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Garriques VR, Dhruve DM, Nadorff MR. Nightmare Disorder. Sleep Med Clin 2024; 19:111-119. [PMID: 38368059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2023.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
This article presents a comprehensive review of nightmare disorder, covering diagnosis, treatment approaches, guidelines, and considerations. It begins with an introduction, defining the disorder and addressing its prevalence and psychosocial implications. The article explores assessment tools for diagnosis and then delves into psychological and pharmacologic treatment modalities, examining their efficacy and side effects. Considerations for optimizing therapeutic outcomes are highlighted, including medication versus psychotherapy, co-morbidities, cultural implications, and the use of technology and service animals. The review concludes by offering key recommendations for effective treatment and clinical care for individuals with nightmare disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria R Garriques
- Department of Psychology, Mississippi State University, 110 Magruder Hall, P.O. Box 6161, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Deepali M Dhruve
- Department of Psychology, Mississippi State University, 110 Magruder Hall, P.O. Box 6161, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Michael R Nadorff
- Department of Psychology, Mississippi State University, 110 Magruder Hall, P.O. Box 6161, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
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Jarczok M, Lange S, Meinck F, Witt A, Clemens V, Fegert JM, Jud A. Widening epidemiological data on the prevalence of child maltreatment: Validation of the German ICAST-R in a student sample and national household survey. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 137:106038. [PMID: 36706613 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of instruments for measuring child maltreatment (CM) prevalence have repeatedly been used across different countries. Although they hold the potential for providing benchmarks to tackle the gap of lacking comparability of CM prevalence across countries, contextual information about the adverse experiences such as perpetrator, chronicity, frequency, or severity are rarely covered. The ISPCAN Child Abuse Screening Tool - Retrospective (ICAST-R) covers these important dimensions. The German version increases the number of available versions to 21 different languages. Spoken by about 120 million people, German is one of the 20 most prevalent languages around the world. Moreover, the ICAST-R is intended to be used with young adults. This study further aims at adding towards the gap of psychometrics in older age groups. METHODS Analyses are based on both a sample of German students (n = 333) and a nationally representative household survey (n = 2515). The validation process covered six steps: (1) Analyses of missing data on single items, (2) calculation of descriptive statistics to estimate the prevalence CM as well as subjective severity and main perpetrators. (3) Structural validity of the four conceptualized subtypes of CM (neglect, physical abuse, emotional abuse and sexual abuse) was tested using confirmatory factor analyses (CFA). Next (4), equivalence testing by multigroup confirmatory factor analyses (MGCFA) on age groups was conducted within the representative sample; (5) reliability was tested by determining internal consistencies for each subscale via the McDonald's Omega, Kuder-Richardson 20 (KR-20), and Cronbach's alpha. Lastly (6), criterion validity was tested in regression models comparing depressive/anxious symptomatology for single victimization and polyvictimization. RESULTS The German ICAST-R yielded low missing values items in both samples. 16 % of the participants in the national household survey reported neglect, 20.3 % physical abuse, 22.2 % emotional abuse, and 8.6 % sexual abuse. Polyvictimization was prevalent with 20.6 % of subjects reporting >2 types of CM. Students in the pilot-survey reported much higher prevalence estimates than participants in the nationally representative sample. The types of CM subjectively rated as most harmful were emotional abuse and sexual abuse. In both samples, structural validity was similarly confirmed as CFA was reproducing the four conceptualized subtypes of CM with adequate fit (household survey: CFI 0.919, TLI 0.907, RMSEA 0.017, SRMR 0.046). Internal consistency achieved acceptable and comparable values for all three types of coefficients; criterion validity was established with a significant dose-response effect of CM experiences on both anxiety and depressive symptoms/diagnoses. Age dependent analyses on structural validity (MGCFA) and reliability in the household survey revealed potential weaknesses of items. CONCLUSION The German version of the ICAST-R both widens the possibility of international CM prevalence comparison and provides novel epidemiological data for Germany on subjective severity of CM and CM perpetrators. Even in the presence of a marked selection bias, the ICAST-R had similarly good psychometric properties in the student and nationally representative household sample. Except for issues with two items, equivalence testing was comparable across age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Jarczok
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Stephanie Lange
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Competence Area Mental Health Prevention in the Competence Network Preventive Medicine Baden-Württemberg, Ulm, Germany
| | - Franziska Meinck
- School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; OPTENTIA, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa; School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Andreas Witt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Vera Clemens
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jörg M Fegert
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Competence Area Mental Health Prevention in the Competence Network Preventive Medicine Baden-Württemberg, Ulm, Germany; Competence Center Child Abuse and Neglect com.can, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas Jud
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Competence Center Child Abuse and Neglect com.can, Ulm, Germany; School of Social Work, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
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Abstract
RATIONALE Patient-centered outcomes are increasingly sought to evaluate social interactions and healthcare interventions in patients with sleep disorders. Yet, measures to assess quality of life (QoL) are lacking for those who experience nightmares. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to describe the development and validation of a new health-related quality of life (HRQoL) instrument for patients with nightmares. METHODS Attributes obtained from a focus group of patients (n = 113) with established nightmares were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis to elicit salient QoL themes for the new instrument. A validation cohort (n = 34) was used to determine the psychometric performance of the 16-item questionnaire including item-scaling, concurrent validity, and test-retest reliability tested four weeks apart. RESULTS Four factors (sleep health, emotional and psychological well-being, social interaction, and motivation) explained 53.9% of the total variance. The Nightmare Quality of Life (NQoL) showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.85) and test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.89). Concurrent validity was evidenced by a strong correlation with the Nightmare Distress Questionnaire (r = 0.87; p < .001) and more modest associations with the Nightmare Frequency Questionnaire (r = , 0.69; p < .001), SF-36 (r = -0.68; p < .001), and PSQI (r = 0.45; p = .007). CONCLUSIONS The NQoL has demonstrable construct validity and reliability and represents a promising multi-dimensional instrument to assess outcome measures for quality of life in patients with nightmares.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A El-Solh
- Department of Research and Development, VA Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, New York.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Yolanda Lawson
- Department of Research and Development, VA Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, New York
| | - Gregory E Wilding
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Health Professions, Buffalo, New York
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Pietrowsky R, Schmitz A, Zink N, Gieselmann A. Das Multidimensionale Düsseldorfer Trauminventar (MDTI). DIAGNOSTICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1026/0012-1924/a000300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Vorgestellt wird die Entwicklung und testpsychologische Evaluation des Multidimensionalen Düsseldorfer Trauminventars (MDTI), eines Fragebogens zur Erfassung des Traumerlebens unabhängig vom Trauminhalt. Dazu wurde eine Vorläuferversion, das Düsseldorfer Trauminventar (DTI; 51 Items), einer Stichprobe aus N = 715 vorgelegt, welche über E-Mail-Verteiler an Universitäten, sozialen Netzwerke sowie Medizin- und Traumforen rekrutiert und zu einem digitalen Fragebogenformular weitergeleitet wurden. Die Stichprobe bestand aus n = 444 weiblichen (62 %) und n = 270 männlichen (38 %) Teilnehmenden. Ihr Alter lag zwischen 15 und 73 Jahren. Das mittlere Alter betrug M = 30.03 Jahre ( SD = 10.36). Die Items wurden einer Hauptkomponentenanalyse mit obliquer Rotation unterzogen, um anschließend die reliabelsten und validesten Items herauszufiltern. Die Faktorenanalyse ergab eine eindeutige 5-faktorielle Struktur des Fragebogens mit sehr guten Reliabilitäten der Subskalen. Die verbliebenen 27 Items bilden nun die 5 Skalen des als Multidimensionales Düsseldorfer Trauminventar (MDTI) bezeichneten Fragebogens: (1) Inkorporation von Tagesereignissen, (2) Angenehme Trauminhalte, (3) Traumerinnerung, (4) Aversive Trauminhalte und (5) Persönliche Bedeutsamkeit der Träume. Mit dem MDTI ist es möglich, das Traumerleben unabhängig vom Trauminhalt zu erfassen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Pietrowsky
- Institut für Experimentelle Psychologie, Abteilung Klinische Psychologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - Annett Schmitz
- Institut für Experimentelle Psychologie, Abteilung Klinische Psychologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - Nicolas Zink
- Institut für Experimentelle Psychologie, Abteilung Klinische Psychologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - Annika Gieselmann
- Institut für Experimentelle Psychologie, Abteilung Klinische Psychologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Deutschland
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Jarczok M, Lange S, Domhardt M, Baumeister H, Jud A. Can You Sleep? - Effect of Retrospective Recall of Child Maltreatment on Sleep Parameters and the Mediating Role of Psychological Distress Among Students of Two German Universities. Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:1299-1310. [PMID: 35880201 PMCID: PMC9307868 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s360610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Child maltreatment may be linked with long-term sleeping disorders and limited coping with stress. Yet, the potential relationships are only marginally studied. PATIENTS AND METHODS Based on a sample of young adults (n = 312) this study aims at exploring the effects of child maltreatment and the experience of threat to personal safety and life in childhood on sleep disturbances in early adulthood. Data were collected at the two study sites, Ulm University and Bielefeld University, by an online survey. For both risk factors, child maltreatment and the experience of threat to personal safety and life in childhood, a direct impact on sleep disturbances and an indirect path via psychological distress were tested using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). RESULTS In these models, the direct path to sleep disturbances turned out to be significant for the experience of threat to personal safety and life (Path C: b = 0.18, p = 0.013), but not for child maltreatment (Path C: b = 0.05, p = 0.491). However, the current level of psychological distress was found to have a mediating effect on sleep disturbances for both risk factors, thereby confirming indirect significant effects. CONCLUSION Considering that the etiological pathway of child maltreatment on sleeping disturbances is mediated via psychological distress, this provides a venue to test in future research whether stress reduction interventions can reduce the negative consequences of child maltreatment on sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Jarczok
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stephanie Lange
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Matthias Domhardt
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Harald Baumeister
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas Jud
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,School of Social Work, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Lucerne, Switzerland
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Bad dreams, bedtime anxiety, and trait anxiety in school-aged children. SOMNOLOGIE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11818-020-00268-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background and objectives
Occasional nightmares (distressing dreams that awaking the sleeper) and bad dreams (distressing dreams that do not awaking the sleeper) are very common in children and adolescents. About 5% of children experience frequent nightmares (once a week or more often) and the question arises as to what factors contribute to significant nightmare distress which is basic for diagnosing a nightmare disorder.
Materials and methods
A sample of 624 school-aged children (10–16 years; mean age 12.45 ± 1.33 years) completed a dream questionnaire and an anxiety inventory.
Results
About 11% of the participants reported frequent bad dreams; 3.5% reported frequent bedtime anxieties due to bad dreams. Similar to the findings in adults, distress due to bad dreams was not only related to bad dream frequency but also to trait anxiety—controlling for the direct effect of trait anxiety on bad dream frequency, i.e., bad dream frequency and trait anxiety contributed independently to bedtime anxiety due to bad dreams. In the exploratory part, the cultural background of the children’s parents showed only minor effects on bad dreams.
Conclusion
Similar to nightmare studies in adults, bad dream frequency and trait anxiety contributed independently to bad dream distress. Based on the current diagnostic criteria of the nightmare disorder, it would be interesting to have the opportunity to treat children with significant distress due to nightmares or bad dreams and study the long-term benefit—given that many adult nightmare sufferers reported that their nightmares started in childhood.
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Gieselmann A, Elberich N, Mathes J, Pietrowsky R. Nightmare distress revisited: Cognitive appraisal of nightmares according to Lazarus' transactional model of stress. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2020; 68:101517. [PMID: 31884305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2019.101517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aim of the current research was to newly conceptualize nightmare distress. The special focus was on the appraisal of nightmare distress while applying a theory-driven approach based on Lazarus' transactional model of stress. It was argued that individuals feel the more distressed the more they feel threatened and harmed by their nightmares (primary appraisal according to Lazarus) and the more they lack of adequate coping skills to deal with the stressor (secondary appraisal). Based on these assumptions, the questionnaire of Cognitive Appraisal of Nightmares (CAN) was challenged empirically in two studies of patients who have experienced distressing nightmares using explorative and confirmative factor analyses (N = 504 and N = 402). Items and scales showed good psychometric properties and plausible correlations. The CAN sum score was more distinct from nightmare frequency than the frequently used Nightmare Distress Questionnaire (NDQ), underpinning that frequency and distress are both different approaches to what patients suffer from. The NDQ was particularly associated with acted out behaviors after a nightmare, while the CAN was particularly associated with physiological and emotional consequences of a nightmare. In order to obtain a multifactorial and theory-driven picture about how individuals appraise their nightmares, the CAN may be convenient.
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Gorzka RJ, Rebling K, Höllmer H, Schulz H, Knaust T, Protic S, Schredl M, Wittmann L. Psychometric evaluation of the Hamburg Nightmare Questionnaire (HNQ). Eur J Psychotraumatol 2019; 10:1592393. [PMID: 31007869 PMCID: PMC6461101 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2019.1592393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nightmares are a widespread phenomenon. In comparison to the general population, they occur in mentally ill and especially in traumatized individuals with an increased frequency. Despite the high prevalence, there is no short questionnaire in the German language that is able to characterize nightmares, to differentiate between different nightmare types and to assess their impact on daytime functioning. Objective: The Hamburg Nightmare Questionnaire (HNQ) has been developed as a short self-rating instrument to fill this gap. Method: Psychometric characteristics of the HNQ were evaluated in a sample of 707 German soldiers passing through the standard diagnostics of the Center for Mental Health at the German Armed Forces Hospital Hamburg. Results: The results of this study show satisfactory psychometric characteristics as a sound factorial structure and adequate internal consistency for the HNQ as well as initial indications of the construct validity of its subscales. Conclusions: The HNQ is a reliable and economic tool for the assessment of posttraumatic nightmares in clinical as well as research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert-Jacek Gorzka
- Center for Mental Health, German Armed Forces Hospital Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Bundeswehr Military Police Command, Department of Psychology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katja Rebling
- Center for Mental Health, German Armed Forces Hospital Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Helge Höllmer
- Center for Mental Health, German Armed Forces Hospital Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Holger Schulz
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Institute and Outpatients Clinic of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thiemo Knaust
- Center for Mental Health, German Armed Forces Hospital Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Protic
- International Psychoanalytic University, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Criminological and Sociological Research, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Michael Schredl
- Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lutz Wittmann
- International Psychoanalytic University, Berlin, Germany
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Schlafen kann man lernen: Leitlinienbasierte Diagnostik und Behandlung von Insomnien und Alpträumen im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr 2019; 68:93-109. [DOI: 10.13109/prkk.2019.68.2.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Gieselmann A, Ait Aoudia M, Carr M, Germain A, Gorzka R, Holzinger B, Kleim B, Krakow B, Kunze AE, Lancee J, Nadorff MR, Nielsen T, Riemann D, Sandahl H, Schlarb AA, Schmid C, Schredl M, Spoormaker VI, Steil R, van Schagen AM, Wittmann L, Zschoche M, Pietrowsky R. Aetiology and treatment of nightmare disorder: State of the art and future perspectives. J Sleep Res 2019; 28:e12820. [PMID: 30697860 PMCID: PMC6850667 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This consensus paper provides an overview of the state of the art in research on the aetiology and treatment of nightmare disorder and outlines further perspectives on these issues. It presents a definition of nightmares and nightmare disorder followed by epidemiological findings, and then explains existing models of nightmare aetiology in traumatized and non‐traumatized individuals. Chronic nightmares develop through the interaction of elevated hyperarousal and impaired fear extinction. This interplay is assumed to be facilitated by trait affect distress elicited by traumatic experiences, early childhood adversity and trait susceptibility, as well as by elevated thought suppression and potentially sleep‐disordered breathing. Accordingly, different treatment options for nightmares focus on their meaning, on the chronic repetition of the nightmare or on maladaptive beliefs. Clinically, knowledge of healthcare providers about nightmare disorder and the delivery of evidence‐based interventions in the healthcare system is discussed. Based on these findings, we highlight some future perspectives and potential further developments of nightmare treatments and research into nightmare aetiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Gieselmann
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Malik Ait Aoudia
- Centre du Psychotrauma de l'Institut de Victimologie à Paris, Paris, France
| | - Michelle Carr
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Anne Germain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert Gorzka
- Central Institute for Mental Health, Bundeswehrkrankenhaus Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Birgit Kleim
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Barry Krakow
- Maimonides Sleep Arts and Sciences, Ltd, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Anna E Kunze
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jaap Lancee
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michael R Nadorff
- Department of Psychology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Tore Nielsen
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dieter Riemann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hinuga Sandahl
- Competence Centre for Transcultural Psychiatry, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Angelika A Schlarb
- Department of Psychology and Sports, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Carolin Schmid
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Michael Schredl
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Regina Steil
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Annette M van Schagen
- Foundation Centrum '45, Partner in Arq Psychotrauma Expert Group, Oegstgeest, the Netherlands
| | - Lutz Wittmann
- International Psychoanalytic University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Zschoche
- Department of Psychology and Sports, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Reinhard Pietrowsky
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Schlarb AA, Holtmann M. Sleep medicine and sleep research in childhood and adolescence: wake up! ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2018; 46:365-367. [PMID: 30204071 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angelika A Schlarb
- 1 Fakultät für Psychologie und Sportwissenschaft, Abteilung Psychologie, Arbeitseinheit Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld
| | - Martin Holtmann
- 2 LWL-Universitätsklinik Hamm der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Hamm
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Schlarb AA, Brock N, Nussbeck FW, Claßen M. Infatuation and Lovesickness on Sleep Quality and Dreams in Adolescence. Health (London) 2017. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2017.91010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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