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Jung YJ, Cha JS, Kim BS. Characteristics of deactivation and thermal regeneration of Nb-doped V 2O 5-WO 3/TiO 2 catalyst for NH 3-SCR reaction. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 227:115744. [PMID: 36963711 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of Nb doping into V2O5-WO3/TiO2 (VWT) catalyst for removing NOxvia the SCR (selective catalytic reduction) by NH3. The experimental results exhibited that Nb can improve the reactivity of the VWT catalyst at low temperatures. The addition of Nb also enhanced the tolerance to SO2 and H2O. The de-NOx efficiency of the V2O5-WO3-Nb2O5/TiO2 (VWNbT) catalyst was increased up to 12% over that of the VWT catalyst at 240 °C when the catalyst was poisoned for 24 h. The prepared catalysts were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, XPS, and N2 physisorption, elemental analysis. The results showed that the ammonium bisulfate (ABS) was less formed in the VWNbT than in the VWT. Moreover, evolved gas analysis was performed to examine the thermal decomposition behavior of the poisoned catalyst, and confirmed that the ABS deposited on the catalyst was sufficiently decomposed between about 300 and 400 °C. In particular, to most effectively recover the characteristics and activity of the catalysts, thermal treatment at a temperature of 400 °C is suitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Jin Jung
- Material Technology Center, Korea Testing Laboratory, Seoul, 08389, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sun Cha
- Material Technology Center, Korea Testing Laboratory, Seoul, 08389, Republic of Korea.
| | - Beom-Sik Kim
- Hydrogen Research Center, Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Ağbulut Ü, Sirohi R, Lichtfouse E, Chen WH, Len C, Show PL, Le AT, Nguyen XP, Hoang AT. Microalgae bio-oil production by pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction: Mechanism and characteristics. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 376:128860. [PMID: 36907228 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have great potential in producing energy-dense and valuable products via thermochemical processes. Therefore, producing alternative bio-oil to fossil fuel from microalgae has rapidly gained popularity due to its environmentally friendly process and elevated productivity. This current work aims to review comprehensively the microalgae bio-oil production using pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction. In addition, core mechanisms of pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction process for microalgae were scrutinized, showing that the presence of lipids and proteins could contribute to forming a large amount of compounds containing O and N elements in bio-oil. However, applying proper catalysts and advanced technologies for the two aforementioned approaches could improve the quality, heating value, and yield of microalgae bio-oil. In general, microalgae bio-oil produced under optimal conditions could have 46 MJ/kg heating value and 60% yield, indicating that microalgae bio-oil could become a promising alternative fuel for transportation and power generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ümit Ağbulut
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Duzce University, 81620 Düzce, Türkiye
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248 007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Eric Lichtfouse
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049 PR China
| | - Wei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 411, Taiwan
| | - Christophe Len
- Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, PSL University, France
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Department of Sustainable Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Anh Tuan Le
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Xuan Phuong Nguyen
- PATET Research Group, Ho Chi Minh City University of Transport, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Anh Tuan Hoang
- Institute of Engineering, HUTECH University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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3
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Dionizio DG, Forrer L, Berhault G, de Souza PM, Henriques CA. Enhancement of hydrodeoxygenation catalytic performance through the addition of copper to molybdenum oxide-based catalysts. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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4
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The Activity of Ultrafine Cu Clusters Encapsulated in Nano-Zeolite for Selective Hydrogenation of CO2 to Methanol. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12111296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Narrowly dispersed ultrafine Cu clusters of sizes smaller than 2.0 nm have been encapsulated in nanosized silicalite-1 zeolite through direct crystallization in the presence of Cu(en)22+ complex ions as the metal precursor. The growing silicalite-1 crystals are rich in vacancy defects and connectivity defects on the grain boundaries, where the terminating silanols promote the decomposition of Cu(en)22+, thus the deposition of ultrafine Cu species. The obtained composite material as a model catalyst is active for CO2 activation and hydrogenation to methanol. The preliminary in situ FTIR study recognizes a series of surface-adsorbed carbonyl, formyl, carbonate, and formate species when the material is exposed to CO2 and H2. Among others, the adsorbed formate decays most rapidly upon cofeeding CO2 and H2, implying that the most probable pathway toward methanol formation over this material is via the formate-mediated mechanism.
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5
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Guo Q, Mao J, Li S, Yin J, Lv Y, Zhou J. Cobalt-Graphene Catalyst for Selective Hydrodeoxygenation of Guaiacol to Cyclohexanol. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3388. [PMID: 36234516 PMCID: PMC9565367 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Herein, cobalt-reduced graphene oxide (rGO) catalyst was synthesized with a practical impregnation-calcination approach for the selective hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of guaiacol to cyclohexanol. The synthesized Co/rGO was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-angle annular dark-field scanning TEM (HAADF-STEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and H2 temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR) analysis. According to the comprehensive characterization results, the catalyst contains single Co atoms in the graphene matrix and Co oxide nanoparticles (CoOx) on the graphene surface. The isolated Co atoms embedded in the rGO matrix form stable metal carbides (CoCx), which constitute catalytically active sites for hydrogenation. The rGO material with proper amounts of N heteroatoms and lattice defects becomes a suitable graphene material for fabricating the catalyst. The Co/rGO catalyst without prereduction treatment leads to the complete conversion of guaiacol with 93.2% selectivity to cyclohexanol under mild conditions. The remarkable HDO capability of the Co/rGO catalyst is attributed to the unique metal-acid synergy between the CoCx sites and the acid sites of the CoOx nanoparticles. The CoCx sites provide H while the acid sites of CoOx nanoparticles bind the C-O group of reactants to the surface, allowing easier C-O scission. The reaction pathways were characterized based on the observed reaction-product distributions. The effects of the process parameters on catalyst preparation and the HDO reaction, as well as the reusability of the catalyst, were systematically investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jinxia Zhou
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-411-87403214; Fax: +86-411-87402449
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6
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Effects of cobalt oxide catalyst on pyrolysis of polyester fiber. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-022-1127-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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8
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Farooq A, Lee J, Song H, Ko CH, Lee IH, Kim YM, Rhee GH, Pyo S, Park YK. Valorization of hazardous COVID-19 mask waste while minimizing hazardous byproducts using catalytic gasification. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:127222. [PMID: 34560479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This study proposes a method to valorize hazardous waste such as used COVID-19 face mask via catalytic gasification over Ni-loaded ZSM-5 type zeolites. The 25% Ni was found as an optimal loading on ZSM-5 in terms of H2 production. Among different zeolites (ZSM-5(30), ZSM-5(80), ZSM-5(280), mesoporous (m)-ZSM-5(30), and HY(30)), 25% Ni/m-ZSM-5(30) led to the highest H2 selectivity (45.04 vol%), most likely because of the highest Ni dispersion on the m-ZSM-5(30) surface, high porosity, and acid site density of the m-ZSM-5(30). The content of N-containing species (e.g., caprolactum and nitriles) in the gasification product was also reduced, when steam was used as gasifying agent, which is the source of potentially hazardous air pollutants (e.g., NOx). The increase in the SiO2/Al2O3 ratio resulted in lower tar conversion and lower H2 generation. At comparable conditions, steam gasification of the mask led to ~15 vol% higher H2 selectivity than air gasification. Overall, the Ni-loaded zeolite catalyst can not only suppress the formation of hazardous substances but also enhance the production of hydrogen from the hazardous waste material such as COVID-19 mask waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Farooq
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdae-ro, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Jechan Lee
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering & Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, 206 World cup-ro, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hocheol Song
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Ko
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Im-Hack Lee
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdae-ro, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeonsan 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Hoon Rhee
- Department of Mechanical and Information Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdae-ro, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumin Pyo
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdae-ro, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kwon Park
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdae-ro, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Oh S, Lee J, Lam SS, Kwon EE, Ha JM, Tsang DCW, Ok YS, Chen WH, Park YK. Fast hydropyrolysis of biomass Conversion: A comparative review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:126067. [PMID: 34601023 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies show that fast hydropyrolysis (i.e., pyrolysis under hydrogen atmosphere operating at a rapid heating rate) is a promising technology for the conversion of biomass into liquid fuels (e.g., bio-oil and C4+ hydrocarbons). This pyrolysis approach is reported to be more effective than conventional fast pyrolysis in producing aromatic hydrocarbons and also lowering the oxygen content of the bio-oil obtained compared to hydrodeoxygenation (a common bio-oil upgrading method). Based on current literature, various non-catalytic and catalytic fast hydropyrolysis processes are reviewed and discussed. Efforts to combine fast hydropyrolysis and hydrotreatment process are also highlighted. Points to be considered for future research into fast hydropyrolysis and pending challenges are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinyoung Oh
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jechan Lee
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering & Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Myeong Ha
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Centre, APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Wei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 411, Taiwan
| | - Young-Kwon Park
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Tamoor M, Samak NA, Jia Y, Mushtaq MU, Sher H, Bibi M, Xing J. Potential Use of Microbial Enzymes for the Conversion of Plastic Waste Into Value-Added Products: A Viable Solution. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:777727. [PMID: 34917057 PMCID: PMC8670383 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.777727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of commercial polymers composed of a mixture of polylactic acid and polyethene terephthalate (PLA-PET) in bottles and other packaging materials has caused a massive environmental crisis. The valorization of these contaminants via cost-effective technologies is urgently needed to achieve a circular economy. The enzymatic hydrolysis of PLA-PET contaminants plays a vital role in environmentally friendly strategies for plastic waste recycling and degradation. In this review, the potential roles of microbial enzymes for solving this critical problem are highlighted. Various enzymes involved in PLA-PET recycling and bioconversion, such as PETase and MHETase produced by Ideonella sakaiensis; esterases produced by Bacillus and Nocardia; lipases produced by Thermomyces lanuginosus, Candida antarctica, Triticum aestivum, and Burkholderia spp.; and leaf-branch compost cutinases are critically discussed. Strategies for the utilization of PLA-PET's carbon content as C1 building blocks were investigated for the production of new plastic monomers and different value-added products, such as cyclic acetals, 1,3-propanediol, and vanillin. The bioconversion of PET-PLA degradation monomers to polyhydroxyalkanoate biopolymers by Pseudomonas and Halomonas strains was addressed in detail. Different solutions to the production of biodegradable plastics from food waste, agricultural residues, and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)-accumulating bacteria were discussed. Fuel oil production via PLA-PET thermal pyrolysis and possible hybrid integration techniques for the incorporation of thermostable plastic degradation enzymes for the conversion into fuel oil is explained in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tamoor
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nadia A. Samak
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Biofilm Centre, Aquatic Microbiology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Yunpu Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Umar Mushtaq
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Wah Engineering College, University of Wah, Wah Cantt, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Sher
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Maryam Bibi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Wah Engineering College, University of Wah, Wah Cantt, Pakistan
| | - Jianmin Xing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou, China
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11
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Choi H, Han J, Lee J. Renewable Butanol Production via Catalytic Routes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182211749. [PMID: 34831504 PMCID: PMC8618088 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182211749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fluctuating crude oil price and global environmental problems such as global warming and climate change lead to growing demand for the production of renewable chemicals as petrochemical substitutes. Butanol is a nonpolar alcohol that is used in a large variety of consumer products and as an important industrial intermediate. Thus, the production of butanol from renewable resources (e.g., biomass and organic waste) has gained a great deal of attention from researchers. Although typical renewable butanol is produced via a fermentative route (i.e., acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation of biomass-derived sugars), the fermentative butanol production has disadvantages such as a low yield of butanol and the formation of byproducts, such as acetone and ethanol. To avoid the drawbacks, the production of renewable butanol via non-fermentative catalytic routes has been recently proposed. This review is aimed at providing an overview on three different emerging and promising catalytic routes from biomass/organic waste-derived chemicals to butanol. The first route involves the conversion of ethanol into butanol over metal and oxide catalysts. Volatile fatty acid can be a raw chemical for the production of butanol using porous materials and metal catalysts. In addition, biomass-derived syngas can be transformed to butanol on non-noble metal catalysts promoted by alkali metals. The prospect of catalytic renewable butanol production is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heeyoung Choi
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea;
| | - Jeehoon Han
- School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering & School of Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Jechan Lee
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea;
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (J.L.)
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12
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Joo J, Kwon EE, Lee J. Achievements in pyrolysis process in E-waste management sector. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 287:117621. [PMID: 34171724 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Many aspects of modern life of our civilization are associated with using electrical and electronic devices (EEE). Ever-increasing demand for high-performance EEE and accelerated technological development make the replacement of EEE become frequent. This leads to the generation of a tremendous amount of electronic waste (E-waste). Challenges of the management of E-waste have recently arisen out of a dearth of proper technologies to treat E-waste. Pyrolysis process can thermochemically treat waste materials that have a complicated nature and inhomogeneity. This article gives a systematic review as an effort to tackle the challenges in the context of achievements in pyrolysis process in E-waste management sector. Pyrolysis mechanism and types of pyrolysis processes and pyrolysis reactors are first discussed. Various pyrolysis technologies applied to the E-waste treatment are then summarized and compared to each other. Points to be considered for further research and pending challenges of E-waste pyrolysis are also discussed. The pyrolysis treatment of E-waste is not yet fully industrialized mostly because of high costs. However, there should be much room for further developing the E-waste pyrolysis; hence, its industrialization and commercialization is just a matter of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghee Joo
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, 206 World Cup-ro, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Seou, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jechan Lee
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, 206 World Cup-ro, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Ajou University, 206 World Cup-ro, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Lee SB, Lee J, Tsang YF, Kim YM, Jae J, Jung SC, Park YK. Production of value-added aromatics from wasted COVID-19 mask via catalytic pyrolysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 283:117060. [PMID: 33852997 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In this study, wasted mask is chosen as a pyrolysis feedstock whose generation has incredibly increased these days due to COVID-19. We suggest a way to produce value-added chemicals (e.g., aromatic compounds) from the mask with high amounts through catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP). To this end, the effects of zeolite catalyst properties on the upgradation efficiency of pyrolytic products produced from pyrolysis of wasted mask were investigated. The compositions and yields of pyrolytic gases and oils were characterized as functions of pyrolysis temperature and the type of zeolite catalyst (HBeta, HY, and HZSM-5), including the mesoporous catalyst of Al-MCM-41. The mask was pyrolyzed in a fixed bed reactor, and the pyrolysis gases evolved in the reactor was routed to a secondary reactor inside which the zeolite catalyst was loaded. It was chosen 550 °C as the CFP temperature to compare the catalyst performance for the production of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) because this temperature gave the highest oil yield (80.7 wt%) during the non-catalytic pyrolysis process. The large pore zeolite group of HBeta and HY led to 134% and 67% higher BTEX concentrations than HZSM-5, respectively, likely because they had larger pores, higher surface areas, and higher acid site density than the HZSM-5. This is the first report of the effect of zeolite characteristics on BTEX production via CFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul Bee Lee
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Jechan Lee
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering & Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Yiu Fai Tsang
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Young-Min Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungho Jae
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Chul Jung
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kwon Park
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea.
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14
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McNeary WW, Tacey SA, Lahti GD, Conklin DR, Unocic KA, Tan ECD, Wegener EC, Erden TE, Moulton S, Gump C, Burger J, Griffin MB, Farberow CA, Watson MJ, Tuxworth L, Van Allsburg KM, Dameron AA, Buechler K, Vardon DR. Atomic Layer Deposition with TiO 2 for Enhanced Reactivity and Stability of Aromatic Hydrogenation Catalysts. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Wilson McNeary
- Catalytic Carbon Transformation & Scale-Up Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Sean A. Tacey
- Catalytic Carbon Transformation & Scale-Up Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Gabriella D. Lahti
- Catalytic Carbon Transformation & Scale-Up Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Davis R. Conklin
- Catalytic Carbon Transformation & Scale-Up Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Kinga A. Unocic
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37381, United States
| | - Eric C. D. Tan
- Catalytic Carbon Transformation & Scale-Up Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Evan C. Wegener
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | | | - Staci Moulton
- Forge Nano Inc, Thornton, Colorado 80241, United States
| | - Chris Gump
- Forge Nano Inc, Thornton, Colorado 80241, United States
| | | | - Michael B. Griffin
- Catalytic Carbon Transformation & Scale-Up Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Carrie A. Farberow
- Catalytic Carbon Transformation & Scale-Up Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | | | - Luke Tuxworth
- Johnson Matthey Technology Centre, Billingham TS23 1LB U.K
| | - Kurt M. Van Allsburg
- Catalytic Carbon Transformation & Scale-Up Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | | | | | - Derek R. Vardon
- Catalytic Carbon Transformation & Scale-Up Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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15
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Application of 2-methylfuran and 5-methylfurfural for the synthesis of C16 fuel precursor over fibrous silica-supported heteropoly acid-functionalized ionic liquid. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-021-0768-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Lee J, Lee Y, Kim S, Kwon EE, Lin KYA. Catalytic production of hexamethylenediamine from renewable feedstocks. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-020-0725-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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17
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Huo J, Tessonnier JP, Shanks BH. Improving Hydrothermal Stability of Supported Metal Catalysts for Biomass Conversions: A Review. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Huo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Center for Biorenewable Chemicals, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Jean-Philippe Tessonnier
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Center for Biorenewable Chemicals, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Brent H. Shanks
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Center for Biorenewable Chemicals, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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18
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Lee N, Joo J, Lin KYA, Lee J. Waste-to-Fuels: Pyrolysis of Low-Density Polyethylene Waste in the Presence of H-ZSM-11. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13081198. [PMID: 33917256 PMCID: PMC8068035 DOI: 10.3390/polym13081198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, the pyrolysis of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) scrap in the presence of a H-ZSM-11 zeolite was conducted as an effort to valorize plastic waste to fuel-range chemicals. The LDPE-derived pyrolytic gas was composed of low-molecular-weight aliphatic hydrocarbons (e.g., methane, ethane, propane, ethylene, and propylene) and hydrogen. An increase in pyrolysis temperature led to increasing the gaseous hydrocarbon yields for the pyrolysis of LDPE. Using the H-ZSM-11 catalyst in the pyrolysis of LDPE greatly enhanced the content of propylene in the pyrolytic gas because of promoted dehydrogenation of propane formed during the pyrolysis. Apart from the light aliphatic hydrocarbons, jet fuel-, diesel-, and motor oil-range hydrocarbons were found in the pyrolytic liquid for the non-catalytic and catalytic pyrolysis. The change in pyrolysis temperature for the catalytic pyrolysis affected the hydrocarbon compositions of the pyrolytic liquid more materially than for the non-catalytic pyrolysis. This study experimentally showed that H-ZSM-11 can be effective at producing fuel-range hydrocarbons from LDPE waste through pyrolysis. The results would contribute to the development of waste valorization process via plastic upcycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahyeon Lee
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, 206 World Cup-Ro, Suwon 16499, Korea;
| | - Junghee Joo
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Ajou University, 206 World Cup-Ro, Suwon 16499, Korea;
| | - Kun-Yi Andrew Lin
- Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, Department of Environmental Engineering & Innovation, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (K.-Y.A.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jechan Lee
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, 206 World Cup-Ro, Suwon 16499, Korea;
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Ajou University, 206 World Cup-Ro, Suwon 16499, Korea;
- Correspondence: (K.-Y.A.L.); (J.L.)
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19
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Hydrothermal carbonization of oil palm trunk via taguchi method. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-021-0753-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Farooq A, Moogi S, Kwon EE, Lee J, Kim YM, Jae J, Jung SC, Park YK. Catalytic upgrading of Quercus Mongolica under methane environment to obtain high yield of bioaromatics. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 272:116016. [PMID: 33248830 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This work investigated the impact of pyrolysis medium and catalyst on the production of bio-BTX (benzene, toluene, and xylene) from Quercus Mongolica (Q. Mongolica) via catalytic pyrolysis. Two different pyrolysis media (N2 and CH4) and five different zeolite catalysts (HY, HBeta, HZSM-5, 1 wt% Ni/HZSM-5, and 1 wt% Ga/HZSM-5) were considered for the Q. Mongolica pyrolysis. The HZSM-5 yielded more BTX than the HY and HBeta due to its strong acidity. The employment of CH4 as the pyrolysis medium improved the BTX yield (e.g., 2.7 times higher total BTX yield in CH4 than in N2) and resulted in low coke yield (e.g., 5.27% for N2-pyrolysis and 2.57% for CH4-pyrolysis) because the CH4-drived hydrogen simulated a hydropyrolysis condition and facilitated dehydroaromatization reaction. CH4 also led to direct coupling, Diels-Alder, and co-aromatization reactions during the pyrolysis, contributing to enhancing the BTX yield. The addition of Ga to the HZSM-5 could further increase the BTX yield by means of facilitating hydrocracking/demethylation and methyl radical formation from CH4 assisting the generation of >C2 alkenes that could be further converted into BTX on acid sites of the HZSM-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Farooq
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Surendar Moogi
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jechan Lee
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungho Jae
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Chul Jung
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kwon Park
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Park C, Lee N, Kim J, Lee J. Co-pyrolysis of food waste and wood bark to produce hydrogen with minimizing pollutant emissions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 270:116045. [PMID: 33257148 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the co-pyrolysis of food waste with lignocellulosic biomass (wood bark) in a continuous-flow pyrolysis reactor was considered as an effective strategy for the clean disposal and value-added utilization of the biowaste. To achieve this aim, the effects of major co-pyrolysis parameters such as pyrolysis temperature, the flow rate of the pyrolysis medium (nitrogen (N2) gas), and the blending ratio of food waste/wood bark on the yields, compositions, and properties of three-phase pyrolytic products (i.e., non-condensable gases, condensable compounds, and char) were investigated. The temperature and the food waste/wood bark ratio were found to affect the pyrolytic product yields, while the N2 flow rate did not. More non-condensable gases and less char were produced at higher temperatures. For example, as the temperature was increased from 300 °C to 700 °C, the yield of non-condensable gases increased from 6.3 to 17.5 wt%, while the yield of char decreased from 63.6 to 30.6 wt% for the co-pyrolysis of food waste and wood bark at a weight ratio of 1:1. Both the highest yield of hydrogen (H2) gas and the most significant suppression of the formation of phenolic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds were achieved with a combination of food waste and wood bark at a weight ratio of 1:1 at 700 °C. The results suggest that the synergetic effect of food waste and lignocellulosic biomass during co-pyrolysis can be exploited to increase the H2 yield while limiting the formation of phenolic compounds and PAH derivatives. This study has also proven the effectiveness of co-pyrolysis as a process for the valorization of biowaste that is produced by agriculture, forestry, and the food industry, while reducing the formation of harmful chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanyeong Park
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Nahyeon Lee
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Kim
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jechan Lee
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Lee N, Kim YT, Lee J. Recent Advances in Renewable Polymer Production from Lignin-Derived Aldehydes. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:364. [PMID: 33498847 PMCID: PMC7865860 DOI: 10.3390/polym13030364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin directly derived from lignocellulosic biomass has been named a promising source of platform chemicals for the production of bio-based polymers. This review discusses potentially relevant routes to produce renewable aromatic aldehydes (e.g., syringaldehyde and vanillin) from lignin feedstocks (pre-isolated lignin or lignocellulose) that are used to synthesize a range of bio-based polymers. To do this, the processes to make aromatic aldehydes from lignin with their highest available yields are first presented. After that, the routes from such aldehydes to different polymers are explored. Challenges and perspectives of the production the lignin-derived renewable chemicals and polymers are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahyeon Lee
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Suwon 16499, Korea;
| | - Yong Tae Kim
- C1 Gas & Carbon Convergent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon 34114, Korea;
| | - Jechan Lee
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Suwon 16499, Korea;
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Suwon 16499, Korea
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Lee K, Song D, Lee J, Lee CG, Shin GA, Jung S. Evaluating effectiveness of dust by-product treatment with scrubbers to mitigate explosion risk in ZrO 2 atomic layer deposition process. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 400:123284. [PMID: 32947697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In processes of manufacturing semiconductors, reactive by-products (as a form of fine powder, i.e., dust) are deposited in pipes installed on post processing and exhaust systems, potentially involving a considerable explosion risk. In this study, the effectiveness of scrubber methods (e.g., dry scrubber and burn-wet scrubber) to mitigate the risk was evaluated. To this end, three by-products generated from a ZrO2 atomic layer deposition (ALD) process were collected from semiconductor manufacturers, which were treated with different methods (i.e., no treatment, treatment using dry scrubber, and treatment using burn-wet scrubber), and their characteristics were analyzed and compared. Particle size measurements of the by-products proved that the burn-wet scrubber treatment less decreased their particle size than the dry scrubber treatment. The burn-wet scrubber treatment made the by-product thermally stable, confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy of the by-products before and after the scrubber treatments showed that burn-wet scrubbing of the by-product decreases surface functionalities that play a role in explosion. Dust explosion testing proved that robustness of explosion of the untreated by-product is about 7 times higher than the by-product treated with the burn-wet scrubber. Based on the results of this study, it would be suggested that burn-wet scrubber is a useful treatment method to decrease the explosion risks caused by dust by-products generated from ALD in semiconductor manufacturing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwangho Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Dooguen Song
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jechan Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Gu Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwy-Am Shin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungho Jung
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Ryu S, Lee J, Reddy Kannapu HP, Jang SH, Kim Y, Jang H, Ha JM, Jung SC, Park YK. Acid-treated waste red mud as an efficient catalyst for catalytic fast copyrolysis of lignin and polyproylene and ozone-catalytic conversion of toluene. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 191:110149. [PMID: 32882239 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, red mud (RM), a highly alkaline waste generated from alumina production industries, was used as a catalytic material for both fast copyrolysis of organosolv lignin (OL) and polypropylene (PP) and toluene removal under ozone at room temperature. The RM was pretreated with HCl to investigate the effect of alkalinity. In the catalytic fast copyrolysis of the OL and PP, the acid-treated RM (HRM) produced more aromatics, phenolics, and light olefins (C3 to C5) but less oxygenates and heavy olefins (C6 to C46) than the RM. The difference in pyrolytic performance between the RM and HRM was likely attributed to the concentrated Fe2O3 species in the HRM catalyst. In addition, more efficient toluene removal was observed over MnOx/HRM than over MnOx/RM owing to the large Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area, high amounts of Al and Fe, and optimal Mn3+/Mn4+ ratio. This study demonstrates that the RM, an industrial waste, can be reused as an effective catalytic material for not only biofuel production but also pollutant removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumin Ryu
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Jechan Lee
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Seong-Ho Jang
- Department of BioEnvironmental Energy, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonjoon Kim
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoyeon Jang
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Myeong Ha
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Energy & Environment Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Chul Jung
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kwon Park
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Moogi S, Jae J, Kannapu HPR, Ahmed A, Park ED, Park YK. Enhancement of aromatics from catalytic pyrolysis of yellow poplar: Role of hydrogen and methane decomposition. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 315:123835. [PMID: 32693345 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the effects of the pyrolysis environment on BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes) production in the catalytic upgrading of yellow poplar pyrolysis vapors. Three different gas environments, N2, CH4, and pre-decomposed CH4 stream (10 wt%-Ni/5 wt%-La2O3-5 wt% CeO2-Al2O3), which is a mixture of H2 (55.62%) and CH4, were studied using two types of zeolite catalysts, HZSM-5, and 1 wt% Ga/HZSM-5. The BTEX yields were enhanced linearly in the order N2 < CH4 < CH4 ex-situ decomposition. The highest BTEX yield of 9.58 wt% was obtained under the CH4 ex-situ decomposition environment over 1 wt% Ga/HZSM-5. The methane and hydrocarbons derived from biomass were activated on highly dispersed (GaO)+ sites and transformed smoothly to BTEX by aromatization on the BrØnsted acid sites of Ga/HZSM-5. The hydrogen produced from methane decomposition also assisted in aromatics production through the hydrodeoxygenation of methoxyphenols, guaiacols and catechols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendar Moogi
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungho Jae
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ashfaq Ahmed
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Duck Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kwon Park
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Hydrogenation of Adiponitrile to Hexamethylenediamine over Raney Ni and Co Catalysts. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10217506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hexamethylenediamine (HMDA), a chemical for producing nylon, was produced on Raney Ni and Raney Co catalysts via the hydrogenation of adiponitrile (ADN). HMDA was hydrogenated from ADN via 6-aminohexanenitrile (AHN). For the two catalysts, the effects of five different reaction parameters (reaction temperature, H2 pressure, catalyst loading, and ADN/HMDA ratio in the reactant) on the hydrogenation of ADN were investigated. Similar general trends demonstrating the dependence of ADN hydrogenation on the reaction conditions for both catalysts were observed: higher temperature (60–80 °C) and H2 pressure, as well as lower ADN/catalyst and ADN/HMDA ratios, led to higher HMDA yields. A further increase in temperature from 80 to 100 °C increased the HMDA yield from 90.5 to 100% for the Raney Ni catalyst, but did not affect the HMDA yield (85~87%) for the Raney Co catalyst. A 100% HMDA yield (the highest yield reported to date) was also achieved via ADN hydrogenation over the Raney Ni catalyst, with a high HMDA content in the reactant (e.g., ADN/HMDA volumetric ratio of 0.06). No sign of metal leaching into the product solution was found, meaning that the Raney Ni and Raney Co catalysts were stable during ADN hydrogenation.
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28
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Bioenergy potential and thermochemical characterization of lignocellulosic biomass residues available in Pakistan. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-020-0624-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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29
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Supramolecular gels of gluconamides derived from renewable resources: Antibacterial and anti‐biofilm applications. NANO SELECT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202000058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Verma M, Mandyal P, Singh D, Gupta N. Recent Developments in Heterogeneous Catalytic Routes for the Sustainable Production of Succinic Acid from Biomass Resources. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:4026-4034. [PMID: 32406118 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Succinic acid is a "hot molecule" identified by United States Department of Energy as a substitute for petrochemicals with great scope for its production from biomass. It is used as an intermediate for the production of a huge variety of everyday consumer products with an addressable market share of billions of dollars. Succinic acid and its derivatives are mainly used as pharmaceuticals, adhesives, solvents, intermediates for polymer synthesis, and food additives. Succinic acid is commercially produced from petrochemicals and there is a deficiency of economically viable catalytic processes for its large-scale production from biomass. Recently, a lot of biochemical routes have been devised to enhance its production from biomass resources, but such processes are time-consuming and involve tedious separation procedures. Therefore, this Review focuses on metal-based and metal-free heterogeneous catalytic routes for the synthesis of succinic acid from biomass derived products. The presence of uniform channels, cavities, active sites of various strengths, and the unique surface structure of the heterogeneous catalysts are a few of the interesting features that promote their use in industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minal Verma
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Shoolini University, Bajhol, Solan, HP, India
| | - Parteek Mandyal
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Shoolini University, Bajhol, Solan, HP, India
| | - Dilbag Singh
- Department of Environment Science, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, Kangra, HP, India
| | - Neeraj Gupta
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Shoolini University, Bajhol, Solan, HP, India
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, Kangra, HP, India
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Park JH, Park YK, Kim YM. Kinetic analysis and catalytic pyrolysis of spent medicinal herb over HZSM-5 and HY. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 187:109632. [PMID: 32454307 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the kinetic analysis on the pyrolysis of a spent medicinal herb, namely spent Achyranthes root, is performed using a thermogravimetric analyzer and a model-free kinetic analysis method, allowing the calculation of activation energy values without the assumption of kinetic model. Owing to the structural change of lignin and elimination of hemicellulose during the decoction of raw Achyranthes root, the thermogravimetric analysis results show a large difference between the derivative thermogravimetry curves of spent and raw Achyranthes roots. The average apparent activation energy value of spent Achyranthes root, obtained from the non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis, are found to be lower than those of raw Achyranthes root. This comes as a result of the much lower content of hemicellulose in spent Achyranthes root caused by the hemicellulose elimination from raw Achyranthes root during the decoction process. The catalytic fast pyrolysis of spent Achyranthes root over HZSM5-30 (HZSM-5 with SiO2/Al2O3 = 30) and HY30 (HY with SiO2/Al2O3 = 30) was performed using a two-stage fixed-bed reactor system. The catalytic fast pyrolysis of spent Achyranthes root over both HY30 and HZSM5-30 produced the much larger amount of aromatic hydrocarbons, compared to the non-catalytic fast pyrolysis, with a parallel decrease of oxygen-containing pyrolyzates. Owing to its robust pore structure and high acidity, it was the HZSM5-30 that produced the highest quality oil during the catalytic fast pyrolysis of spent Achyranthes root, having higher selectivity of mono-aromatic hydrocarbons compared to HY30.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hui Park
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoulsiridaro 163, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y-K Park
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoulsiridaro 163, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, 38453, Republic of Korea.
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Ryu HW, Kim DH, Jae J, Lam SS, Park ED, Park YK. Recent advances in catalytic co-pyrolysis of biomass and plastic waste for the production of petroleum-like hydrocarbons. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 310:123473. [PMID: 32389430 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The global economy is threatened by the depletion of fossil resources and fluctuations in fossil fuel prices, and thus it is necessary to exploit sustainable energy sources. Carbon-neutral fuels including bio-oil obtained from biomass pyrolysis can act as alternatives to fossil fuels. Co-pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass and plastic is efficient to upgrade the quality of bio-oil because plastic facilitates deoxygenation. However, catalysts are required to produce bio-oil that is suitable for potential use as transportation fuel. This review presents an overview of recent advances in catalytic co-pyrolysis of biomass and plastic from the perspective of chemistry, catalyst, and feedstock pretreatment. Additionally, this review introduces not only recent research results of acid catalysts for catalytic co-pyrolysis, but also recent approaches that utilize base catalysts. Future research directions are suggested for commercially feasible co-pyrolysis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Won Ryu
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Heui Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungho Jae
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Eun Duck Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kwon Park
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
The use of herbal medicine has increased tremendously over the last decades, generating a considerable amount of herbal medicine waste. Pyrolysis is a promising option to dispose of biomass and organic waste such as herbal medicine waste. Herein, an activated carbon-supported Pt catalyst (Pt/AC) and carbon dioxide (CO2) were applied to the pyrolysis of real herbal medicine waste to develop a thermal disposal method to prevent the formation of benzene derivatives that are harmful to the environment and human health. When using the Pt/AC catalyst in the pyrolysis of the herbal medicine waste at 500 °C, the generation of benzyl species was suppressed. This was likely because the Pt catalytic sites accelerate a free radical mechanism that is dominant in the thermal cracking of carbonaceous substances. However, the employment of CO2 (instead of typically used N2) as a pyrolysis medium for the herbal medicine waste pyrolysis did not decrease the concentrations of benzyl compounds contained in the pyrolytic products of the herbal medicine waste. This study might help develop a method to thermally dispose of agricultural biowaste, preventing the formation of harmful chemicals to the environment and human beings.
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Kim S, Lee J. Pyrolysis of food waste over a Pt catalyst in CO 2 atmosphere. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 393:122449. [PMID: 32151938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a method of disposing food waste is introduced via catalytic pyrolysis under CO2 condition. The catalyst and CO2 hindered the generation of condensable compounds, leading to enhancing non-condensable gas generation. However, they did not affect the amount of solid residues left after the thermal reaction. The amount of condensable cyclic compounds was reduced when the catalyst and/or CO2 were used. The enhancement of non-condensable gas production and reduction of cyclic compounds formation were maximized when the Pt catalyst and CO2 were simultaneously applied to the pyrolysis of food waste. For instance, approximately 67.3 % less cyclic compounds, including benzene derivatives, were generated at 700 °C in the presence of the catalyst under a CO2 atmosphere compared to non-catalytic conditions without CO2. The results suggest that a CO2-assisted catalytic pyrolysis is as environmentally benign disposal method for food waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soosan Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jechan Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.
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Ahmed A, Abu Bakar MS, Hamdani R, Park YK, Lam SS, Sukri RS, Hussain M, Majeed K, Phusunti N, Jamil F, Aslam M. Valorization of underutilized waste biomass from invasive species to produce biochar for energy and other value-added applications. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 186:109596. [PMID: 32361527 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Biochar production from invasive species biomass discarded as waste was studied in a fixed bed reactor pyrolysis system under different temperature conditions for value-added applications. Prior to pyrolysis, the biomass feedstock was characterized by proximate, ultimate, and heating value analyses, while the biomass decomposition behavior was examined by thermogravimetric analysis. The heating values of the feedstock biomass ranged from 18.65 to 20.65 MJ/kg, whereas the volatile matter, fixed carbon, and ash content were 61.54-72.04 wt %, 19.27-26.61 wt % and 1.51-1.86 wt %, respectively. The elemental composition of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the samples was reported to be in the range of 47.41-48.47 wt %, 5.50-5.88 wt % and 46.10-45.18 wt %, respectively, while the nitrogen and sulphur content in the biomass samples were at very low concentrations, making it more useful for valorization from environmental aspects. The biochar yields were reported in the range of 45.36-58.35 wt %, 28.63-44.38 wt % and 22.68-29.42 wt % at a pyrolysis temperature of 400 °C, 500 °C, and 600 °C, respectively. The biochars were characterized from ultimate analysis, heating value, energy densification ratio, energy yield, pH, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM and EDX), to evaluate their potential for value-added applications. The carbon content, heating value, energy densification ratio, and the porosity of the biochars improved with the increase in pyrolysis temperature, while the energy yield, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen content of the biochars decreased. This study revealed the potential of the valorization of underutilized discarded biomass of invasive species via a pyrolysis process to produce biochar for value-added applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashfaq Ahmed
- Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam; School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus Raiwind Road, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad S Abu Bakar
- Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Rasyidah Hamdani
- Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Young-Kwon Park
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea.
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (Akuatrop), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Rahayu S Sukri
- Environmental and Life Sciences Programme, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, BE 1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Murid Hussain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus Raiwind Road, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Khaliq Majeed
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus Raiwind Road, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Neeranuch Phusunti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Farrukh Jamil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus Raiwind Road, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus Raiwind Road, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
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Kim S, Park C, Lee J. Reduction of polycyclic compounds and biphenyls generated by pyrolysis of industrial plastic waste by using supported metal catalysts: A case study of polyethylene terephthalate treatment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 392:122464. [PMID: 32193114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of industrial plastic waste in the environment is a global growing concern. Thermochemical process is a preferred method to dispose plastic waste mainly because it can reduce volume of the waste; however, the thermochemical disposal of plastic waste can emit harmful chemical species such as benzene derivatives and polycyclic hydrocarbons. As an effort to overcome this challenge, supported metal catalysts (carbon-supported Pd and Pt catalysts) were used to inhibit the formation of polycyclic compounds and biphenyl derivatives by pyrolysis of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Less polycyclic compounds and biphenyl derivatives were generated during the Pd or Pt-catalyzed PET pyrolysis than non-catalytic PET pyrolysis. The concentrations of polycyclic compounds and biphenyl derivatives were 107 % and 56 % lower for the Pt-catalyzed pyrolysis at 700 °C than non-catalytic pyrolysis, respectively. The Pt catalyst was more effective to suppress the generation of polycyclic compounds and biphenyl derivatives during the PET pyrolysis than the Pd catalyst at temperatures from 400 to 800 °C. This was likely because the Pt sites catalyzes decyclization reaction and/or free radical mechanism that is dominant in thermal cracking of carbonaceous substances such as PET. The results of this study would help develop environmentally friendly industrial plastic waste treatment methods via thermochemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soosan Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanyeong Park
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jechan Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.
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38
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Kim S, Lee CG, Kim YT, Kim KH, Lee J. Effect of Pt catalyst on the condensable hydrocarbon content generated via food waste pyrolysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 248:126043. [PMID: 32007768 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A Pt catalyst supported on activated carbon (Pt/AC) was used for an environmentally friendly thermal treatment of food waste under an inert atmosphere (i.e., pyrolysis). This catalyst influenced the amounts of condensable hydrocarbons and noncondensable gases but not that of the solid remaining after the pyrolysis; in particular, it contributed to shifting the carbon distribution from the condensable hydrocarbons to the noncondensable gases for the food waste pyrolysis. Moreover, its use suppressed the generation of harmful chemical compounds, especially at high temperatures. For example, a Pt/AC-catalyzed pyrolysis at 700 °C produced about 4 times fewer benzene derivatives than the same treatment without a catalyst; this probably occurred because the Pt sites catalyzed the decyclization reaction and/or the free radical mechanism, which is dominant in the thermal cracking of carbon-containing feedstock. This study suggests that a Pt/AC-catalyzed pyrolysis would be a more environmentally benign food waste treatment method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soosan Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Gu Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Tae Kim
- Carbon Resources Institute, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jechan Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.
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Lee HW, Farooq A, Jang SH, Kwon EE, Jae J, Lam SS, Jung SC, Park YK. Enhanced bioaromatics synthesis via catalytic co-pyrolysis of cellulose and spent coffee ground over microporous HZSM-5 and HY. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 184:109311. [PMID: 32145550 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic co-pyrolysis (CCP) of spent coffee ground (SCG) and cellulose over HZSM-5 and HY was characterized thermogravimetrically, and a catalytic pyrolysis of two samples was conducted using a tandem micro reactor that directly connected with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. To access the more fundamental investigations on CCP, the effects of the zeolite pore structure, reaction temperature, in-situ/ex-situ reaction mode, catalyst to feedstock ratio, and the SCG and cellulose mixing ratio were experimentally evaluated. The temperature showing the highest thermal degradation rate of cellulose with SCG slightly delayed due to the interactions during the thermolysis of two samples. HZSM-5 in reference to HY produced more aromatic hydrocarbons from CCP. With respect to the reaction temperature, the formation of aromatic hydrocarbons increased with the pyrolytic temperature. Moreover, the in-situ/ex-situ reaction mode, catalyst/feedstock, and cellulose/SCG ratio were optimized to improve the aromatic hydrocarbon yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Won Lee
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, South Korea
| | - Abid Farooq
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, South Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Jang
- Department of BioEnvironmental Energy, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, South Korea
| | - Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Jungho Jae
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, South Korea
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP) & Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development (Bio-D Tropika), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Sang-Chul Jung
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, South Korea
| | - Young-Kwon Park
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, South Korea.
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40
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Abstract
Pyrolysis of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) produces polycyclic hydrocarbons and biphenyl derivatives that are harmful to human health and the environment. Therefore, a palladium metal catalyst (5 wt.% Pd loaded on activated carbon) was used to prevent the formation of harmful materials. When a Pd catalyst/PET ratio of 0.01 was applied in pyrolysis of PET, it did not show a meaningful difference in the generation of polycyclic hydrocarbons and biphenyl derivatives. However, when a Pd catalyst/PET ratio of 0.05 was used during pyrolysis, it prevented their formation and generation at experimental temperature ranges (400–700 °C). For example, the concentration of 2-naphthalenecarboxylic acid produced, which is a typical polycyclic hydrocarbon material, was reduced by 44%. In addition, the concentration of biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid, which is contained in biphenyl derivatives, was reduced by 79% compared to non-catalytic pyrolysis at 800 °C. This was because the ring-opening reaction and free radical mechanism caused by the Pd catalyst and thermal cracking were dominant during the pyrolysis of PET. Apart from these materials, amine compounds were generated as products of the pyrolysis of PET. Amine concentration showed a similar trend with polycyclic hydrocarbons and benzene derivatives. Based on these results, the total concentration of polycyclic hydrocarbons and biphenyl derivatives was compared; the results confirmed that the concentrations of all substances were reduced. This research suggests that a metal-supported catalyst will help create a more environmentally friendly and reliable method of industrial plastic waste disposal.
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Lee Y, Kim YT, Kwon EE, Lee J. Biochar as a catalytic material for the production of 1,4-butanediol and tetrahydrofuran from furan. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 184:109325. [PMID: 32145547 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biomass valorization is emerging as a new trend for the synthesis of materials for various environmental applications. In this connection, a biochar resulting from pyrolysis of rice straw was employed as a catalytic material for the conversion of hemicellulose-derived furan into value-added platform chemicals such as 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD) and tetrahydrofuran (THF). The biochar was used as catalyst support of bifunctional Ru-Re catalyst. Two different catalysts were prepared: a conventional activated carbon (AC)-supported Ru-Re catalyst (Ru-Re/AC) and a biochar-supported Ru-Re catalyst (Ru-Re/biochar). The Ru-Re/biochar had a different form of Re species from the Ru-Re/AC, resulting in different reducibility. The difference of reducibility between the two was attributed to alkali metal present in the biochar such as potassium. The Ru-Re/biochar had a 17 times lower metal dispersion on the surface than the Ru-Re/AC, ascribed to a lower surface area of the biochar than the AC. Catalytic activities of the catalysts with regard to reaction rate per available surface active site for transforming furan to 1,4-BD and THF were measured. The Ru-Re/AC was 3 times less active than the Ru-Re/biochar. This study not only provides a way to efficiently use biomass both for environmental catalysts and for feedstock of producing value-added platform chemicals, but also shows potential of biochar for the replacement of typical catalysts employed in biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghyun Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Tae Kim
- Carbon Resources Institute, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jechan Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.
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Kwon EE, Jung JM, Kim HJ, Lee J. Sustainable production of alkyl esters via thermal process in the presence of carbon black. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 183:109199. [PMID: 32028179 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, it is introduced a sustainable synthetic route of alkyl esters, considered value-added industrial chemicals and fuels, from volatile fatty acids (VFAs) that can potentially be generated from organic waste. In the presence of a porous carbon material, the thermally induced reaction could be conducted under an initial pressure of 1 atm. Even though the reaction was finished within <10 s, they gave a high yield of target products: the conversion of six VFAs into their corresponding methyl esters which can be further converted into gasoline alternatives with >90 wt% yields. The carbon black showed better performance for both reactions than other commercially available porous material such as silica. This work suggests that carbon is a good option of being used as a porous material for thermal esterification to produce renewable alternative chemicals from waste-derived feedstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Jong-Min Jung
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Hyung Ju Kim
- Carbon Resources Institute, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, South Korea
| | - Jechan Lee
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, South Korea.
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Lee Y, Kim S, Kwon EE, Lee J. Effect of carbon dioxide on thermal treatment of food waste as a sustainable disposal method. J CO2 UTIL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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44
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Choi D, Nam IH, Park YK, Ok YS, Lee J, Kwon EE. Catalytic pyrolysis of brown algae using carbon dioxide and oyster shell. J CO2 UTIL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2019.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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45
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Abstract
Catalyst life-time represents one of the most crucial economic aspects in most industrial catalytic processes, due to costly shut-downs, catalyst replacements and proper disposal of spentmaterials[...]
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46
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Kwon EE, Kim S, Lee J. Pyrolysis of waste feedstocks in CO2 for effective energy recovery and waste treatment. J CO2 UTIL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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