polygynous. A mate-search settlement strategy reduced the proportion of unmated females at the range edge but had little impact on rate of spread. In contrast, a negative density-dependent settlement strategy resulted in much faster spread, which could be explained by a greater number of long-distance dispersal events. Our findings suggest that even low rates of mating failure at the range edge can lead to considerable lags in range expansion, though dispersal strategies that favour colonising more distant, sparsely occupied habitat patches may effectively mitigate these lags.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Morgan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, UK.
| | - S C F Palmer
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - X Lambin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, UK
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2
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Morgan EJ, Kaiser-Bunbury CN, Edwards PJ, Fleischer-Dogley F, Kettle CJ. Mate-choice for close kin is associated with improved offspring survival in Lodoicea maldivica, the largest-seeded plant in the world. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15305. [PMID: 37723314 PMCID: PMC10507110 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41419-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied spatial patterns of kinship in the offspring of the endangered Lodoicea maldivica, a dioecious palm that produces the largest seed of any plant. Previous research has suggested that restricted seed and pollen dispersal in populations resulted in strong spatial genetic structure. We used microsatellites to genotype young plants and their potential parents at four sites across the species' entire natural range. We determined the most likely parents of each young plant based on the spatial separation of each parent pair, their genetic relatedness, and the level of correlated paternity. We identified both parents (43 female, 54 male) for 139 of 493 young plants. Mean distance between parental pairs was 26.8 m. Correlated paternity was low (0.168), indicating that mother trees were often pollinated by several fathers. Parental pairs were more closely related than expected by chance, suggesting outbreeding depression. Our results highlight the apparent strong mate choice for close kin in parent pairs of surviving offspring. We discuss the alternative biological processes that could lead to this, including the potential for break-up of favourable allelic combinations necessary for the development of the palm's very large seed. Management implications include germinating seeds where they naturally fall, using a diverse range of male plants as pollen donors for hand pollination, and protecting the native community of gecko pollinators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Morgan
- ITES-Ecosystem Management, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Christopher N Kaiser-Bunbury
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, UK
| | - Peter J Edwards
- IBZ-Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Chris J Kettle
- ITES-Ecosystem Management, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
- Bioversity International, Via di San Domenico 1, 00153, Rome, Italy
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3
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Olsen KC, Levitan DR. Interpopulation variation in inbreeding is primarily driven by tolerance of mating with relatives in a spermcasting invertebrate. J Evol Biol 2023; 36:95-108. [PMID: 36420993 PMCID: PMC10098478 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The degree to which individuals inbreed is a fundamental aspect of population biology shaped by both passive and active processes. Yet, the relative influences of random and non-random mating on the overall magnitude of inbreeding are not well characterized for many taxa. We quantified variation in inbreeding among qualitatively accessible and isolated populations of a sessile marine invertebrate (the colonial ascidian Lissoclinum verrilli) in which hermaphroditic colonies cast sperm into the water column for subsequent uptake and internal fertilization. We compared estimates of inbreeding to simulations predicting random mating within sites to evaluate if levels of inbreeding were (1) less than expected because of active attempts to limit inbreeding, (2) as predicted by genetic subdivision and passive inbreeding tolerance, or (3) greater than simulations due to active attempts to promote inbreeding via self-fertilization or a preference for related mates. We found evidence of restricted gene flow and significant differences in the genetic diversity of L. verrilli colonies among sites, indicating that on average colonies were weakly related in accessible locations, but their levels of relatedness matched that of first cousins or half-siblings on isolated substrates. Irrespective of population size, progeny arrays revealed variation in the magnitude of inbreeding across sites that tracked with the mean relatedness of conspecifics. Biparental reproduction was confirmed in most offspring (86%) and estimates of total inbreeding largely overlapped with simulations of random mating, suggesting that interpopulation variation in mother-offspring resemblance was primarily due to genetic subdivision and passive tolerance of related mates. Our results highlight the influence of demographic isolation on the genetic composition of populations, and support theory predicting that tolerance of biparental inbreeding, even when mates are closely related, may be favoured under a broad set of ecological and evolutionary conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Olsen
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Don R Levitan
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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4
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Davidian E, Höner OP. Kinship and similarity drive coordination of breeding-group choice in male spotted hyenas. Biol Lett 2022; 18:20220402. [PMID: 36514956 PMCID: PMC9748768 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2022.0402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
When and where animals reproduce influences the social, demographic and genetic properties of the groups and populations they live in. We examined the extent to which male spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) coordinate their breeding-group choice. We tested whether their propensity to settle in the same group is shaped by passive processes driven by similarities in their socio-ecological background and genotype or by an adaptive process driven by kin selection. We compared the choices of 148 pairs of same-cohort males that varied in similarity and kinship. We found strong support for both processes. Coordination was highest (70% of pairs) for littermates, who share most cumulative similarity, lower (36%) among peers born in the same group to different mothers, and lowest (7%) among strangers originating from different groups and mothers. Consistent with the kin selection hypothesis, the propensity to choose the same group was density dependent for full siblings and close kin, but not distant kin. Coordination increased as the number of breeding females and male competitors in social groups increased, i.e. when costs of kin competition over mates decreased and benefits of kin cooperation increased. Our results contrast with the traditional view that breeding-group choice and dispersal are predominantly solitary processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve Davidian
- Ngorongoro Hyena Project, Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Oliver P. Höner
- Ngorongoro Hyena Project, Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Arusha, Tanzania
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin 10315, Germany
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5
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Giuntini S, Pedruzzi L. Sex and the patch: the influence of habitat fragmentation on terrestrial vertebrates’ mating strategies. ETHOL ECOL EVOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2022.2059787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Giuntini
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Via Alessandro Volta 6, Pisa 56126, Italy
- Environmental Analysis and Management Unit, Guido Tosi Research Group, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Luca Pedruzzi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Via Alessandro Volta 6, Pisa 56126, Italy
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6
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Cheplick GP. Philomatry in plants: why do so many species have limited seed dispersal? AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2022; 109:29-45. [PMID: 34679185 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Many have noted limited seed dispersal of plants in diverse environments and attempted evolutionary explanations for it. Although philopatric ("love of fatherland") is used by zoologists to describe organisms that remain near their place of origin, philomatric ("love of motherland") is proposed as more appropriate for plants because seeds develop on the maternal parent, fecundity and dispersal are maternally influenced characteristics, and the term dovetails with the mother-site hypothesis (MSH) for the evolution of restricted dispersal. Proximate reasons for philomatry include intrinsic drivers such as morphological features of diaspores and where on the maternal parent they are produced. Extrinsic drivers include local environmental conditions, surrounding vegetation, and ineffective dispersal agents. The MSH proposes that selection should favor philomatry in a population adapted to a particular habitat because offspring will likewise be adapted to that same habitat. Several studies show philomatry can mitigate distance-dependent costs of dispersing into surrounding inhospitable areas. Undispersed diaspores can eliminate energetic costs of accessory structures or biochemicals needed by dispersible diaspores, but it is unclear whether these costs are significant to the evolution of philomatry. Disadvantages of limited dispersal are inability to escape deteriorating habitat conditions, inability to colonize new habitats, and inbreeding among offspring. Heterocarpic species offset these disadvantages by producing dispersed plus undispersed diaspores. A conceptual framework is presented relating dispersal distance to the probability of seedling establishment. Future research should recognize dispersal as a covarying syndrome of multiple life history traits and focus on ecological selection agents that favor philomatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory P Cheplick
- Biology Program, Plant Science Subprogram, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA
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7
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Camus C, Solas M, Martínez C, Vargas J, Garcés C, Gil-Kodaka P, Ladah LB, Serrão EA, Faugeron S. Mates Matter: Gametophyte Kinship Recognition and Inbreeding in the Giant Kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2021; 57:711-725. [PMID: 33583038 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Inbreeding, the mating between genetically related individuals, often results in reduced survival and fecundity of offspring, relative to outcrossing. Yet, high inbreeding rates are commonly observed in seaweeds, suggesting compensatory reproductive traits may affect the costs and benefits of the mating system. We experimentally manipulated inbreeding levels in controlled crossing experiments, using gametophytes from 19 populations of Macrocystis pyrifera along its Eastern Pacific coastal distribution (EPC). The objective was to investigate the effects of male-female kinship on female fecundity and fertility, to estimate inbreeding depression in the F1 progeny, and to assess the variability of these effects among different regions and habitats of the EPC. Results revealed that the presence and kinship of males had a significant effect on fecundity and fertility of female gametophytes. Females left alone or in the presence of sibling males express the highest gametophyte size, number, and size of oogonia, suggesting they were able to sense the presence and the identity of their mates before gamete contact. The opposite trend was observed for the production of embryos per female gametes, indicating higher costs of selfing and parthenogenesis than outcrossing on fertility. However, the increased fecundity compensated for the reduced fertility, leading to a stable overall reproductive output. Inbreeding also affected morphological traits of juvenile sporophytes, but not their heatwave tolerance. The male-female kinship effect was stronger in high-latitude populations, suggesting that females from low-latitude marginal populations might have evolved to mate with any male gamete to guarantee reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Camus
- Centro i~mar and CeBiB, Universidad de Los Lagos, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Maribel Solas
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Jaime Vargas
- Centro i~mar, Universidad de Los Lagos, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | | | | | - Lydia B Ladah
- Department of Biological Oceanography, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, México
| | | | - Sylvain Faugeron
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- UMI3614 Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Universidad Austral de Chile, Roscoff, France
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8
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Zhang K, Baskin JM, Baskin CC, Cheplick GP, Yang X, Huang Z. Amphicarpic plants: definition, ecology, geographic distribution, systematics, life history, evolution and use in agriculture. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:1442-1466. [PMID: 32462729 PMCID: PMC7540684 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although most plants produce all of their fruits (seeds) aboveground, amphicarpic species produce fruits (seeds) both above‐ and belowground. Our primary aims were to determine the number of reported amphicarpic species and their taxonomic, geographic, life form and phylogenetic distribution, to evaluate differences in the life history of plants derived from aerial and subterranean seeds, to discuss the ecological and evolutionary significance of amphicarpy, to explore the use of amphicarpic plants in agriculture, and to suggest future research directions for studies on amphicarpy. Amphicarpy occurs in at least 67 herbaceous species (31 in Fabaceae) in 39 genera and 13 families of angiosperms distributed in various geographical regions of the world and in various habitats. Seeds from aerial and subterranean fruits differ in size/mass, degree of dormancy, dispersal and ability to form a persistent seed bank, with aerial seeds generally being smaller, more dormant and more likely to be dispersed and to form a seed bank than subterranean seeds. In addition, plants produced by aerial and subterranean seeds may differ in survival and growth, competitive ability and biomass allocation to reproduction. Amphicarpic plants may exhibit a high degree of plasticity during reproduction. Subterranean fruits are usually formed earlier than aerial ones, and plants may produce only subterranean propagules under stressful environmental conditions. Differences in the life histories of plants from aerial and subterranean seeds may be an adaptive bet‐hedging strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, P.R. China
| | - Jerry M Baskin
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Carol C Baskin
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.,Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Gregory P Cheplick
- Department of Biology, City University of New York, Staten Island, NY, 10314, USA
| | - Xuejun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, P.R. China
| | - Zhenying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, P.R. China
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9
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Olsen KC, Ryan WH, Winn AA, Kosman ET, Moscoso JA, Krueger-Hadfield SA, Burgess SC, Carlon DB, Grosberg RK, Kalisz S, Levitan DR. Inbreeding shapes the evolution of marine invertebrates. Evolution 2020; 74:871-882. [PMID: 32191349 PMCID: PMC7383701 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Inbreeding is a potent evolutionary force shaping the distribution of genetic variation within and among populations of plants and animals. Yet, our understanding of the forces shaping the expression and evolution of nonrandom mating in general, and inbreeding in particular, remains remarkably incomplete. Most research on plant mating systems focuses on self-fertilization and its consequences for automatic selection, inbreeding depression, purging, and reproductive assurance, whereas studies of animal mating systems have often assumed that inbreeding is rare, and that natural selection favors traits that promote outbreeding. Given that many sessile and sedentary marine invertebrates and marine macroalgae share key life history features with seed plants (e.g., low mobility, modular construction, and the release of gametes into the environment), their mating systems may be similar. Here, we show that published estimates of inbreeding coefficients (FIS ) for sessile and sedentary marine organisms are similar and at least as high as noted in terrestrial seed plants. We also found that variation in FIS within invertebrates is related to the potential to self-fertilize, disperse, and choose mates. The similarity of FIS for these organismal groups suggests that inbreeding could play a larger role in the evolution of sessile and sedentary marine organisms than is currently recognized. Specifically, associations between traits of marine invertebrates and FIS suggest that inbreeding could drive evolutionary transitions between hermaphroditism and separate sexes, direct development and multiphasic life cycles, and external and internal fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Olsen
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32304
| | - Will H Ryan
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294
| | - Alice A Winn
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32304
| | - Ellen T Kosman
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32304
| | - Jose A Moscoso
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794
| | | | - Scott C Burgess
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32304
| | - David B Carlon
- The Biology Department, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine, 04011.,Schiller Coastal Studies Center, Bowdoin College, Orr's Island, Maine, 04066
| | - Richard K Grosberg
- Coastal and Marine Sciences Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616
| | - Susan Kalisz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996
| | - Don R Levitan
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32304
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10
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Lesaffre T, Billiard S. The joint evolution of lifespan and self‐fertilization. J Evol Biol 2019; 33:41-56. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lesaffre
- CNRS UMR 8198 - Evo-Eco-Paleo Université de Lille Villeneuve d'Ascq France
| | - Sylvain Billiard
- CNRS UMR 8198 - Evo-Eco-Paleo Université de Lille Villeneuve d'Ascq France
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11
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Burgess SC, Sander L, Bueno M. How relatedness between mates influences reproductive success: An experimental analysis of self-fertilization and biparental inbreeding in a marine bryozoan. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:11353-11366. [PMID: 31641478 PMCID: PMC6802076 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Kin associations increase the potential for inbreeding. The potential for inbreeding does not, however, make inbreeding inevitable. Numerous factors influence whether inbreeding preference, avoidance, or tolerance evolves, and, in hermaphrodites where both self-fertilization and biparental inbreeding are possible, it remains particularly difficult to predict how selection acts on the overall inbreeding strategy, and to distinguish the type of inbreeding when making inferences from genetic markers. Therefore, we undertook an empirical analysis on an understudied type of mating system (spermcast mating in the marine bryozoan, Bugula neritina) that provides numerous opportunities for inbreeding preference, avoidance, and tolerance. We created experimental crosses, containing three generations from two populations to estimate how parental reproductive success varies across parental relatedness, ranging from self, siblings, and nonsiblings from within the same population. We found that the production of viable selfed offspring was extremely rare (only one colony produced three selfed offspring) and biparental inbreeding more common. Paternity analysis using 16 microsatellite markers confirmed outcrossing. The production of juveniles was lower for sib mating compared with nonsib mating. We found little evidence for consistent inbreeding, in terms of nonrandom mating, in adult samples collected from three populations, using multiple population genetic inferences. Our results suggest several testable hypotheses that potentially explain the overall mating and dispersal strategy in this species, including early inbreeding depression, inbreeding avoidance through cryptic mate choice, and differential dispersal distances of sperm and larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C. Burgess
- Department of Biological ScienceFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFLUSA
| | - Lisa Sander
- Department of Biological ScienceFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFLUSA
| | - Marília Bueno
- Department of Biological ScienceFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFLUSA
- Present address:
Departamento de Biologia AnimalInstituto de BiologiaUniversidade Estadual de Campinas – UNICAMPCampinasBrazil
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12
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Berjano R, Rodríguez-Castañeda NL, Ortiz PL, Ortiz MA, Arista M. The link between selfing and greater dispersibility in a heterocarpic Asteraceae. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2018; 105:2065-2074. [PMID: 30536384 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Although an evolutionary link between breeding system and dispersibility has been proposed, to date empirical data and theoretical models of plants show contrasting trends. METHODS We tested two competing hypotheses for the association between breeding systems and dispersibility in the heterocarpic Hypochaeris salzmanniana (Asteraceae) by using both an experimental approach and surveys over 2 years of five natural populations along an environmental cline with a gradient of pollinator availability. KEY RESULTS Hypochaeris salzmanniana produced two types of fruits, beaked (BF) and nonbeaked (NBF), which differ in their dispersal ability. The BF were lighter and had a lower dropping velocity and higher dispersal distance than the NBF. Potential for long-distance dispersal, measured as BF ratio per head, had high narrow-sense heritability. Greater dispersibility and selfing ability were linked at all the scales studied. Both selfed BF and NBF fruits had longer plumes and lower plume loading than outcrossed fruits, characteristics that promote farther dispersal. Natural populations with a higher percentage of self-compatible plants showed a higher BF ratio. Moreover, selfing led to a higher BF ratio than outcrossing. CONCLUSIONS The avoidance of inbreeding depression seems to be the most plausible selective pressure for the greater dispersibility traits of selfed seeds. Furthermore, the ability to modulate the BF ratio and thus the potential for long-distance dispersal of offspring based on its selfed or outcrossed origin could be advantageous, and therefore selected, under unpredictable pollination environments that favor higher dispersive selfers, which overcome both pollen limitation and inbreeding avoidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Berjano
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apdo. 1095, 41080, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Pedro L Ortiz
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apdo. 1095, 41080, Sevilla, Spain
| | - María A Ortiz
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apdo. 1095, 41080, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Montserrat Arista
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apdo. 1095, 41080, Sevilla, Spain
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13
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Hughes PW. Minimal-Risk Seed Heteromorphism: Proportions of Seed Morphs for Optimal Risk-Averse Heteromorphic Strategies. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1412. [PMID: 30327659 PMCID: PMC6174283 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Seed heteromorphism is the reproductive strategy characterized by the simultaneous production of multiple seed types. While comparing heteromorphic to monomorphic strategies is mathematically simple, there is no explicit test for assessing which ratio of seed morphs minimizes fitness variance, and hence offers a basis for comparing different heteromorphic strategies. Such a test may be particularly valuable when more than two distinct morphs are present, since many strategies may have equivalent geometric fitnesses. As noted by Gillespie (1974), in these cases avoiding rare but evolutionarily important instances of severe reductions in fitness involves the minimization of variation in fitness-i.e., risk. Here I compute the optimal proportions of two or more seed morphs for heteromorphic strategies that either: (1) minimize total fitness variance; or (2) maximize the fitness-risk ratio-i.e., the "extra" fitness accrued per unit of "extra" fitness variance. This work thereby provides a testable null hypothesis to estimate the optimal frequencies of seed morphs when multiple heteromorphic strategies have evolved in environments with severe fitness risks. Moreover, it also permits the calculation of expected seed morph frequencies when more than two seed morphs are produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. William Hughes
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
- Botanical Institute, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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14
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Rodger JG, Landi P, Hui C. Heterogeneity in local density allows a positive evolutionary relationship between self-fertilisation and dispersal. Evolution 2018; 72:1784-1800. [PMID: 30039639 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite empirical evidence for a positive relationship between dispersal and self-fertilization (selfing), theoretical work predicts that these traits should always be negatively correlated, and the Good Coloniser Syndrome of high dispersal and selfing (Cf. Baker's Law) should not evolve. Critically, previous work assumes that adult density is spatiotemporally homogeneous, so selfing results in identical offspring production for all patches, eliminating the benefit of dispersal for escaping from local resource competition. We investigate the joint evolution of dispersal and selfing in a demographically structured metapopulation model where local density is spatiotemporally heterogeneous due to extinction-recolonization dynamics. Selfing alleviates outcrossing failure due to low local density (an Allee effect) while dispersal alleviates competition through dispersal of propagules from high- to low-density patches. Because local density is spatiotemporally heterogeneous in our model, selfing does not eliminate heterogeneity in competition, so dispersal remains beneficial even under full selfing. Hence the Good Coloniser Syndrome is evolutionarily stable under a broad range of conditions, and both negative and positive relationships between dispersal and selfing are possible, depending on the environment. Our model thus accommodates positive empirical relationships between dispersal and selfing not predicted by previous theoretical work and provides additional explanations for negative relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- James G Rodger
- Theoretical Ecology Group, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.,Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Pietro Landi
- Theoretical Ecology Group, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.,Evolution and Ecology Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, 2361, Austria
| | - Cang Hui
- Theoretical Ecology Group, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.,Mathematical and Physical Biosciences, African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Muizenberg, 7945, South Africa
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15
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Brom T, Massot M, Laloi D. The sex chromosome system can influence the evolution of sex-biased dispersal. J Evol Biol 2018; 31:1377-1385. [PMID: 29927019 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Sex-biased dispersal is a much-discussed feature in literature on dispersal. Diverse hypotheses have been proposed to explain the evolution of sex-biased dispersal, a difference in dispersal rate or dispersal distance between males and females. An early hypothesis has indicated that it may rely on the difference in sex chromosomes between males and females. However, this proposal was quickly rejected without a real assessment. We propose a new perspective on this hypothesis by investigating the evolution of sex-biased dispersal when dispersal genes are sex-linked, that is when they are located on the sex chromosomes. We show that individuals of the heterogametic sex disperse relatively more than do individuals of the homogametic sex when dispersal genes are sex-linked rather than autosomal. Although such a sex-biased dispersal towards the heterogametic sex is always observed in monogamous species, the mating system and the location of dispersal genes interact to modulate sex-biased dispersal in monandry and polyandry. In the context of the multicausality of dispersal, we suggest that sex-linked dispersal genes can influence the evolution of sex-biased dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Brom
- CNRS, Univ. Lille, UMR8198-Evo-Eco-Paleo, Lille, France.,CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, iEES Paris, Paris, France
| | - Manuel Massot
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, iEES Paris, Paris, France
| | - David Laloi
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, iEES Paris, Paris, France
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16
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Végvári Z, Katona G, Vági B, Freckleton RP, Gaillard J, Székely T, Liker A. Sex-biased breeding dispersal is predicted by social environment in birds. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:6483-6491. [PMID: 30038750 PMCID: PMC6053579 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex-biased dispersal is common in vertebrates, although the ecological and evolutionary causes of sex differences in dispersal are debated. Here, we investigate sex differences in both natal and breeding dispersal distances using a large dataset on birds including 86 species from 41 families. Using phylogenetic comparative analyses, we investigate whether sex-biased natal and breeding dispersal are associated with sexual selection, parental sex roles, adult sex ratio (ASR), or adult mortality. We show that neither the intensity of sexual selection, nor the extent of sex bias in parental care was associated with sex-biased natal or breeding dispersal. However, breeding dispersal was related to the social environment since male-biased ASRs were associated with female-biased breeding dispersal. Male-biased ASRs were associated with female-biased breeding dispersal. Sex bias in adult mortality was not consistently related to sex-biased breeding dispersal. These results may indicate that the rare sex has a stronger tendency to disperse in order to find new mating opportunities. Alternatively, higher mortality of the more dispersive sex could account for biased ASRs, although our results do not give a strong support to this explanation. Whichever is the case, our findings improve our understanding of the causes and consequences of sex-biased dispersal. Since the direction of causality is not yet known, we call for future studies to identify the causal relationships linking mortality, dispersal, and ASR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Végvári
- Department of Conservation ZoologyDebrecen UniversityDebrecenHungary
- Hortobágy National Park DirectorateDebrecenHungary
| | - Gergely Katona
- Department of Evolutionary ZoologyUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
| | - Balázs Vági
- Department of Evolutionary ZoologyUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
| | | | - Jean‐Michel Gaillard
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5558 “Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive”Université de LyonVilleurbanne CedexFrance
| | - Tamás Székely
- Department of Biology and BiochemistryMilner Centre for EvolutionUniversity of BathBathUK
- Wissenschaftskolleg zu BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - András Liker
- MTA‐PE Evolutionary Ecology Research GroupUniversity of PannoniaVeszprémHungary
- Department of LimnologyUniversity of PannoniaVeszprémHungary
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17
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Peiman KS, Robinson BW. Comparative Analyses of Phenotypic Trait Covariation within and among Populations. Am Nat 2017; 190:451-468. [PMID: 28937814 DOI: 10.1086/693482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Many morphological, behavioral, physiological, and life-history traits covary across the biological scales of individuals, populations, and species. However, the processes that cause traits to covary also change over these scales, challenging our ability to use patterns of trait covariance to infer process. Trait relationships are also widely assumed to have generic functional relationships with similar evolutionary potentials, and even though many different trait relationships are now identified, there is little appreciation that these may influence trait covariation and evolution in unique ways. We use a trait-performance-fitness framework to classify and organize trait relationships into three general classes, address which ones more likely generate trait covariation among individuals in a population, and review how selection shapes phenotypic covariation. We generate predictions about how trait covariance changes within and among populations as a result of trait relationships and in response to selection and consider how these can be tested with comparative data. Careful comparisons of covariation patterns can narrow the set of hypothesized processes that cause trait covariation when the form of the trait relationship and how it responds to selection yield clear predictions about patterns of trait covariation. We discuss the opportunities and limitations of comparative approaches to evaluate hypotheses about the evolutionary causes and consequences of trait covariation and highlight the importance of evaluating patterns within populations replicated in the same and in different selective environments. Explicit hypotheses about trait relationships are key to generating effective predictions about phenotype and its evolution using covariance data.
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18
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Grossenbacher DL, Brandvain Y, Auld JR, Burd M, Cheptou PO, Conner JK, Grant AG, Hovick SM, Pannell JR, Pauw A, Petanidou T, Randle AM, Rubio de Casas R, Vamosi J, Winn A, Igic B, Busch JW, Kalisz S, Goldberg EE. Self-compatibility is over-represented on islands. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 215:469-478. [PMID: 28382619 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Because establishing a new population often depends critically on finding mates, individuals capable of uniparental reproduction may have a colonization advantage. Accordingly, there should be an over-representation of colonizing species in which individuals can reproduce without a mate, particularly in isolated locales such as oceanic islands. Despite the intuitive appeal of this colonization filter hypothesis (known as Baker's law), more than six decades of analyses have yielded mixed findings. We assembled a dataset of island and mainland plant breeding systems, focusing on the presence or absence of self-incompatibility. Because this trait enforces outcrossing and is unlikely to re-evolve on short timescales if it is lost, breeding system is especially likely to reflect the colonization filter. We found significantly more self-compatible species on islands than mainlands across a sample of > 1500 species from three widely distributed flowering plant families (Asteraceae, Brassicaceae and Solanaceae). Overall, 66% of island species were self-compatible, compared with 41% of mainland species. Our results demonstrate that the presence or absence of self-incompatibility has strong explanatory power for plant geographical patterns. Island floras around the world thus reflect the role of a key reproductive trait in filtering potential colonizing species in these three plant families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dena L Grossenbacher
- Department of Biology, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93407, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Yaniv Brandvain
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Josh R Auld
- Department of Biology, West Chester University, West Chester, PA, 19383, USA
| | - Martin Burd
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Pierre-Olivier Cheptou
- CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valery Montpellier, EPHE, CEFE, 34293, Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Jeffrey K Conner
- Kellogg Biological Station and Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI, 49060, USA
| | - Alannie G Grant
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Stephen M Hovick
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - John R Pannell
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anton Pauw
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Theodora Petanidou
- Laboratory of Biogeography and Ecology, Department of Geography, University of the Aegean, 81100, Mytilene, Lesvos, Greece
| | - April M Randle
- Department of Environmental Science, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94117, USA
| | - Rafael Rubio de Casas
- Departmento Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, UGR, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Jana Vamosi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 1N4
| | - Alice Winn
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Boris Igic
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Jeremiah W Busch
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Susan Kalisz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Emma E Goldberg
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
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19
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Iritani R, Cheptou PO. Joint evolution of differential seed dispersal and self-fertilization. J Evol Biol 2017; 30:1526-1543. [PMID: 28543965 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Differential seed dispersal, in which selfed and outcrossed seeds possess different dispersal propensities, represents a potentially important individual-level association. A variety of traits can mediate differential seed dispersal, including inflorescence and seed size variation. However, how natural selection shapes such associations is poorly known. Here, we developed theoretical models for the evolution of mating system and differential seed dispersal in metapopulations, incorporating heterogeneous pollination, dispersal cost, cost of outcrossing and environment-dependent inbreeding depression. We considered three models. In the 'fixed dispersal model', only selfing rate is allowed to evolve. In the 'fixed selfing model', in which selfing is fixed but differential seed dispersal can evolve, we showed that natural selection favours a higher, equal or lower dispersal rate for selfed seeds to that for outcrossed seeds. However, in the 'joint evolution model', in which selfing and dispersal can evolve together, evolution necessarily leads to higher or equal dispersal rate for selfed seeds compared to that for outcrossed. Further comparison revealed that outcrossed seed dispersal is selected against by the evolution of mixed mating or selfing, whereas the evolution of selfed seed dispersal undergoes independent processes. We discuss the adaptive significance and constraints for mating system/dispersal association.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Iritani
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - P-O Cheptou
- UMR 5175 CEFE-Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CNRS), Montpellier Cedex 05, France
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20
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Krueger‐Hadfield SA, Kollars NM, Byers JE, Greig TW, Hammann M, Murray DC, Murren CJ, Strand AE, Terada R, Weinberger F, Sotka EE. Invasion of novel habitats uncouples haplo‐diplontic life cycles. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:3801-16. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stacy A. Krueger‐Hadfield
- Grice Marine Laboratory College of Charleston 205 Fort Johnson Rd Charleston SC 29412 USA
- Department of Biology College of Charleston 66 George St. Charleston SC 29424 USA
| | - Nicole M. Kollars
- Grice Marine Laboratory College of Charleston 205 Fort Johnson Rd Charleston SC 29412 USA
- Department of Biology College of Charleston 66 George St. Charleston SC 29424 USA
| | - James E. Byers
- Odum School of Ecology University of Georgia 130 E. Green St. Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - Thomas W. Greig
- NOAA/National Ocean Service Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research 219 Fort Johnson Rd Charleston SC 29312 USA
| | - Mareike Hammann
- GEOMAR Helmholtz‐Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel Düsternbrooker Weg 20 D‐23105 Kiel Germany
| | - David C. Murray
- Grice Marine Laboratory College of Charleston 205 Fort Johnson Rd Charleston SC 29412 USA
| | - Courtney J. Murren
- Department of Biology College of Charleston 66 George St. Charleston SC 29424 USA
| | - Allan E. Strand
- Grice Marine Laboratory College of Charleston 205 Fort Johnson Rd Charleston SC 29412 USA
- Department of Biology College of Charleston 66 George St. Charleston SC 29424 USA
| | - Ryuta Terada
- Department of Fisheries Kagoshima University Shimoarata 3‐50‐20 Kagoshima City 890‐0056 Japan
| | - Florian Weinberger
- GEOMAR Helmholtz‐Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel Düsternbrooker Weg 20 D‐23105 Kiel Germany
| | - Erik E. Sotka
- Grice Marine Laboratory College of Charleston 205 Fort Johnson Rd Charleston SC 29412 USA
- Department of Biology College of Charleston 66 George St. Charleston SC 29424 USA
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21
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Davidian E, Courtiol A, Wachter B, Hofer H, Höner OP. Why do some males choose to breed at home when most other males disperse? SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1501236. [PMID: 27034982 PMCID: PMC4803491 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Dispersal is a key driver of ecological and evolutionary processes. Despite substantial efforts to explain the evolution of dispersal, we still do not fully understand why individuals of the same sex of a species vary in their propensity to disperse. The dominant hypothesis emphasizes movements and assumes that leaving home (dispersal) and staying at home (philopatry) are two alternative strategies providing different fitness. It suggests that only individuals of high phenotypic quality can pursue the most beneficial strategy; the others are left to do a "best-of-a-bad" job. An alternative hypothesis emphasizes settlement decisions and suggests that all individuals pursue a single strategy of choosing the breeding habitat or group with the highest fitness prospects; choosing the natal group (philopatry) and choosing a nonnatal group (dispersal) are then outcomes of these decisions. We tested both hypotheses using a long-term study of a free-ranging population of a group-living carnivore, the spotted hyena. We combined demographic data with data on dispersal-relevant phenotypic traits, breeding-group choice, survival, and reproductive success of 254 males. Our results contradict the best-of-a-bad-job hypothesis: philopatric males and dispersers were of similar phenotypic quality, had similar fitness, and applied similar settlement rules based on the fitness prospects in groups. Our findings demonstrate that the distribution of breeding partners can be more important in shaping dispersal patterns than the costs associated with the dispersal movement. The study provides novel insights into the processes leading to the coexistence of philopatry and dispersal within the same sex of a species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve Davidian
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, D-10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandre Courtiol
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, D-10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bettina Wachter
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, D-10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heribert Hofer
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, D-10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver P. Höner
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, D-10315 Berlin, Germany
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
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22
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Pannell JR, Auld JR, Brandvain Y, Burd M, Busch JW, Cheptou PO, Conner JK, Goldberg EE, Grant AG, Grossenbacher DL, Hovick SM, Igic B, Kalisz S, Petanidou T, Randle AM, de Casas RR, Pauw A, Vamosi JC, Winn AA. The scope of Baker's law. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 208:656-67. [PMID: 26192018 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Baker's law refers to the tendency for species that establish on islands by long-distance dispersal to show an increased capacity for self-fertilization because of the advantage of self-compatibility when colonizing new habitat. Despite its intuitive appeal and broad empirical support, it has received substantial criticism over the years since it was proclaimed in the 1950s, not least because it seemed to be contradicted by the high frequency of dioecy on islands. Recent theoretical work has again questioned the generality and scope of Baker's law. Here, we attempt to discern where the idea is useful to apply and where it is not. We conclude that several of the perceived problems with Baker's law fall away when a narrower perspective is adopted on how it should be circumscribed. We emphasize that Baker's law should be read in terms of an enrichment of a capacity for uniparental reproduction in colonizing situations, rather than of high selfing rates. We suggest that Baker's law might be tested in four different contexts, which set the breadth of its scope: the colonization of oceanic islands, metapopulation dynamics with recurrent colonization, range expansions with recurrent colonization, and colonization through species invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Pannell
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Josh R Auld
- Department of Biology, West Chester University, West Chester, PA, 19383, USA
| | - Yaniv Brandvain
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Martin Burd
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Jeremiah W Busch
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Pierre-Olivier Cheptou
- CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS, Universite de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valery Montpellier, EPHE, CEFE 34293, Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Jeffrey K Conner
- Kellogg Biological Station and Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI, 49060, USA
| | - Emma E Goldberg
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | | | | | - Stephen M Hovick
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Boris Igic
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 W Taylor St, M/C 067, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Susan Kalisz
- Department of Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Theodora Petanidou
- Laboratory of Biogeography and Ecology, Department of Geography, University of the Aegean, 81100 Mytilene, Lesvos, Greece
| | - April M Randle
- Department of Environmental Science, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94117-1049, USA
| | - Rafael Rubio de Casas
- CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS, Universite de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valery Montpellier, EPHE, CEFE 34293, Montpellier Cedex 05, France
- Departmento Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, UGR, 18071, Granada, Spain
- Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, EEZA-CSIC, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, EEZA 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - Anton Pauw
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Jana C Vamosi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N1N4, Canada
| | - Alice A Winn
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
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23
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Hargreaves AL, Bailey SF, Laird RA. Fitness declines towards range limits and local adaptation to climate affect dispersal evolution during climate-induced range shifts. J Evol Biol 2015; 28:1489-501. [PMID: 26079367 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dispersal ability will largely determine whether species track their climatic niches during climate change, a process especially important for populations at contracting (low-latitude/low-elevation) range limits that otherwise risk extinction. We investigate whether dispersal evolution at contracting range limits is facilitated by two processes that potentially enable edge populations to experience and adjust to the effects of climate deterioration before they cause extinction: (i) climate-induced fitness declines towards range limits and (ii) local adaptation to a shifting climate gradient. We simulate a species distributed continuously along a temperature gradient using a spatially explicit, individual-based model. We compare range-wide dispersal evolution during climate stability vs. directional climate change, with uniform fitness vs. fitness that declines towards range limits (RLs), and for a single climate genotype vs. multiple genotypes locally adapted to temperature. During climate stability, dispersal decreased towards RLs when fitness was uniform, but increased when fitness declined towards RLs, due to highly dispersive genotypes maintaining sink populations at RLs, increased kin selection in smaller populations, and an emergent fitness asymmetry that favoured dispersal in low-quality habitat. However, this initial dispersal advantage at low-fitness RLs did not facilitate climate tracking, as it was outweighed by an increased probability of extinction. Locally adapted genotypes benefited from staying close to their climate optima; this selected against dispersal under stable climates but for increased dispersal throughout shifting ranges, compared to cases without local adaptation. Dispersal increased at expanding RLs in most scenarios, but only increased at the range centre and contracting RLs given local adaptation to climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Hargreaves
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - S F Bailey
- Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - R A Laird
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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24
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Pannell JR. Evolution of the mating system in colonizing plants. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:2018-37. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John R. Pannell
- Department of Ecology and Evolution; University of Lausanne; Biophore Building 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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25
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Astegiano J, Guimarães PR, Cheptou PO, Vidal MM, Mandai CY, Ashworth L, Massol F. Persistence of Plants and Pollinators in the Face of Habitat Loss. ADV ECOL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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26
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de Waal C, Rodger JG, Anderson B, Ellis AG. Selfing ability and dispersal are positively related, but not affected by range position: a multispecies study on southern African Asteraceae. J Evol Biol 2014; 27:950-9. [PMID: 24735437 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dispersal and breeding system traits are thought to affect colonization success. As species have attained their present distribution ranges through colonization, these traits may vary geographically. Although several theories predict associations between dispersal ability, selfing ability and the relative position of a population within its geographic range, there is little theoretical or empirical consensus on exactly how these three variables are related. We investigated relationships between dispersal ability, selfing ability and range position across 28 populations of 13 annual, wind-dispersed Asteraceae species from the Namaqualand region of South Africa. Controlling for phylogeny, relative dispersal ability--assessed from vertical fall time of fruits--was positively related to an index of autofertility--determined from hand-pollination experiments. These findings support the existence of two discrete syndromes: high selfing ability associated with good dispersal and obligate outcrossing associated with lower dispersal ability. This is consistent with the hypothesis that selection for colonization success drives the evolution of an association between these traits. However, no general effect of range position on dispersal or breeding system traits was evident. This suggests selection on both breeding system and dispersal traits acts consistently across distribution ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- C de Waal
- Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, 7601, South Africa
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Trojan Genes and Transparent Genomes: Sexual Selection, Regulatory Evolution and the Real Hopeful Monsters. Evol Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-014-9276-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Hargreaves AL, Eckert CG. Evolution of dispersal and mating systems along geographic gradients: implications for shifting ranges. Funct Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna L. Hargreaves
- Department of Biology; Queen's University; Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
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