1
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Mitchell AM, Kowalsky JM, Christian LM, Belury MA, Cole RM. Perceived social support predicts self-reported and objective health and health behaviors among pregnant women. J Behav Med 2022; 45:589-602. [PMID: 35449357 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-022-00306-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Perinatal health and health behaviors play a crucial role in maternal and neonatal health. Data examining psychosocial factors which predict self-reported health and health behaviors as well as objective indicators downstream of health behaviors among pregnant women are lacking. In this longitudinal study design with 131 pregnant women, perceived social support was examined as a predictor of self-rated health and average levels of sleep quality, health-promoting and health-impairing behaviors, and red blood cell (RBC) polyunsaturated fatty acids across early, mid, and late pregnancy. Participants provided a blood sample and fatty acid methyl esters were analyzed by gas chromatography. Measures included the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Prenatal Health Behavior Scale. Regression models demonstrated that, after adjustment for income, race/ethnicity, age, relationship status, pre-pregnancy body mass index, greater social support was associated with better self-rated health (p = 0.001), greater sleep quality (p = 0.001), fewer health-impairing behaviors (p = 0.02), and higher RBC omega-3 fatty acids (p = 0.003). Associations among social support with health-promoting behaviors, RBC omega-6 fatty acids, or gestational weight gain were not significant. Findings underscore the benefits of perceived social support in the context of pregnancy. Examination of pathways that link social support with these outcomes will be meaningful in determining the ways in which perinatal psychosocial interventions may promote health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Mitchell
- Department of Counseling and Human Development, College of Education and Human Development, University of Louisville, Woodford and Harriett Porter Building, 1905 South 1st Street, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
| | | | - Lisa M Christian
- Department of Psychiatry &, Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Martha A Belury
- Department of Human Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rachel M Cole
- Department of Human Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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2
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Gao S, He Y, Zhang L, Liu L, Qu C, Zheng Z, Miao J. Conjugated linoleic acid ameliorates hepatic steatosis by modulating intestinal permeability and gut microbiota in ob/ob mice. Food Nutr Res 2022; 66:8226. [PMID: 35382379 PMCID: PMC8941409 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v66.8226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is an effective supplement for reducing fat mass, but its effect on hepatic steatosis remains controversial. Objective This study aims to evaluate the effect of CLA on liver fat accumulation, inflammation, gut microbiome, and intestinal barrier integrity. Design Wild-type (WT) mice and ob/ob (OB) mice were randomly divided into four groups according to the treatment with/without 1% CLA: WT, WT mice treated with CLA (WT-CLA), OB, and OB mice treated with CLA (OB-CLA). Lipid metabolism and hepatic fat accumulation were evaluated by changes in histological and biochemical parameters. Gene expressions related to liver inflammation and intestinal barrier integrity were examined. The effect of CLA on the gut microbiota population was investigated. Results The body weight, fatty tissue mass, and serum lipid levels of the WT-CLA group and OB-CLA group were separately lower than those of the WT group and OB group, but the livers of the WT-CLA group had more fatty lipids, higher triglyceride properties, and saturated fatty acid (FA) composition than those of the WT group, which was contrary to the effect of CLA on OB mice. Real time quantitative PCR results showed that CLA increased hepatic inflammation and intestinal permeability in the WT mice, while it significantly decreased the mRNA expression of liver TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-1β and markedly ameliorated intestinal tight junction proteins in the OB mice. The gut microbiota testing indicated a higher abundance of beneficial bacteria (e.g., Lachnoclostridium, Roseburia, Dubosiella, Oscillibacter, and Anaerostipes) and a lower abundance of pro-inflammatory bacteria (e.g., Tyzzerella and Alistipes) in the OB-CLA group than those of the OB group. Correlation analysis suggested that gut microbiota correlated with liver inflammation, intestinal permeability, and hepatic FA composition. Conclusion CLA potentially contributed to ameliorating hepatic steatosis in OB mice via modulating liver inflammation, intestinal permeability, and gut microbiota, which suggests CLA is more suitable for people with obesity or overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengli Gao
- Biomedical Center, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingying He
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Qingdao, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Qingdao, China.,Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University
| | - Lina Liu
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University
| | - Changfeng Qu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Qingdao, China.,Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products Research and Development, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhou Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Qingdao, China.,Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products Research and Development, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinlai Miao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Qingdao, China.,Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University.,Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products Research and Development, Qingdao, China.,Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
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3
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Frankhouser DE, Steck S, Sovic MG, Belury MA, Wang Q, Clinton SK, Bundschuh R, Yan PS, Yee LD. Dietary omega-3 fatty acid intake impacts peripheral blood DNA methylation -anti-inflammatory effects and individual variability in a pilot study. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 99:108839. [PMID: 34411715 PMCID: PMC9142761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 or n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are widely studied for health benefits that may relate to anti-inflammatory activity. However, mechanisms mediating an anti-inflammatory response to n-3 PUFA intake are not fully understood. Of interest is the emerging role of fatty acids to impact DNA methylation (DNAm) and thereby modulate mediating inflammatory processes. In this pilot study, we investigated the impact of n-3 PUFA intake on DNAm in inflammation-related signaling pathways in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of women at high risk of breast cancer. PBMCs of women at high risk of breast cancer (n=10) were obtained at baseline and after 6 months of n-3 PUFA (5 g/d EPA+DHA dose arm) intake in a previously reported dose finding trial. DNA methylation of PBMCs was assayed by reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) to obtain genome-wide methylation profiles at the single nucleotide level. We examined the impact of n-3 PUFA on genome-wide DNAm and focused upon a set of candidate genes associated with inflammation signaling pathways and breast cancer. We identified 24,842 differentially methylated CpGs (DMCs) in gene promoters of 5507 genes showing significant enrichment for hypermethylation in both the candidate gene and genome-wide analyses. Pathway analysis identified significantly hypermethylated signaling networks after n-3 PUFA treatment, such as the Toll-like Receptor inflammatory pathway. The DNAm pattern in individuals and the response to n-3 PUFA intake are heterogeneous. PBMC DNAm profiling suggests a mechanism whereby n-3 PUFAs may impact inflammatory cascades associated with disease processes including carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Frankhouser
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus OH USA
| | - Sarah Steck
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, USA
| | - Michael G Sovic
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, USA
| | - Martha A Belury
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, , Columbus OH, USA
| | - Qianben Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, , Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Steven K Clinton
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, , Columbus OH, USA
| | - Ralf Bundschuh
- Departments of Physics and Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, , Columbus OH, USA; Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus OH , USA
| | - Pearlly S Yan
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, USA; Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus OH , USA
| | - Lisa D Yee
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, , Columbus OH , USA.
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4
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Sanzana S, Rodríguez L, Barraza Barrionuevo H, Albornoz Poblete C, Maróstica Junior MR, Fuentes E, Palomo I. Antiplatelet Activity of Cucurbita maxima. J Med Food 2021; 24:1197-1205. [PMID: 34463138 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural extracts constitute an important source in the prevention of noncommunicable diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases. The pumpkin, Cucurbita maxima, is widely consumed in Chile. Pumpkin seeds, despite having crude protein, lipids, and carbohydrates, are regarded as agro-industrial waste. In this work, we correlated the antiplatelet activity of aqueous, ethanolic, and methanolic extracts from pumpkin seeds with their bioactive compounds. In vitro platelet aggregation and activation studies were performed by turbidimetry and flow cytometry, respectively. Results reveal that the extracts inhibited, in a dose-dependent manner, platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate, thrombin receptor activator peptide 6 (TRAP-6), and collagen. Pumpkin seed extracts inhibited P-selectin secretion and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa activation on TRAP-6-activated platelets. They were found to be rich in fatty acids and a powerful source of plant-based protein, which could be related to the high antiplatelet potential identified in extracts. This research demonstrated that pumpkin seed extracts could be a candidate in the prevention of thrombotic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Sanzana
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Lyanne Rodríguez
- Thrombosis Research Center, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Hayleen Barraza Barrionuevo
- Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - César Albornoz Poblete
- Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Mário Roberto Maróstica Junior
- Ibero-American Network for the Integrated Use of Underutilized Indigenous Foods (ALSUB-CYTED).,School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Faculty of School Engineering (FEA), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Fuentes
- Thrombosis Research Center, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Iván Palomo
- Thrombosis Research Center, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
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5
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The Egg Yolk Content in ω-3 and Conjugated Fatty Acids Can Be Sustainably Increased upon Long-Term Feeding of Laying Hens with a Diet Containing Flaxseeds and Pomegranate Seed Oil. Foods 2021; 10:foods10051134. [PMID: 34069647 PMCID: PMC8160806 DOI: 10.3390/foods10051134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term feeding trials examining the incorporation of conjugated linolenic acids (CLnA) into the diet of laying hens are lacking. In the present study, we compared two diets in sixty-six red Sex-Link hens (33 hens/treatment), fed for 26 weeks. The control diet was high in oleic acid, while the test diet was high in α-linolenic acid (ALA) and punicic acid (PunA). No significant differences were observed between treatments for hens’ performance, egg weight and yolk weight. In contrast, dietary ALA and PunA resulted in a significant increase in n-3 PUFA, rumenic acid (RmA) and PunA contents in egg yolk, as well as in the liver, heart, muscle and adipose tissue of the hens. Other conjugated dienes resulting from the metabolism of PunA or RmA also accumulated in the egg yolk and tissues. Unlike DHA, which was exclusively distributed in phospholipids, ALA, RmA and PunA were preferably distributed in triglycerides.
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6
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Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) are distinctive polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are present in food produced by ruminant animals and they are accumulated in seeds of certain plants. These naturally occurring substances have demonstrated to have anti-carcinogenic activity. Their potential effect to inhibit cancer has been shown in vivo and in vitro studies. In this review, we present the multiple effects of CLA isomers on cancer development such as anti-tumor efficiency, anti-mutagenic and anti-oxidant activity. Although the majority of the studies in vivo and in vitro summarized in this review have demonstrated beneficial effects of CLA on the proliferation and apoptosis of tumor cells, further experimental work is needed to estimate the true value of CLA as a real anti-cancer agent.
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7
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Murru E, Carta G, Manca C, Sogos V, Pistis M, Melis M, Banni S. Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Brain Metabolism: A Possible Anti-Neuroinflammatory Role Mediated by PPARα Activation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:587140. [PMID: 33505308 PMCID: PMC7832089 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.587140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids play a crucial role in the brain as specific receptor ligands and as precursors of bioactive metabolites. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a group of positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid (LA, 18:2 n-6) present in meat and dairy products of ruminants and synthesized endogenously in non-ruminants and humans, has been shown to possess different nutritional properties associated with health benefits. Its ability to bind to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α, a nuclear receptor key regulator of fatty acid metabolism and inflammatory responses, partly mediates these beneficial effects. CLA is incorporated and metabolized into brain tissue where induces the biosynthesis of endogenous PPARα ligands palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and oleoylethanolamide (OEA), likely through a positive feedback mechanism where PPARα activation sustains its own cellular effects through ligand biosynthesis. In addition to PPARα, PEA and OEA may as well bind to other receptors such as TRPV1, further extending CLA own anti-neuroinflammatory actions. Future studies are needed to investigate whether dietary CLA may exert anti-inflammatory activity, particularly in the setting of neurodegenerative diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders with a neuroinflammatory basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Murru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Gianfranca Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Claudia Manca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Valeria Sogos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Marco Pistis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Miriam Melis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Banni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
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8
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Wang S, Mohammed KAF, Zhang Y, Ruan D, Xia W, Fouad AM, Zheng C, Chen W. Nutritional impacts of using graded levels of dietary linoleic acid on egg production, egg quality, and yolk fatty acid profile of laying ducks. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1873708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Khaled Abouelezz Fouad Mohammed
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Production, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiguang Xia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ahmed Mohamed Fouad
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Production, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Chuntian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Ngo Njembe MT, Dormal E, Gardin C, Mignolet E, Debier C, Larondelle Y. Effect of the dietary combination of flaxseed and Ricinodendron heudelotii or Punica granatum seed oil on the fatty acid profile of eggs. Food Chem 2020; 344:128668. [PMID: 33267981 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The health promoting omega-3, -7, and -5 fatty acids, α-linolenic acid (ALA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), rumenic acid (RmA), and α-eleostearic acid (α-ESA)/punicic acid (PunA), are not currently combined in frequently consumed food items. We have evaluated the impact of supplementing laying hens' feeds with flaxseeds combined with oil derived from seeds of either Ricinodendron heudelotii, an α-ESA source, or Punica granatum, a PunA source, on the egg fatty acid profile. The supplemented diets increased the egg content in ALA, DHA, RmA, as well as α-ESA or PunA. The combination of dietary lipids did not affect the conversion rate of ALA into DHA. Hens fed on R. heudelotii or P. granatum seed oil both accumulated RmA in egg yolk, indicating an efficient conversion from the α-ESA or PunA precursors through a Δ-13 reductase activity. The accumulation of PunA in eggs was largely higher than that of α-ESA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Ngo Njembe
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - E Dormal
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - C Gardin
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - E Mignolet
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - C Debier
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Y Larondelle
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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10
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Gnott M, Vogel L, Kröger-Koch C, Dannenberger D, Tuchscherer A, Tröscher A, Trevisi E, Stefaniak T, Bajzert J, Starke A, Mielenz M, Bachmann L, Hammon HM. Changes in fatty acids in plasma and association with the inflammatory response in dairy cows abomasally infused with essential fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid during late and early lactation. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:11889-11910. [PMID: 32981719 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dairy cows are exposed to increased inflammatory processes in the transition period from late pregnancy to early lactation. Essential fatty acids (EFA) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) are thought to modulate the inflammatory response in dairy cows. The present study investigated the effects of a combined EFA and CLA infusion on the fatty acid (FA) status in plasma lipids, and whether changes in the FA pattern were associated with the acute phase and inflammatory response during late pregnancy and early lactation. Rumen-cannulated Holstein cows (n = 40) were assigned from wk 9 antepartum to wk 9 postpartum to 1 of 4 treatment groups. Cows were abomasally supplemented with coconut oil (CTRL, 76 g/d), linseed and safflower oil (EFA, 78 g/d of linseed oil and 4 g/d of safflower oil; ratio of oils = 19.5:1; n-6:n-3 FA ratio = 1:3), Lutalin (CLA, 38 g/d; isomers cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12; each 10 g/d), or both (EFA+CLA). Blood samples were taken to measure changes in FA in blood plasma on d -63, -42, 1, 28, and 56, and in plasma lipid fractions (cholesterol esters, free fatty acids, phospholipids, and triglycerides) on d -42, 1, and 56 relative to calving, and in erythrocyte membrane (EM) on d 56 after calving. Traits related to the acute phase response and inflammation were measured in blood throughout the study. Liver samples were obtained for biopsy on d -63, -21, 1, 28, and 63 relative to calving to measure the mRNA abundance of genes related to the inflammatory response. The concentrations of α-linolenic acid and n-3 FA metabolites increased in lipid fractions (especially phospholipids) and EM due to EFA supplementation with higher α-linolenic acid but lower n-3 metabolite concentrations in EFA+CLA than in EFA treatment only. Concentration of linoleic acid decreased in plasma fat toward calving and increased during early lactation in all groups. Concentration of plasma arachidonic acid was lower in EFA- than in non-EFA-treated groups in lipid fractions and EM. The cis-9,trans-11 CLA increased in all lipid fractions and EM after both CLA treatments. Plasma haptoglobin was lowered by EFA treatment before calving. Plasma bilirubin was lower in EFA and CLA than in CTRL at calving. Plasma concentration of IL-1β was higher in EFA than in CTRL and EFA+CLA at certain time points before and after calving. Plasma fibrinogen dropped faster in CLA than in EFA and EFA+CLA on d 14 postpartum. Plasma paraoxonase tended to be elevated by EFA treatment, and was higher in EFA+CLA than in CTRL on d 49. Hepatic mRNA abundance revealed time changes but no treatment effects with respect to the inflammatory response. Our data confirmed the enrichment of n-3 FA in EM by EFA treatment and the inhibition of n-3 FA desaturation by CLA treatment. The elevated n-3 FA status and reduced n-6:n-3 ratio by EFA treatment indicated a more distinct effect on the inflammatory response during the transition period than the single CLA treatment, and the combined EFA+CLA treatment caused minor additional changes on the anti-inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gnott
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - L Vogel
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - C Kröger-Koch
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - D Dannenberger
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - A Tuchscherer
- Institute of Genetics and Biometry, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | | | - E Trevisi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - T Stefaniak
- Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Science, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - J Bajzert
- Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Science, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - A Starke
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Mielenz
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - L Bachmann
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - H M Hammon
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
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11
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Cole RM, Puchala S, Ke JY, Abdel-Rasoul M, Harlow K, O'Donnell B, Bradley D, Andridge R, Borkowski K, Newman JW, Belury MA. Linoleic Acid-Rich Oil Supplementation Increases Total and High-Molecular-Weight Adiponectin and Alters Plasma Oxylipins in Postmenopausal Women with Metabolic Syndrome. Curr Dev Nutr 2020; 4:nzaa136. [PMID: 32923921 PMCID: PMC7475005 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The onset of menopause increases the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Adiponectin is an adipokine associated with insulin sensitivity that is lower in people with MetS. Supplementing diets with linoleic acid (LA)-rich oil increased adiponectin concentrations and improved glucose control in women with type 2 diabetes. The effect of LA on adipokines, especially total and the bioactive form of adiponectin, high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin, in women with MetS is unknown. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore the effect of supplementation of the diet with an oil rich in LA on adipokines in women with MetS. The effect of the LA-rich oil (LA-oil) on oxylipins, key metabolites that may influence inflammation and metabolism, was also explored. METHODS In this open-label single-arm pilot study, 18 postmenopausal nondiabetic women with MetS enrolled in a 2-phase study were instructed to consume LA-rich vegetable oil (10 mL/d) as part of their habitual diets. Women consumed an oleic acid-rich oil (OA-oil) for 4 wk followed by an LA-oil for 16 wk. Fasting concentrations of adipokines, fatty acids, oxylipins, and markers of glycemia and inflammation were measured. RESULTS After 4 wk of OA-oil consumption, fasting glucose and total adiponectin concentrations decreased whereas fasting C-reactive protein increased. After 16 wk of LA-oil supplementation total and HMW adiponectin and plasma oxylipins increased. Markers of inflammation and glycemia were unchanged after LA-oil consumption. CONCLUSIONS Supplementation with LA-oil increased total and HMW adiponectin concentrations and altered plasma oxylipin profiles. Larger studies are needed to elucidate the links between these changes and MetS.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02063165.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Cole
- Program of Human Nutrition, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sarah Puchala
- Program of Human Nutrition, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jia-Yu Ke
- Program of Human Nutrition, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Kristin Harlow
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Benjamin O'Donnell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - David Bradley
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rebecca Andridge
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kamil Borkowski
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - John W Newman
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- USDA Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Martha A Belury
- Program of Human Nutrition, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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12
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Beneficial Effects of a Low-dose of Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Body Weight Gain and other Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Cafeteria Diet-fed Rats. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020408. [PMID: 32033223 PMCID: PMC7071287 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a dietary supplement that has been shown to improve obesity. However, some authors have associated high doses of CLA supplementation with liver impairment and insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to assess whether the consumption of low doses of CLA maintained the beneficial effects on the main metabolic disturbances associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) but prevented the occurrence of non-desirable outcomes associated with its consumption. Male Wistar rats, fed standard or cafeteria (CAF) diet for 12 weeks, were supplemented with three different low doses of CLA in the last three weeks. Both biochemical and H1 NMR-based metabolomics profiles were analysed in serum and liver. The consumption of 100 mg/kg CLA, but not doses of 200 and 300 mg/kg, ameliorated the increase in body weight gain as well as the serum concentrations of glucose, insulin, cholesterol, triglyceride, diglyceride, and total phospholipid induced by a CAF diet. In turn, CLA reverted the increase in lactate, alanine, and glucose concentrations in the liver of these animals, but enhanced hepatic cholesterol accumulation without any detrimental effect on liver function. In conclusion, a low dose of CLA corrected the adverse effects associated with MetS without compromising other metabolic parameters.
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13
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Johnson KM, Weinhold KR, Andridge R, Arnold K, Chu PP, Orchard TS. Associations of Erythrocyte Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids with Inflammation and Quality of Life in Post-Menopausal Women with Obesity Completing a Pilot Dietary Intervention. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071589. [PMID: 31337035 PMCID: PMC6683028 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Study objectives were to determine if erythrocyte omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) increased in women participating in a dietary intervention that reduced inflammation and body weight and examine PUFA associations with markers of inflammation and quality of life (QOL). An experimental pre-post test, single group design was used. Fifteen post-menopausal women with obesity were enrolled in a 12-week pilot intervention focusing on lowering added sugars and increasing fiber and fish rich in n-3 PUFAs. Measurements included fasting blood samples, anthropometric, lifestyle and dietary data collected at baseline, end of intervention (Week 12) and follow-up (Week 24). Primary outcomes were change in erythrocyte PUFAs and associations between erythrocyte PUFAs, QOL (Short Form 12), and inflammatory markers (interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α-receptor 2, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP)). Fourteen women completed all intervention visits. Mean erythrocyte docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid (AA) increased at Week 12 and Week 24 (p < 0.001 for both), while eicosapentaenoic acid increased at Week 24 (p < 0.01). After adjustment for percent weight change, week 12 QOL related to physical function was significantly associated with erythrocyte linoleic acid (p < 0.05) and trended toward significant association with EPA (p = 0.051); week 24 CRP was directly associated with erythrocyte AA (p < 0.05). Erythrocyte n-3 PUFAs were not associated with inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie M Johnson
- Department of Human Sciences, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kellie R Weinhold
- Department of Human Sciences, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Rebecca Andridge
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kristen Arnold
- Department of Human Sciences, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Panchita P Chu
- Department of Human Sciences, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Tonya S Orchard
- Department of Human Sciences, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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14
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Davinelli S, Corbi G, Zarrelli A, Arisi M, Calzavara-Pinton P, Grassi D, De Vivo I, Scapagnini G. Short-term supplementation with flavanol-rich cocoa improves lipid profile, antioxidant status and positively influences the AA/EPA ratio in healthy subjects. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 61:33-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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15
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Randomized placebo-controlled pilot trial of omega 3 fatty acids for prevention of aromatase inhibitor-induced musculoskeletal pain. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 167:709-718. [PMID: 29101597 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4559-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aromatase inhibitor (AI)-induced joint symptoms negatively impact drug adherence and quality of life in breast cancer survivors. Mechanisms underlying symptoms may include inflammation. It is hypothesized that n - 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have anti-inflammatory properties and may reduce symptoms. METHODS We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study comparing 4.3 g/day n - 3 PUFA supplements vs placebo for 24 weeks in postmenopausal breast cancer patients starting adjuvant AIs. Primary endpoints were adherence and tolerability; secondary outcomes included inflammatory cytokines and symptoms assessed by the Brief Pain Inventory short form (BPI-SF) and Functional Assessment of Cancer Treatment-Endocrine Symptoms (FACT-ES) at 0, 12, and 24 weeks. RESULTS Forty-four women were randomized, of which 35 completed the study. Adherence was ≥ 88% based on these 35 patients with pill counts as well as change in red blood cell (RBC) n - 3 PUFAs. Common toxicities included grade 1 flatulence (55% of both groups) and belching (45% of n - 3 group). Mean pain severity scores (BPI-SF) did not change significantly by time or treatment arm. Quality of life, based on FACT-ES scores, significantly decreased within placebo (p = 0.04), but not the n - 3 group (p = 0.58), with a trend toward between-group differences (p = 0.06) at 12 weeks, but no significant differences at 24 weeks. RBC n - 3 levels were strongly positively correlated with FACT-ES at 12 weeks, but attenuated at 24 weeks. CONCLUSION High-dose n - 3 PUFA supplementation is feasible and well tolerated when administered with AIs. Additional studies are needed to evaluate efficacy in prevention of joint symptoms.
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16
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Bergamo P, Cocca E, Monaco A, Cozzolino V, Boscaino F, Ferrandino I, Maurano F, Rossi M. Protective effect of Rumenic acid rich cow's milk against colitis is associated with the activation of Nrf2 pathway in a murine model. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2017; 125:14-23. [PMID: 28987717 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dietary supplementation with pure cis9, trans11 isomer of Conjugated Linoleic Acid -known as Rumenic Acid (RA)- improves cytoprotective defenses downstream through the activation of nuclear factor-E2-related factor-2(Nrf2). This capability, when Rumenic Acid is consumed in the form of foods, is still unknown. The ability of standard (St) or cow milk naturally-enriched in RA (En) to activate Nrf2 pathway and its impact on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis was comparatively evaluated. Activity of Nrf2 pathway was investigated in colonic tissue of BALB/c mice, receiving 4-week supplement with skimmed milk (SK), St or St reinforced with pure RA (RSt) providing increasing RA dose (0, 124 or 404mg RA/kg-1 b.w, respectively). Next, the anti-oxidant/ anti-inflammatory effect produced by St or En treatment (383mg RA/kg-1 b.w.) was explored. Finally, macroscopic and histomorphologic features of colitis were evaluated in animals challenged with 5% (w/v) DSS, at the end of St or En treatment. Significant activation of Nrf2 pathway is associated with RSt and En intake (P<0.05), but not with SK or En treatment. En pre-treatment offers better protection, in comparison with St, against pro-oxidant, pro-inflammatory signs (P<0.01) and macroscopic signs triggered by DSS. It can be concluded that Nrf2 activation by higher RA amount contained in En is, at least in part, responsible for the improved protection associated with En intake against DSS-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bergamo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISA), Avellino, Italy.
| | - E Cocca
- Institute of Biosciences and Bio-resources, National Research Council (CNR-IBBR), Naples, Italy
| | - A Monaco
- Department of Biology, University "Federico II" of Naples, Italy
| | - V Cozzolino
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISA), Avellino, Italy
| | - F Boscaino
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISA), Avellino, Italy
| | - I Ferrandino
- Department of Biology, University "Federico II" of Naples, Italy
| | - F Maurano
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISA), Avellino, Italy
| | - M Rossi
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISA), Avellino, Italy
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17
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Khajeh M, Rahbarghazi R, Nouri M, Darabi M. Potential role of polyunsaturated fatty acids, with particular regard to the signaling pathways of arachidonic acid and its derivatives in the process of maturation of the oocytes: Contemporary review. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 94:458-467. [PMID: 28779707 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Oocyte meiotic maturation is one of the significant physiological requirements for ovulation and fertility. It is believed that Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate, protein kinase A and protein kinase C pathways along with eicosanoids, particularly prostaglandin E2, and steroids are the key factors regulating mammalian oocyte maturation. The aim of the current study was to highlight the molecular events triggered by arachidonic acid during oocyte meiotic arrest and resumption at the time of gonadotrophin surge. It should be noted that arachidonic acid release is tightly regulated by Follicle-stimulating and Luteinizing hormones during oocyte development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Khajeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masoud Darabi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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18
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Białek A, Stawarska A, Bodecka J, Białek M, Tokarz A. Pomegranate seed oil influences the fatty acids profile and reduces the activity of desaturases in livers of Sprague-Dawley rats. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2017; 131:9-16. [PMID: 28559164 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to compare the influence of diet supplementation with pomegranate seed oil - as conjugated linolenic acids (CLnA) source, or conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) and to examine the mechanism of their activity. The content of fatty acids, levels of biomarkers of lipids' oxidation and the activity of key enzymes catalyzing lipids metabolism were measured. Obtained results revealed that conjugated fatty acids significantly decrease the activity of Δ5-desaturase (p=0.0001) and Δ6-desaturase (p=0.0008) and pomegranate seed oil reduces their activity in the most potent way. We confirmed that diet supplementation with pomegranate seed oil - a rich source of punicic acid leads to the increase of cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in livers (p=0.0003). Lack of side effects and beneficial influence on desaturases activity and fatty acids profile claim pomegranate seed oil to become interesting alternative for CLA as functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Białek
- Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Stawarska
- Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Bodecka
- Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Białek
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Instytucka 3, 05-110, Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Andrzej Tokarz
- Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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19
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Body weight affects ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) accumulation in youth following supplementation in post-hoc analyses of a randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173087. [PMID: 28379964 PMCID: PMC5381773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Guidelines for suggested intake of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are limited in youth and rely primarily on age. However, body weight varies considerably within age classifications. The current analyses examined effects of body weight and body mass index (BMI) on fatty acid accumulation in 64 youth (7–14 years) with a diagnosed mood disorder in a double-blind randomized-controlled trial (2000mg ω-3 supplements or a control capsule) across 12 weeks. Weight and height were measured at the first study visit and EPA and DHA levels were determined using fasting blood samples obtained at both the first and end-of-study visits. In the ω-3 supplementation group, higher baseline body weight predicted less plasma accumulation of both EPA [B = -0.047, (95% CI = -0.077; -0.017), β = -0.54, p = 0.003] and DHA [B = -0.02, (95% CI = -0.034; -0.007), β = -0.52, p = 0.004]. Similarly, higher BMI percentile as well as BMI category (underweight, normal weight, overweight/obese) predicted less accumulation of EPA and DHA (ps≤0.01). Adherence to supplementation was negatively correlated with BMI percentile [B = -0.002 (95% CI = -0.004; 0.00), β = -0.44, p = 0.019], but did not meaningfully affect observed associations. As intended, the control supplement exerted no significant effect on plasma levels of relevant fatty acids regardless of youth body parameters. These data show strong linear relationships of both absolute body weight and BMI percentile with ω-3 PUFA accumulation in youth. A dose-response effect was observed across the BMI spectrum. Given increasing variability in weight within BMI percentile ranges as youth age, dosing based on absolute weight should be considered. Moreover, effects of weight should be incorporated into statistical models in studies examining clinical effects of ω-3 PUFAs in youth as well as adults, as weight-related differences in effects may contribute meaningfully to inconsistencies in the current literature. Trial registration. WHO International Clinical Trial Registry Platform NCT01341925 and NCT01507753
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20
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Arnold LE, Young AS, Belury MA, Cole RM, Gracious B, Seidenfeld AM, Wolfson H, Fristad MA. Omega-3 Fatty Acid Plasma Levels Before and After Supplementation: Correlations with Mood and Clinical Outcomes in the Omega-3 and Therapy Studies. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2017; 27:223-233. [PMID: 28157380 PMCID: PMC5397211 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2016.0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine fatty acid profiles, their response to omega-3 fatty acid (Ω3) supplementation, and associations with clinical status and treatment response in youth with mood disorders. METHODS In a placebo-controlled 2X2 design, 7-14 year-olds (N = 95) in parallel pilot trials (depression N = 72; bipolar N = 23) were randomly assigned to 12 weeks of Ω3 supplementation (1.4 g eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA], 0.2 g docosahexaenoic acid [DHA], and 0.27 g other Ω3 per day); psychoeducational psychotherapy (PEP); their combination; or placebo (mainly oleic and linoleic acid) alone. Blood was drawn at baseline (N = 90) and endpoint (n = 65). Fatty acid levels were expressed as percent of total plasma fatty acids. Correlational and moderator/mediator analyses were done with SPSS Statistics 23. RESULTS At baseline: (1) DHA correlated negatively with alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) (r = -0.23, p = 0.029); (2) Arachidonic acid (AA, Ω6) correlated negatively with global functioning (r = -0.24, p = 0.022); (3) Total Ω3 correlated negatively with age (r = -0.22, p = 0.036) and diastolic blood pressure (r = -0.31, p = 0.006). Moderation: Baseline ALA moderated response to Ω3 supplementation: ALA levels above the sample mean (lower DHA) predicted significantly better placebo-controlled response (p = 0.04). Supplementation effects: Compared to placebo, 2 g Ω3 per day increased EPA blood levels sevenfold and DHA levels by half (both p < 0.001). Body weight correlated inversely with increased EPA (r = -0.52, p = 0.004) and DHA (r = -0.54, p = 0.003) and positively with clinical mood response. Mediation: EPA increase baseline-to-endpoint mediated placebo-controlled global function and depression improvement: the greater the EPA increase, the less the placebo-controlled Ω3 improvement. CONCLUSION Ω3 supplementation at 2 g/day increases blood levels substantially, more so in smaller children. A possible U-shaped response curve should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Eugene Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Andrea S. Young
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Martha A. Belury
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Rachel M. Cole
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Barbara Gracious
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Adina M. Seidenfeld
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - Hannah Wolfson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mary A. Fristad
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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21
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Muhlenbeck JA, Butz DE, Olson JM, Uribe-Cano D, Cook ME. Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid-c9t11 Prevents Collagen-Induced Arthritis, Whereas Conjugated Linoleic Acid-t10c12 Increases Arthritic Severity. Lipids 2017; 52:303-314. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-017-4241-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Badinga L, Greene ES. Physiological Properties of Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Implications for Human Health. Nutr Clin Pract 2017; 21:367-73. [PMID: 16870804 DOI: 10.1177/0115426506021004367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) refers to a mixture of positional and geometric dienoic isomers of linoleic acid found naturally in animal products of ruminant sources. Recent interest in CLA research stems from the well-documented anticarcinogenic, antiatherogenic, antidiabetic, and antiobesity properties of CLA in rodents. However, there has been very little published human research on CLA. This review discusses the physiologic properties of CLA and their potential implications for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokenga Badinga
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, PO Box 110910, Gainesville, 32910-0910, USA.
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23
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Chitchumroonchokchai C, Failla ML. Bioaccessibility and intestinal cell uptake of astaxanthin from salmon and commercial supplements. Food Res Int 2016; 99:936-943. [PMID: 28847430 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although the keto-carotenoid astaxanthin (Ast) is not typically present in human plasma due to its relative scarcity in the typical diet, global consumption of salmon, the primary source of Ast in food, and Ast supplements continues to increase. The first objective of the present study was to investigate the bioaccessibility of Ast from uncooked and cooked fillets of wild and aquacultured salmon, Ast-supplements and krill oil, during simulated gastric and small intestinal digestion. Uptake of E-Ast from micelles generated during digestion of wild salmon by monolayers of Caco-2 was also monitored. Both wild and aquacultured salmon flesh contained E-Ast and Z-isomers of unesterified Ast, whereas Ast esters were the predominant form of the carotenoid in commercial supplements and krill oil. Flesh from wild salmon contained approximately 10 times more Ast than aquacultured salmon. Common styles of cooking flesh from wild and aquacultured salmon decreased Ast content by 48-57% and 35-47%, respectively. Ast in salmon flesh, supplements and krill oil was relatively stable (>80% recovery) during in vitro digestion. The efficiency of transfer of Ast into mixed micelles during digestion of uncooked wild salmon was 43%, but only 12% for uncooked acquacultured salmon. Cooking wild salmon significantly decreased Ast bioaccessibility. The relative bioaccessibility of Ast (41-67%) after digestion of oil vehicle in commercial supplements was inversely proportional to carotenoid content (3-10mg/capsule), whereas bioaccessibility of endogenous Ast in phospholipid-rich krill oil supplement was 68%. >95% of Ast in mixed micelles generated during digestion of supplements and krill oil was unesterified. Caco-2 intestinal cells accumulated 11-14% of E-Ast delivered in mixed micelles generated from digested wild salmon. Apical uptake and basolateral secretion of E-Ast by Caco-2 cells grown on inserts were greater after digestion of Ast-enriched krill oil compared to uncooked wild salmon. These data suggest that the bioacessibility of Ast in wild salmon and soft-gel capsules is greater than that in aquacultured salmon, and that uptake and basolateral secretion of the carotenoid by enterocyte-like cells is enhanced by the digestion products of phospholipid-rich krill oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chureeporn Chitchumroonchokchai
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, 325 Campbell Hall, 1787 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mark L Failla
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, 325 Campbell Hall, 1787 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Liu X, Zhang Y, Yan P, Shi T, Wei X. Effects of conjugated linoleic acid on the performance of laying hens, lipid composition of egg yolk, egg flavor, and serum components. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2016; 30:417-423. [PMID: 27383812 PMCID: PMC5337922 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.1036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This experiment investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on the serum components, laying hen productivity, lipid composition of egg yolk, egg flavor and egg quality. METHODS Healthy 28-week-old Hy-Line white laying hens (n = 480) were divided randomly into 4 groups, 6 replicates/group, 20 birds/replicate. The 30-day experimental diets included 0% (control), 0.4%, 0.8%, and 1.6% CLA. Some serum indices of the birds, and egg production, quality, fatty acid composition, egg quality were measured. RESULTS The dietary supplementation with 0.4%, 0.8%, and 1.6% CLA did not significantly affect the laying rate and feed intake, as well as calcium ion and phosphorus ion concentration in serum (p>0.05). However, the CLA had significantly increased the strength of eggshell, decreased the odor, flavor, and taste of egg yolk, deepened the color of egg yolk, increased saturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and reduced the monounsaturated fatty acids (p<0.05). On the other hand, the dietary supplementation with 1.6% CLA had significant effects on feed/gain, and improved serum hormones. Dietary supplementation with 0.4% and 0.8% CLA can significantly enhance the activity of alkaline phosphates. CONCLUSION CLA has no effect on production performance, but does enhance the lipid content of the egg yolk and the strength of the eggshell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelan Liu
- Poultry Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250023, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Poultry Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250023, China
| | - Peipei Yan
- Poultry Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250023, China
| | - Tianhong Shi
- Poultry Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250023, China
| | - Xiangfa Wei
- Poultry Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250023, China
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Buccioni A, Antongiovanni M, Mele M, Gualtieri M, Minieri S, Rapaccini S. Effect of oleic and conjugated linoleic acid in the diet of broiler chickens on the live growth performances, carcass traits and meat fatty acid profile. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2009.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Conte G, Jeronimo E, Serra A, Bessa RJ, Mele M. Effect of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids on Stearoyl CoA-Desaturase gene expression in intramuscular lipids of lamb. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2012.e79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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27
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Ramiah SK, Meng GY, Ebrahimi M. Upregulation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and Liver Fatty Acid Binding Protein in Hepatic Cells of Broiler Chicken Supplemented with Conjugated Linoleic Acids. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2015.3846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suriya Kumari Ramiah
- Department of Animal Production, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Goh Y. Meng
- Department of Animal Production, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mahdi Ebrahimi
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Christian LM, Blair LM, Porter K, Lower M, Cole RM, Belury MA. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA) Status in Pregnant Women: Associations with Sleep Quality, Inflammation, and Length of Gestation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148752. [PMID: 26859301 PMCID: PMC4747600 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic pathways linking maternal polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) status with gestational length are poorly delineated. This study examined whether inflammation and sleep quality serve as mediators, focusing on the antiinflammatory ω-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n3) and proinflammatory ω-6 arachidonic acid (AA; 20:4n6). Pregnant women (n = 135) provided a blood sample and completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) at 20–27 weeks gestation. Red blood cell (RBC) fatty acid levels were determined by gas chromatography and serum inflammatory markers [interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β, and C-reactive protein] by electrochemiluminescence using high sensitivity kits. Both higher serum IL-8 (95% CI = 0.10,3.84) and poor sleep (95% CI = 0.03,0.28) served as significant mediators linking lower DHA:AA ratios with shorter gestation. Further, a serial mediation model moving from the DHA:AA ratio → sleep → IL-8 → length of gestation was statistically significant (95% CI = 0.02, 0.79). These relationships remained after adjusting for depressive symptoms, age, BMI, income, race, and smoking. No interactions with race were observed in relation to length of gestation as a continuous variable. However, a significant interaction between race and the DHA:AA ratio in predicting preterm birth was observed (p = 0.049); among African Americans only, odds of preterm birth decreased as DHA:AA increased (p = 0.048). These data support a role for both inflammatory pathways and sleep quality in linking less optimal RBC PUFA status with shorter gestation in African American and European American women and suggest that African-Americans have greater risk for preterm birth in the context of a low DHA:AA ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Christian
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- The Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Lisa M. Blair
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kyle Porter
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mary Lower
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- The Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Rachel M. Cole
- Program of Nutrition in the Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Martha A. Belury
- Program of Nutrition in the Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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Mirzaii S, Mansourian M, Derakhshandeh-Rishehri SM, Kelishadi R, Heidari-Beni M. Association of conjugated linoleic acid consumption and liver enzymes in human studies: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Nutrition 2016; 32:166-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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30
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Kim Y, Kim J, Whang KY, Park Y. Impact of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) on Skeletal Muscle Metabolism. Lipids 2016; 51:159-78. [PMID: 26729488 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-4115-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has garnered special attention as a food bioactive compound that prevents and attenuates obesity. Although most studies on the effects of CLA on obesity have focused on the reduction of body fat, a number of studies have demonstrated that CLA also increases lean body mass and enhances physical performances. It has been suggested that these effects may be due in part to physiological changes in the skeletal muscle, such as changes in the muscle fiber type transformation, alteration of the intracellular signaling pathways in muscle metabolism, or energy metabolism. However, the mode of action for CLA in muscle metabolism is not completely understood. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of the effects of CLA on skeletal muscle metabolism. Given that CLA not only reduces body fat, but also improves lean mass, there is great potential for the use of CLA to improve muscle metabolism, which would have a significant health impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Kim
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, 102 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Jonggun Kim
- Division of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Youn Whang
- Division of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonhwa Park
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, 102 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
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Methylmercury Increases and Eicosapentaenoic Acid Decreases the Relative Amounts of Arachidonic Acid-Containing Phospholipids in Mouse Brain. Lipids 2015; 51:61-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-4087-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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32
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Haghiac M, Yang XH, Presley L, Smith S, Dettelback S, Minium J, Belury MA, Catalano PM, Hauguel-de Mouzon S. Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation Reduces Inflammation in Obese Pregnant Women: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Clinical Trial. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137309. [PMID: 26340264 PMCID: PMC4560373 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Long-chain omega 3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) exert potent anti-inflammatory properties in humans. This study characterized the effects of omega-3 ω-3 fatty acids supplements (ω-3 FA) on the inflammatory status in the placenta and adipose tissue of overweight/obese pregnant women. Study Design A randomized, double-masked controlled trial was conducted in overweight/obese pregnant women that were randomly assigned to receive DHA plus EPA (2g/day) or the equivalent of a placebo twice a day from week 10–16 to term. Inflammatory pathways were characterized in: 1) adipose tissue and placenta of treated vs. untreated women; and 2) adipose and trophoblast cells cultured with long chain FAs. Results The sum of plasma DHA and EPA increased by 5.8 fold and ω-3 FA/ ω-6 FA ratio was 1.5 in treated vs. untreated women (p< 0.005). Plasma CRP concentrations were reduced (p<0.001). The adipose tissue and placenta of treated women exhibited a significant decrease in TLR4 adipose and placental expression as well as IL6, IL8, and TNFα In vitro, EPA and DHA suppressed the activation of TLR4, IL6, IL8 induced by palmitate in culture of adipose and trophoblast cells. Conclusion Supplementation of overweight/obese pregnant women with dietary ω-3 FAs for >25 weeks reduced inflammation in maternal adipose and the placental tissue. TLR4 appears as a central target of the anti-inflammatory effects at the cellular level. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00957476
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricela Haghiac
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Center for Reproductive Health, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Xiao-hua Yang
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Center for Reproductive Health, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Larraine Presley
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Center for Reproductive Health, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Shoi Smith
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Center for Reproductive Health, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Shirley Dettelback
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Center for Reproductive Health, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Judi Minium
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Center for Reproductive Health, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Martha A. Belury
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Education and Human Ecology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Patrick M. Catalano
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Center for Reproductive Health, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sylvie Hauguel-de Mouzon
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Center for Reproductive Health, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Roy S, Brasky TM, Belury MA, Krishnan S, Cole RM, Marian C, Yee LD, Llanos AA, Freudenheim JL, Shields PG. Associations of erythrocyte ω-3 fatty acids with biomarkers of ω-3 fatty acids and inflammation in breast tissue. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:2934-46. [PMID: 26137879 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that chronic inflammation is associated with increased breast cancer risk. Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCω-3PUFA) may reduce circulating biomarkers of inflammation; however associations of blood LCω-3PUFA with breast tissue LCω-3PUFA and breast tissue biomarkers of inflammation are not well understood. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of breast tissue and blood samples from n = 85 women with no history of breast cancer, who underwent breast reduction surgery. Fatty acids of erythrocytes and undissected breast tissues were analyzed by gas chromatography; C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in plasma and tissue were measured by ELISA. Multivariable-adjusted regression models were used to estimate associations between erythrocyte LCω-3PUFA and breast tissue biomarkers. Women in the highest erythrocyte LCω-3PUFA tertile had LCω-3PUFA concentrations in the breast 73% (95% CI: 31-128%; p trend < 0.0001) higher than women in the lowest tertile. Associations for each individual LCω-3PUFA were similar in magnitude. No significant association was found for the shorter ω-3 PUFA, α-linolenic acid. Although compatible with no association, women in the highest tertile of erythrocyte eicosapentaenoic acid had a nonsignificant 32% (95% CI: -23 to 62%) reduced breast tissue CRP. No correlation was observed between erythrocyte ω-3 PUFA and tissue IL-6 or IL-8 concentrations. Our findings provide evidence that erythrocyte ω-3 fatty acids are valid measures of breast tissue concentrations, and limited evidence that inverse associations from prospective epidemiologic studies of blood LCω-3PUFA and breast cancer risk may be partly explained by reductions in breast tissue inflammation; however, these findings require replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuvro Roy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Theodore M Brasky
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Martha A Belury
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH.,Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Education and Human Ecology, Columbus, OH
| | - Shiva Krishnan
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Rachel M Cole
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Education and Human Ecology, Columbus, OH
| | - Catalin Marian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH.,Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Lisa D Yee
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH.,Department of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Adana A Llanos
- RBHS-School of Public Health and Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Jo L Freudenheim
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, The State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Public Health and Health Professions, Buffalo, NY
| | - Peter G Shields
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
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Straka S, Lester JL, Cole RM, Andridge RR, Puchala S, Rose AM, Clinton SK, Belury MA, Yee LD. Incorporation of eicosapentaenioic and docosahexaenoic acids into breast adipose tissue of women at high risk of breast cancer: a randomized clinical trial of dietary fish and n-3 fatty acid capsules. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:1780-90. [PMID: 26081224 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The fatty acid profile of dietary lipids is reflected in mammary adipose tissue and may influence mammary gland biology and cancer risk. To determine the effects of fish consumption on breast adipose tissue fatty acids, we conducted a study of fish versus n-3 PUFA supplements in women at increased risk of breast cancer. METHODS AND RESULTS High risk women were randomized to comparable doses of marine n-3 PUFAs as canned salmon + albacore or capsules for 3 months. Pre- and posttreatment fatty acid profiles were obtained by GC. Dietary fish (n = 12) and n-3 PUFA capsules (n = 13) yielded increased eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in plasma (p < 0.0001), erythrocyte membranes (p < 0.0001), and breast fat (p < 0.01) at 3 months. Women taking capsules had higher plasma and erythrocyte membrane EPA changes (∼four versus twofold, p = 0.002), without significant differences in DHA. Increases in breast adipose EPA, DHA were similar for both groups. Higher BMI correlated with smaller changes in plasma, erythrocyte membrane EPA, and breast adipose EPA, DHA. Adherence was excellent at 93.9% overall and higher in the fish arm (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION Fish provides an excellent source of n-3 PUFAs that increases breast adipose EPA, DHA similar to supplements and represents a well-tolerated intervention for future studies of the impact of n-3 PUFAs and dietary patterns on breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana Straka
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Joanne L Lester
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Rachel M Cole
- Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Rebecca R Andridge
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sarah Puchala
- Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Angela M Rose
- Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Steven K Clinton
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Martha A Belury
- Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Lisa D Yee
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Piras A, Carta G, Murru E, Lopes PA, Martins SV, Prates JAM, Banni S. Effects of dietary CLA on n-3 HUFA score and N-acylethanolamides biosynthesis in the liver of obese Zucker rats. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2015; 98:15-9. [PMID: 25912618 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We have recently shown that PPAR alpha agonists induce N-oleoylethanolamide (OEA) and N-palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) biosynthesis. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a known dietary PPAR alpha inducer, may therefore increase OEA and PEA levels and favor docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) biosynthesis by enhancing peroxisomal β-oxidation via induction of liver PPARα. To evaluate whether CLA is able to increase DHA, OEA and PEA levels and thereby influencing liver lipid deposition in a model of visceral obesity-induced fatty liver, Zucker rats were fed a background diet rich in saturated fat with or without 1% of CLA for 4 weeks. Our data showed that CLA intake increased DHA, OEA and PEA levels in the liver by 24%, 31% and 36% respectively, and reduced hepatic lipid accumulation by 16%. We may conclude that dietary CLA is able to influence not only fatty acid metabolism but also the biosynthesis of bioactive mediators such as OEA and PEA which may contribute to ameliorate fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Piras
- Dipartimento Scienze Biomediche, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari Italy
| | - Gianfranca Carta
- Dipartimento Scienze Biomediche, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari Italy
| | - Elisabetta Murru
- Dipartimento Scienze Biomediche, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari Italy
| | - Paula A Lopes
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Susana V Martins
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José A M Prates
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sebastiano Banni
- Dipartimento Scienze Biomediche, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari Italy.
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Shen Q, Riedl KM, Cole RM, Lehman C, Xu L, Alder H, Belury MA, Schwartz SJ, Ziouzenkova O. Egg yolks inhibit activation of NF-κB and expression of its target genes in adipocytes after partial delipidation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:2013-25. [PMID: 25620076 PMCID: PMC4362627 DOI: 10.1021/jf5056584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
How composition of egg yolk (EY) influences NF-κB, a key transcription pathway in inflammation, remains unclear. We performed partial delipidation of EY that removed 20-30% of cholesterol and triglycerides. The resulting polar and nonpolar fractions were termed EY-P and EY-NP. NF-κB activation in response to EY from different suppliers and their fractions was examined in 3T3-L1 adipocytes using a NF-κB response element reporter assay and by analyzing expression of 248 inflammatory genes. Although EY-P and EY contained similar level of vitamins, carotenoids, and fatty acids, only delipidated EY-P fraction suppressed NF-κB via down-regulation of toll like receptor-2 and up-regulation of inhibitory toll interacting protein (Tollip) and lymphocyte antigen 96 (Ly96). Our data suggest that anti-inflammatory activity of lutein and retinol were blunted by nonpolar lipids in EY, likely via crosstalk between SREBP and NF-κB pathways in adipocytes. Thus, moderate delipidation may improve the beneficial properties of regular eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Shen
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - Ken M. Riedl
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - Rachel M. Cole
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - Christopher Lehman
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
- Division of Minimally Invasive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hansjuerg Alder
- Nucleic Acid Shared Resource, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - Martha A. Belury
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - Steven J. Schwartz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - Ouliana Ziouzenkova
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
- Corresponding author: O.Z., 1787 Neil Avenue, 331A Campbell Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210, , Telephone: 614 292 5034, Fax: 614 292 8880
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Kumari Ramiah S, Meng GY, Ebrahimi M. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid alters oxidative stability and alleviates plasma cholesterol content in meat of broiler chickens. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:949324. [PMID: 25386625 PMCID: PMC4216700 DOI: 10.1155/2014/949324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on fatty acid composition, lipoprotein content, lipid peroxidation, and meat colour of broiler chickens. A total of 180 broiler chickens were allocated to 3 dietary treatments (0, 2.5, and 5% Lutrell) and given a standard broiler starter diet and finisher diet. Body weight of chickens and feed intake were recorded weekly. After slaughter, the breast meat was aged at 4 °C for 0, 3, and 6 days. The fatty acid composition was measured in the breast meat. Body weight (BW) and feed efficiency were decreased by dietary CLA level (P < 0.05). Chicken fed with 2.5% Lutrell had the highest feed intake compared to the control (CON) group. The total CLA increased significantly (P < 0.05) in breast meat from birds supplemented with CLA. Propensity for lipid peroxidation was significantly higher after 6 days of meat storage (P < 0.05) and the redness in chicken breast meat was lower in CLA-fed birds (P < 0.05). It is also notable that a 5% Lutrell supplementation decreased the plasma total cholesterol (TC), low density protein (LDL), and HDL (high-density lipoprotein)/LDL ratio in chickens (P < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Suriya Kumari Ramiah
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43300 Persiaran Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Goh Yong Meng
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43300 Persiaran Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia ; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Preclinical Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43300 Persiaran Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mahdi Ebrahimi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Preclinical Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43300 Persiaran Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Jaremka LM, Derry HM, Bornstein R, Prakash RS, Peng J, Belury MA, Andridge RR, Malarkey WB, Kiecolt-Glaser JK. Omega-3 supplementation and loneliness-related memory problems: secondary analyses of a randomized controlled trial. Psychosom Med 2014; 76:650-8. [PMID: 25264972 PMCID: PMC4288961 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Loneliness enhances risk for episodic memory declines over time. Omega-3 supplementation can improve cognitive function for people experiencing mild cognitive difficulties. Accordingly, we explored whether omega-3 supplementation would attenuate loneliness-related episodic memory problems. METHODS Participants (n = 138) from a parent randomized controlled trial were randomized to the placebo, 1.25 grams/d of omega-3, or 2.50 grams/d of omega-3 conditions for a 4-month period. They completed a baseline loneliness questionnaire and a battery of cognitive tests both at baseline and at the end of the randomized controlled trial. RESULTS After adjustment for baseline verbal episodic memory scores, lonelier people within the placebo condition had poorer verbal episodic memory postsupplementation, as measured by immediate (b = -0.28, t (117) = -2.62, p = .010) and long-delay (b = -0.06, t (116) = -2.07, p = .040) free recall, than their less lonely counterparts. This effect was not observed in the 1.25- and 2.50-grams/d supplementation groups (all p values > .10). The plasma omega-6:omega-3 ratio data mirrored these results. There were no loneliness-related effects of omega-3 supplementation on short-delay recall or the other cognitive tests (all p values > .32). CONCLUSION These results suggest that omega-3 supplementation attenuates loneliness-related verbal episodic memory declines over time and support the use of exploring novel interventions for treating episodic memory problems among lonely people. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00385723.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Jaremka
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine
| | - Heather M. Derry
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University
| | - Robert Bornstein
- Department of Psychiatry, The Ohio State University College of Medicine
| | | | - Juan Peng
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University College of Medicine
| | | | | | - William B. Malarkey
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine
| | - Janice K. Kiecolt-Glaser
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine
- Department of Psychiatry, The Ohio State University College of Medicine
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine
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Yenuganti VR, Ravinder R, Singh D. Conjugated Linoleic Acids Attenuate LPS-Induced Pro-Inflammatory Gene Expression by Inhibiting the NF-κB Translocation Through PPARγ in Buffalo Granulosa Cells. Am J Reprod Immunol 2014; 72:296-304. [DOI: 10.1111/aji.12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vengala Rao Yenuganti
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory; Animal Biochemistry Division; National Dairy Research Institute; Karnal India
| | - Ravinder Ravinder
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory; Animal Biochemistry Division; National Dairy Research Institute; Karnal India
| | - Dheer Singh
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory; Animal Biochemistry Division; National Dairy Research Institute; Karnal India
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Rosiglitazone, a PPAR-γ agonist, fails to attenuate CLA-induced milk fat depression and hepatic lipid accumulation in lactating mice. Lipids 2014; 49:641-53. [PMID: 24781388 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-014-3906-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Our objective was to investigate the combination of rosiglitazone (ROSI) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on mammary and hepatic lipogenesis in lactating C57Bl/6 J mice. Twenty-four lactating mice were randomly assigned to one of four treatments applied from postpartum day 6 to day 10. Treatments included: (1) control diet, (2) control plus 1.5 % dietary CLA (CLA) substituted for soybean oil, (3) control plus daily intra-peritoneal (IP) rosiglitazone injections (10 mg/kg body weight) (ROSI), and (4) CLA plus ROSI (CLA-ROSI). Dam food intake and milk fat concentration were depressed with CLA. However, no effects were observed with ROSI. The CLA-induced milk fat depression was due to reduced expression for mammary lipogenic genes involved in de-novo fatty acid (FA) synthesis, FA uptake and desaturation, and triacyglycerol synthesis. Liver weight (g/100 g body weight) was increased by CLA due to an increase in lipid accumulation triggering a compensatory reduction in mRNA abundance of hepatic lipogenic enzymes, including acetyl-CoA carboxylase I and stearoyl-CoA desaturase I. On the contrary, no effects were observed with ROSI on hepatic and mammary lipogenic gene and enzyme expression. Overall, feeding CLA to lactating mice induced milk fat depression and increased hepatic lipid accumulation, probably due to the presence of trans-10, cis-12 CLA isomer, while ROSI failed to significantly attenuate both hepatic steatosis and reduction in milk fat content.
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Böcking C, Harb H, Ege MJ, Zehethofer N, Fischer K, Krauß J, Holst O, Nüsing RM, Lindner B, von Mutius E, Renz H, Garn H, Pfefferle PI. Bioavailability and allergoprotective capacity of milk-associated conjugated linoleic acid in a murine model of allergic airway inflammation. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2014; 163:234-42. [PMID: 24603060 DOI: 10.1159/000358523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-sectional epidemiological studies have demonstrated that farm milk from traditional farm settings possesses allergoprotective properties. Up to now, it has not been clarified which milk ingredient is responsible for protection against allergic diseases. As farm milk is rich in conjugated linoleic acids (CLA), it is hypothesized that this n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid family contributes to the allergoprotective capacity of farm milk. We aim to prove this hypothesis in a murine model of allergic airway inflammation. METHODS To prove the bioavailability and allergoprotective capacity of milk-associated CLA in a standardized protocol, milk batches that differed significantly in terms of their CLA content were spray dried and incorporated into a basic diet by substituting the regular sunflower fat fraction. Initially, the milk CLA uptake from the diet was monitored via measurement of the CLA content in plasma and erythrocyte membranes obtained from supplemented mice. To determine whether a milk CLA-enriched diet possesses allergoprotective properties, female Balb/c mice were fed the milk CLA-enriched diet ahead of sensitization and a challenge with ovalbumin (OVA) and the parameters of airway inflammation and eisosanoid pattern were measured. RESULTS In animals, supplementation with a diet rich in milk CLA resulted in elevated CLA levels in plasma and erythrocyte membranes, indicating bioavailability of milk fatty acids. Though membrane-associated phospholipid patterns were affected by supplementation with milk CLA, this application neither reduced the hallmarks of allergic airway inflammation in sensitized and OVA-challenged mice nor modified the eiconsanoid pattern in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of these animals. CONCLUSION Milk-associated CLA was not capable of preventing murine allergic airway inflammation in an animal model of OVA-induced allergic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Böcking
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Pathobiochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Niezgoda N, Wawrzeńczyk C. An efficient method for enzymatic purification of cis-9,trans-11 isomer of conjugated linoleic acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Castellano CA, Plourde M, Briand SI, Angers P, Giguère A, Matte JJ. Safety of dietary conjugated α-linolenic acid (CLNA) in a neonatal pig model. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 64:119-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Kanosky KM, Ippagunta S, Barnes KM. Mice do not accumulate muscle lipid in response to dietary conjugated linoleic acid. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:4705-12. [PMID: 23942710 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-6407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary CLA decreases body fat in several species and in pigs this is accompanied by increased muscle lipid. Our objective was to determine if mice could be used as a model for CLA-induced increased marbling in pigs. We used our model of enhanced CLA response, where mice fed coconut oil (CO) lose more body fat than mice fed soy oil (SO). Mice (21 d old; Imprinting Control Region [ICR]) were fed SO or CO diets for 6 wk followed by 12 d of 0 or 0.5% mixed isomer CLA. Ether extraction determined that thigh muscle lipid content was reduced by both CLA and CO (P = 0.007 and P = 0.006, respectively). Conjugated linoleic acid also caused a reduction (P = 0.016) in carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) enzyme activity, so less fatty acid oxidation appeared to be occurring. Lumbar muscle, which is more similar to the longissimus dorsi tested in pigs, did not differ in lipid content between mice (56 d old; ICR) fed SO or SO+CLA for 14 d. Therefore, CLA-fed mice do not appear to be accumulating excess lipid in their muscle. However, CLA addition to CO diets increased (P = 0.007) the mRNA expression of PPAR-γ in the thigh muscle to the level of SO-fed mice, indicating that intramuscular adipocyte differentiation may be increasing. On the other hand, liver lipid was increased (P < 0.0001) by CO and tended to be increased (P = 0.099) by CLA. Liver CPT activity was decreased (P = 0.018) in SO+CLA-fed mice but not CO+CLA. It appears that mice may accumulate lipid in their livers preferentially over muscle when fed CLA and therefore are not a good model for CLA-induced muscle lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Kanosky
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, PO Box 6108, Morgantown 26506
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Kramer R, Wolf S, Petri T, von Soosten D, Dänicke S, Weber EM, Zimmer R, Rehage J, Jahreis G. A commonly used rumen-protected conjugated linoleic acid supplement marginally affects fatty acid distribution of body tissues and gene expression of mammary gland in heifers during early lactation. Lipids Health Dis 2013; 12:96. [PMID: 23827056 PMCID: PMC3706325 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-12-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) in general, and in particular the trans-10,cis-12 (t10,c12-CLA) isomer are potent modulators of milk fat synthesis in dairy cows. Studies in rodents, such as mice, have revealed that t10,c12-CLA is responsible for hepatic lipodystrophy and decreased adipose tissue with subsequent changes in the fatty acid distribution. The present study aimed to investigate the fatty acid distribution of lipids in several body tissues compared to their distribution in milk fat in early lactating cows in response to CLA treatment. Effects in mammary gland are further analyzed at gene expression level. Methods Twenty-five Holstein heifers were fed a diet supplemented with (CLA groups) or without (CON groups) a rumen-protected CLA supplement that provided 6 g/d of c9,t11- and t10,c12-CLA. Five groups of randomly assigned cows were analyzed according to experimental design based on feeding and time of slaughter. Cows in the first group received no CLA supplement and were slaughtered one day postpartum (CON0). Milk samples were taken from the remaining cows in CON and CLA groups until slaughter at 42 (period 1) and 105 (period 2) days in milk (DIM). Immediately after slaughter, tissue samples from liver, retroperitoneal fat, mammary gland and M. longissimus (13th rib) were obtained and analyzed for fatty acid distribution. Relevant genes involved in lipid metabolism of the mammary gland were analyzed using a custom-made microarray platform. Results Both supplemented CLA isomers increased significantly in milk fat. Furthermore, preformed fatty acids increased at the expense of de novo-synthesized fatty acids. Total and single trans-octadecenoic acids (e.g., t10-18:1 and t11-18:1) also significantly increased. Fatty acid distribution of the mammary gland showed similar changes to those in milk fat, due mainly to residual milk but without affecting gene expression. Liver fatty acids were not altered except for trans-octadecenoic acids, which were increased. Adipose tissue and M. longissimus were only marginally affected by CLA supplementation. Conclusions Daily supplementation with CLA led to typical alterations usually observed in milk fat depression (reduction of de novo-synthesized fatty acids) but only marginally affected tissue lipids. Gene expression of the mammary gland was not influenced by CLA supplementation.
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Laskaridis K, Serafeimidou A, Zlatanos S, Gylou E, Kontorepanidou E, Sagredos A. Changes in fatty acid profile of feta cheese including conjugated linoleic acid. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:2130-2136. [PMID: 23288564 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the last two decades much attention has been given to conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) because of its potentially beneficial biological effects. Cheese is one of the major dietary sources of CLA. However, the CLA content of Greek cheeses is variable and affected by many factors. Fatty acid analysis of feta cheese, made of sheep's milk, was conducted at different stages of the manufacturing process in order to monitor and explain fatty acid and especially CLA changes. RESULTS CLA content in fresh milk and during the early stages of manufacture was 0.66 ± 0.02 g 100 g⁻¹ fatty acids; it increased during the ripening process (0.75 ± 0.06 g 100 g⁻¹ fatty acids) and decreased during storage (0.52 ± 0.15 g 100 g⁻¹ fatty acids). Saturated fatty acids (SFA), increased after 37 and 48 days of aging, while monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), showed the opposite tendency. CONCLUSION CLA content significantly increased during the ripening stages and decreased during aging (P ≤ 0.05). CLA is not stable during manufacture and storage of feta cheese, a fact which should be resolved, since this biologically active substance can be obtained from the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostas Laskaridis
- NPD Laboratory, Venus Growers, RR Station of Veria, GR-59100, Veria, Greece
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47
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Orchard TS, Ing SW, Lu B, Belury MA, Johnson K, Wactawski-Wende J, Jackson RD. The association of red blood cell n-3 and n-6 fatty acids with bone mineral density and hip fracture risk in the women's health initiative. J Bone Miner Res 2013; 28:505-15. [PMID: 23018646 PMCID: PMC3785326 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in red blood cells (RBCs) are an objective indicator of PUFA status and may be related to hip fracture risk. The primary objective of this study was to examine RBC PUFAs as predictors of hip fracture risk in postmenopausal women. A nested case-control study (n = 400 pairs) was completed within the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) using 201 incident hip fracture cases from the Bone Mineral Density (BMD) cohort, along with 199 additional incident hip fracture cases randomly selected from the WHI Observational Study. Cases were 1:1 matched on age, race, and hormone use with non-hip fracture controls. Stored baseline RBCs were analyzed for fatty acids using gas chromatography. After removing degraded samples, 324 matched pairs were included in statistical analyses. Stratified Cox proportional hazard models were constructed according to case-control pair status; risk of fracture was estimated for tertiles of RBC PUFA. In adjusted hazard models, lower hip fracture risk was associated with higher RBC α-linolenic acid (tertile 3 [T3] hazard ratio [HR]: 0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.23-0.85; p for linear trend 0.0154), eicosapentaenoic acid (T3 HR: 0.46; 95% CI, 0.24-0.87; p for linear trend 0.0181), and total n-3 PUFAs (T3 HR: 0.55; 95% CI, 0.30-1.01; p for linear trend 0.0492). Conversely, hip fracture nearly doubled with the highest RBC n-6/n-3 ratio (T3 HR: 1.96; 95% CI, 1.03-3.70; p for linear trend 0.0399). RBC PUFAs were not associated with BMD. RBC PUFAs were indicative of dietary intake of marine n-3 PUFAs (Spearman's rho = 0.45, p < 0.0001), total n-6 PUFAs (rho = 0.17, p < 0.0001) and linoleic acid (rho = 0.09, p < 0.05). These results suggest that higher RBC α-linolenic acid, as well as eicosapentaenoic acid and total n-3 PUFAs, may predict lower hip fracture risk. Contrastingly, a higher RBC n-6/n-3 ratio may predict higher hip fracture risk in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonya S Orchard
- Department of Human Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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48
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Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Epel ES, Belury MA, Andridge R, Lin J, Glaser R, Malarkey WB, Hwang BS, Blackburn E. Omega-3 fatty acids, oxidative stress, and leukocyte telomere length: A randomized controlled trial. Brain Behav Immun 2013; 28:16-24. [PMID: 23010452 PMCID: PMC3545053 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2012] [Revised: 09/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Shorter telomeres have been associated with poor health behaviors, age-related diseases, and early mortality. Telomere length is regulated by the enzyme telomerase, and is linked to exposure to proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress. In our recent randomized controlled trial, omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation lowered the concentration of serum proinflammatory cytokines. This study assessed whether n-3 PUFA supplementation also affected leukocyte telomere length, telomerase, and oxidative stress. In addition to testing for group differences, changes in the continuous n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio were assessed to account for individual differences in adherence, absorption, and metabolism. The double-blind four-month trial included 106 healthy sedentary overweight middle-aged and older adults who received (1) 2.5g/day n-3 PUFAs, (2) l.25g/day n-3 PUFAs, or (3) placebo capsules that mirrored the proportions of fatty acids in the typical American diet. Supplementation significantly lowered oxidative stress as measured by F2-isoprostanes (p=0.02). The estimated geometric mean log-F2-isoprostanes values were 15% lower in the two supplemented groups compared to placebo. Although group differences for telomerase and telomere length were nonsignificant, changes in the n-6:n-3 PUFA plasma ratios helped clarify the intervention's impact: telomere length increased with decreasing n-6:n-3 ratios, p=0.02. The data suggest that lower n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios can impact cell aging. The triad of inflammation, oxidative stress, and immune cell aging represents important pre-disease mechanisms that may be ameliorated through nutritional interventions. This translational research broadens our understanding of the potential impact of the n-6:n-3 PUFA balance. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00385723.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice K Kiecolt-Glaser
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Hargrave KM, Meyer BJ, Li C, Azain MJ, Baile CA, Miner JL. Influence of Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Fat Source on Body Fat and Apoptosis in Mice*. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 12:1435-44. [PMID: 15483208 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2004.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether altered dietary essential fatty acid (linoleic and arachidonic acid) concentrations alter sensitivity to conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)-induced body fat loss or DNA fragmentation. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES Mice were fed diets containing soy oil (control), coconut oil [essential fatty acid deficient (EFAD)], or fish oil (FO) for 42 days, and then diets were supplemented with a mixture of CLA isomers (0.5% of the diet) for 14 days. Body fat index, fat pad and liver weights, DNA fragmentation in adipose tissue, and fatty acid profiles of adipose tissue were determined. RESULTS The EFAD diet decreased (p < 0.05) linoleic and arachidonic acid in mouse adipose tissue but did not affect body fat. Dietary CLA caused a reduction (p < 0.05) in body fat. Mice fed the EFAD diet and then supplemented with CLA exhibited a greater reduction (p < 0.001) in body fat (20.21% vs. 6.94% in EFAD and EFAD + CLA-fed mice, respectively) compared with mice fed soy oil. Dietary FO decreased linoleic acid and increased arachidonic acid in mouse adipose tissue. Mice fed FO or CLA were leaner (p < 0.05) than control mice. FO + CLA-fed mice did not differ in body fat compared with FO-fed mice. Adipose tissue apoptosis was increased (p < 0.001) in CLA-supplemented mice and was not affected by fat source. DISCUSSION Reductions in linoleic acid concentration made mice more sensitive to CLA-induced body fat loss only when arachidonic acid concentrations were also reduced. Dietary essential fatty acids did not affect CLA-induced DNA fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M Hargrave
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, C220 ANS, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
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Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Belury MA, Andridge R, Malarkey WB, Hwang BS, Glaser R. Omega-3 supplementation lowers inflammation in healthy middle-aged and older adults: a randomized controlled trial. Brain Behav Immun 2012; 26:988-95. [PMID: 22640930 PMCID: PMC3398219 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2012.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Observational studies have linked lower levels of omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) with inflammation and depression. This study was designed to determine whether n-3 supplementation would decrease serum cytokine production and depressive symptoms in 138 healthy middle-aged and older adults (average age=51.04, SD=7.76) who were sedentary and overweight (average BMI=30.59, SD=4.50). This three-arm randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind 4-month trial compared responses to (1) 2.5 g/d n-3 PUFAs, or (2) 1.25 g/d n-3 PUFAs, or (3) placebo capsules that mirrored the proportions of fatty acids in the typical American diet. Serum interleukin-6 decreased by 10% and 12% in our low and high dose n-3 groups, respectively, compared to a 36% increase in the placebo group. Similarly, low and high dose n-3 groups showed modest 0.2% and -2.3% changes in serum tumor necrosis factor alpha, compared to a 12% increase in the control group. Depressive symptoms were quite low at baseline and did not change significantly in response to supplementation. Our data suggest that n-3 PUFAs can reduce inflammation in overweight, sedentary middle-aged and older adults, and thus could have broad health benefits. These data provide a window into the ways in which the n-3 PUFAs may impact disease initiation, progression, and resolution. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00385723.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice K Kiecolt-Glaser
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University College of Medicine, OH 43210, USA.
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