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Yuan P, Ma N, Xu B. Poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitors in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer with homologous repair deficiency. Med Res Rev 2024. [PMID: 38922930 DOI: 10.1002/med.22058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a highly heterogeneous disease, and the presence of germline breast cancer gene mutation (gBRCAm) is associated with a poor prognosis. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a BC subtype, characterized by the absence of hormone and growth factor receptor expression, making therapeutic decisions difficult. Defects in the DNA damage response pathway due to mutation in breast cancer genes (BRCA 1/2) lead to homologous recombination deficiency (HRD). However, in HRD conditions, poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) proteins repair DNA damage and lead to tumor cell survival. Biological understanding of HRD leads to the development of PARP inhibitors (PARPi), which trap PARP proteins and cause genomic instability and tumor cell lysis. HRD assessment can be an important biomarker in identifying gBRCAm patients with BC who could benefit from PARPi therapy. HRD can be identified by homologous recombination repair (HRR) gene-based assays, genomic-scarring assays and mutational signatures, transcription and protein expression profiles, and functional assays. However, gold standard methodologies that are robust and reliable to assess HRD are not available currently. Hence, there is a pressing need to develop accurate biomarkers identifying HRD tumors to guide targeted therapies such as PARPi in patients with BC. HRD assessment has shown fruitful outcomes in chemotherapy studies and preliminary evidence on PARPi intervention as monotherapy and combination therapy in HRD-stratified patients. Furthermore, ongoing trials are exploring the potential of PARPi in BC and clinically complex TNBC settings, where HRD testing is used as an adjunct to stratify patients based on BRCA mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yuan
- Department of VIP Medical Services, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Ma
- Value & Implementation Global Medical & Scientific Affairs, MSD China, Shanghai, China
| | - Binghe Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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2
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Shirbhate E, Singh V, Kore R, Vishwakarma S, Veerasamy R, Tiwari AK, Rajak H. The Role of Cytokines in Activation of Tumour-promoting Pathways and Emergence of Cancer Drug Resistance. Curr Top Med Chem 2024; 24:523-540. [PMID: 38258788 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266284527240118041129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Scientists are constantly researching and launching potential chemotherapeutic agents as an irreplaceable weapon to fight the battle against cancer. Despite remarkable advancement over the past several decades to wipe out cancer through early diagnosis, proper prevention, and timely treatment, cancer is not ready to give up and leave the battleground. It continuously tries to find some other way to give a tough fight for its survival, either by escaping from the effect of chemotherapeutic drugs or utilising its own chemical messengers like cytokines to ensure resistance. Cytokines play a significant role in cancer cell growth and progression, and the present article highlights their substantial contribution to mechanisms of resistance toward therapeutic drugs. Multiple clinical studies have even described the importance of specific cytokines released from cancer cells as well as stromal cells in conferring resistance. Herein, we discuss the different mechanism behind drug resistance and the crosstalk between tumor development and cytokines release and their contribution to showing resistance towards chemotherapeutics. As a part of this review, different approaches to cytokines profile have been identified and employed to successfully target new evolving mechanisms of resistance and their possible treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Shirbhate
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur, 495 009, (C.G.), India
| | - Vaibhav Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur, 495 009, (C.G.), India
| | - Rakesh Kore
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur, 495 009, (C.G.), India
| | - Subham Vishwakarma
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur, 495 009, (C.G.), India
| | - Ravichandran Veerasamy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling, 08100, Bedong, Kedah Darul Aman, Malaysia
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Cancer & System Therapeutics, UAMS College of Pharmacy, UAMS - University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Harish Rajak
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur, 495 009, (C.G.) India
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3
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Recent advances in structural types and medicinal chemistry of PARP-1 inhibitors. Med Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-02919-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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4
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Nizi M, Maksimainen MM, Lehtiö L, Tabarrini O. Medicinal Chemistry Perspective on Targeting Mono-ADP-Ribosylating PARPs with Small Molecules. J Med Chem 2022; 65:7532-7560. [PMID: 35608571 PMCID: PMC9189837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Major advances have recently defined functions for human mono-ADP-ribosylating PARP enzymes (mono-ARTs), also opening up potential applications for targeting them to treat diseases. Structural biology combined with medicinal chemistry has allowed the design of potent small molecule inhibitors which typically bind to the catalytic domain. Most of these inhibitors are at the early stages, but some have already a suitable profile to be used as chemical tools. One compound targeting PARP7 has even progressed to clinical trials. In this review, we collect inhibitors of mono-ARTs with a typical "H-Y-Φ" motif (Φ = hydrophobic residue) and focus on compounds that have been reported as active against one or a restricted number of enzymes. We discuss them from a medicinal chemistry point of view and include an analysis of the available crystal structures, allowing us to craft a pharmacophore model that lays the foundation for obtaining new potent and more specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria
Giulia Nizi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Mirko M. Maksimainen
- Faculty
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 5400 Oulu, Finland
| | - Lari Lehtiö
- Faculty
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 5400 Oulu, Finland
| | - Oriana Tabarrini
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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5
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Multi-Disciplinary Care Planning of Ovarian Cancer in Older Patients: General Statement-A Position Paper from SOFOG-GINECO-FRANCOGYN-SFPO. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051295. [PMID: 35267603 PMCID: PMC8909025 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This position paper aims to provide practitioners a proposal for multidisciplinary care planning for older patients with ovarian cancer from the time of suspected diagnosis. The first-line treatment of advanced ovarian cancer involves several interdependent sequences: cytoreductive surgery, (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy and maintenance targeted treatments. In older patients, care planning must be adapted to their geriatric parameters and consider the geriatric impact of each treatment sequence to allow treatment completion. Care planning should be centered on patient motivation and imply multidisciplinarity. Each step of treatment plan should be reconsidered in light of a geriatric assessment and follow-up. Studies are needed to prospectively evaluate the impact of geriatric vulnerability parameters at each step of the treatment agenda and the impact of geriatric interventions on patient outcomes. Abstract In this position paper the Société Francophone d’OncoGériatrie (SOFOG; French-speaking oncogeriatric society), the Société Française de Pharmacie Oncologique (SFPO, French society for oncology pharmacy), the Groupe d’Investigateurs Nationaux pour l’Étude des Cancers de l’Ovaire et du sein (GINECO, National Investigators’ Group for Studies in Ovarian and Breast Cancer) and the Groupe Français de chirurgie Oncologique et Gynécologique (FRANCOGYN) propose a multi-disciplinary care planning of ovarian cancer in older patients. The treatment pathway is based on four successive decisional nodes (diagnosis, resectability assessment, operability assessment, adjuvant, and maintenance treatment decision) implying multidisciplinarity and adaptation of the treatment plan according to the patient’s geriatric covariates and her motivation towards treatment. Specific attention must be paid to geriatric intervention, supportive care and pharmaceutical conciliation. Studies are needed to prospectively evaluate the impact of geriatric vulnerability parameters at each step of the treatment agenda and the impact of geriatric interventions on patient outcomes.
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6
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The role of PARP inhibitors in gastrointestinal cancers. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 171:103621. [PMID: 35124199 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of BReast CAncer (BRCA) mutations as biomarkers for sensitivity to DNA damage response (DDR) targeted drugs and platinum agents is well documented in breast and gynaecological cancers. More recently the successful use DDR targeted therapies including poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP) inhibitors has been shown to extend to other germline and somatic deficiencies within the homologous recombination (HR) pathway1-3. Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are lagging behind other tumour types when it comes to personalising treatment with targeted therapies. Current methods of identifying PARP-inhibitor sensitivity in gastrointestinal cancers are based on analogies from other cancer types despite there being a lack of uniformity in determining HR status between tumour types. There is an urgent clinical need to better understand the treatment implications of DDR alterations in gastrointestinal cancers. We have reviewed PARP-inhibitor use in pancreatic, gastroesophageal, hepatobiliary and colorectal cancers and explored HRD as a biomarker for sensitivity to PARP-inhibitors.
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7
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Royfman R, Whiteley E, Noe O, Morand S, Creeden J, Stanbery L, Hamouda D, Nemunaitis J. BRCA1/2 signaling and homologous recombination deficiency in breast and ovarian cancer. Future Oncol 2021; 17:2817-2830. [PMID: 34058833 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients who have mutations of the genes BRCA1 or BRCA2 are at an increased risk for developing breast and ovarian cancer. BRCA1/2 function as tumor suppressor genes, responsible for regulating DNA repair, and play an essential role in homologous recombination. Mutation of BRCA1/2 results in homologous recombination deficiency and genomic instability which drives oncogenesis and cancer proliferation. Recently, BRCA1/2 gene expression has been implicated in regulating immune response. Here we discuss the signaling pathway of BRCA1/2 in relation to breast and ovarian cancer, with emphasis on how dysregulation facilitates the path to malignancy and current treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Royfman
- University of Toledo Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Emma Whiteley
- University of Toledo Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Olivia Noe
- University of Toledo Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Susan Morand
- University of Toledo Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Justin Creeden
- University of Toledo Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Laura Stanbery
- Gradalis, Inc., Carrollton, Department of Medical Affairs, Carrollton, TX 75006, USA
| | - Danae Hamouda
- University of Toledo Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - John Nemunaitis
- Gradalis, Inc., Carrollton, Department of Medical Affairs, Carrollton, TX 75006, USA
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8
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Montero-Macias R, Koual M, Crespel C, Le Frére-Belda MA, Hélène HB, Nguyen-Xuan HT, Garinet S, Perkins G, Balay V, Durdux C, Florin M, Péré H, Bats AS. Complete pathological response to olaparib and bevacizumab in advanced cervical cancer following chemoradiation in a BRCA1 mutation carrier: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2021; 15:210. [PMID: 33888155 PMCID: PMC8063354 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-021-02767-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homologous recombination deficiency is a marker of response to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors in different cancer types including ovary, prostate, and pancreatic cancer. To date, no report about poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors has been published on cervical cancer. CASE PRESENTATION Here we present the case of a patient with cervical cancer treated in this setting. A 49-year-old woman diagnosed with International Federation of Obstetricians and Gynecologists stage 2018 IIIC2 locally advanced undifferentiated cervical cancer received first-line chemoradiotherapy followed by carboplatin, paclitaxel, and bevacizumab with partial response. Because of a family history of cancers, the patient was tested and found positive for a pathogenic BRCA1 germline and somatic mutation, which motivated bevacizumab plus olaparib maintenance treatment. A simple hysterectomy was performed after 2 years stable disease; pathological report showed complete pathological response, and 12 months follow-up showed no recurrence. CONCLUSION Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors could be an alternative maintenance treatment for patients with persistent advanced cervical cancer previously treated with platinum, especially when familial history of cancers is reported. Clinical trials using poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors for advanced cervical cancer are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Montero-Macias
- Department of Gynaecologic and Breast Oncological Surgery, European Georges-Pompidou Hospital, APHP. Centre, 20, rue Leblanc, 75908, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Meriem Koual
- Department of Gynaecologic and Breast Oncological Surgery, European Georges-Pompidou Hospital, APHP. Centre, 20, rue Leblanc, 75908, Paris Cedex 15, France. .,Faculty of Medicine, Paris University, Paris, France. .,Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Céline Crespel
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris University, Paris, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, European Georges-Pompidou Hospital, APHP. Centre, Paris, France
| | | | - Hélène Blons Hélène
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris University, Paris, France.,Department of Biochemistry, European Georges-Pompidou Hospital, APHP. Centre, Paris, France.,Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, INSERM UMR-S 1147, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Huyen-Thu Nguyen-Xuan
- Department of Gynaecologic and Breast Oncological Surgery, European Georges-Pompidou Hospital, APHP. Centre, 20, rue Leblanc, 75908, Paris Cedex 15, France.,Faculty of Medicine, Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Simon Garinet
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris University, Paris, France.,Department of Biochemistry, European Georges-Pompidou Hospital, APHP. Centre, Paris, France.,Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, INSERM UMR-S 1147, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Géraldine Perkins
- Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, INSERM UMR-S 1147, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Department of Biology, European Georges-Pompidou Hospital, APHP. Centre, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Balay
- Department of Gynaecologic and Breast Oncological Surgery, European Georges-Pompidou Hospital, APHP. Centre, 20, rue Leblanc, 75908, Paris Cedex 15, France.,Faculty of Medicine, Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Durdux
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris University, Paris, France.,Department of Radiotherapy, European Georges-Pompidou Hospital, APHP. Centre, Paris, France
| | - Marie Florin
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris University, Paris, France.,Department of Radiology, European Georges-Pompidou Hospital, APHP. Centre, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Péré
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris University, Paris, France.,Department of Virology, European Georges-Pompidou Hospital, APHP. Centre, Paris, France.,INSERM 970, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC), European Georges-Pompidou Hospital, APHP. Centre, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Bats
- Department of Gynaecologic and Breast Oncological Surgery, European Georges-Pompidou Hospital, APHP. Centre, 20, rue Leblanc, 75908, Paris Cedex 15, France.,Faculty of Medicine, Paris University, Paris, France.,Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, INSERM UMR-S 1147, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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9
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Sari AN, Elwakeel A, Dhanjal JK, Kumar V, Sundar D, Kaul SC, Wadhwa R. Identification and Characterization of Mortaparib Plus-A Novel Triazole Derivative That Targets Mortalin-p53 Interaction and Inhibits Cancer-Cell Proliferation by Wild-Type p53-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040835. [PMID: 33671256 PMCID: PMC7921971 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 has an essential role in suppressing the carcinogenesis process by inducing cell cycle arrest/apoptosis/senescence. Mortalin/GRP75 is a member of the Hsp70 protein family that binds to p53 causing its sequestration in the cell cytoplasm. Hence, p53 cannot translocate to the nucleus to execute its canonical tumour suppression function as a transcription factor. Abrogation of mortalin-p53 interaction and subsequent reactivation of p53's tumour suppression function has been anticipated as a possible approach in developing a novel cancer therapeutic drug candidate. A chemical library was screened in a high-content screening system to identify potential mortalin-p53 interaction disruptors. By four rounds of visual assays for mortalin and p53, we identified a novel synthetic small-molecule triazole derivative (4-[(1E)-2-(2-phenylindol-3-yl)-1-azavinyl]-1,2,4-triazole, henceforth named MortaparibPlus). Its activities were validated using multiple bioinformatics and experimental approaches in colorectal cancer cells possessing either wild-type (HCT116) or mutant (DLD-1) p53. Bioinformatics and computational analyses predicted the ability of MortaparibPlus to competitively prevent the interaction of mortalin with p53 as it interacted with the p53 binding site of mortalin. Immunoprecipitation analyses demonstrated the abrogation of mortalin-p53 complex formation in MortaparibPlus-treated cells that showed growth arrest and apoptosis mediated by activation of p21WAF1, or BAX and PUMA signalling, respectively. Furthermore, we demonstrate that MortaparibPlus-induced cytotoxicity to cancer cells is mediated by multiple mechanisms that included the inhibition of PARP1, up-regulation of p73, and also the down-regulation of mortalin and CARF proteins that play critical roles in carcinogenesis. MortaparibPlus is a novel multimodal candidate anticancer drug that warrants further experimental and clinical attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anissa Nofita Sari
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Central 5-41, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan; (A.N.S.); (A.E.); (J.K.D.)
- School of Integrative & Global Majors (SIGMA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Ahmed Elwakeel
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Central 5-41, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan; (A.N.S.); (A.E.); (J.K.D.)
- School of Integrative & Global Majors (SIGMA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Jaspreet Kaur Dhanjal
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Central 5-41, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan; (A.N.S.); (A.E.); (J.K.D.)
| | - Vipul Kumar
- DAILAB, Department of Biochemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110-016, India; (V.K.); (D.S.)
| | - Durai Sundar
- DAILAB, Department of Biochemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110-016, India; (V.K.); (D.S.)
| | - Sunil C. Kaul
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Central 5-41, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan; (A.N.S.); (A.E.); (J.K.D.)
- Correspondence: (S.C.K.); (R.W.)
| | - Renu Wadhwa
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Central 5-41, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan; (A.N.S.); (A.E.); (J.K.D.)
- School of Integrative & Global Majors (SIGMA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
- Correspondence: (S.C.K.); (R.W.)
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10
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Clinical significance of homologous recombination deficiency score testing in endometrial Cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2021; 160:777-785. [PMID: 33563487 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) score is related to chemotherapy response in some cancers, but its role in endometrial cancer in not known. We determined frequency and clinical significance of alterations in the HR pathway in endometrial cancer. METHODS 253 endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma (EEA) samples from two independent cohorts (discovery and replication) were tested for HRD score using the Myriad HRD assay, microsatellite instability (MSI) and tumor mutation burden (TMB) using a next generation sequencing assay. HRD scores were also generated on endometrial cancer cell lines and in vivo response to olaparib was assessed. RESULTS ROC curves were employed to determine optimal cutoffs of HRD in relation to survival impact in endometrial cancer and a cutoff of HRD ≥ 4 was suggested for DFS using the discovery cohort. Patients from two independent cohorts with HRD score ≥ 4 trended toward worse survival as compared to those with HRD score < 4. Both cohorts were further separated into four groups according to molecular subtypes (TMB positive; MSI positive; HRD positive; all others). When grouped by molecular subtype, there was a significant difference between groups using an HRD ≥4 cutoff in the initial (p = 0.0024) and replication (p = 0.042) cohorts. The Hec1a model (HRD score = 19) was highly sensitive to olaparib in in vitro and in vivo experiments. CONCLUSIONS High HRD score was associated with worse DFS in our patient cohort. These findings suggest that HRD score may have clinical utility in patients with advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer.
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11
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Li H, Tu J, Zhao Z, Chen L, Qu Y, Li H, Yao H, Wang X, Lee DF, Shen J, Wen L, Huang G, Xie X. Molecular signatures of BRCAness analysis identifies PARP inhibitor Niraparib as a novel targeted therapeutic strategy for soft tissue Sarcomas. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:9477-9494. [PMID: 32863940 PMCID: PMC7449912 DOI: 10.7150/thno.45763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Patients with advanced soft tissue sarcomas (STS) have a dismal prognosis with few effective therapeutic options. A defect in the homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway can accumulate DNA repair errors and gene mutations, which can lead to tumorigenesis. BRCAness describes tumors with an HRR deficiency (HRD) in the absence of a germline BRCA1/2 mutation. However, the characteristics of BRCAness in STS remain largely unknown. Thus, this study aimed to explore the genomic and molecular landscape of BRCAness using whole exome sequencing (WES) in STS, aiming to find a potential target for STS treatment. Methods: WES was performed in 22 STS samples from the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University to reveal the possible genomic and molecular characteristics. The characteristics were then validated using data of 224 STS samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and in vitro data. The analysis of the potential biomarker for BRCAness was performed. Targeted drug susceptibility and combination therapy screening of chemotherapeutics for STS were evaluated in STS cell lines, cell-line-derived xenografts (CDX), and patient-derived xenografts (PDX). Results: Compared with 30 somatic mutation signatures of cancers, high cosine-similarity (0.75) was identified for HRD signatures in the 22 STS samples using nonnegative matrix factorization. Single nucleotide polymorphism indicated a low mutation rate of BRCA1/2 in the 22 STS samples (11.76% and 5.88%, respectively). However, copy number variation analyses demonstrated widespread chromosomal instability; furthermore, 54.55% of STS samples (12/22) carried BRCAness traits. Subsequently, similar genomic and molecular characteristics were also detected in the 224 STS samples from TCGA and in vitro. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP)-1 could be a promising reflection of HRD and therapeutic response. Furthermore, the level of PAR formation was found to be correlated with PARP-1. Subsequently, STS cell lines were determined to be sensitive to PARP inhibitor (PARPi), niraparib. Moreover, based on the screening test of the five common PARPis and combination test among doxorubicin, ifosfamide, dacarbazine, and temozolomide (TMZ), niraparib and TMZ were the most synergistic in STS cell lines. The synergistic effect and safety of niraparib and TMZ combination were also shown in CDX and PDX. Conclusions: BRCAness might be the common genomic and molecular characteristics of majority of STS cases. PARP-1 and PAR could be potential proper and feasible theranostic biomarkers for assessing HRD in patients. STSs were sensitive to PARPi. Moreover, the combination of niraparib and TMZ showed synergistic effect. Niraparib and TMZ could be a promising targeted therapeutic strategy for patients with STS.
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12
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Dalezis P, Geromichalou E, Polonifi A, Sagredou S, Nikoleousakos N, Nikolaou M, Sarli V, Panayiotidis MI, Trafalis DT. Azasteroid Alkylators as Dual Inhibitors of AKT and ERK Signaling for the Treatment of Ovarian Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051263. [PMID: 32429466 PMCID: PMC7281072 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Previous findings show that lactam steroidal alkylating esters display improved therapeutic efficacy with reduced toxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anticancer activity of two newly synthesized aza-steroid alkylators (ENGA-L06E and ENGA-L08E) against human ovarian carcinoma cells, and consequently, the dual inhibition of RAS/PI3K/AKT and RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathways, both of which are closely associated with ovarian cancer; (2) Methods: The in vitro cytostatic and cytotoxic effects of ENGA-L06E and ENGA-L08E were evaluated in a panel of five human ovarian cancer cell lines, as well as in in vivo studies. ENGA-L06E and ENGA-L08E, in addition to another two aniline-mustard alkylators, POPAM and melphalan (L-PAM), were utilized in order to determine the acute toxicity and antitumor efficacy on two human ovarian xenograft models. Also, in silico studies were performed in order to investigate the dual inhibition of ENGA-L06E and ENGA-L08E on RAS/PI3K/AKT and RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathways; (3) Results: Both, in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that ENGA-L06E and ENGA-L08E were significantly more effective with a lower toxicity profile in comparison to POPAM and L-PAM alkylators. Moreover, in silico studies demonstrated that the two new aza-steroid alkylators could act as efficient inhibitors of the phosphorylation of AKT and ERK1/2 molecules; and (4) Conclusions: Both ENGA-L06E and ENGA-L08E demonstrated high anticancer activity through the inhibition of the PI3K-AKT and KRAS-ERK signaling pathways against human ovarian carcinoma, and thus constituting strong evidence towards further clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Dalezis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (P.D.); (E.G.); (A.P.); (S.S.); (N.N.); (M.N.)
| | - Eleni Geromichalou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (P.D.); (E.G.); (A.P.); (S.S.); (N.N.); (M.N.)
| | - Aikaterini Polonifi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (P.D.); (E.G.); (A.P.); (S.S.); (N.N.); (M.N.)
| | - Sofia Sagredou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (P.D.); (E.G.); (A.P.); (S.S.); (N.N.); (M.N.)
| | - Nikolaos Nikoleousakos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (P.D.); (E.G.); (A.P.); (S.S.); (N.N.); (M.N.)
| | - Michael Nikolaou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (P.D.); (E.G.); (A.P.); (S.S.); (N.N.); (M.N.)
| | - Vasiliki Sarli
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Mihalis I. Panayiotidis
- Department of Electron Microscopy & Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, 2371 Nicosia, Cyprus
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, 1683 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Correspondence: (M.I.P.); (D.T.T.); Tel.: +357-22392626 (M.I.P); Tel.: +30-210-7468527 (D.T.T.)
| | - Dimitrios T. Trafalis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (P.D.); (E.G.); (A.P.); (S.S.); (N.N.); (M.N.)
- Correspondence: (M.I.P.); (D.T.T.); Tel.: +357-22392626 (M.I.P); Tel.: +30-210-7468527 (D.T.T.)
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13
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Cohen AC, Roane BM, Leath CA. Novel Therapeutics for Recurrent Cervical Cancer: Moving Towards Personalized Therapy. Drugs 2020; 80:217-227. [PMID: 31939072 PMCID: PMC7033025 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-019-01249-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
While screening programs and HPV vaccination have decreased the incidence of cervical cancer, still over 13,000 cases occur in the USA annually. Early-stage cervical cancer has an excellent long-term prognosis, with 5-year survival for localized disease being > 90%. Survival decreases markedly for both locally advanced and metastatic disease, and both are associated with a higher risk of recurrence. Few effective treatment options exist for persistent, recurrent, or metastatic cervical cancer. In 2014, the anti-VEGF antibody bevacizumab was approved in combination with chemotherapy based on the results of the Phase III GOG-240 study. As the majority of cervical cancers have a viral etiology, which impairs the immune system, immunotherapy using checkpoint inhibitors and other agents, appears to be a promising approach. In June 2018, the US FDA approved the anti-PD1 antibody pembrolizumab for recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer with PD-L1 expression that progressed after one or more lines of chemotherapy. Another anti-PD1 antibody, cemiplimab also shows potential in this setting, either as monotherapy or combined with radiotherapy, and it is currently being evaluated in a Phase III trial. Additional checkpoint inhibitors including nivolumab, durvalumab, atezolizumab, and camrelizumab are in different stages of clinical development for the disease. Finally, an additional targeted approach being pursued involves PARP inhibitors (rucaparib and olaparib are both in Phase II) based on earlier study results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C Cohen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Brandon M Roane
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1700 6th Avenue South, Room 10250, Birmingham, AL, 35249-7333, USA
| | - Charles A Leath
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1700 6th Avenue South, Room 10250, Birmingham, AL, 35249-7333, USA.
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14
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Yi M, Dong B, Qin S, Chu Q, Wu K, Luo S. Advances and perspectives of PARP inhibitors. Exp Hematol Oncol 2019; 8:29. [PMID: 31737426 PMCID: PMC6849303 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-019-0154-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage repair deficiency leads to the increased risk of genome instability and oncogenic transformation. In the meanwhile, this deficiency could be exploited for cancer treatment by inducing excessive genome instability and catastrophic DNA damage. Continuous DNA replication in cancer cells leads to higher demand of DNA repair components. Due to the oncogenic loss of some DNA repair effectors (e.g. BRCA) and incomplete DNA repair repertoire, some cancer cells are addicted to certain DNA repair pathways such as Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-related single-strand break repair pathway. The interaction between BRCA and PARP is a form of synthetic lethal effect which means the simultaneously functional loss of two genes lead to cell death, while defect in any single gene has a slight effect on cell viability. Based on synthetic lethal theory, Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) was developed aiming to selectively target cancer cells harboring BRCA1/2 mutations. Recently, a growing body of evidence indicated that a broader population of patients could benefit from PARPi therapy far beyond those with germline BRCA1/2 mutated tumors. Numerous biomarkers including homologous recombination deficiency and high level of replication pressure also herald high sensitivity to PARPi treatment. Besides, a series of studies indicated that PARPi-involved combination therapy such as PARPi with additional chemotherapy therapy, immune checkpoint inhibitor, as well as targeted agent had a great advantage in overcoming PARPi resistance and enhancing PARPi efficacy. In this review, we summarized the advances of PARPi in clinical application. Besides, we highlighted multiple promising PARPi-based combination strategies in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yi
- 1Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Bing Dong
- 2Department of Molecular Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008 China
| | - Shuang Qin
- 1Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Qian Chu
- 1Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Kongming Wu
- 1Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China.,3Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008 China
| | - Suxia Luo
- 3Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008 China
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15
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Lee K, Ji JH, Yoon K, Che J, Seol JH, Lee SE, Shim EY. Microhomology Selection for Microhomology Mediated End Joining in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10040284. [PMID: 30965655 PMCID: PMC6523938 DOI: 10.3390/genes10040284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ) anneals short, imperfect microhomologies flanking DNA breaks, producing repair products with deletions in a Ku- and RAD52-independent fashion. Puzzlingly, MMEJ preferentially selects certain microhomologies over others, even when multiple microhomologies are available. To define rules and parameters for microhomology selection, we altered the length, the position, and the level of mismatches to the microhomologies flanking homothallic switching (HO) endonuclease-induced breaks and assessed their effect on MMEJ frequency and the types of repair product formation. We found that microhomology of eight to 20 base pairs carrying no more than 20% mismatches efficiently induced MMEJ. Deletion of MSH6 did not impact MMEJ frequency. MMEJ preferentially chose a microhomology pair that was more proximal from the break. Interestingly, MMEJ events preferentially retained the centromere proximal side of the HO break, while the sequences proximal to the telomere were frequently deleted. The asymmetry in the deletional profile among MMEJ products was reduced when HO was induced on the circular chromosome. The results provide insight into how cells search and select microhomologies for MMEJ in budding yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kihoon Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA.
| | - Jae-Hoon Ji
- Genomic Instability Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine. 164, World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Korea.
| | - Kihoon Yoon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA.
| | - Jun Che
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA.
| | - Ja-Hwan Seol
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA.
| | - Sang Eun Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA.
| | - Eun Yong Shim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA.
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16
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Qiu R, Ma G, Li X, Shi Q, Li X, Zhou X, Tang Y, Xie Z, Liao S, Qin Y, Wang R, Ye Y, Luo J, Zhang J. Clinical case report of patients with osteosarcoma and anticancer benefit of calycosin against human osteosarcoma cells. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:10697-10706. [PMID: 30652346 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant neoplasia in bone, characterized with main occurrence in teenagers. Calycosin (CC), a bioactive compound, is found to play potent pharmacological effects against cancer. Our previous study indicates CC-exerted benefits for anti-OS effect. However, further molecular mechanism behind this action needs to be investigated. In this study, human OS samples and clinical data were collected and used for further test and analysis. In addition, human osteosarcoma cell line (143B) and tumor-xenograft nude mice were used to evaluate antineoplastic activities of CC through a series of biochemical methods and immunoassays, respectively. Compared with non-OS controls, human OS samples showed increased levels of neoplastic microRNA-223 (miR-223), and elevated expressions of NF-κBp65, IκBα proteins in tumor cells. In cell culture study, CC-treated 143B cells showed reduced cell growth, increased lactic dehydrogenase (LD) content, and downregulated cellular miR-223 level. Immunolabeled cells of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in CC treatments were decreased dose-dependently, while caspase-3 positive cells were elevated. Further, protein expressions of NF-κBp65, IκBα in CC-treated cells were downregulated. In addition, tumor-xenograft nude mice followed by CC treatments exhibited reductions of tumor mass, miR-223 levels, and Bcl-2, PARP-positive cells, as well as downregulations of NF-κBp65, IκBα protein expressions in OS samples. Taken together, these experimental findings reveal that CC exhibits potential pharmacological activities against OS through inducing apoptosis and inhibiting miR-223-IκBα signaling pathway in neoplastic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubiao Qiu
- Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P. R. China
| | - Gang Ma
- Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P. R. China
| | - Xueyu Li
- Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P. R. China
| | - Qunfeng Shi
- Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P. R. China
| | - Xinning Li
- Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P. R. China
| | - Xiong Zhou
- Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Tang
- Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P. R. China
| | - Zhaodi Xie
- Department of Cutaneous Surgery, Burns Centre PLA, Xijing Hospital Fourth Military Medical University, Xijing, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Shijie Liao
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Yiwu Qin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Ruyue Wang
- Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Yu Ye
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Jiefeng Luo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, P. R. China
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17
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Booth L, Roberts J, Poklepovic A, Dent P. The CHK1 inhibitor SRA737 synergizes with PARP1 inhibitors to kill carcinoma cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 19:786-796. [PMID: 30024813 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1472189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of PARP1 are approved therapeutic agents in ovarian carcinomas. We determined whether the novel clinically relevant CHK1 inhibitor SRA737 interacted with PARP1 inhibitors to kill carcinoma cells. In multiple mammary and ovarian cancer lines SRA737 synergized with the PARP1 inhibitors olaparib and niraparib to cause cell death. The [SRA737 + niraparib] drug combination activated an ATM-AMPK-ULK1-mTOR pathway which resulted in the formation of autophagosomes, temporally followed by autolysosome formation. Phosphorylation of ULK1 S317 was essential for kinase activation against ATG13. The drug combination elevated eIF2α phosphorylation which was causal at increasing Beclin1 and ATG5 expression, reducing MCL-1 and BCL-XL levels, and causing CD95 activation. Knock down of CD95, eIF2α, ATM, AMPKα, ULK1, Beclin1 or ATG5 reduced drug combination lethality. Blockade of either caspase 9 function or that of AIF each partially prevented cell death. Expression of activated mTOR or of c-FLIP-s or of BCL-XL reduced cell killing. In vivo, SRA737 and niraparib interacted in an additive fashion to suppress the growth of mammary tumors. Multiplex analyses revealed that drug combination treated tumors had reduced their plasma levels of sERBB1, sERBB2, sVEGFR1, sVEGFR2, sIL-6R, HGF, PDGFAB/BB and CXCL16 and enhanced the levels of CCL26, IL-8 and MIF. Surviving tumors had activated ERK1/2 and AKT. This finding argues that IL-8/ERK/AKT signaling may be an evolutionary survival response to [SRA737 + niraparib].
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Booth
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA
| | - Jane Roberts
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA
| | - Andrew Poklepovic
- b Department of Medicine , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA
| | - Paul Dent
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA
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18
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Kobayashi H, Kawahara N, Ogawa K, Yamada Y, Iwai K, Niiro E, Morioka S. Conceptual frameworks of synthetic lethality in clear cell carcinoma of the ovary. Biomed Rep 2018; 9:112-118. [PMID: 30013776 DOI: 10.3892/br.2018.1114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting non-oncogenes may result in the selective death of cancer cells. Clear cell carcinoma of the ovary (CCC) may exhibit resistance against conventional chemotherapy and is associated with poor prognosis. The aim of the present report was to review synthetic lethality-based therapies for CCC. Previous English-language studies were reviewed to accumulate preclinical and clinical data on targeting synthetic lethal partners. Synthetic lethal interactions have a variety of types, involving components of a backup or parallel pathway with overlapping functions, components encoded by paralogous pairs, subunit components that form heteromeric complexes and components that are arranged in a single linear pathway. A set of candidate gene targets potentially resulting in synthetic lethality have been previously identified. HNF class homeobox, AT-rich interaction domain 1A, ATR serine/threonine kinase, ATM serine/threonine kinase, checkpoint kinase 1 and phosphatase and tensin homolog may be the key partner genes. A variety of loss of function genes in CCC are driver or passenger events and may function as synthetic lethal pairs under replication stress conditions. Further clinical studies will be required to investigate the safety and therapeutic effect of synthetic lethality pairs in CCC tumor types with replication stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Naoki Kawahara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Kenji Ogawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Kana Iwai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Emiko Niiro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Sachiko Morioka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8522, Japan
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19
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Allison Stewart C, Tong P, Cardnell RJ, Sen T, Li L, Gay CM, Masrorpour F, Fan Y, Bara RO, Feng Y, Ru Y, Fujimoto J, Kundu ST, Post LE, Yu K, Shen Y, Glisson BS, Wistuba I, Heymach JV, Gibbons DL, Wang J, Byers LA. Dynamic variations in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), ATM, and SLFN11 govern response to PARP inhibitors and cisplatin in small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:28575-28587. [PMID: 28212573 PMCID: PMC5438673 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is one of the most aggressive forms of cancer, with a 5-year survival <7%. A major barrier to progress is the absence of predictive biomarkers for chemotherapy and novel targeted agents such as PARP inhibitors. Using a high-throughput, integrated proteomic, transcriptomic, and genomic analysis of SCLC patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) and profiled cell lines, we identified biomarkers of drug sensitivity and determined their prevalence in patient tumors. In contrast to breast and ovarian cancer, PARP inhibitor response was not associated with mutations in homologous recombination (HR) genes (e.g., BRCA1/2) or HRD scores. Instead, we found several proteomic markers that predicted PDX response, including high levels of SLFN11 and E-cadherin and low ATM. SLFN11 and E-cadherin were also significantly associated with in vitro sensitivity to cisplatin and topoisomerase1/2 inhibitors (all commonly used in SCLC). Treatment with cisplatin or PARP inhibitors downregulated SLFN11 and E-cadherin, possibly explaining the rapid development of therapeutic resistance in SCLC. Supporting their functional role, silencing SLFN11 reduced in vitro sensitivity and drug-induced DNA damage; whereas ATM knockdown or pharmacologic inhibition enhanced sensitivity. Notably, SCLC with mesenchymal phenotypes (i.e., loss of E-cadherin and high epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signature scores) displayed striking alterations in expression of miR200 family and key SCLC genes (e.g., NEUROD1, ASCL1, ALDH1A1, MYCL1). Thus, SLFN11, EMT, and ATM mediate therapeutic response in SCLC and warrant further clinical investigation as predictive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Allison Stewart
- Department of Thoracic Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pan Tong
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Robert J Cardnell
- Department of Thoracic Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Triparna Sen
- Department of Thoracic Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lerong Li
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Carl M Gay
- Department of Thoracic Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Fatemah Masrorpour
- Department of Thoracic Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - You Fan
- Department of Thoracic Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rasha O Bara
- Department of Thoracic Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ying Feng
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical, San Rafael, CA 94901, USA
| | - Yuanbin Ru
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical, San Rafael, CA 94901, USA
| | - Junya Fujimoto
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Samrat T Kundu
- Department of Thoracic Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Karen Yu
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical, San Rafael, CA 94901, USA
| | - Yuqiao Shen
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical, San Rafael, CA 94901, USA
| | - Bonnie S Glisson
- Department of Thoracic Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ignacio Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - John V Heymach
- Department of Thoracic Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Don L Gibbons
- Department of Thoracic Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lauren Averett Byers
- Department of Thoracic Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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20
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Anomalies de la réparation de l’ADN et cancers gynécologiques. Bull Cancer 2017; 104:971-980. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Thomas SN, Chen L, Liu Y, Höti N, Zhang H. Targeted Proteomic Analyses of Histone H4 Acetylation Changes Associated with Homologous-Recombination-Deficient High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinomas. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:3704-3710. [PMID: 28866885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 20% of high-grade serous ovarian cancers are homologous-recombination (HR)-deficient due to genetic and epigenetic mutations of HR pathway genes including the tumor suppressor genes BRCA1 and 2. HR deficiency (HRD) compromises cells' ability to efficiently repair DNA damage, but it also increases sensitivity to chemotherapeutic treatment strategies; however, not all ovarian cancer patients with HRD tumors exhibit positive responses to chemotherapy. Our previous iTRAQ-based comprehensive proteomic characterization of high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas found that lower levels of histone H4 acetylation at Lys12 and Lys16 (H4-K12acK16ac) were associated with HRD tumors compared with non-HRD tumors. In the current study, we developed and validated an H4-K12acK16ac parallel-reaction-monitoring (PRM)-targeted mass-spectrometry-based assay to analyze acetylation changes of histone H4 and to determine the association of these changes with total H4, histone acetyltransferase, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) levels. Whereas the levels of H4 and histone acetyltransferases were stable irrespective of HRD status, the levels of histone H4 acetylation and one HDAC, HDAC6, were elevated in the HRD tumors. Relative H4 acetylation levels were also analyzed by an antibody-based approach in additional ovarian tumors. It is possible that specific H4 acetylation at Lys12 and Lys16 associated with HRD could inform chemotherapeutic treatment modalities to improve ovarian cancer patients' treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefani N Thomas
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Chemistry Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Lijun Chen
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Chemistry Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Chemistry Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Naseruddin Höti
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Chemistry Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Chemistry Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
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PARP Inhibitors in Breast Cancer: Latest Evidence. CURRENT BREAST CANCER REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12609-017-0251-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Nickoloff JA, Jones D, Lee SH, Williamson EA, Hromas R. Drugging the Cancers Addicted to DNA Repair. J Natl Cancer Inst 2017; 109:3832892. [PMID: 28521333 PMCID: PMC5436301 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djx059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in DNA repair can result in oncogenic genomic instability. Cancers occurring from DNA repair defects were once thought to be limited to rare inherited mutations (such as BRCA1 or 2). It now appears that a clinically significant fraction of cancers have acquired DNA repair defects. DNA repair pathways operate in related networks, and cancers arising from loss of one DNA repair component typically become addicted to other repair pathways to survive and proliferate. Drug inhibition of the rescue repair pathway prevents the repair-deficient cancer cell from replicating, causing apoptosis (termed synthetic lethality). However, the selective pressure of inhibiting the rescue repair pathway can generate further mutations that confer resistance to the synthetic lethal drugs. Many such drugs currently in clinical use inhibit PARP1, a repair component to which cancers arising from inherited BRCA1 or 2 mutations become addicted. It is now clear that drugs inducing synthetic lethality may also be therapeutic in cancers with acquired DNA repair defects, which would markedly broaden their applicability beyond treatment of cancers with inherited DNA repair defects. Here we review how each DNA repair pathway can be attacked therapeutically and evaluate DNA repair components as potential drug targets to induce synthetic lethality. Clinical use of drugs targeting DNA repair will markedly increase when functional and genetic loss of repair components are consistently identified. In addition, future therapies will exploit artificial synthetic lethality, where complementary DNA repair pathways are targeted simultaneously in cancers without DNA repair defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jac A Nickoloff
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Dennie Jones
- Department of Medicine and the Cancer Center, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Suk-Hee Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Williamson
- Department of Medicine and the Cancer Center, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Robert Hromas
- Department of Medicine and the Cancer Center, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Paths from DNA damage and signaling to genome rearrangements via homologous recombination. Mutat Res 2017; 806:64-74. [PMID: 28779875 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage is a constant threat to genome integrity. DNA repair and damage signaling networks play a central role maintaining genome stability, suppressing tumorigenesis, and determining tumor response to common cancer chemotherapeutic agents and radiotherapy. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are critical lesions induced by ionizing radiation and when replication forks encounter damage. DSBs can result in mutations and large-scale genome rearrangements reflecting mis-repair by non-homologous end joining or homologous recombination. Ionizing radiation induces genetic change immediately, and it also triggers delayed events weeks or even years after exposure, long after the initial damage has been repaired or diluted through cell division. This review covers DNA damage signaling and repair pathways and cell fate following genotoxic insult, including immediate and delayed genome instability and cell survival/cell death pathways.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The proven activity of poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in BRCA-mutated homologous recombination deficient (HRD) ovarian cancer has led to the availability to patients with ovarian cancer of the first targeted therapy with an associated predictive biomarker. Our focus has recently turned towards expanding the clinical utility of PARP inhibitors beyond BRCA mutated ovarian cancer, and to a search for novel targets within DNA damage response (DDR). RECENT FINDINGS Early trials in unselected patients with ovarian cancer showed responses to PARP inhibition in BRCA-wildtype ovarian cancer, and recent genomic studies have demonstrated that germline or somatic aberrations in other homologous recombination genes are present in a significant proportion of ovarian cancers. In addition, PARP inhibition may be of value in molecularly defined subsets of endometrial or cervical cancers. Novel DDR inhibitors such as ATR, ATM, WEE1 or DNA-PK inhibitors are also being tested in patients. Finally, combinatorial strategies of DDR inhibitors with antiangiogenic agents, phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitors or immunotherapies may further increase therapeutic efficacy. SUMMARY In the future, patients with gynaecological malignancies may be rationally selected for PARP inhibition on the basis of comprehensive evaluation of homologous recombination genomic alterations, or HRD assays. Furthermore, novel DDR inhibitors have the potential to expand the repertoire of therapeutic options available to these patients.
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Seol JH, Shim EY, Lee SE. Microhomology-mediated end joining: Good, bad and ugly. Mutat Res 2017; 809:81-87. [PMID: 28754468 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are induced by a variety of genotoxic agents, including ionizing radiation and chemotherapy drugs for treating cancers. The elimination of DSBs proceeds via distinctive error-free and error-prone pathways. Repair by homologous recombination (HR) is largely error-free and mediated by RAD51/BRCA2 gene products. Classical non-homologous end joining (C-NHEJ) requires the Ku heterodimer and can efficiently rejoin breaks, with occasional loss or gain of DNA information. Recently, evidence has unveiled another DNA end-joining mechanism that is independent of recombination factors and Ku proteins, termed alternative non-homologous end joining (A-NHEJ). While A-NHEJ-mediated repair does not require homology, in a subtype of A-NHEJ, DSB breaks are sealed by microhomology (MH)-mediated base-pairing of DNA single strands, followed by nucleolytic trimming of DNA flaps, DNA gap filling, and DNA ligation, yielding products that are always associated with DNA deletion. This highly error-prone DSB repair pathway is termed microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ). Dissecting the mechanisms of MMEJ is of great interest because of its potential to destabilize the genome through gene deletions and chromosomal rearrangements in cells deficient in canonical repair pathways, including HR and C-NHEJ. In addition, evidence now suggests that MMEJ plays a physiological role in normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja-Hwan Seol
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, United States
| | - Eun Yong Shim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, United States
| | - Sang Eun Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, United States; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, United States.
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Trafalis DT, Polonifi A, Dalezis P, Nikoleousakos N, Katsamakas S, Sarli V. Targeting on poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity with DNA-damaging hybrid lactam-steroid alkylators in wild-type and BRCA1-mutated ovarian cancer cells. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 90:854-866. [PMID: 28432813 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated lactam-steroid alkylators (LSA) have been shown to exhibit superior activity at controlling cancer models and overlap drug resistance to conventional chemjournalapy. Hybrid LSA combine two active compounds in a single molecule and incorporate modified steroids bearing lactam moiety in one or more steroid rings functioning as vectors for cytotoxic agents. We first describe a novel class of LSA that generate excellent anticancer activity against UWB1.289 and UWB1.289 + BRCA1 human ovarian cancer cell lines. Both UWB1.289 and UWB1.289 + BRCA1 cells carry mutations in the tumor suppressor gene TP53 while UWB1.289 cell line carries a germline BRCA1 mutation. In vitro, in vivo, and in silico, experimental methods were utilized to determine the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) activity and mRNA transcription, DNA damage, cytostatic and cytotoxic effects, and virtual molecular interactions, in order to study the molecular mechanisms of activity of the tested LSA. LSA produce anticancer activity through dual action by combining the direct induction of cellular DNA damage with the inhibition of PARP activity and consecutive DNA repair activity. BRCA1-mutated UWB1.289 ovarian cancer cells with defective PARP-oriented repair mechanism show significantly higher sensitivity to these agents. Combined drug effect on DNA damage and repair is a novel approach in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios T Trafalis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Polonifi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panayiotis Dalezis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Nikoleousakos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotirios Katsamakas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Sarli
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Cree IA, Charlton P. Molecular chess? Hallmarks of anti-cancer drug resistance. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:10. [PMID: 28056859 PMCID: PMC5214767 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2999-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The development of resistance is a problem shared by both classical chemotherapy and targeted therapy. Patients may respond well at first, but relapse is inevitable for many cancer patients, despite many improvements in drugs and their use over the last 40 years. Review Resistance to anti-cancer drugs can be acquired by several mechanisms within neoplastic cells, defined as (1) alteration of drug targets, (2) expression of drug pumps, (3) expression of detoxification mechanisms, (4) reduced susceptibility to apoptosis, (5) increased ability to repair DNA damage, and (6) altered proliferation. It is clear, however, that changes in stroma and tumour microenvironment, and local immunity can also contribute to the development of resistance. Cancer cells can and do use several of these mechanisms at one time, and there is considerable heterogeneity between tumours, necessitating an individualised approach to cancer treatment. As tumours are heterogeneous, positive selection of a drug-resistant population could help drive resistance, although acquired resistance cannot simply be viewed as overgrowth of a resistant cancer cell population. The development of such resistance mechanisms can be predicted from pre-existing genomic and proteomic profiles, and there are increasingly sophisticated methods to measure and then tackle these mechanisms in patients. Conclusion The oncologist is now required to be at least one step ahead of the cancer, a process that can be likened to ‘molecular chess’. Thus, as well as an increasing role for predictive biomarkers to clinically stratify patients, it is becoming clear that personalised strategies are required to obtain best results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Cree
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK. .,Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK.
| | - Peter Charlton
- Imperial Innovations, 52 Princes Gate, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2PG, UK
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Tewari KS. Fifth annual workshop of cytoreductive surgery for advanced ovarian cancer and peritoneal surface malignancies. GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2016; 3:10. [PMID: 28685778 PMCID: PMC5078960 DOI: 10.1186/s40661-016-0031-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Fifth Annual Advanced Course in Cytoreductive Surgery for Ovarian Cancer and Peritoneal Surface Malignancies was held at and sponsored by the Division of Gynecologic Oncology at the the University of California, Irvine on Friday and Saturday, October 9-10, 2015. The workshop was comprised of didactic modules, historical treatise, an impassioned tribute, a cadaver laboratory, and heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy demonstration. This was a not-for-profit workshop, and registration fees were used to support course faculty travel to U.C. Irvine and to pay for the cadavers. The original 56 available spots were filled within three weeks of the initial announcement, prompting procurement of two additional cadavers to satisfy registration overflow and accommodate the six U.C. Irvine fellows-in-training. While international participation in the Workshops continues to rise, we have also noted more U.S.-trained Gynecologic Oncologists among the registrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnansu S. Tewari
- The Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, The City Tower, 333 City Blvd W., Orange, CA 92868 USA
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