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Zhao Y, Hu D, Wang R, Sun X, Ropelewski P, Hubler Z, Lundberg K, Wang Q, Adams DJ, Xu R, Qi X. ATAD3A oligomerization promotes neuropathology and cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease models. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1121. [PMID: 35236834 PMCID: PMC8891325 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28769-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Predisposition to Alzheimer's disease (AD) may arise from lipid metabolism perturbation, however, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we identify ATPase family AAA-domain containing protein 3A (ATAD3A), a mitochondrial AAA-ATPase, as a molecular switch that links cholesterol metabolism impairment to AD phenotypes. In neuronal models of AD, the 5XFAD mouse model and post-mortem AD brains, ATAD3A is oligomerized and accumulated at the mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs), where it induces cholesterol accumulation by inhibiting gene expression of CYP46A1, an enzyme governing brain cholesterol clearance. ATAD3A and CYP46A1 cooperate to promote APP processing and synaptic loss. Suppressing ATAD3A oligomerization by heterozygous ATAD3A knockout or pharmacological inhibition with DA1 restores neuronal CYP46A1 levels, normalizes brain cholesterol turnover and MAM integrity, suppresses APP processing and synaptic loss, and consequently reduces AD neuropathology and cognitive deficits in AD transgenic mice. These findings reveal a role for ATAD3A oligomerization in AD pathogenesis and suggest ATAD3A as a potential therapeutic target for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhao
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Di Hu
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Rihua Wang
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Philip Ropelewski
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Zita Hubler
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Kathleen Lundberg
- Proteomics Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Quanqiu Wang
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Drew J Adams
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Rong Xu
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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2
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Miao Y, Fu C, Liao M, Fang F. Differences in Liver microRNA profiling in pigs with low and high
feed efficiency. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 64:312-329. [PMID: 35530409 PMCID: PMC9039951 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Feed cost is the main factor affecting the economic benefits of pig industry.
Improving the feed efficiency (FE) can reduce the feed cost and improve the
economic benefits of pig breeding enterprises. Liver is a complex metabolic
organ which affects the distribution of nutrients and regulates the efficiency
of energy conversion from nutrients to muscle or fat, thereby affecting feed
efficiency. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that can regulate feed
efficiency through the modulation of gene expression at the post-transcriptional
level. In this study, we analyzed miRNA profiling of liver tissues in High-FE
and Low-FE pigs for the purpose of identifying key miRNAs related to feed
efficiency. A total 212~221 annotated porcine miRNAs and 136~281 novel
miRNAs were identified in the pig liver. Among them, 188 annotated miRNAs were
co-expressed in High-FE and Low-FE pigs. The 14 miRNAs were significantly
differentially expressed (DE) in the livers of high-FE pigs and low-FE pigs, of
which 5 were downregulated and 9 were upregulated. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes
and Genomes analysis of liver DE miRNAs in high-FE pigs and low-FE pigs
indicated that the target genes of DE miRNAs were significantly enriched in
insulin signaling pathway, Gonadotropin-releasing hormone signaling pathway, and
mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway. To verify the reliability of
sequencing results, 5 DE miRNAs were randomly selected for quantitative reverse
transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The qRT-PCR results of miRNAs
were confirmed to be consistent with sequencing data. DE miRNA data indicated
that liver-specific miRNAs synergistically acted with mRNAs to improve feed
efficiency. The liver miRNAs expression analysis revealed the metabolic pathways
by which the liver miRNAs regulate pig feed efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxin Miao
- College of Bioengineering,Jingchu
University of Technology, Jingmen 448000, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal
Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong
Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chuanke Fu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal
Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong
Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mingxing Liao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal
Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong
Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal
Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong
Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- National Center for International Research
on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Huazhong
Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Corresponding author: Fang Fang, Key Laboratory of
Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of
Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. Tel:
+86-278-728-2091, E-mail:
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3
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Molendijk J, Seldin MM, Parker BL. CoffeeProt: an online tool for correlation and functional enrichment of systems genetics data. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:W104-W113. [PMID: 33978718 PMCID: PMC8262721 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The integration of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and phenotypic traits across genetically diverse populations is a powerful approach to discover novel biological regulators. The increasing volume of complex data require new and easy-to-use tools accessible to a variety of scientists for the discovery and visualization of functionally relevant associations. To meet this requirement, we developed CoffeeProt, an open-source tool that analyses genetic variants associated to protein networks, other omics datatypes and phenotypic traits. CoffeeProt uses transcriptomics or proteomics data to perform correlation network analyses and annotates results with protein-protein interactions, subcellular localisations and drug associations. It then integrates genetic variants associated with gene expression (eQTLs) or protein abundance (pQTLs) and includes predictions of the potential consequences of variants on gene function. Finally, genetic variants are co-mapped to molecular or phenotypic traits either provided by the user or retrieved directly from publicly available GWAS results. We demonstrate its utility with the analysis of mouse and human population data enabling the rapid identification of genetic variants associated with druggable proteins and clinical traits. We expect that CoffeeProt will serve the systems genetics and basic science research communities, leading to the discovery of novel biologically relevant associations. CoffeeProt is available at www.coffeeprot.com.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Molendijk
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Marcus M Seldin
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Benjamin L Parker
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
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4
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Marikawa Y, Menor M, Deng Y, Alarcon VB. Regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and trophectoderm lineage specification by the mevalonate pathway in the mouse preimplantation embryo. Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 27:6156636. [PMID: 33677573 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaab015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Early embryos are vulnerable to environmental insults, such as medications taken by the mother. Due to increasing prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, more women of childbearing potential are taking cholesterol-lowering medications called statins. Previously, we showed that inhibition of the mevalonate pathway by statins impaired mouse preimplantation development, by modulating HIPPO signaling, a key regulator for trophectoderm (TE) lineage specification. Here, we further evaluated molecular events that are altered by mevalonate pathway inhibition during the timeframe of morphogenesis and cell lineage specification. Whole transcriptome analysis revealed that statin treatment dysregulated gene expression underlying multiple processes, including cholesterol biosynthesis, HIPPO signaling, cell lineage specification and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. We explored mechanisms that link the mevalonate pathway to ER stress, because of its potential impact on embryonic health and development. Upregulation of ER stress-responsive genes was inhibited when statin-treated embryos were supplemented with the mevalonate pathway product, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP). Inhibition of geranylgeranylation was sufficient to upregulate ER stress-responsive genes. However, ER stress-responsive genes were not upregulated by inhibition of ras homolog family member A (RHOA), a geranylgeranylation target, although it interfered with TE specification and blastocyst cavity formation. In contrast, inhibition of Rac family small GTPase 1 (RAC1), another geranylgeranylation target, upregulated ER stress-responsive genes, while it did not impair TE specification or cavity formation. Thus, our study suggests that the mevalonate pathway regulates cellular homeostasis (ER stress repression) and differentiation (TE lineage specification) in preimplantation embryos through GGPP-dependent activation of two distinct small GTPases, RAC1 and RHOA, respectively. Translation of the findings to human embryos and clinical settings requires further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Marikawa
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Mark Menor
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Youping Deng
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Vernadeth B Alarcon
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
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5
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Šrejber M, Navrátilová V, Paloncýová M, Bazgier V, Berka K, Anzenbacher P, Otyepka M. Membrane-attached mammalian cytochromes P450: An overview of the membrane's effects on structure, drug binding, and interactions with redox partners. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 183:117-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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6
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Paunescu A, Soare LC, Fierascu RC, Fierascu I, Ponepal MC. The Influence of Six Pesticides on Physiological Indices of Pelophylax Ridibundus (Pallas, 1771). BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 100:376-383. [PMID: 29368302 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2277-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study is to screen for morphological, biochemical and histological changes induced by six widely used pesticides (Reldan 40EC, Actara 25WG, Tilt 250EC, Champion 50WG, Fusilade Forte, Dual Gold 960EC) in the amphibian species Pelophylax ridibundus (Pallas, 1771). Highly degenerative changes were observed in animals cultured at 22-24°C, compared to those cultured at 4-6°C. The hepatosomatic index increased upon exposure to almost all of the pesticides, the erythrocyte number decreased upon exposure to all pesticides except Reldan 40EC, while leucopenia was observed only for Reldan 40EC and Actara 25WG. Hyperglycemia was observed upon administration of pesticides (except Champion 50WG and Fusilade Forte, for which hypoglycemia is registered), while a decrease in cholesterol levels was induced by nearly all pesticides. Triglycerides varied only slightly. The results suggest that chronic pesticides exposure can lead to alteration of various indices, as well as to hepatic lesions in amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Paunescu
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Pitesti, 2 Targu din Vale Street, 110040, Pitesti, Romania
| | - Liliana Cristina Soare
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Pitesti, 2 Targu din Vale Street, 110040, Pitesti, Romania
| | - Radu Claudiu Fierascu
- National Research and Development Institute for Chemistry and Petrochemistry - ICECHIM, 202 Spl. Independentei, Sect. 6, 060021, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irina Fierascu
- National Research and Development Institute for Chemistry and Petrochemistry - ICECHIM, 202 Spl. Independentei, Sect. 6, 060021, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Maria Cristina Ponepal
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Pitesti, 2 Targu din Vale Street, 110040, Pitesti, Romania
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7
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Effects of adjunctive eslicarbazepine acetate on serum lipids in patients with partial-onset seizures: Impact of concomitant statins and enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs. Epilepsy Res 2018; 141:83-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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8
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Pulitano P, Franco V, Mecarelli O, Brienza M, Davassi C, Russo E. Effects of eslicarbazepine acetate on lipid profile and sodium levels in patients with epilepsy. Seizure 2017; 53:1-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2017.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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9
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Serrano-Castro PJ, Fernández-Pérez J, López-González FJ, Toledo-Argany M, Estévez-María JC, Arjona-Padillo A, Bertol-Alegre V, Mauri-Llerda JA, Tortosa-Conesa D, Ruiz-Giménez J, Querol-Pascual R, García-Martínez A, Molto-Jorda JM, Payán-Ortiz M, Maestre-Moreno JF, Galván-Espinosa J. Eslicarbazepine acetate and carotid intima-media thickness in epileptic patients. Epilepsy Res 2017; 138:81-87. [PMID: 29096133 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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10
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Tizioto PC, Coutinho LL, Oliveira PSN, Cesar ASM, Diniz WJS, Lima AO, Rocha MI, Decker JE, Schnabel RD, Mourão GB, Tullio RR, Zerlotini A, Taylor JF, Regitano LCA. Gene expression differences in Longissimus muscle of Nelore steers genetically divergent for residual feed intake. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39493. [PMID: 28004777 PMCID: PMC5177880 DOI: 10.1038/srep39493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Residual feed intake (RFI), a measure of feed efficiency (FE), is defined as the difference between the observed and the predictable feed intake considering size and growth of the animal. It is extremely important to beef production systems due to its impact on the allocation of land areas to alternative agricultural production, animal methane emissions, food demand and cost of production. Global differential gene expression analysis between high and low RFI groups (HRFI and LRFI: less and more efficient, respectively) revealed 73 differentially expressed (DE) annotated genes in Longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle of Nelore steers. These genes are involved in the overrepresented pathways Metabolism of Xenobiotics by Cytochrome P450 and Butanoate and Tryptophan Metabolism. Among the DE transcripts were several proteins related to mitochondrial function and the metabolism of lipids. Our findings indicate that observed gene expression differences are primarily related to metabolic processes underlying oxidative stress. Genes involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics and antioxidant mechanisms were primarily down-regulated, while genes responsible for lipid oxidation and ketogenesis were up-regulated in HRFI group. By using LT muscle, this study reinforces our previous findings using liver tissue and reveals new genes and likely tissue-specific regulators playing key-roles in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polyana C Tizioto
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.,Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Luiz L Coutinho
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo/ESALQ, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Aline S M Cesar
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo/ESALQ, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wellison J S Diniz
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Andressa O Lima
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina I Rocha
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Jared E Decker
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA.,Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Robert D Schnabel
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA.,Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Gerson B Mourão
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo/ESALQ, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jeremy F Taylor
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
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11
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Lossius MI, Nakken KO, Mowinckel P, Taubøll E, Gjerstad L. Favorable change of lipid profile after carbamazepine withdrawal. Acta Neurol Scand 2016; 134:219-23. [PMID: 26592200 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients treated with carbamazepine (CBZ) have increased serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), and low-density lipoproteins (LDL). We aimed to investigate whether these changes of serum lipids are reversible after CBZ withdrawal. MATERIAL AND METHODS We used a prospective, randomized double-blinded design. A total of 160 patients who had been seizure free on anti-epileptic drug monotherapy for more than 2 years were included and randomized to withdrawal or not. The intervention was completed by 150 (80 females, 53%) patients. Serum samples from before and 4 months after completed withdrawal or no withdrawal were obtained from 130 patients (63 females, 48%). Of these, 84 were treated with CBZ, 28 with valproate, nine with phenytoin, four with phenobarbital, and five with lamotrigine. Of the patients who had been treated with CBZ, 47 were randomized to the withdrawal group, and 37 were randomized to the non-withdrawal group. RESULTS Among the CBZ-treated patients, a significant decrease in serum levels of TC, LDL, and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) were found in the withdrawal group compared with the non-withdrawal group. Mean differences in change were as follows: TC 0.68 mmol/l (P = 0.005, CL - 1.15 to -0.21); LDL - 0.67 mmol/l (P = 0.001, CL - 1.03 to -0.29); ApoB - 0.13 g/l (P = 0.02, CL - 0.23 to -0.03). No significant changes in HDL, apolipoprotein A, and C-reactive protein were detected. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that CBZ may have unfavorable effects on serum levels of TC, LDL, and ApoB. However, these changes seem to be reversible even after years of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. I. Lossius
- National Centre for Epilepsy; Division of Surgery and Clinical Neuroscience; Oslo University Hospital; Oslo Norway
| | - K. O. Nakken
- National Centre for Epilepsy; Division of Surgery and Clinical Neuroscience; Oslo University Hospital; Oslo Norway
| | - P. Mowinckel
- Department of Paediatrics; Division Woman and Child; Oslo University Hospital; Oslo Norway
| | - E. Taubøll
- Department of Neurology; Division of Surgery and Clinical Neuroscience; Oslo University Hospital; Oslo Norway
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - L. Gjerstad
- Department of Neurology; Division of Surgery and Clinical Neuroscience; Oslo University Hospital; Oslo Norway
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
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12
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Allen JW, Wolf DC, George MH, Hester SD, Sun G, Thai SF, Delker DA, Moore T, Jones C, Nelson G, Roop BC, Leavitt S, Winkfield E, Ward WO, Nesnow S. Toxicity Profiles in Mice Treated with Hepatotumorigenic and Non-Hepatotumorigenic Triazole Conazole Fungicides: Propiconazole, Triadimefon, and Myclobutanil. Toxicol Pathol 2016; 34:853-62. [PMID: 17178687 DOI: 10.1080/01926230601047816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Conazoles comprise a class of fungicides used in agriculture and as pharmaceutical products. The fungicidal properties of conazoles are due to their inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis. Certain conazoles are tumorigenic in rodents; both propiconazole and triadimefon are hepatotoxic and hepatotumorigenic in mice, while myclobutanil is not a mouse liver tumorigen. As a component of a large-scale study aimed at determining the mode(s) of action for tumorigenic conazoles, we report the results from comparative evaluations of liver and body weights, liver histopathology, cell proliferation, cytochrome P450 (CYP) activity, and serum cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein and triglyceride levels after exposure to propiconazole, triadimefon, and myclobutanil. Male CD-1 mice were treated in the feed for 4, 30, or 90 days with triadimefon (0, 100, 500, or 1800 ppm), propiconazole (0, 100, 500, or 2500 ppm) or myclobutanil (0, 100, 500, or 2000 ppm). Alkoxyresorufin O-dealkylation (AROD) assays indicated that all 3 chemicals induced similar patterns of dose-related increases in metabolizing enzyme activity. PROD activities exceeded those of MROD, and EROD with propiconazole inducing the highest activities of PROD. Mice had similar patterns of dose-dependent increases in hepatocyte hypertrophy after exposure to the 3 conazoles. High-dose exposures to propiconazole and myclobutanil, but not triadimefon, were associated with early (4 days) increases in cell proliferation. All the chemicals at high doses reduced serum cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels at 30 days of treatment, while only triadimefon had this effect at 4 days of treatment and only myclobutanil and propiconazole at 90 days of treatment. Overall, the tumorigenic and nontumorigenic conazoles induced similar effects on mouse liver CYP enzyme activities and pathology. There was no specific pattern of tissue responses that could consistently be used to differentiate the tumorigenic conazoles, propiconazole, and triadimefon, from the nontumorigenic myclobutanil. These findings serve to anchor other transcriptional profiling studies aimed at probing differences in key events and modes of action for tumorigenic and nontumorigenic conazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Allen
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA.
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13
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Mao YT, Goh E, Churilov L, McIntosh A, Ren YF, O'Brien TJ, Davis S, Dong Q, Yan B, Kwan P. White Matter Hyperintensities on Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging in People with Epilepsy: A Hospital-Based Study. CNS Neurosci Ther 2016; 22:758-63. [PMID: 27265831 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS We aim to explore whether people with epilepsy have increased white matter hyperintensities (WMHs). METHODS Eligible patients were categorized into newly diagnosed epilepsy (NE) and chronic epilepsy (CE); the latter were subdivided to those treated with enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs (EIAEDs) with or without non-enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs (NEIAEDs) and those with NEIAEDs only. WMHs were measured using age-related white matter changes (ARWMC) scale and compared between patients and healthy control group. Higher scores indicate greater WMH changes. The strengths of associations were estimated as incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS A total of 217 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 67 had NE, 45 had CE treated with NEIAEDs, and 105 had CE treated with EIAEDs. Age was positively associated with ARWMC score (IRR per year, 1.03; 95%CI, 1.03-1.04, P < 0.001). Compared with the healthy control group (n = 23), all patient groups had higher ARWMC score (P < 0.05). The difference was greatest in patients receiving EIAEDs (IRR, 2.13; 95%CI, 1.22-3.70, P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS WMHs tended to be observed in people with epilepsy, especially in those treated with EIAEDs. People with epilepsy with white matter changes should be evaluated for stroke risk, particularly if they are receiving EIAEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Mao
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Enid Goh
- Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Leonid Churilov
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,School of Mathematical and Geospatial Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Anne McIntosh
- Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,The Epilepsy Research Centre, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yi-Fan Ren
- Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Stephen Davis
- Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bernard Yan
- Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Patrick Kwan
- Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
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Mintzer S, Miller R, Shah K, Chervoneva I, Nei M, Skidmore C, Sperling MR. Long-term effect of antiepileptic drug switch on serum lipids and C-reactive protein. Epilepsy Behav 2016; 58:127-32. [PMID: 27074299 PMCID: PMC4875871 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior studies have shown that switching patients from inducing antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) to lamotrigine, levetiracetam, or topiramate reduces serum lipids and C-reactive protein (CRP). These studies were all of short duration, and some drugs, such as zonisamide, have not been investigated. METHODS We recruited 41 patients taking phenytoin or carbamazepine who were being switched to zonisamide, lamotrigine, or levetiracetam. We measured serum lipids and CRP before the switch, >6weeks after, and >6months after. An untreated control group (n=14) underwent similar measurement. We combined these data with those of our previous investigation (n=34 patients and 16 controls) of a very similar design. RESULTS There were no differences in outcome measures between the two inducing AEDs nor among the three noninducing AEDs. Total cholesterol (TC), atherogenic lipids, and CRP were higher under inducer treatment than in controls. All measures were elevated under inducer treatment relative to noninducer treatment, including TC (24mg/dL higher, 95% CI: 17.5-29.9, p<0.001) and CRP (72% higher, 95% CI: 41%-111%, p<0.001). The difference between drug treatments was clinically meaningful for atherogenic lipids (16%, 95% CI: 11%-20%, p<0.001) but small for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (5%, 95% CI: 1%-9%, p<0.05). All measures were stable between 6weeks and 6months after drug switch. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that switching from inducing to noninducing AEDs produces an enduring reduction in serum lipids and CRP. These results provide further evidence that inducing AEDs may be associated with elevated vascular disease risk. These are the first vascular risk marker data in patients taking zonisamide, which shows a profile similar to that of other noninducing AEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Mintzer
- Jefferson Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | | | | | - Inna Chervoneva
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
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Vyas MV, Davidson BA, Escalaya L, Costella J, Saposnik G, Burneo JG. Antiepileptic drug use for treatment of epilepsy and dyslipidemia: Systematic review. Epilepsy Res 2015; 113:44-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Pickl JMA, Kamel W, Ciftci S, Punga T, Akusjärvi G. Opposite expression of CYP51A1 and its natural antisense transcript AluCYP51A1 in adenovirus type 37 infected retinal pigmented epithelial cells. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:1383-8. [PMID: 25907535 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 family member CYP51A1 is a key enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis whose deregulation is implicated in numerous diseases, including retinal degeneration. Here we describe that HAdV-37 infection leads to downregulation of CYP51A1 expression and overexpression of its antisense non-coding Alu element (AluCYP51A1) in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. This change in gene expression is associated with a reversed accumulation of a positive histone mark at the CYP51A1 and AluCYP51A1 promoters. Further, transient AluCYP51A1 RNA overexpression correlates with reduced CYP51A1 mRNA accumulation. Collectively, our data suggest that AluCYP51A1 might control CYP51A1 gene expression in HAdV-37-infected RPE cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Maria Anna Pickl
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, BMC, Box 582, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Wael Kamel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, BMC, Box 582, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sibel Ciftci
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, BMC, Box 582, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tanel Punga
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, BMC, Box 582, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Göran Akusjärvi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, BMC, Box 582, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Khedkar VM, Arya N, Coutinho EC, Shishoo CJ, Jain KS. Docking study of novel antihyperlipidemic thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine; LM-1554, with some molecular targets related to hyperlipidemia - an investigation into its mechanism of action. SPRINGERPLUS 2014; 3:628. [PMID: 25392798 PMCID: PMC4221561 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
An investigation into the mechanism of antihyperlipidemic action of 2-chloromethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobenzo(b)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one (LM-1554) was carried out through docking experiments with six different molecular targets; Niemann Pick C1 Like1 protein (NPC1L1), ATP citrate lyase (ACL), C-reactive protein (CRP), lanosterol 14α-demethylase (LDM), squalene synthase (SqS) and farnesiod X-receptor (FXR) known to be implicated in the physiology of hyperlipidemia. The interactions of LM-1554 were compared with the interactions of their respective co-crystallized native ligands at the active sites of these receptors. These comparisons are based on their docking parameters, as well as, types of interactions and vicinity with various amino acids in the active site pockets. The interaction of LM-1554 with the target, NPC1L1 has been found to be the quite favourable as compared to those with the other targets assessed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay M Khedkar
- />Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, 400 098 Maharashtra India
| | - Nikhilesh Arya
- />Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sinhgad Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lonavala, Pune, 410 401 Maharashtra India
- />Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Tonk, 304 022 Rajasthan India
| | - Evans C Coutinho
- />Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, 400 098 Maharashtra India
| | - Chamanlal J Shishoo
- />B.V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, S.G. Highway, Thaltej, Ahmedabad, 380 054 Gujarat India
| | - Kishor S Jain
- />Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sinhgad Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lonavala, Pune, 410 401 Maharashtra India
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Manimekalai K, Visakan B, Salwe KJ, Murugesan S. Evaluation of Effect of Antiepileptic Drugs on Serum Lipid Profile among Young Adults with Epilepsy in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pondicherry. J Clin Diagn Res 2014; 8:HC05-9. [PMID: 25302212 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2014/8744.4682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several studies have reported that commonly used antiepileptic drugs like phenytoin, and carbamazepine increase serum High Density Lipoproteins Cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, while some others documented no such effect. Further, some researchers also observed that valproic acid and other newer antiepileptic drugs like lamotrigine and levetiracetam has no influence on serum lipid profile. The present study was planned to assess and compare serum lipid profile of young adult patients on commonly used antiepileptic drugs (phenytoin, oxcarbazepine and valproic acid) and newer antiepileptic drug (levetiracetam) attending Neurology OPD of a tertiary care hospital in Puducherry, India compared to normal subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted in Tertiary care hospital. Epileptic patients attending Department of Neurology and taking antiepileptic drugs for last six months or more and on regular follow up; approximately 60 patients on commonly used antiepileptic drugs (20 on phenytoin, 20 on oxcarbazepine, 20 on valproic Acid) and 20 patients on newer antiepileptic drug (levetiracetam) was included in the study. Age and sex matching 80 controls were taken. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Descriptive statistics explained using mean ± SD. Inferential statistics was used depending on the nature of variables. We used one-way-ANOVA and followed by independent t-test for comparison with control group and statistically significant was considered at p-value <0.05. RESULTS We observed statistically significant high mean TC, HDL-C, LDL-C and TG levels in the group receiving phenytoin for more than six months when compared with control group. We observed statistically significant high mean TC, HDL-C and TG levels in the group receiving oxcarbazepine for more than six months when compared with control. However, no significant difference was observed in mean LDL-C levels when compared to control. We did not observe any statistically significant difference among mean TC, HDL-C, LDL-C and TG levels in the group receiving valproate. We did not observe any statistically significant difference among mean TC, HDL-C, LDL-C and TG levels in the group receiving levetiracetam. CONCLUSION From the present study we can conclude that CYP enzyme inducer anti epileptic medicines like phenytoin and oxcarbazepine is strongly associated with increased levels of TC, LDL-C, HDL-C and TG where as valproate and levetiracetam showed no significant change. Therefore, the serum cholesterol level should be regularly monitored in patients undergoing therapy with inducer anti epileptic medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Manimekalai
- Professor and Head, Department of Pharmacology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute , Pillaiyarkuppam, Puducherry, India
| | - B Visakan
- Student, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute , Pillaiyarkuppam, Puducherry, India
| | - Kartik J Salwe
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute , Pillaiyarkuppam, Puducherry, India
| | - S Murugesan
- Professor and Head, Department of Neurology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute , Pillaiyarkuppam, Puducherry, India
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Arya N, Kharjul MD, Shishoo CJ, Thakare VN, Jain KS. Some molecular targets for antihyperlipidemic drug research. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 85:535-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Brodie MJ, Mintzer S, Pack AM, Gidal BE, Vecht CJ, Schmidt D. Enzyme induction with antiepileptic drugs: Cause for concern? Epilepsia 2012; 54:11-27. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2012.03671.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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21
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Chen Y, Tang Y, Guo C, Wang J, Boral D, Nie D. Nuclear receptors in the multidrug resistance through the regulation of drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 83:1112-26. [PMID: 22326308 PMCID: PMC3339266 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is one of the three most common treatment modalities for cancer. However, its efficacy is limited by multidrug resistant cancer cells. Drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) and efflux transporters promote the metabolism, elimination, and detoxification of chemotherapeutic agents. Consequently, elevated levels of DMEs and efflux transporters reduce the therapeutic effectiveness of chemotherapeutics and, often, lead to treatment failure. Nuclear receptors, especially pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2) and constitutive androstane activated receptor (CAR, NR1I3), are increasingly recognized for their role in xenobiotic metabolism and clearance as well as their role in the development of multidrug resistance (MDR) during chemotherapy. Promiscuous xenobiotic receptors, including PXR and CAR, govern the inducible expressions of a broad spectrum of target genes that encode phase I DMEs, phase II DMEs, and efflux transporters. Recent studies conducted by a number of groups, including ours, have revealed that PXR and CAR play pivotal roles in the development of MDR in various human carcinomas, including prostate, colon, ovarian, and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. Accordingly, PXR/CAR expression levels and/or activation statuses may predict prognosis and identify the risk of drug resistance in patients subjected to chemotherapy. Further, PXR/CAR antagonists, when used in combination with existing chemotherapeutics that activate PXR/CAR, are feasible and promising options that could be utilized to overcome or, at least, attenuate MDR in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62794, United States
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Phabphal K, Limapichat K, Sathirapanya P, Setthawatcharawanich S, Geater A. Characterization of glucose homeostasis and lipid profile in adult, seizure-free, epileptic patients in Asian population. Eur J Neurol 2012; 19:1228-34. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2012.03708.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Mintzer S, Skidmore CT, Rankin SJ, Chervoneva I, Pequinot E, Capuzzi DM, Sperling MR. Conversion from enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs to topiramate: Effects on lipids and c-reactive protein. Epilepsy Res 2012; 98:88-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Lopinto-Khoury C, Mintzer S. Antiepileptic drugs and markers of vascular risk. Curr Treat Options Neurol 2011; 12:300-8. [PMID: 20842589 DOI: 10.1007/s11940-010-0080-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT The most-used treatments for epilepsy worldwide are older-generation drugs such as phenytoin, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, and valproic acid, which have prominent enzymatic effects. Our sense of comfort with these treatments is starting to fade, however, as more and more potential long-term consequences of these drugs come to light. Epidemiologic studies demonstrate that ischemic disease of the heart and brain is more common among patients with epilepsy. Enzyme-inducing drugs are associated with elevations in a host of surrogate markers of vascular risk, suggesting that they could be responsible for increased rates of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. The enzyme-inhibiting drug valproate may have adverse consequences of its own pertaining to glucose and lipid metabolism. These effects stand in addition to those well established in the literature regarding bone metabolism, hormonal abnormalities, and drug-drug interactions. Because patients with epilepsy require medication for years, and often for life, it is difficult to justify the long-term use of these agents when there are capable alternatives. Many of the adverse effects of the older drugs appear to be rapidly reversible, prompting consideration of whether patients who are currently treated with these agents should be switched to alternative therapies, even in the absence of obvious side effects. Newer medications without effects on hepatic enzymes likely do not have these chronic metabolic consequences, and we recommend their use over older-generation drugs whenever possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Lopinto-Khoury
- Jefferson Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
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25
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Keber R, Motaln H, Wagner KD, Debeljak N, Rassoulzadegan M, Ačimovič J, Rozman D, Horvat S. Mouse knockout of the cholesterogenic cytochrome P450 lanosterol 14alpha-demethylase (Cyp51) resembles Antley-Bixler syndrome. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:29086-29097. [PMID: 21705796 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.253245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antley-Bixler syndrome (ABS) represents a group of heterogeneous disorders characterized by skeletal, cardiac, and urogenital abnormalities that have frequently been associated with mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 or cytochrome P450 reductase genes. In some ABS patients, reduced activity of the cholesterogenic cytochrome P450 CYP51A1, an ortholog of the mouse CYP51, and accumulation of lanosterol and 24,25-dihydrolanosterol has been reported, but the role of CYP51A1 in the ABS etiology has remained obscure. To test whether Cyp51 could be involved in generating an ABS-like phenotype, a mouse knock-out model was developed that exhibited several prenatal ABS-like features leading to lethality at embryonic day 15. Cyp51(-/-) mice had no functional Cyp51 mRNA and no immunodetectable CYP51 protein. The two CYP51 enzyme substrates (lanosterol and 24,25-dihydrolanosterol) were markedly accumulated. Cholesterol precursors downstream of the CYP51 enzymatic step were not detected, indicating that the targeting in this study blocked de novo cholesterol synthesis. This was reflected in the up-regulation of 10 cholesterol synthesis genes, with the exception of 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase. Lethality was ascribed to heart failure due to hypoplasia, ventricle septum, and epicardial and vasculogenesis defects, suggesting that Cyp51 deficiency was involved in heart development and coronary vessel formation. As the most likely downstream molecular mechanisms, alterations were identified in the sonic hedgehog and retinoic acid signaling pathways. Cyp51 knock-out mice provide evidence that Cyp51 is essential for embryogenesis and present a potential animal model for studying ABS syndrome in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rok Keber
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Helena Motaln
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Kay D Wagner
- INSERM U907, Parc Valrose, Nice, France; Université de Nice, Sophia-Antipolis, Parc Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Nataša Debeljak
- Institute of Biochemistry, Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Minoo Rassoulzadegan
- Université de Nice, Sophia-Antipolis, Parc Valrose, Nice, France; Centre de Biochimie, INSERM U636, Parc Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Jure Ačimovič
- Institute of Biochemistry, Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damjana Rozman
- Institute of Biochemistry, Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Simon Horvat
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia and.
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Jones JP, Joswig-Jones CA, Hebner M, Chu Y, Koop DR. The effects of nitrogen-heme-iron coordination on substrate affinities for cytochrome P450 2E1. Chem Biol Interact 2011; 193:50-6. [PMID: 21600194 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2011.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A descriptor based computational model was developed for cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) based on inhibition constants determined for inhibition of chlorzoxazone, or 4-nitrophenol, metabolism. An empirical descriptor for type II binding was developed and tested for a series of CYP2E1 inhibitors. Inhibition constants where measured for 51 different compounds. A fast 2-dimensional predictive model was developed based on 40 compounds, and tested on 8 compounds of diverse structure. The trained model (n=40) had an r(2) value of 0.76 and an RMSE of 0.48. The correlation between the predicted and actual pK(i) values of the test set of compounds not included in the model gives an r(2) value of 0.78. The features that described binding include heme coordination (type II binding), molecular volume, octanol/water partition coefficient, solvent accessible surface area, and the sum of the atomic polarizabilities. The heme coordination parameter assigns an integer between 0 and 6 depending on structure, and is a new descriptor, based on simple quantum chemical calculations with correction for steric effects. The type II binding parameter was found to be important in obtaining a good correlation between predicted and experimental inhibition constants increasing the r(2) value from 0.38 to 0.77.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey P Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4630, USA.
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O'Reilly E, Köhler V, Flitsch SL, Turner NJ. Cytochromes P450 as useful biocatalysts: addressing the limitations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:2490-501. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc03165h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Mintzer
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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29
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Mintzer S, Skidmore CT, Abidin CJ, Morales MC, Chervoneva I, Capuzzi DM, Sperling MR. Effects of antiepileptic drugs on lipids, homocysteine, and C-reactive protein. Ann Neurol 2009; 65:448-56. [PMID: 19296463 DOI: 10.1002/ana.21615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott Mintzer
- Jefferson Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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30
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Peng CC, Cape JL, Rushmore T, Crouch GJ, Jones JP. Cytochrome P450 2C9 type II binding studies on quinoline-4-carboxamide analogues. J Med Chem 2009; 51:8000-11. [PMID: 19053752 DOI: 10.1021/jm8011257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
CYP2C9 is a significant P450 protein responsible for drug metabolism. With the increased use of heterocyclic compounds in drug design, a rapid and efficient predrug screening of these potential type II binding compounds is essential to avoid adverse drug reactions. To understand binding modes, we use quinoline-4-carboxamide analogues to study the factors that determine the structure-activity relationships. The results of this study suggest that the more accessible pyridine with the nitrogen para to the linkage can coordinate directly with the ferric heme iron, but this is not seen for the meta or ortho isomers. The pi-cation interaction of the naphthalene moiety and Arg 108 residue may also assist in stabilizing substrate binding within the active-site cavity. The type II substrate binding affinity is determined by the combination of steric, electrostatic, and hydrophobicity factors; meanwhile, it is enhanced by the strength of lone pair electrons coordination with the heme iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chi Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, P.O. Box 644630, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, USA
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Luoma PV. Cytochrome P450 and gene activation--from pharmacology to cholesterol elimination and regression of atherosclerosis. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2008; 64:841-50. [PMID: 18633604 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-008-0515-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2008] [Accepted: 05/20/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipoproteins are closely associated with the atherosclerotic vascular process. Elevated levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and apolipoprotein AI (apo AI) in plasma indicate a low probability of coronary heart disease (CHD) together with enhanced longevity, and elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and apo B indicate an increased risk of CHD and death. Studies linking gene activation and the induction of cytochrome P450 with elevated plasma levels of apo AI and HDL-C and lowered plasma levels of LDL-C presented a new potential approach to prevent and treat atherosclerotic disease. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS This is a review aimed at clarifying the effects of P450-enzymes and gene activation on cholesterol homeostasis, the atherosclerotic vascular process, prevention and regression of atherosclerosis and the manifestation of atherosclerotic disease, particularly CHD, the leading cause of death in the world. RESULTS P450-enzymes maintain cellular cholesterol homeostasis. They respond to cholesterol accumulation by enhancing the generation of hydroxycholesterols (oxysterols) and activating cholesterol-eliminating mechanisms. The CYP7A1, CYP27A1, CYP46A1 and CYP3A4 enzymes generate major oxysterols that enter the circulation. The oxysterols activate-via nuclear receptors-ATP-binding cassette (ABC) A1 and other genes, leading to the elimination of excess cholesterol and protecting arteries from atherosclerosis. Several drugs and nonpharmacologic compounds are ligands for the liver X receptor, pregnane X receptor and other receptors, activate P450 and other genes involved in cholesterol elimination, prevent or regress atherosclerosis and reduce cardiovascular events. CONCLUSIONS P450-enzymes are essential in the physiological maintenance of cholesterol balance. They activate mechanisms which eliminate excess cholesterol and counteract the atherosclerotic process. Several drugs and nonpharmacologic compounds induce P450 and other genes, prevent or regress atherosclerosis and reduce the occurrence of non-fatal and fatal CHD and other atherosclerotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauli V Luoma
- Institute of Biomedicine, Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Xu B, Wang C, Yang J, Mao G, Zhang C, Liu D, Tai P, Zhou B, Xia G, Zhang M. Silencing of mouse hepatic lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase down-regulated plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels by short-term treatment of siRNA. Biol Pharm Bull 2008; 31:1182-91. [PMID: 18520052 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.31.1182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase (CYP51), participated in keeping serum cholesterol homeostasis, is a key enzyme to synthesize cholesterol from lanosterol. Here we focused on investigating the mechanism of CYP51 in modulating serum cholesterol levels in mouse through RNA interference (RNAi). Mice fed on normal or high fat high cholesterol (HFHC) diets were individually treated with small interference RNA (siRNA) of CYP51 gene by tail vein injection. The results showed that administrated single dose of 10 microg CYP51-siRNAs for 48 h resulted in significantly depletion of CYP51 mRNA in liver of mice fed on normal diet (from 40 to 60%, p<0.05). CYP51-siRNAs exerted the inhibition in a dose dependent manner (from 26% in 5 microg to 40% in 20 microg, p<0.05) and most inhibitive effect from day 3 to day 6 (over 50%, p<0.05) after the treatment. Six days after administration of 30 microg CYP51-siRNAs (20 microg on day 0 and 10 microg on day 3), CYP51 mRNA (normal: 50%; HFHC: 70%, p<0.05) and protein levels (normal and HFHC: over 40%, p<0.05) were significantly knocked down in mice liver. Interestingly, low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) expression was significantly elevated compared with controls in hepatic cells after CYP51-siRNAs (mRNA: about 2 times; protein: about 1.6 times, p<0.05). As a consequence, about 50% of sera low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-ch) were significantly reduced (p<0.05). The effect on LDLR increase and LDL-ch reduction lasted 8 d after a single 20 microg CYP51-siRNAs injection. In addition, CYP51-siRNAs could not cause any fatty liver compared with Buffer-group and did not interfere with mice ovulation. In conclusion, these data demonstrated that CYP51-siRNAs silenced CYP51 in mouse liver and down-regulated plasma LDL-ch levels. The potential mechanism of LDL-ch reduction may be related to up-regulated LDLR expression of hepatic cells. It indicated that there was a cholesterol levels link-modulation system between cholesterol synthetic pathway through CYP51 and cholesterol transport pathway through LDLR in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoshan Xu
- State Key Laboratories for AgroBiotechnology and Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
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Luoma PV. Cytochrome P450--physiological key factor against cholesterol accumulation and the atherosclerotic vascular process. Ann Med 2007; 39:359-70. [PMID: 17701478 DOI: 10.1080/07853890701379767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the early 1960s liver cytochrome P450 (P450) was known as an enzyme in drug metabolism. By the late 1970s, P450 induction was associated with elevation of plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein AI indicating a reduced risk of atherosclerotic disease. Later on, 57 human P450 genes have been identified. One P450 enzyme participates in cholesterol synthesis, and several others catabolize it to oxysterols and other metabolites. Oxysterols are physiological ligands specific for liver X receptors (LXRs) in the activation of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter and other cholesterol-lowering genes. Elevation of cholesterol leads to an endogenous induction of P450 and consequently to enhanced generation of oxysterols and activation of genes coding proteins which efflux cholesterol out of cells, transport it to the liver, catabolize and excrete cholesterol into bile, and prevent absorption of cholesterol in the intestine in the processes that maintain cellular cholesterol homeostasis and protect arteries from atherosclerosis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) co-operate with LXRs and ABC transporters in cholesterol regulation. Secretion of oxysterol is a direct pathway for cellular cholesterol elimination. Several compounds induce P450 and other genes regulating cholesterol balance and prevent or regress atherosclerosis, whereas inhibition of P450 blocks oxidative reactions, promotes cholesterol accumulation, and enhances the atherosclerotic vascular process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauli V Luoma
- Institute of Biomedicine, Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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OHTA Y, SAMI M, KANDA T, SAITO K, OSADA K, KATO H. Gene Expression Analysis of the Anti-obesity Effect by Apple Polyphenols in Rats Fed a High Fat Diet or a Normal Diet. J Oleo Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.55.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Flegentov GI, Tkachev IV, Piĭr EA, Pleshkova AP, Timofeev VP, Misharin AI. 22,23-Epoxides of Sitosterol and Related 7-Oxygenated Δ5-Sterols. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2005; 31:528-34. [PMID: 16245696 DOI: 10.1007/s11171-005-0065-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
(22S,23S)-22,23-Epoxysitosterol, (22R,23R)-22,23-epoxysitosterol, (22S,23S)-22,23-epoxy-7-ketositosterol, (22R,23R)-22,23-epoxy-7-ketositosterol, (22S,23S)-22,23-epoxy-7alpha-hydroxysitosterol, (22R,23R)-22,23-epoxy-7alpha-hydroxysitosterol, (22S,23S)-22,23-epoxy-7beta-hydroxysitosterol, and (22R,23R)-22,23-epoxy-7beta-hydroxysitosterol were synthesized. Their 1H and 13C NMR and the mass spectra of their trimethylsilyl derivatives were studied.
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Zhang J, Lewis RM, Wang C, Hales N, Byrne CD. Maternal dietary iron restriction modulates hepatic lipid metabolism in the fetuses. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2004; 288:R104-11. [PMID: 15388491 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00343.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Maternal dietary Fe restriction reduced fasting plasma cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) concentrations in the fetuses, as well as decreased plasma TG levels in the adult offspring. To investigate how maternal Fe restriction was affecting fetal lipid metabolism, we investigated whether there were changes in liver lipid metabolism in the full-term fetuses. There was a approximately 27% (P < 0.05) increase in cholesterol but approximately 29% reduction (P = 0.01) in TG concentrations in the liver of the Fe-restricted fetuses. Hepatic mRNA levels of cholesterol 7alpha hydroxylase and liver X receptor-alpha (LXRalpha) were reduced by approximately 50% (P < 0.01) and approximately 34% (P < 0.01), respectively. As LXRalpha regulates expression of sterol response element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) expression, we measured SREBP-1c expression. There was an approximately 43% (P < 0.001) reduction in mRNA levels of SREBP-1c and its response genes, including acetyl-CoA carboxylase by approximately 35% (P = 0.01), fatty acid synthase by approximately 18% (P = 0.05), and diacylglycerol acyltransferase by approximately 19% (P = 0.03). Furthermore, protein levels of CD36 were reduced by approximately 27% (P = 0.02) in Fe-restricted fetuses. In conclusion, changes in liver cholesterol and TG concentrations in Fe-restricted fetuses may be coordinated through reduced expression of heme-containing cholesterol 7alpha hydroxylase and its regulator LXRalpha, mainly via downregulation of expression of genes in bile acid synthesis and fatty acid synthesis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlong Zhang
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, Developmental Origins of Health and Disease Division, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
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