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Hirako S, Kim H, Iizuka Y, Matsumoto A. Fish oil consumption prevents hepatic lipid accumulation induced by high-cholesterol feeding in obese KK mice. Biomed Res 2024; 45:33-43. [PMID: 38325844 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.45.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Fish oil (FO) is rich in the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. It has been demonstrated that FO intake possesses lipid-lowering properties. Conversely, a high-cholesterol (CH) diet promotes lipid accumulation in the liver and induces fatty liver. This study investigated the effects of FO feeding on hepatic lipid accumulation induced by high-cholesterol feeding in KK mice. All experimental diets had a fat energy ratio of 25%, the SO group had all fat sources as safflower oil (SO), the 12.5 FO group had half of the SO replaced with FO, and the 25 FO group had all of the SO replaced with FO, each with or without 2 weight % (wt%) cholesterol (SO/CH, 12.5 FO/CH, and 25 FO/CH groups, respectively), for 8 weeks. The hepatic triglyceride and total cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the 25 FO/CH group than in the SO/CH group. The hepatic mRNAs of fatty acid synthesis-related genes were downregulated by the FO feeding groups. In view of importance to establish the benefit of FO for preventing severe NAFLD, our results suggest that FO intake prevents excessive hepatic fat accumulation induced by a high-cholesterol diet in obese KK mice through the inhibition of fatty acid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Hirako
- Department of Health and Nutrition, University of Human Arts and Sciences, 1288 Magome, Iwatsuki-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 339-8539, Japan
| | - HyounJu Kim
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Faculty of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Iizuka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Akiyo Matsumoto
- Department of Clinical Dietetics & Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado-shi, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
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Liu W, Zhu M, Gong M, Zheng W, Zeng X, Zheng Q, Li X, Fu F, Chen Y, Cheng J, Rao Z, Lu Y, Chen Y. Comparison of the Effects of Monounsaturated Fatty Acids and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Liver Lipid Disorders in Obese Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:3200. [PMID: 37513618 PMCID: PMC10386220 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a recognized epidemic worldwide, and the accumulation of excess free saturated fatty acids (SFAs) in cells induces cellular lipotoxic damage and increases the risk of a wide spectrum of metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes (T2D) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been reported to combat SFA-induced cellular damage. However, the comparative studies of the two types of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) are still limited. We investigated the effects of different MUFAs and PUFAs in the human hepatocyte line L-02 cells in vitro, and in high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obese C57BL/6 mice in vivo. The results of the in vitro study showed that SFAs induced significant cellular lipotoxic damage, but the combination of MUFAs/PUFAs with SFAs significantly improved the impaired cell viability. Particularly, oleic acid (OA) was superior to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and arachidonic acid (AA) in terms of its anti-apoptotic effect and inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In vivo, both olive-oil-enriched (HFD + OO) and fish-oil-enriched high-fat diets (HFD + FO) reduced hepatic steatosis and improved insulin sensitivity in obese mice. However, FO induced an abnormal increase in serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and an increase in the oxidative stress indicator Malondialdehyde (MDA). Liver-targeted lipidomic analysis showed that liver lipid metabolites under the two types of UFA dietary interventions differed from the HFD group, modulating the abundance of some lipid metabolites such as triglycerides (TGs) and glycerophospholipids. Furthermore, the FO diet significantly increased the abundance of the associated FA 20:5 long-chain lipid metabolites, whereas the OO diet regulated the unsaturation of all fatty acids in general and increased the abundance of FA 18:1 in the overall lipid metabolites, especially TGs, which may primarily contribute to the FO, and OO drove protection in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Liu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Meng Gong
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Technology Platform, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wen Zheng
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Technology Platform, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qing Zheng
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Fudong Fu
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Yingyi Chen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jingqiu Cheng
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Zhiyong Rao
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanrong Lu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Younan Chen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
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3
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Alkhalidy H, Al-Nabulsi A, Mhawish R, Liu D. Low-dose of phenolic rich extract from Annona squamosa Linn leaves ameliorates insulin sensitivity and reduces body weight gain in HF diet-induced obesity. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1146021. [PMID: 37538926 PMCID: PMC10394232 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1146021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with metabolic abnormalities that increase the risk and severity of several diseases. This study aimed to explore whether the aqueous extract of Annona squamosa Linn leaves (ASE) can ameliorate metabolic abnormalities associated with high fat (HF) diet-induced obesity. Forty-eight male Wistar rats were distributed among four treatment groups: a standard low-fat diet group, a HF diet group, and two HF diet groups with a daily oral dose of ASE (100 or 200 mg/kg body weights) administered for 9 weeks. Daily energy intake, body weight, blood glucose levels and glucose tolerance, and insulin tolerance were evaluated. At the end of the study, organs, and tissues were collected and weighed for analysis, and blood samples were collected to determine the serum insulin levels and serum liver enzymes. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents and 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical antioxidant activity of the ASE were evaluated. Oral administration of the low dose of ASE to HF diet-fed rats significantly reduced the long-term food intake and body weight gain without altering adiposity compared with untreated HF diet-fed rats. This outcome was accompanied by a significant improvement in insulin sensitivity and a reduction in fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels measured at weeks 6 and 9 of the study. The high dose of ASE had a short-term effect on body weight gain and food and caloric intake, and in the long-term, it improved FBG levels measured at weeks 6 and 9 of the study. The high dose of ASE resulted in hyperinsulinemia and high homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) value compared to healthy rats. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were 74.9 ± 0.491 mg of gallic acid equivalent and 20.0 ± 0.091 mg quercetin equivalent per g of ASE, respectively. The antioxidant activity of ASE expressed as half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value was 8.43 ± 0.825 mg/mL. These data suggest that ASE can safely and potently reduce the development of insulin resistance induced by HF diet feeding and lowering body weight gain in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Alkhalidy
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, College of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Anas Al-Nabulsi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, College of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Reham Mhawish
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, College of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Dongmin Liu
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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Saito K, Sekiya M, Kainoh K, Yoshino R, Hayashi A, Han SI, Araki M, Ohno H, Takeuchi Y, Tsuyuzaki T, Yamazaki D, Wanpei C, Hada L, Watanabe S, Paramita Adi Putri PI, Murayama Y, Sugano Y, Osaki Y, Iwasaki H, Yahagi N, Suzuki H, Miyamoto T, Matsuzaka T, Shimano H. Obesity-induced metabolic imbalance allosterically modulates CtBP2 to inhibit PPAR-alpha transcriptional activity. J Biol Chem 2023:104890. [PMID: 37286039 PMCID: PMC10339064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of metabolic homeostasis is secured by metabolite-sensing systems, which can be overwhelmed by constant macronutrient surplus in obesity. Not only the uptake processes but also the consumption of energy substrates determine the cellular metabolic burden. We herein describe a novel transcriptional system in this context comprised of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), a master regulator for fatty acid oxidation, and C-terminal binding protein 2 (CtBP2), a metabolite-sensing transcriptional co-repressor. CtBP2 interacts with PPARα to repress its activity, and the interaction is enhanced upon binding to malonyl-CoA, a metabolic intermediate increased in tissues in obesity and reported to suppress fatty acid oxidation through inhibition of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1). In line with our preceding observations that CtBP2 adopts a monomeric configuration upon binding to acyl-CoAs, we determined that mutations in CtBP2 that shift the conformational equilibrium toward monomers increase the interaction between CtBP2 and PPARα. In contrast, metabolic manipulations that reduce malonyl-CoA decreased the formation of the CtBP2/PPARα complex. Consistent with these in vitro findings, we found that the CtBP2/PPARα interaction is accelerated in obese livers while genetic deletion of CtBP2 in the liver causes derepression of PPARα target genes. These findings support our model where CtBP2 exists primarily as a monomer in the metabolic milieu of obesity to repress PPARα, representing a liability in metabolic diseases that can be exploited to develop therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Saito
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Motohiro Sekiya
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575.
| | - Kenta Kainoh
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Ryunosuke Yoshino
- Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Akio Hayashi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Song-Iee Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Masaya Araki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Hiroshi Ohno
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Yoshinori Takeuchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Tomomi Tsuyuzaki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Daichi Yamazaki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Chen Wanpei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Lisa Hada
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Sho Watanabe
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Putu Indah Paramita Adi Putri
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Yuki Murayama
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Yoko Sugano
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Yoshinori Osaki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Hitoshi Iwasaki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Naoya Yahagi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Hiroaki Suzuki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Takafumi Miyamoto
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Takashi Matsuzaka
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575; Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Hitoshi Shimano
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
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Monirujjaman M, Renani LB, Isesele P, Dunichand-Hoedl AR, Mazurak VC. Increased Expression of Hepatic Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD)-1 and Depletion of Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) Content following Cytotoxic Cancer Therapy Are Reversed by Dietary Fish Oil. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043547. [PMID: 36834959 PMCID: PMC9962117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatment evokes impediments to liver metabolism that culminate in fatty liver. This study determined hepatic fatty acid composition and expression of genes and mediators involved in lipid metabolism following chemotherapy treatment. Female rats bearing the Ward colon tumor were administered Irinotecan (CPT-11) +5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and maintained on a control diet or a diet containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (2.3 g/100 g fish oil). Healthy animals provided with a control diet served as a reference group. Livers were collected one week after chemotherapy. Triacylglycerol (TG), phospholipid (PL), ten lipid metabolism genes, leptin, and IL-4 were measured. Chemotherapy increased TG content and reduced EPA content in the liver. Expression of SCD1 was upregulated by chemotherapy, while dietary fish oil downregulated its expression. Dietary fish oil down-regulated expression of the fatty acid synthesis gene FASN, while restoring the long chain fatty acid converting genes FADS2 and ELOVL2, and genes involved in mitochondrial β-oxidation (CPT1α) and lipid transport (MTTP1), to values similar to reference animals. Neither leptin nor IL-4 were affected by chemotherapy or diet. Depletion of EPA is associated with pathways evoking enhanced TG accumulation in the liver. Restoring EPA through diet may pose a dietary strategy to attenuate chemotherapy-associated impediments in liver fatty acid metabolism.
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Yu S, Xie Q, Tan W, Hu M, Xu G, Zhang X, Xie G, Mao L. Different ratios of DHA/EPA reverses insulin resistance by improving adipocyte dysfunction and lipid disorders in HFD-induced IR mice. Food Funct 2023; 14:1179-1197. [PMID: 36602027 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02686d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Insulin resistance (IR) is linked to the development of diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and cardiovascular disease (CVDs). Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) from fish oils (FOs) were used to investigate their potential in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced IR mice under different ratios. Methods: A total of 84 male C57BL/6J (6 weeks old) mice were fed with HFD containing 45% kcal from fat for 16 weeks to establish the IR model. The IR mice were then fed with HFD or HFD + 4% DHA/EPA with different ratios (3 : 1, 1.5 : 1, 1 : 1, 1 : 1.5, 1 : 3, respectively) for another 12 weeks. During the experiment, the CON group (n = 12) was set to feed with a basic diet containing 10% kcal from fat. Results: HFD feeding for 16 weeks reduced insulin sensitivity and accelerated hypertrophy of white adipose tissue (WAT). Different ratios of DHA/EPA except for 1 : 1 decreased the HOMA-IR index, average area of adipocytes, and serum MDA, but increased the protein expression of PI3K. All ratios of DHA/EPA increased the protein expression of IRS-1, GLUT4, and adiponectin. Moreover, dietary DHA/EPA changed serum fatty acid (FA) composition by increasing the serum concentration of n-3 PUFAs. DHA/EPA supplements also improved serum lipid profiles (TG/TC/LDL-c/HDL-c, FFA) and reduced the hepatic steatosis area. Conclusions: The results indicate that an appropriate higher ratio of DHA (1.5 : 1) in DHA/EPA supplementation is recommended for IR prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyan Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Qunying Xie
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Weifeng Tan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Manjiang Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Guiling Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Guanghang Xie
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Limei Mao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, P. R. China.
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Ide T. γ-Linolenic Acid-Rich Oil- and Fish Oil-Induced Alterations of Hepatic Lipogenesis, Fatty Acid Oxidation, and Adipose Tissue mRNA Expression in Obese KK-A y Mice. J Oleo Sci 2023; 72:313-327. [PMID: 36878585 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess22341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The physiological activity of γ-linolenic acid (GLA)-rich evening primrose oil and eicosapentaenoic and doxosahexaenoic acids-rich fish oil, which affect hepatic fatty acid oxidation and synthesis, and adipose tissue mRNA expression were compared in diabetic obese KK-A y mice. The mice were fed diets containing 100 g/kg of either palm oil (saturated fat), GLA oil, or fish oil for 21 days. These oils, compared with palm oil, greatly increased the activity and mRNA levels of hepatic fatty acid oxidation enzymes. These oils also increased the carnitine concentrations and mRNA levels of carnitine transporter (solute carrier family 22, member 5) in the liver. In general, these effects were comparable between GLA and fish oils. In contrast, GLA and fish oils, compared with palm oil, reduced the activity and mRNA levels of the proteins related to hepatic lipogenesis, except for those of malic enzyme. The reducing effect was stronger for fish oil than for GLA oil. These changes were accompanied by reductions in the triacylglycerol levels in the serum and liver. The reduction in the liver was stronger for fish oil than for GLA oil. These oils also reduced epididymal adipose tissue weight accompanied by a reduction in the mRNA levels of several proteins that regulate adipocyte functions; these effects were stronger for fish oil than for GLA oil. These oils were also effective in reducing serum glucose levels. Therefore, both fish oil and GLA-rich oil were effective at ameliorating metabolic disorders related to obesity and diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ide
- Institute of International Nutrition and Health, Jumonji University
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8
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Martin-Perez M, Urdiroz-Urricelqui U, Bigas C, Benitah SA. The role of lipids in cancer progression and metastasis. Cell Metab 2022; 34:1675-1699. [PMID: 36261043 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Lipids have essential biological functions in the body (e.g., providing energy storage, acting as a signaling molecule, and being a structural component of membranes); however, an excess of lipids can promote tumorigenesis, colonization, and metastatic capacity of tumor cells. To metastasize, a tumor cell goes through different stages that require lipid-related metabolic and structural adaptations. These adaptations include altering the lipid membrane composition for invading other niches and overcoming cell death mechanisms and promoting lipid catabolism and anabolism for energy and oxidative stress protective purposes. Cancer cells also harness lipid metabolism to modulate the activity of stromal and immune cells to their advantage and to resist therapy and promote relapse. All this is especially worrying given the high fat intake in Western diets. Thus, metabolic interventions aiming to reduce lipid availability to cancer cells or to exacerbate their metabolic vulnerabilities provide promising therapeutic opportunities to prevent cancer progression and treat metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Martin-Perez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Uxue Urdiroz-Urricelqui
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia Bigas
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador Aznar Benitah
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
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Siutz C, Nemeth M, Quint R, Wagner KH, Millesi E. PUFA changes in white adipose tissue during hibernation in common hamsters. Physiol Biochem Zool 2022; 95:525-535. [DOI: 10.1086/721444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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10
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Effects of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids on corticosterone concentrations and spatial learning in rats. Behav Processes 2022; 198:104642. [PMID: 35421543 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2022.104642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is crucial for neuronal functions, can positively affect cognition, and reduce glucocorticoid (e.g. corticosterone) concentrations in response to stress. We investigated the effects of walnut oil high in PUFAs on spatial cognition and fecal corticosterone metabolite (FCM) concentrations under non-stressed conditions in rats. Unexpectedly, PUFA-supplemented rats had higher FCM concentrations and elevated concentrations generally impaired learning in the subsequent T-maze task. Statistically adjusting for individual FCM concentrations, however, revealed that learning performance was improved in PUFA-supplemented rats. The results suggest that glucocorticoids can modulate the effects of PUFAs on spatial learning under normal (non-stressed) conditions and call for consideration of basal physiological conditions in spatial learning tasks.
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11
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Mattioli S, Dimauro C, Cesarani A, Dal Bosco A, Bartolini D, Galli F, Migni A, Sebastiani B, Signorini C, Oger C, Collodel G, Castellini C. A Dynamic Model for Estimating the Interaction of ROS–PUFA–Antioxidants in Rabbit. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030531. [PMID: 35326181 PMCID: PMC8944554 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Defining optimal nutrition in animals and humans remains a main scientific challenge. The objective of the work was to develop a dynamic model of reactive oxygen species (ROS)–polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)–antioxidant homeostasis using the rabbit as a model. The problem entity was to evaluate the main metabolites generated from interactions between traits included in the conceptual model and identified by three main sub–models: (i) ROS generation, (ii) PUFA oxidation and (iii) antioxidant defence. A mathematical model (VENSIM software) that consisted of molecular stocks (INPUTs, OUTPUTs), exchange flows (intermediate OUTPUTs) and process rates was developed. The calibration was performed by using standard experimental data (Experiment 1), whereas the validation was carried out in Experiments 2 and 3 by using supra–nutritional dietary inputs (VIT E+ and PUFA+). The accuracy of the models was measured using 95% confidence intervals. Analytical OUTPUTs (ROS, PUFA, Vit E, Ascorbic acid, Iso–/NeuroProstanes, Aldehydes) were well described by the standard model. There was also good accuracy for the VIT E+ scenario, whereas some compensatory rates (Kc1–Kc4) were added to assess body compensation when high levels of dietary PUFA were administered (Experiment 3). In conclusion, the model can be very useful for predicting the effects of dietary treatments on the redox homeostasis of rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Mattioli
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, Borgo 20 Giugno, 74, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Corrado Dimauro
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Viale Italia, 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Alberto Cesarani
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Viale Italia, 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Dal Bosco
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, Borgo 20 Giugno, 74, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Desiree Bartolini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Enrico Dal Pozzo, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Galli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Enrico Dal Pozzo, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Anna Migni
- Department of Life Science and System Biology, Università di Torino, Via Accademia Albertina, 13, 10123 Torino, Italy
| | - Bartolomeo Sebastiani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Via del Giochetto, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Cinzia Signorini
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Policlinico Santa Maria alle Scotte, Viale Bracci 16, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, 1919 route de Mende, CEDEX 05, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Giulia Collodel
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Policlinico Santa Maria alle Scotte, Viale Bracci 16, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Cesare Castellini
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, Borgo 20 Giugno, 74, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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12
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McClung JA, Levy L, Garcia V, Stec DE, Peterson SJ, Abraham NG. Heme-oxygenase and lipid mediators in obesity and associated cardiometabolic diseases: Therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 231:107975. [PMID: 34499923 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity-mediated metabolic syndrome remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Among many potential targets for pharmacological intervention, a promising strategy involves the heme oxygenase (HO) system, specifically its inducible form, HO-1. This review collects and updates much of the current knowledge relevant to pharmacology and clinical medicine concerning HO-1 in metabolic diseases and its effect on lipid metabolism. HO-1 has pleotropic effects that collectively reduce inflammation, while increasing vasodilation and insulin and leptin sensitivity. Recent reports indicate that HO-1 with its antioxidants via the effect of bilirubin increases formation of biologically active lipid metabolites such as epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET), omega-3 and other polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Similarly, HO-1and bilirubin are potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of fat-induced liver diseases. HO-1-mediated upregulation of EET is capable not only of reversing endothelial dysfunction and hypertension, but also of reversing cardiac remodeling, a hallmark of the metabolic syndrome. This process involves browning of white fat tissue (i.e. formation of healthy adipocytes) and reduced lipotoxicity, which otherwise will be toxic to the heart. More importantly, this review examines the activity of EET in biological systems and a series of pathways that explain its mechanism of action and discusses how these might be exploited for potential therapeutic use. We also discuss the link between cardiac ectopic fat deposition and cardiac function in humans, which is similar to that described in obese mice and is regulated by HO-1-EET-PGC1α signaling, a potent negative regulator of the inflammatory adipokine NOV.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A McClung
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States of America
| | - Lior Levy
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States of America
| | - Victor Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States of America
| | - David E Stec
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, United States of America.
| | - Stephen J Peterson
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, United States of America; New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY 11215, United States of America
| | - Nader G Abraham
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States of America; Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States of America.
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13
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Misiakiewicz-Has K, Maciejewska-Markiewicz D, Rzeszotek S, Pilutin A, Kolasa A, Szumilas P, Stachowska E, Wiszniewska B. The Obscure Effect of Tribulus terrestris Saponins Plus Inulin on Liver Morphology, Liver Fatty Acids, Plasma Glucose, and Lipid Profile in SD Rats with and without Induced Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168680. [PMID: 34445384 PMCID: PMC8395419 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a predictor of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). There are data suggesting that Tribulus terrestris (TT) saponins act as antidiabetic agents and protect against NAFLD. The effect of saponins may be increased by fermentable fibers such as inulin. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of TT saponins and TT saponins plus inulin on the plasma lipid profile and liver fatty acids of rats with induced diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM). The study was performed on 36 male Sprague–Dawley rats divided into two main groups: control and diabetic. Animals of the diabetic (DM) group were fed a high-fat diet and injected with streptozotocin (low doses). Animals of the control group (nDM) were on a regular diet and were injected with buffer. After the injections, the animals were split into subgroups: three non-diabetic (nDM): (i) control (c-C); (ii) saponin-treated rats (C-Sap); (iii) rats treated with saponins + inulin (C-Sap + IN), and three diabetic subgroups (DM): (iv) control (c-DM); (v) saponin-treated rats (DM-Sap); (vi) rats treated with saponins + inulin (DM-Sap + IN). Liver fatty acids were extracted and analyzed by gas chromatography, and plasma glucose and lipids were measured. The study showed significant changes in liver morphology, liver fatty acids, plasma lipid profile, and plasma glucose. In summary, supplementation with TT saponins or saponins with inulin for one month decreased the level of steatosis in rats with induced type 2 diabetes. Moreover, there were favorable effects on the plasma lipid profile in the rats. However, additional supplementation with inulin had a negative effect on liver morphology (with a microvesicular type of steatosis) in the non-diabetes group. Moreover, supplementation with inulin had a negative effect on plasma glucose in both diabetic and non-diabetic rats. These data show that a diet enriched with fermentable fibers reveals different effects in different organisms, and not all sources and forms of fiber are beneficial to health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Misiakiewicz-Has
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (S.R.); (A.P.); (A.K.); (B.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Dominika Maciejewska-Markiewicz
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland; (D.M.-M.); (E.S.)
| | - Sylwia Rzeszotek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (S.R.); (A.P.); (A.K.); (B.W.)
| | - Anna Pilutin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (S.R.); (A.P.); (A.K.); (B.W.)
| | - Agnieszka Kolasa
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (S.R.); (A.P.); (A.K.); (B.W.)
| | - Paweł Szumilas
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 48 Żołnierska Str., 71-210 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Ewa Stachowska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland; (D.M.-M.); (E.S.)
| | - Barbara Wiszniewska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (S.R.); (A.P.); (A.K.); (B.W.)
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Ide T, Origuchi I. An Oil Rich in γ-Linolenic Acid Differently Affects Hepatic Fatty Acid Oxidation in Mice and Rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 43:1382-1392. [PMID: 32879213 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of different dietary fats on hepatic fatty acid oxidation were compared in male ICR mice and Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were fed diets containing 100 g/kg of either palm oil (saturated fat), safflower oil (rich in linoleic acid), an oil of evening primrose origin (γ-linolenic acid, GLA oil), perilla oil (α-linolenic acid) or fish oil (eicosapentaenoic and doxosahexaenoic acids) for 21 d. GLA, perilla and fish oils, compared with palm and safflower oils, increased the activity of fatty acid oxidation enzymes in both mice and rats, with some exceptions. In mice, GLA and fish oils greatly increased the peroxisomal palmitoyl-CoA oxidation rate, and the activity of acyl-CoA oxidase and enoyl-CoA hydratase to the same degree. The effects were much smaller with perilla oil. In rats, enhancing effects were more notable with fish oil than with GLA and perilla oils, excluding the activity of enoyl-CoA hydratase, and were comparable between GLA and perilla oils. In mice, strong enhancing effects of GLA oil, which were greater than with perilla oil and comparable to those of fish oil, were confirmed on mRNA levels of peroxisomal but not mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation enzymes. In rats, the effects of GLA and perilla oils on mRNA levels of peroxisomal and mitochondrial enzymes were indistinguishable, and lower than those observed with fish oil. Therefore, considerable diversity in the response to dietary polyunsaturated fats, especially the oil rich in γ-linolenic acid and fish oil, of hepatic fatty acid oxidation pathway exists between mice and rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ide
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life, Jumonji University
| | - Izumi Origuchi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life, Jumonji University
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15
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A New Zealand green-lipped mussel oil-enriched high-fat diet exhibits beneficial effects on body weight and metabolism in mice. Br J Nutr 2021; 125:972-982. [PMID: 32594917 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520002342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
To induce diet-induced obesity (DIO) in rodents, diets high in saturated fat and/or carbohydrates are commonly used. In the laboratory, standardised diets evolved over time without paying particular attention to the effect of fat composition on metabolic alterations. In the present study, customised high-fat diets (HFD) enriched with a combination of lard and different concentrations of New Zealand green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus) oil or MSC Hoki (Macruronus novaezelandiae, blue grenadier) liver oil, important sources of n-3 PUFA, in comparison with a solely lard-based diet, were fed to lean and DIO male C57BL/6 mice and their effects on metabolic parameters were monitored. Intriguingly, an isoenergetic HFD containing 63 % of total fat in the form of mussel oil and only 28 % in the form of lard attenuated HFD-induced body weight gain after 1 and 4 weeks, respectively. Consistently, changing a lard-enriched HFD to the mussel oil diet reduced body weight markedly even after mice had been exposed to the former diet for 10 months. The weight-reducing effect of the diet was not caused by altered energy intake or expenditure, but was associated with reduced visceral fat mass. Collectively, these data suggest a novel weight-reducing potential of green-lipped mussel oil.
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16
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Valle M, Mitchell PL, Pilon G, St-Pierre P, Varin T, Richard D, Vohl MC, Jacques H, Delvin E, Levy E, Gagnon C, Bazinet L, Marette A. Cholecalciferol Supplementation Does Not Prevent the Development of Metabolic Syndrome or Enhance the Beneficial Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Obese Mice. J Nutr 2021; 151:1175-1189. [PMID: 33851198 PMCID: PMC8112766 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholecalciferol (D3) may improve inflammation, and thus provide protection from cardiometabolic diseases (CMD), although controversy remains. Omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3FA) may also prevent the development of CMD, but the combined effects of ω-3FA and D3 are not fully understood. OBJECTIVES We determined the chronic independent and combined effects of D3 and ω-3FA on body weight, glucose homeostasis, and markers of inflammation in obese mice. METHODS We gave 8-week-old male C57BL/6J mice, which had been fed a high-fat, high-sucrose (HF) diet (65.5% kcal fat, 19.8% kcal carbohydrate, and 14% kcal protein) for 12 weeks, either a standard D3 dose (+SD3; 1400 IU D3/kg diet) or a high D3 dose (+HD3; 15,000 IU D3/kg diet). We fed 1 +SD3 group and 1 +HD3 group with 4.36% (w/w) fish oil (+ω-3FA; 44% eicosapentaenoic acid, 25% docosahexaenoic acid), and fed the other 2 groups with corn oil [+omega-6 fatty acids (ω-6FA)]. A fifth group was fed a low-fat (LF; 15.5% kcal) diet. LF and HF+ω-6+SD3 differences were tested by a Student's t-test and HF treatment differences were tested by a 2-way ANOVA. RESULTS D3 supplementation in the +HD3 groups did not significantly increase plasma total 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] versus the +SD3 groups, but it increased 3-epi-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels by 3.4 ng/mL in the HF+ω-6+HD3 group and 4.0 ng/mL in the HF+ω-3+HD3 group, representing 30% and 70%, respectively, of the total 25(OH)D3 increase. Energy expenditure increased in those mice fed diets +ω-3FA, by 3.9% in the HF+ω-3+SD3 group and 7.4% in the HF+ω-3+HD3 group, but it did not translate into lower body weight. The glucose tolerance curves of the HF+ω-3+SD3 and HF+ω-3+HD3 groups were improved by 11% and 17%, respectively, as compared to the respective +ω-6FA groups. D3 supplementation, within the ω-3FA groups, altered the gut microbiota by increasing the abundance of S24-7 and Lachnospiraceae taxa compared to the standard dose, while within the ω-6FA groups, D3 supplementation did not modulate specific taxa. CONCLUSIONS Overall, D3 supplementation does not prevent CMD or enhance the beneficial effects of ω-3FA in vitamin D-sufficient obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Valle
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Patricia L Mitchell
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Geneviève Pilon
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe St-Pierre
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Thibault Varin
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Denis Richard
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada,Department of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada,School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Hélène Jacques
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada,School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Edgar Delvin
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Sainte Justine Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada,Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Sainte Justine Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Claudia Gagnon
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada,Department of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada,Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec Research Centre, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Laurent Bazinet
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada,Department of Food Sciences, Laboratory of Food Processing and ElectroMembrane Processes, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
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Konishi T, Takahashi Y, Shiina Y, Oike H, Oishi K. Time-of-day effects of consumption of fish oil-enriched sausages on serum lipid parameters and fatty acid composition in normolipidemic adults: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and parallel-group pilot study. Nutrition 2021; 90:111247. [PMID: 33962365 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The body clock controls diurnal rhythms of nutrient digestion, absorption, and metabolism. Fish oil (FO) contains abundant ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), that are thought to lower triglyceride (TG) levels. This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group trial aimed to confirm the effects of the time of FO intake on TG in healthy Japanese adults. METHODS Twenty healthy Japanese adults (age, 20-60 y) were assigned to either a group that consumed sausages enriched with FO (DHA 1010 mg; EPA 240 mg) in the morning and a placebo (DHA 40 mg; EPA 15 mg) in the evening (BF-FO) or another group that consumed FO-enriched sausages in the evening and the placebo in the morning (DN-FO). Serum lipid parameters, fatty acid (FA) composition, and messenger RNA expression of lipogenic genes in circulating blood cells were evaluated in fasting blood samples before, as well as after 4 and 8 wk of FO intake. RESULTS Serum concentrations of TG and total saturated FA were significantly decreased in the BF-FO group, whereas those of ω-3 PUFA were significantly and identically increased in both groups. Serum concentrations of ω-6 PUFA were significantly decreased in the BF-FO but not the DN-FO group. Messenger RNA expression of the lipogenic genes ACLY, SCD, and FASN were similarly reduced in both groups. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that the timing of FO intake affects both serum FA concentrations and TG metabolism in normolipidemic humans. The mechanisms of these effects of FO on lipid metabolism require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hideaki Oike
- Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Healthy Food Science Research Group, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Katsutaka Oishi
- Healthy Food Science Research Group, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan; Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan; School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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18
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Supplementation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and aerobic exercise improve functioning, morphology, and redox balance in prostate obese rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6282. [PMID: 33737530 PMCID: PMC7973565 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85337-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The high-fat diet (HFD) stimulates an increase in lipids and can be prejudicial for harmful to prostatic morphogenesis. Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs) have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant action in some types of cancer. The combination of aerobic physical exercise and PUFA can be more effective and reduce the risk of death. The study evaluates the effects of aerobic physical exercise associated with omega-3 (fish and chia oils), on the ventral prostate of Wistar rats those fed with HFD. Here, we report that HFD modified the final body weight and the weight gain, decreased the expression of the androgen receptor and increased prostatic inflammation via TNF-α produced damage prostatic like intraepithelial neoplasia. The supplementation with fish oil decreases final body weight, reduced BCL-2 and inflammation compared to chia oil; aerobic physical exercise associated with fish oil reduced lipids circulant and prostatic, increased proteins pro-apoptotic expression and reduced IL-6 (p < 0.0001) and TNF-α potentiating the CAT (p = 0.03) and SOD-1 (p = 0.001) expression. Additionally, the chia oil increased the NRF-2 (p < 0.0001) and GSS (p = 0.4) genes. PUFAs reduced the damage caused by excessive high-fat diet in the prostate so that there is greater effectiveness in omega-3 intake, it is necessary to associate with aerobic physical exercise.
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19
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Effects of Long-Term DHA Supplementation and Physical Exercise on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Development in Obese Aged Female Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020501. [PMID: 33546405 PMCID: PMC7913512 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and aging are associated to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development. Here, we investigate whether long-term feeding with a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-enriched diet and aerobic exercise, alone or in combination, are effective in ameliorating NAFLD in aged obese mice. Two-month-old female C57BL/6J mice received control or high fat diet (HFD) for 4 months. Then, the diet-induced obese (DIO) mice were distributed into four groups: DIO, DIO + DHA (15% dietary lipids replaced by a DHA-rich concentrate), DIO + EX (treadmill running), and DIO + DHA + EX up to 18 months. The DHA-rich diet reduced liver steatosis in DIO mice, decreasing lipogenic genes (Dgat2, Scd1, Srebp1c), and upregulated lipid catabolism genes (Hsl/Acox) expression. A similar pattern was observed in the DIO + EX group. The combination of DHA + exercise potentiated an increase in Cpt1a and Ppara genes, and AMPK activation, key regulators of fatty acid oxidation. Exercise, alone or in combination with DHA, significantly reversed the induction of proinflammatory genes (Mcp1, Il6, Tnfα, Tlr4) in DIO mice. DHA supplementation was effective in preventing the alterations induced by the HFD in endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes (Ern1/Xbp1) and autophagy markers (LC3II/I ratio, p62, Atg7). In summary, long-term DHA supplementation and/or exercise could be helpful to delay NAFLD progression during aging in obesity.
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Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Risk. Evidence, Lack of Evidence, and Diligence. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123782. [PMID: 33317164 PMCID: PMC7764656 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most controversial areas of nutrition research relates to fats, particularly essential fatty acids, in the context of cardiovascular disease risk. A critical feature of dietary fatty acids is that they incorporate into the plasma membrane, modifying fluidity and key physiological functions. Importantly, they can reshape the bioavailability of eicosanoids and other lipid mediators, which direct cellular responses to external stimuli, such as inflammation and chronic stress conditions. This paper provides an overview of the most recent evidence, as well as historical controversies, linking fat consumption with human health and disease. We underscore current pitfalls in the area of fatty acid research and critically frame fatty acid intake in the larger context of diet and behavior. We conclude that fundamental research on fatty acids and lipids is appropriate in certain areas, but the rigor and reproducibility are lacking in others. The pros and cons are highlighted throughout the review, seeking to guide future research on the important area of nutrition, fat intake, and cardiovascular disease risk.
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21
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Sasson A, Kristoferson E, Batista R, McClung JA, Abraham NG, Peterson SJ. The pivotal role of heme Oxygenase-1 in reversing the pathophysiology and systemic complications of NAFLD. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 697:108679. [PMID: 33248947 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis and molecular pathways involved in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are reviewed, as well as what is known about mitochondrial dysfunction that leads to heart disease and the progression to steatohepatitis and hepatic fibrosis. We focused our discussion on the role of the antioxidant gene heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and its nuclear coactivator, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC1-α) in the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and function and potential therapeutic benefit for cardiac disease, NAFLD as well as the pharmacological effect they have on the chronic inflammatory state of obesity. The result is increased mitochondrial function and the conversion of white adipocyte tissue to beige adipose tissue ("browning of white adipose tissue") that leads to an improvement in signaling pathways and overall liver function. Improved mitochondrial biogenesis and function is essential to preventing the progression of hepatic steatosis to NASH and cirrhosis as well as preventing cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Sasson
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA; Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Eva Kristoferson
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Rogerio Batista
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - John A McClung
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Nader G Abraham
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA; Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA; Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, 25701, USA
| | - Stephen J Peterson
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA; New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, 11215, USA.
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Leonardi BF, Gosmann G, Zimmer AR. Modeling Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rodents. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000249. [PMID: 32978870 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Standardized animal models represent one of the most valuable tools available to understand the mechanism underlying the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and to seek for new therapeutic strategies. However, there is considerable variability in the studies conducted with this essential purpose. This review presents an updated discussion of the most recent studies using diverse experimental conditions to induce MetS in rodents with unbalanced diets, discusses the key findings in metabolic outcomes, and critically evaluates what we have been learned from them and how to advance in the field. The study includes scientific reports sourced from the Web of Science and PubMed databases, published between January 2013 and June 2020, which used hypercaloric diets to induce metabolic disorders, and address the impact of the diet on metabolic parameters. The collected data are used as support to discuss variables such as sex, species, and age of the animals, the most favorable type of diet, and the ideal diet length to generate metabolic changes. The experimental characteristics propose herein improve the performance of a preclinical model that resembles the human MetS and will guide researchers to investigate new therapeutic alternatives with confidence and higher translational validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca F Leonardi
- Phytochemistry and Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 2752 Ipiranga avenue, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Grace Gosmann
- Phytochemistry and Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 2752 Ipiranga avenue, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Aline R Zimmer
- Phytochemistry and Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 2752 Ipiranga avenue, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
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Valenzuela R, Ortiz M, Hernández-Rodas MC, Echeverría F, Videla LA. Targeting n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:5250-5272. [PMID: 30968772 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190410121716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is characterized by abnormal hepatic accumulation of triacylglycerides in the absence of alcohol consumption, in association with Oxidative Stress (OS), a pro-inflammatory state and Insulin Resistance (IR), which are attenuated by n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (FAs) C20-C22 (LCPUFAs) supplementation. Main causes of NAFLD comprise high caloric intake and a sedentary lifestyle, with high intakes of saturated FAs. METHODS The review includes several searches considering the effects of n-3 LCPUFAs in NAFLD in vivo and in vitro models, using the PubMed database from the National Library of Medicine- National Institutes of Health. RESULT The LCPUFAs eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 n- 3, DHA) have a positive effect in diminishing liver steatosis, OS, and the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and pro-inflammatory cytokines, with improvement of insulin sensitivity and adiponectin levels. The molecular pathways described for n-3 LCPUFAs in cellular and animal models and humans include peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α activation favouring FA oxidation, diminution of lipogenesis due to sterol responsive element binding protein-1c downregulation and inflammation resolution. Besides, nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2 activation is elicited by n-3 LCPUFA-derived oxidation products producing direct and indirect antioxidant responses, with concomitant anti-fibrogenic action. CONCLUSION The discussed effects of n-3 LCPUFA supplementation support its use in NAFLD, although having a limited value in NASH, a contention that may involve n-3 LCPUFA oxygenated derivatives. Clinical trials establishing optimal dosages, intervention times, type of patients and possible synergies with other natural products are needed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Macarena Ortiz
- Nutrition and Dietetics School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Maule, Merced 333, Curicó 3340000, Chile
| | - María Catalina Hernández-Rodas
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Francisca Echeverría
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Luis Alberto Videla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile
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DHA reduces hypothalamic inflammation and improves central leptin signaling in mice. Life Sci 2020; 257:118036. [PMID: 32622949 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Anti-obesity effects and improved leptin sensitivity from n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) have been reported in diet-induced obese animals. This study sought to determine the beneficial central effects and mechanism of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3) in high-fat (HF) diet fed mice. MAIN METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were given HF diet with or without intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3) for two days. Central leptin sensitivity, hypothalamic inflammation, leptin signaling molecules and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) were examined by central leptin sensitivity test and Western blot. Furthermore, the expression of hepatic genes involved in lipid metabolism was examined by RT-PCR. KEY FINDINGS We found that icv administration of DHA not only reduced energy intake and body weight gain but also corrected the HF diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation. DHA decreased leptin signaling inhibitor SOCS3 and improved the leptin JAK2-Akt signaling pathways in the hypothalamus. Furthermore, icv administration of DHA improved the effects of leptin in the regulation of mRNA expression of enzymes related to lipogenesis, fatty acid β-oxidation, and cholesterol synthesis in the liver. DHA increased leptin-induced activation of TH in the hypothalamus. SIGNIFICANCE Therefore, increasing central DHA concentration may prevent the deficit of hypothalamic regulation, which is associated with disorders of energy homeostasis in the liver as a result of a high-fat diet.
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Sakamuri A, Sakamuri SSVP, Kona SR, Jeyapal S, Ibrahim A. Diets with low n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio protects rats from fructose-induced dyslipidemia and associated hepatic changes: Comparison between 18:3 n-3 and long-chain n-3 PUFA. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 155:102082. [PMID: 32169807 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the impact of substituting alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) or long-chain n-3 PUFA (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) for linoleic acid and hence decreasing n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio on high-fructose diet-induced hypertriglyceridemia and associated hepatic changes. Weanling male Wistar rats were divided into four groups and fed with starch-diet (n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio 215:1) and high-fructose diets with different n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio (215:1, 2:1 with ALA and 5:1 with long-chain n-3 PUFA) for twenty-four weeks. Substitution of linoleic acid with ALA (n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio of 2) or long-chain n-3 PUFA (n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio of 5) protected the rats from fructose-induced dyslipidemia, hepatic oxidative stress and corrected lipogenic and proinflammatory gene expression. Both ALA and long-chain n-3 PUFA supplementation also reversed the fructose-induced upregulation of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) gene, which is involved in the generation of active glucocorticoids in tissues. Although both ALA and LC n-3 PUFA prevented fructose-induced dyslipidemia to a similar extent, compared to ALA, LC n-3 PUFA is more effective in preventing hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Sakamuri
- Department of lipid chemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Siva S V P Sakamuri
- Department of lipid chemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Suryam Reddy Kona
- Department of lipid chemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sugeedha Jeyapal
- Department of lipid chemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ahamed Ibrahim
- Department of lipid chemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India.
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Martins FF, Aguila MB, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA. Eicosapentaenoic and docosapentaenoic acids lessen the expression of PPARγ/Cidec affecting adipogenesis in cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151504. [PMID: 31955908 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2020.151504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have benefits in the metabolism of adipose tissue. However, its contribution to the adipogenesis is not entirely elucidated. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of EPA and DHA on adipogenesis, especially in the PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma) and Cidec (cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector c) pathway. Twenty-four hours after confluence, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with EPA (100 μM), DHA (50μM) and EPA (100μM) + DHA (50μM) and at the end of differentiation (day 11) the cells were collected for analysis. Cell viability analysis indicated that the concentrations used for EPA and DHA did not cause cytotoxicity in cultured 3T3l1 adipocytes. The treatments have lessened the triacylglycerol accumulation in the adipocyte cytoplasm that, compared to the control group, were EPA-32%, DHA-38%, EPA + DHA -24%. The double-labeling immunofluorescence showed a signal attenuation of protein expressions of PPARγ, CIDEC, and SREBP-1c (sterol regulatory element-binding protein). EPA and DHA had a significant impact on the expression of cleaved CASPASE 3, which increases cell apoptosis and gene expressions of Pparγ and Cidec in the treated groups. Also, there was a reduction of C/ebpα (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha), Cd36 (cluster differentiation 36), and Foxo1 (forkhead box O). In conclusion, the study determined the ability of both EPA and DHA, alone or combined, in the adipogenesis modulation in cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes, affecting the cell differentiation, maturation, and consequently, reducing adipogenesis via PPARγ-CIDEC suppression.
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Zhou YL, Guo JL, Tang RJ, Ma HJ, Chen YJ, Lin SM. High dietary lipid level alters the growth, hepatic metabolism enzyme, and anti-oxidative capacity in juvenile largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:125-134. [PMID: 31522360 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00705-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of high dietary lipid levels on growth, metabolism, antioxidant capacity, and immune responses of largemouth bass. Fish (initial body weight 13.38 ± 0.11 g) were fed three isonitrogenous semi-purified diets containing 5%, 10%, and 20% lipid, respectively. The results indicated that fish fed 10% lipid diet showed significantly better final body weight, specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared with that fed 5% lipid diet. Meanwhile, fish fed 20% lipid diet had a significantly higher viscera ratio (VR), hepatosomatic index (HSI), intraperitoneal fat ratio (IPF), and liver lipid content than those fed the other diets. Higher alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) activities, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), free fatty acids (FFA), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) contents, and LDL-C/HDL-C value in plasma were recorded in fish fed 20% lipid diet, while higher insulin contents were obtained in fish fed 5% lipid diet. In addition, the highest carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT1), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) activities in the liver were also observed in fish fed 20% lipid diet. However, fish fed 20% lipid diet had a significantly lower superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities and higher MDA contents in liver than those fed the other diets. The higher nitric oxide (NO) contents and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity in liver were recorded in fish fed 10% lipid diet. Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase (ALP), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and lysozyme activities, and nitric oxide (NO) contents in plasma were higher in fish fed the 10% diets than the other groups. In conclusion, high dietary lipid levels could suppress growth performance and liver anti-oxidative capacity, and reduce immune responses of largemouth bass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Lang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Ling Guo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren-Jun Tang
- Liangping District Agriculture Commission, Chongqing, 400020, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Jia Ma
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Mei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
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Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Induced by High-Fat Diet in C57bl/6 Models. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11123067. [PMID: 31888190 PMCID: PMC6949901 DOI: 10.3390/nu11123067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Researchers have a range of animal models in which to study Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Induction of NAFLD by a high-fat diet in the C57BL/6 strain is the most widely used among mice. In this study, we review works that performed NAFLD induction by a high-fat diet using the C57BL/6 strain, focusing on experiments on the effects of lipid ingestion. Studies are initially distinguished into researches in which mice received lipids by oral gavage and studies in which lipid was added to the diet, and each of these designs has peculiarities that must be considered. Oral gavage can be stressful for animals and needs trained handlers but allows accurate control of the dose administered. The addition of oils to the diet can prevent stress caused to mice by gavage, but possible changes in the consistency, taste, and smell of the diet should be considered. Regarding the experimental design, some variables, such as animal sex, treatment time, and diet-related variables, appear to have a definite pattern. However, no pattern was found regarding the number of animals per group, age at the beginning of the experiment, time of adaptation, the substance used as a vehicle, and substance used as a control.
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Programming mediated by fatty acids affects uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1) in brown adipose tissue. Br J Nutr 2019; 120:619-627. [PMID: 30176958 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518001629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has recently been given more attention for the part it plays in obesity. BAT can generate great amounts of heat through thermogenesis by the activation of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1), which can be regulated by many environmental factors such as diet. Moreover, the build-up of BAT relates to maternal nutritional changes during pregnancy and lactation. However, at present, there is a limited number of studies looking at maternal nutrition and BAT development, and it seems that the research trend in this field has been considerably declining since the 1980s. There is much to discover yet about the role of different fatty acids on the development of BAT and the activation of UCP-1 during the fetal and the postnatal periods of life. A better understanding of the impact of nutritional intervention on the epigenetic regulation of BAT could lead to new preventive care for metabolic diseases such as obesity. It is important to know in which circumstances lipids could programme BAT during pregnancy and lactation. The modification of maternal dietary fatty acids, amount and composition, during pregnancy and lactation might be a promising strategy for the prevention of obesity in the offspring and future generations.
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Fan Y, Ren C, Meng F, Deng K, Zhang G, Wang F. Effects of algae supplementation in high-energy dietary on fatty acid composition and the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism in Hu sheep managed under intensive finishing system. Meat Sci 2019; 157:107872. [PMID: 31276903 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effect of algae supplementation in high-energy diet (HE diet) on lipid metabolism of intensive feeding sheep. The lambs were assigned to two groups and received a standard diet (ST diet, 8.40 MJ/kg) or a HE diet (9.70 MJ/kg) based on corn, wheat bran, soybean meal. Each group was divided into two subgroups: control and algae supplement (3%, DM basis). The body fat, serum cholesterol, and oleic acid in the liver and muscle increased in lambs receiving the HE diet. However, after supplementing the microalgae (Schizochytrium sp.) in the HE diet, these parameters were all reduced. In addition, EPA, DHA and CLA cis-9, trans-11 in muscle and liver increased. Algae supplementation also altered the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes, including up-regulated FADS2, ELOVL2, SCD, CPT1α and SREBF-1, and down-regulated PPARα and PPARγ. In conclusion, algae supplementation in ST and HE diets increased n-3PUFA and improved metabolic disorder caused by the HE diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Fan
- Institute of Goats and Sheep Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Caifang Ren
- Institute of Goats and Sheep Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Fanxing Meng
- Institute of Goats and Sheep Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Kaiping Deng
- Institute of Goats and Sheep Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Guomin Zhang
- Institute of Goats and Sheep Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Feng Wang
- Institute of Goats and Sheep Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China.
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Jin A, Shi XC, Deng W, Sun J, Ji H. Ameliorative effect of docosahexaenoic acid on hepatocyte apoptosis and inflammation induced by oleic acid in grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:1091-1099. [PMID: 30903378 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00623-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study has shown that overload of lipid accumulation results in cell apoptosis and inflammation in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). In this study, we investigated the potential protective effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on inhibiting oleic acid (OA)-induced apoptosis and inflammation in grass carp hepatocytes. Firstly, the hepatocyte of grass carp were treated with OA (800 μM) and different concentration (0, 50, 100 and 200 μM) of DHA for 24 h, the apoptotic ratio, gene expression levels of apoptosis such as caspase 3, caspase 8, and caspase 9, protein levels of Caspase3, and mRNA levels of inflammation genes such as nf-kb, tnf-α, and il-8 were detected. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of lipogenesis genes srebp1c, fas, acc, and scd and a key enzyme of lipolysis Atgl were also detected. These results showed that the cell apoptosis and the inflammation increased by OA were significantly attenuated by DHA (P < 0.05). Furthermore, DHA could significantly decrease fatty acid synthesis gene expression levels which were induced by OA (P < 0.05). However, the hepatocytes exposed with DHA had no significant influence on the expression of Atgl. Taken together, the study indicated that DHA protects the hepatocytes against apoptosis and inflammation induced by OA might via inhibiting fatty acid synthesis, instead of promoting lipolysis. These results call for further studies to assess the effectiveness of DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Chen Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China.
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Lu X, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhang K, Zhan C, Shi X, Li Y, Zhao J, Bai Y, Wang Y, Nie H, Li Y. Metabolic profiling analysis upon acylcarnitines in tissues of hepatocellular carcinoma revealed the inhibited carnitine shuttle system caused by the downregulated carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:749-759. [PMID: 30604893 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The carnitine shuttle system (CSS) plays a crucial role in the transportation of fatty acyls during fatty acid β-oxidation for energy supplementation, especially in cases of high energy demand, such as in cancer. In this study, to systematically characterize alterations of the CSS in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), acylcarnitine metabolic profiling was carried out on 80 pairs of HCC tissues and adjacent noncancerous tissues (ANTs) by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Twenty-four acylcarnitines classified into five categories were identified and characterized between HCCs and ANTs. Notably, increased saturated long-chain acylcarnitines (LCACs) and decreased short- and medium-chain acylcarnitines (S/MCACs) were simultaneously observed in HCC samples. Subsequent correlation network and heatmap analysis indicated low correlations between LCACs and S/MCACs. The mRNA and protein expressions of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2) was significantly downregulated in HCC samples, whereas CPT1A expression was not significantly changed. Correspondingly, the relative levels of S/MCACs were reduced and those of LCACs were increased in BEL-7402/CPT2-knockdown cells compared to negative controls. Both results suggested that decreased shuttling efficiency in HCC might be associated with downregulation of CPT2. In addition, decreases in the mRNA expression of acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 2 were also observed in HCC tissues and BEL-7402/CPT2-knockdown cells, suggesting potential low β-oxidation efficiency, which was consistent with the increased expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 in both samples. The systematic strategy applied in our study illustrated decreased shuttling efficiency of the carnitine shuttle system in HCC and can provide biologists with an in-depth understanding of β-oxidation in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yongjian Zhang
- The Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Chao Zhan
- The Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiuyun Shi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yiqun Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Jianxiang Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yunfan Bai
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Huan Nie
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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Okada LSDRR, Oliveira CP, Stefano JT, Nogueira MA, Silva IDCGD, Cordeiro FB, Alves VAF, Torrinhas RS, Carrilho FJ, Puri P, Waitzberg DL. Omega-3 PUFA modulate lipogenesis, ER stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction markers in NASH – Proteomic and lipidomic insight. Clin Nutr 2018; 37:1474-1484. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Lee HJ, Jung H, Cho H, Lee K, Hwang KT. Black Raspberry Seed Oil Improves Lipid Metabolism by Inhibiting Lipogenesis and Promoting Fatty-Acid Oxidation in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice and db
/db
Mice. Lipids 2018; 53:491-504. [DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jae Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Research Institute of Human Ecology; Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu; Seoul, 08826 South Korea
| | - Hana Jung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Research Institute of Human Ecology; Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu; Seoul, 08826 South Korea
- Department of Human Ecology; Korea National Open University, 86 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu; Seoul, 03087 South Korea
| | - Hyunnho Cho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Research Institute of Human Ecology; Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu; Seoul, 08826 South Korea
| | - Kiuk Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Research Institute of Human Ecology; Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu; Seoul, 08826 South Korea
| | - Keum Taek Hwang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Research Institute of Human Ecology; Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu; Seoul, 08826 South Korea
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Rodrigues AH, Moreira CCL, Neves MJ, Botion LM, Chaves VE. Replacement of soybean oil by fish oil increases cytosolic lipases activities in liver and adipose tissue from rats fed a high-carbohydrate diets. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 56:74-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Triff K, McLean MW, Callaway E, Goldsby J, Ivanov I, Chapkin RS. Dietary fat and fiber interact to uniquely modify global histone post-translational epigenetic programming in a rat colon cancer progression model. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:1402-1415. [PMID: 29659013 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dietary fermentable fiber generates short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), for example, butyrate, in the colonic lumen which serves as a chemoprotective histone deacetylase inhibitor and/or as an acetylation substrate for histone acetylases. In addition, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) in fish oil can affect the chromatin landscape by acting as ligands for tumor suppressive nuclear receptors. In an effort to gain insight into the global dimension of post-translational modification of histones (including H3K4me3 and H3K9ac) and clarify the chemoprotective impact of dietary bioactive compounds on transcriptional control in a preclinical model of colon cancer, we generated high-resolution genome-wide RNA (RNA-Seq) and "chromatin-state" (H3K4me3-seq and H3K9ac-seq) maps for intestinal (epithelial colonocytes) crypts in rats treated with a colon carcinogen and fed diets containing bioactive (i) fish oil, (ii) fermentable fiber (a rich source of SCFA), (iii) a combination of fish oil plus pectin, or (iv) control, devoid of fish oil or pectin. In general, poor correlation was observed between differentially transcribed (DE) and enriched genes (DERs) at multiple epigenetic levels. The combinatorial diet (fish oil + pectin) uniquely affected transcriptional profiles in the intestinal epithelium, for example, upregulating lipid catabolism and beta-oxidation associated genes. These genes were linked to activated ligand-dependent nuclear receptors associated with n-3 PUFA and were also correlated with the mitochondrial L-carnitine shuttle and the inhibition of lipogenesis. These findings demonstrate that the chemoprotective fish oil + pectin combination diet uniquely induces global histone state modifications linked to the expression of chemoprotective genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Triff
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science - Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Mathew W McLean
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Evelyn Callaway
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science - Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Jennifer Goldsby
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science - Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science - Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
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Abstract
Zebrafish is an often used model of vertebrate lipid metabolism. In this article, we examined the effects of diets rich in fish oil, a dietary fat that has been shown to have antiobesity effects in mammals, or lard on body fat accumulation in zebrafish. Adult female zebrafish were fed a high-fat diet containing 20% (w/w) fish oil or lard for 4 weeks. Fish in the fish oil diet group had less body fat accumulation compared with those in the lard diet group. In the intestine, expression of genes for the alpha (hadhaa) and beta (hadhb) subunits of the beta-oxidation enzyme hydroxyacyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase/3-ketoacyl-Coenzyme A thiolase/enoyl-Coenzyme A hydratase was significantly increased in the fish oil diet group compared with the lard diet group (p < 0.05). In the liver, expression of the gene for fatty acid synthase (fasn) was significantly decreased in the fish oil diet group compared with the lard diet group (p < 0.05). These results suggest that the mechanisms underlying the antiobesity effect of fish oil are similar in zebrafish and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Meguro
- Biological Science Research , Kao Corporation, Tochigi, Japan
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Fatty Acids Consumption: The Role Metabolic Aspects Involved in Obesity and Its Associated Disorders. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9101158. [PMID: 29065507 PMCID: PMC5691774 DOI: 10.3390/nu9101158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its associated disorders, such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, metabolic inflammation, dysbiosis, and non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis, are involved in several molecular and inflammatory mechanisms that alter the metabolism. Food habit changes, such as the quality of fatty acids in the diet, are proposed to treat and prevent these disorders. Some studies demonstrated that saturated fatty acids (SFA) are considered detrimental for treating these disorders. A high fat diet rich in palmitic acid, a SFA, is associated with lower insulin sensitivity and it may also increase atherosclerosis parameters. On the other hand, a high intake of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) fatty acids may promote positive effects, especially on triglyceride levels and increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Moreover, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) are effective at limiting the hepatic steatosis process through a series of biochemical events, such as reducing the markers of non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis, increasing the gene expression of lipid metabolism, decreasing lipogenic activity, and releasing adiponectin. This current review shows that the consumption of unsaturated fatty acids, MUFA, and PUFA, and especially EPA and DHA, which can be applied as food supplements, may promote effects on glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as on metabolic inflammation, gut microbiota, and hepatic metabolism.
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Yang W, Chen X, Liu Y, Chen M, Jiang X, Shen T, Li Q, Yang Y, Ling W. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids increase hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 sensitivity via a PPAR-γ-β-klotho pathway. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201601075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Yang
- Department of Nutrition; School of Public Health; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food; Nutrition and Health; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Nutrition; School of Public Health; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food; Nutrition and Health; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Medicine; University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Nutrition; School of Public Health; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food; Nutrition and Health; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Xinwei Jiang
- Department of Nutrition; School of Public Health; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food; Nutrition and Health; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Tianran Shen
- Department of Nutrition; School of Public Health; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food; Nutrition and Health; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Nutrition; School of Public Health; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food; Nutrition and Health; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Nutrition; School of Public Health; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food; Nutrition and Health; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Wenhua Ling
- Department of Nutrition; School of Public Health; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food; Nutrition and Health; Guangzhou P. R. China
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Botchlett R, Woo SL, Liu M, Pei Y, Guo X, Li H, Wu C. Nutritional approaches for managing obesity-associated metabolic diseases. J Endocrinol 2017; 233:R145-R171. [PMID: 28400405 PMCID: PMC5511693 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is an ongoing pandemic and serves as a causal factor of a wide spectrum of metabolic diseases including diabetes, fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular disease. Much evidence has demonstrated that nutrient overload/overnutrition initiates or exacerbates inflammatory responses in tissues/organs involved in the regulation of systemic metabolic homeostasis. This obesity-associated inflammation is usually at a low-grade and viewed as metabolic inflammation. When it exists continuously, inflammation inappropriately alters metabolic pathways and impairs insulin signaling cascades in peripheral tissues/organs such as adipose tissue, the liver and skeletal muscles, resulting in local fat deposition and insulin resistance and systemic metabolic dysregulation. In addition, inflammatory mediators, e.g., proinflammatory cytokines, and excessive nutrients, e.g., glucose and fatty acids, act together to aggravate local insulin resistance and form a vicious cycle to further disturb the local metabolic pathways and exacerbate systemic metabolic dysregulation. Owing to the critical role of nutrient metabolism in controlling the initiation and progression of inflammation and insulin resistance, nutritional approaches have been implicated as effective tools for managing obesity and obesity-associated metabolic diseases. Based on the mounting evidence generated from both basic and clinical research, nutritional approaches are commonly used for suppressing inflammation, improving insulin sensitivity, and/or decreasing fat deposition. Consequently, the combined effects are responsible for improvement of systemic insulin sensitivity and metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Botchlett
- Department of Nutrition and Food ScienceTexas A&M University, College Station, USA
- Pinnacle Clinical ResearchLive Oak, USA
| | - Shih-Lung Woo
- Department of Nutrition and Food ScienceTexas A&M University, College Station, USA
| | - Mengyang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food ScienceTexas A&M University, College Station, USA
| | - Ya Pei
- Department of Nutrition and Food ScienceTexas A&M University, College Station, USA
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food ScienceTexas A&M University, College Station, USA
- Baylor College of MedicineHouston, USA
| | - Honggui Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food ScienceTexas A&M University, College Station, USA
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food ScienceTexas A&M University, College Station, USA
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Shang T, Liu L, Zhou J, Zhang M, Hu Q, Fang M, Wu Y, Yao P, Gong Z. Protective effects of various ratios of DHA/EPA supplementation on high-fat diet-induced liver damage in mice. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:65. [PMID: 28356106 PMCID: PMC5372293 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0461-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A sedentary lifestyle and poor diet are risk factors for the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, the pathogenesis of hepatic lipid accumulation is not completely understood. Therefore, the present study explored the effects of dietary supplementation of various ratios of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on a high-fat diet-induced lipid metabolism disorder and the concurrent liver damage. Methods Using high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6 J mice as the animal model, diets of various ratios of DHA/EPA (2:1, 1:1, and 1:2) with an n-6/n-3 ratio of 4:1 were prepared using fish and algae oils enriched in DHA and/or EPA and sunflower seed oils to a small extent instead of the high-fat diet. Results Significantly decreased hepatic lipid deposition, body weight, serum lipid profile, inflammatory reactions, lipid peroxidation, and expression of adipogenesis-related proteins and inflammatory factors were observed for mice that were on a diet supplemented with DHA/EPA compared to those in the high-fat control group. The DHA/EPA 1:2 group showed lower serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels, lower SREBP-1C, FAS, and ACC-1 relative mRNA expression, and higher Fra1 mRNA expression, with higher relative mRNA expression of enzymes such as AMPK, PPARα, and HSL observed in the DHA/EPA 1:1 group. Lower liver TC and TG levels and higher superoxide dismutase levels were found in the DHA/EPA 2:1 group. Nonetheless, no other notable effects were observed on the biomarkers mentioned above in the groups treated with DHA/EPA compared with the DHA group. Conclusions The results showed that supplementation with a lower DHA/EPA ratio seems to be more effective at alleviating high-fat diet-induced liver damage in mice, and a DHA/EPA ratio of 1:2 mitigated inflammatory risk factors. These effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on lipid metabolism may be linked to the upregulation of Fra1 and attenuated activity of c-Jun and c-Fos, thus ultimately reducing the severity of the lipid metabolism disorder and liver damage to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Shang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, 68 XueFuNan Road, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, 68 XueFuNan Road, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, 68 XueFuNan Road, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhen Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, 68 XueFuNan Road, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinling Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, 68 XueFuNan Road, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Fang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, 68 XueFuNan Road, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongning Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, 68 XueFuNan Road, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China.,China National Center For Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100022, China
| | - Ping Yao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Gong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, 68 XueFuNan Road, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China.
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Chamma CMDO, Bargut TCL, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA, Aguila MB. A rich medium-chain triacylglycerol diet benefits adiposity but has adverse effects on the markers of hepatic lipogenesis and beta-oxidation. Food Funct 2017; 8:778-787. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01663d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the increasing amounts of medium-chain triacylglycerol (MCT) in the diet on hepatic lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Maria de Oliveira Chamma
- Laboratory of Morphometry
- Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases
- Biomedical Center
- Institute of Biology
- State University of Rio de Janeiro
| | - Thereza Cristina Lonzetti Bargut
- Laboratory of Morphometry
- Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases
- Biomedical Center
- Institute of Biology
- State University of Rio de Janeiro
| | | | - Marcia Barbosa Aguila
- Laboratory of Morphometry
- Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases
- Biomedical Center
- Institute of Biology
- State University of Rio de Janeiro
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43
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Beppu F, Li H, Yoshinaga K, Nagai T, Yoshinda A, Kubo A, Kanda J, Gotoh N. Dietary Starfish Oil Prevents Hepatic Steatosis and Hyperlipidemia in C57BL/6N Mice Fed High-fat Diet. J Oleo Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess17038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Beppu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology
| | - Haoqi Li
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology
| | | | | | | | - Atsushi Kubo
- Department of Ocean Science, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology
| | - Jota Kanda
- Department of Ocean Science, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology
| | - Naohiro Gotoh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology
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Kim M, Pichiah PBT, Kim DK, Cha YS. Black adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) extract exerts phenotypic effects on white adipose tissue and reverses liver steatosis in diet-induced obese mice. J Food Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Kim
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, and Research Institute of Human Ecology; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju 561-756 South Korea
| | | | - Dae Keun Kim
- College of Pharmacy; Woosuk University; Jeonju 565-701 South Korea
| | - Youn-Soo Cha
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, and Research Institute of Human Ecology; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju 561-756 South Korea
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Zhao Z, Barcus M, Kim J, Lum KL, Mills C, Lei XG. High Dietary Selenium Intake Alters Lipid Metabolism and Protein Synthesis in Liver and Muscle of Pigs. J Nutr 2016; 146:1625-33. [PMID: 27466604 PMCID: PMC4997278 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.229955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged high intakes of dietary selenium have been shown to induce gestational diabetes in rats and hyperinsulinemia in pigs. OBJECTIVE Two experiments were conducted to explore metabolic and molecular mechanisms for the diabetogenic potential of high dietary selenium intakes in pigs. METHODS In Expt. 1, 16 Yorkshire-Landrace-Hampshire crossbred pigs (3 wk old, body weight = 7.5 ± 0.81 kg, 50% males and 50% females) were fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet supplemented with 0.3 or 1.0 mg Se/kg (as selenium-enriched yeast for 6 wk). In Expt. 2, 12 pigs of the same crossbreed (6 wk old, body weight = 16.0 ± 1.8 kg) were fed a similar basal diet supplemented with 0.3 or 3.0 mg Se/kg for 11 wk. Biochemical and gene and protein expression profiles of lipid and protein metabolism and selenoproteins in plasma, liver, muscle, and adipose tissues were analyzed. RESULTS In Expt. 1, the 1-mg-Se/kg diet did not affect body weight or plasma concentrations of glucose and nonesterified fatty acids. In Expt. 2, the 3-mg-Se/kg diet, compared with the 0.3-mg-Se/kg diet, increased (P < 0.05) concentrations of plasma insulin (0.2 compared with 0.4 ng/mL), liver and adipose lipids (41% to 2.4-fold), and liver and muscle protein (10-14%). In liver, the 3-mg-Se/kg diet upregulated (P < 0.05) the expression, activity, or both of key factors related to gluconeogenesis [phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK); 13%], lipogenesis [sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1), acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC), and fatty acid synthase (FASN); 46-90%], protein synthesis [insulin receptor (INSR), P70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (P70), and phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 (P-S6); 88-105%], energy metabolism [AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK); up to 2.8-fold], and selenoprotein glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3; 1.4-fold) and suppressed (P < 0.05) mRNA levels of lipolysis gene cytochrome P450, family 7, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (CYP7A1; 88%) and selenoprotein gene selenoprotein W1 (SEPW1; 46%). In muscle, the 3-mg-Se/kg diet exerted no effect on the lipid profiles but enhanced (P < 0.05) expression of P-S6 and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR; 42-176%; protein synthesis); selenoprotein P (SELP; 40-fold); and tumor suppressor protein 53 (P53) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARG; 52-58%; lipogenesis) and suppressed (P < 0.05) expression of INSR (59%; insulin signaling); selenoprotein S (SELS); deiodinases, iodothyronine, type I (DIO1); and thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1; 50%; selenoproteins); and ACC1 and FASN (35-51%; lipogenesis). CONCLUSION Our research showed novel roles, to our best knowledge, and mechanisms of high selenium intakes in regulating the metabolism of protein, along with that of lipid, in a tissue-specific fashion in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xin Gen Lei
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
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46
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Kim HS, Yu OK, Byun MS, Cha YS. Okara, a soybean by-product, prevents high fat diet-induced obesity and improves serum lipid profiles in C57BL/6J mice. Food Sci Biotechnol 2016; 25:607-613. [PMID: 30263313 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-016-0085-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to validate the anti-obesity effect of okara, a soyfood byproduct, in diet induced obese mice. Thirty two C57BL/6J male 4 week old mice were divided into four dietary groups (n=8) fed either normal diet (ND), high fat diet (HD), HD with 10% okara (OL), or HD with 20% okara (OH) for 12 weeks. Body weight gain and epididymal fat weight of OL and OH group were significantly lower than HD group. Similarly, the serum and hepatic lipid profiles in OH were significantly lower than HD group. The fecal triacylglycerol and TC levels in OL and OH increased compared to HD. Also, the expression of PPAR-α was higher in OH than HD group; PPAR-γ and FAS levels were lower in OH compared to HD. In this study, okara consumption appears to protect mice against diet induced obesity (DIO) and metabolic dysregulation related to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Suk Kim
- 1Department of Obesity Research Center, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896 Korea.,2Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896 Korea
| | - Ok-Kyeong Yu
- 1Department of Obesity Research Center, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896 Korea
| | - Moon-Sun Byun
- 1Department of Obesity Research Center, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896 Korea.,2Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896 Korea
| | - Youn-Soo Cha
- 1Department of Obesity Research Center, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896 Korea.,2Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896 Korea
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47
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Xu P, Wang H, Kayoumu A, Wang M, Huang W, Liu G. Diet rich in Docosahexaenoic Acid/Eicosapentaenoic Acid robustly ameliorates hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in seipin deficient lipodystrophy mice. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2015; 12:58. [PMID: 26690553 PMCID: PMC4683947 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-015-0054-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), in particular eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have been shown to effectively improve hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance caused by obesity. Lipodystrophy could also develop insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. However, the effect of supplemental DHA/EPA to hepatic steatosis caused by lipodystrophy is unknown. In this study, we investigated whether a diet rich in n-3 PUFAs could ameliorate severe steatosis in lipoatrophic seipin gene knockout (SKO) mice. METHODS Eight-week-old C57BL/6 J WT and SKO mice were fed with normal chow diet (NC), or 2 % DHA/EPA (3:1) diet for 12 weeks. Total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) in plasma and liver, plasma high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), glucose (Glu), insulin, leptin and adiponectin levels were measured. Gene regulations and protein levels were investigated using quantitative PCR and western blot in liver. RESULTS We found that the DHA/EPA diet protected against hepatic steatosis effectively in SKO mice morphologically. Hepatic TG content was decreased about 40 % (p < 0.05) in SKO mice fed with the DHA/EPA diet compared to chow fed SKO controls. Glucose and insulin tolerance were also improved significantly in SKO mice with DHA/EPA diet. In analyzing hepatic gene expression pattern it was found that TG synthesis related genes, such as carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP), stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) and fatty acid synthase (Fas) were upregulated in SKO mice compared to WT mice but were significantly decreased in SKO mice on DHA/EPA diet. Fatty acid β-oxidation related genes, on the other hand, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) and acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1) were elevated in both WT and SKO groups on DHA/EPA diets. The protein levels of PPARα, SCD1, CPT1α, Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) and ratio of p-AKT to AKT showed the same tendency as the result of genes expressions. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that n-3 PUFAs rich diet ameliorates lipodystrophy-induced hepatic steatosis through reducing TG synthesis, improving insulin resistance and enhancing β-oxidation in SKO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38, XueYuan Road, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100191 People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38, XueYuan Road, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100191 People’s Republic of China
| | - Abudurexiti Kayoumu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38, XueYuan Road, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100191 People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengyu Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38, XueYuan Road, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100191 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38, XueYuan Road, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100191 People’s Republic of China
| | - George Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38, XueYuan Road, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100191 People’s Republic of China
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Park EY, Choi H, Yoon JY, Lee IY, Seo Y, Moon HS, Hwang JH, Jun HS. Polyphenol-Rich Fraction of Ecklonia cava Improves Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in High Fat Diet-Fed Mice. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:6866-83. [PMID: 26569269 PMCID: PMC4663557 DOI: 10.3390/md13116866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecklonia cava (E. cava; CA) is an edible brown alga with beneficial effects in diabetes via regulation of various metabolic processes such as lipogenesis, lipolysis, inflammation, and the antioxidant defense system in liver and adipose tissue. We investigated the effect of the polyphenol-rich fraction of E. cava produced from Gijang (G-CA) on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. C57BL6 mice were fed a HFD for six weeks and then the HFD group was administered 300 mg/kg of G-CA extracts by oral intubation for 10 weeks. Body weight, fat mass, and serum biochemical parameters were reduced by G-CA extract treatment. MRI/MRS analysis showed that liver fat and liver volume in HFD-induced obese mice were reduced by G-CA extract treatment. Further, we analyzed hepatic gene expression related to inflammation and lipid metabolism. The mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and hepatic lipogenesis-related genes were decreased in G-CA-treated HFD mice. The mRNA expression levels of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase 1 (CYP7A1), the key enzyme in bile acid synthesis, were dramatically increased by G-CA treatment in HFD mice. We suggest that G-CA treatment ameliorated hepatic steatosis by inhibiting inflammation and improving lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Park
- College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam 58554, Korea.
| | - Hojung Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21999, Korea.
| | - Ji-Young Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21999, Korea.
| | - In-Young Lee
- Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center (KMMPC), Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21999, Korea.
| | - Youngwan Seo
- Ocean Science & Technology School, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Korea.
| | - Hong-Seop Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam 58554, Korea.
| | - Jong-Hee Hwang
- Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center (KMMPC), Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21999, Korea.
| | - Hee-Sook Jun
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21999, Korea.
- Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Hospital, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21565, Korea.
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Bargut TCL, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA, Aguila MB. A high-fish-oil diet prevents adiposity and modulates white adipose tissue inflammation pathways in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:960-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Soni NK, Nookaew I, Sandberg AS, Gabrielsson BG. Eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid-enriched high fat diet delays the development of fatty liver in mice. Lipids Health Dis 2015; 14:74. [PMID: 26193881 PMCID: PMC4509768 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-015-0072-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low hepatic content of n-3 PUFA has been associated with NAFLD in humans. Whether this is associated with reduced dietary intake or increased turnover of these FA is not clear. We have here investigated the effects of dietary fat quality on hepatic lipid storage and transcriptomics over time. AIM To investigate the effects of quality of fat in a high fat diet (HFD) over time on hepatic lipid storage and liver transcriptomics. METHODS AND RESULTS Male C57BL/6J mice were fed control, HFD-eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)/ docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or HFD-corn oil diet for 8 or 12 weeks. Body weight, body composition, plasma and hepatic triglyceride contents were measured. Hepatic transcriptomes were analysed by microarray followed by gene-set enrichment analyses. At 8 weeks, the HFD-corn oil mice had higher body weight and adipose depot mass than the HFD-EPA/DHA but there were no differences at 12 weeks. Hepatic triglyceride content was lower in HFD-EPA/DHA fed compared with the HFD-corn oil fed mice at both time-points. Enrichment analyses of the hepatic transcriptomes showed that lipid/fatty acid biosynthesis; transport and homeostasis were lower in the HFD-EPA/DHA fed compared with the HFD-corn oil fed mice. Genes encoding proteins associated to cytoplasmic lipid droplets were expressed at higher levels in livers from the HFD-corn oil compared to HFD-EPA/DHA mice. CONCLUSIONS Dietary EPA and DHA counteracted development of HFD-induced fatty liver. The liver transcriptome data implicate that the quality of dietary fat could modulate Ppar-related gene expression that in turn affects hepatic lipid storage and maintenance of metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikul K Soni
- Divisions of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Intawat Nookaew
- The division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Present address: Comparative Genomics Group, Biosciences division, Oak Ridge National Library, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA.
| | - Ann-Sofie Sandberg
- Divisions of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Britt G Gabrielsson
- Divisions of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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