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Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the main cause of arterial thrombosis, causing acute occlusive cardiovascular syndromes. Numerous risk prediction models have been developed, which mathematically combine multiple predictors, to estimate the risk of developing cardiovascular events. Current risk models typically do not include information from biomarkers that can potentially improve these existing prediction models especially if they are pathophysiologically relevant. Numerous cardiovascular disease biomarkers have been investigated that have focused on known pathophysiological pathways including those related to cardiac stress, inflammation, matrix remodelling, and endothelial dysfunction. Imaging biomarkers have also been studied that have yielded promising results with a potential higher degree of clinical applicability in detection of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular event prediction. To further improve therapy decision-making and guidance, there is continuing intense research on emerging biologically relevant biomarkers. As the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease is multifactorial, improvements in discrimination and reclassification in risk prediction models will likely involve multiple biomarkers. This article will provide an overview of the literature on potential blood-based and imaging biomarkers of atherosclerosis studied so far, as well as potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashan Ali
- From the Division of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Chim C Lang
- From the Division of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Jeffrey T J Huang
- Biomarker and Drug Analysis Core Facility, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Anna-Maria Choy
- From the Division of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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Besir Akpinar M. A Hidden Organism, Chlamydia in the Age of Atherosclerosis. Infect Dis (Lond) 2023. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.109745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease. It is still the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the world. Inflammation in the vessels plays the most important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Many studies have been emphasized that Chlamydia pneumoniae triggers inflammation in the vessels and associated with atherosclerosis. It is stated that most of the chlamydial infections are asymptomatic and around 40% of adult individuals are infected. Chlamydia has different subgroups. It was thought to be a virus due to its intracellular pathogenicity, but it was included in the bacteria genus because it contains DNA and RNA chromosomes and has enzymatic activity. Chlamidya can easily be transmitted through the respiratory tract and sexual transmission. Seroepidemiological and pathological studies of atherosclerotic plaques showed the presence of Chlamydia in the plaque. This section will provide relationship between Chlamydia and atherosclerosis on the recent researces and current information will be discussed.
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Jia X, Al Rifai M, Hussain A, Martin S, Agarwala A, Virani SS. Highlights from Studies in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Presented at the Digital 2020 European Society of Cardiology Congress: Prevention Is Alive and Well. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2020; 22:72. [PMID: 33009957 PMCID: PMC7532123 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-020-00895-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The review highlights selected studies related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention that were presented at the 2020 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Congress-The Digital Experience. RECENT FINDINGS The studies reviewed include clinical trials on novel RNA interference-based lipid-lowering therapies AKCEA-APOCIII-LRx and vupanorsen (AKCEA-ANGPTL3-LRx); the EVAPORATE trial assessing the effects of icosapent ethyl on coronary plaque volume progression; the LoDoCo2 trial evaluating the efficacy of low-dose colchicine in cardiovascular disease risk reduction among patients with chronic coronary artery disease; as well as the EMPEROR-Reduced trial evaluating cardiovascular and renal outcomes with empagliflozin in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. In addition, we review the BPLTTC analysis on blood pressure treatment across blood pressure levels and CVD status and discuss findings from the BRACE CORONA study that examined continuing versus suspending angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blockers in patients on these antihypertensive medications who were hospitalized with COVID-19 infection. The studies presented at the 2020 digital ESC Congress highlight the continuing advancements in the field of CVD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Jia
- Section of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Mahmoud Al Rifai
- Section of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Aliza Hussain
- Section of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Seth Martin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Anandita Agarwala
- Baylor Scott and White Health Heart Hospital Baylor Plano, Plano, TX USA
| | - Salim S. Virani
- Section of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
- Health Policy, Quality & Informatics Program, Health Services Research and Development Center for Innovations, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 2002 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030 USA
- Section of Cardiology, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX USA
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Discovery, synthesis and anti-atherosclerotic activities of a novel selective sphingomyelin synthase 2 inhibitor. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 163:864-882. [PMID: 30580239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The sphingomyelin synthase 2 (SMS2) is a potential target for pharmacological intervention in atherosclerosis. However, so far, few selective SMS2 inhibitors and their pharmacological activities were reported. In this study, a class of 2-benzyloxybenzamides were discovered as novel SMS2 inhibitors through scaffold hopping and structural optimization. Among them, Ly93 as one of the most potent inhibitors exhibited IC50 values of 91 nM and 133.9 μM against purified SMS2 and SMS1 respectively. The selectivity ratio of Ly93 was more than 1400-fold for purified SMS2 over SMS1. The in vitro studies indicated that Ly93 not only dose-dependently diminished apoB secretion from Huh7 cells, but also significantly reduced the SMS activity and increased cholesterol efflux from macrophages. Meanwhile, Ly93 inhibited the secretion of LPS-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine in macrophages. The pharmacokinetic profiles of Ly93 performed on C57BL/6J mice demonstrated that Ly93 was orally efficacious. As a potent selective SMS2 inhibitor, Ly93 significantly decreased the plasma SM levels of C57BL/6J mice. Furthermore, Ly93 was capable of dose-dependently attenuating the atherosclerotic lesions in the root and the entire aorta as well as macrophage content in lesions, in apolipoprotein E gene knockout mice treated with Ly93. In conclusion, we discovered a novel selective SMS2 inhibitor Ly93 and demonstrated its anti-atherosclerotic activities in vivo. The preliminary molecular mechanism-of-action studies revealed its function in lipid homeostasis and inflammation process, which indicated that the selective inhibition of SMS2 would be a promising treatment for atherosclerosis.
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Scicali R, Rosenbaum D, Di Pino A, Giral P, Cluzel P, Redheuil A, Piro S, Rabuazzo AM, Purrello F, Bruckert E, Gallo A. An increased waist-to-hip ratio is a key determinant of atherosclerotic burden in overweight subjects. Acta Diabetol 2018; 55:741-749. [PMID: 29680968 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-018-1144-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The association of overweight status and cardiovascular disease is not clear. In this study we aimed to investigate coronary atherosclerotic disease, evaluated as coronary artery calcium score (CACs), in overweight patients with or without abdominal obesity as defined by waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). METHODS We enrolled 276 patients aged between 40 and 70 years, with a body mass index of 25-29.9 kg/m2 and at least one cardiovascular risk factor. Exclusion criteria were history of diabetes, cardiovascular or renal disease. Patients were stratified in high WHR (H-WHR) or low WHR (L-WHR) group according to WHR (≥ 0.85 for women and ≥ 0.90 for men) and underwent multi-detector computed tomography for CACs. Mean carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and plaque presence were equally assessed. RESULTS CACs was higher in the H-WHR group compared to L-WHR (9.05 [0.0-83.48] vs 0.0 [0.0-64.7] AU, p < 0.01); the prevalence of CACs > 0 in the H-WHR group was significantly higher than subjects with L-WHR (59.6% vs 38.5%, p < 0.001). Moreover, H-WHR group had higher mean IMT (0.64 [0.56-0.72] vs 0.59 [0.55-0.67] mm, p < 0.05) and higher carotid plaque prevalence (63.7% vs 50.8%, p < 0.05) compared to subjects with L-WHR. Logistic regression showed that H-WHR was associated with presence of CACs and carotid plaque (p < 0.01). In a multiple linear regression, WHR was positively associated with CACs and IMT (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS H-WHR is a marker of coronary and peripheral atherosclerotic burden in overweight patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Scicali
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi Hospital, University of Catania, Via Palermo 636, 95122, Catania, Italy
| | - David Rosenbaum
- Cardiovascular Prevention Unit, of Metabolism and Endocrinology Service; Paris Hospital Public Assistance, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital Group - Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM 1146, - CNRS 7371, Laboratoire d'imagerie Biomédicale, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Antonino Di Pino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi Hospital, University of Catania, Via Palermo 636, 95122, Catania, Italy
| | - Philippe Giral
- Cardiovascular Prevention Unit, of Metabolism and Endocrinology Service; Paris Hospital Public Assistance, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital Group - Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France
- Dyslipoproteinemia and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, UMRS 939, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) and Pierre et Marie Curie University (UPMC - Paris VI), Paris, France
| | - Philippe Cluzel
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM 1146, - CNRS 7371, Laboratoire d'imagerie Biomédicale, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
- Département d'imagerie cardiovasculaire et de radiologie interventionnelle, Pôle Imagerie-Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alban Redheuil
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM 1146, - CNRS 7371, Laboratoire d'imagerie Biomédicale, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
- Département d'imagerie cardiovasculaire et de radiologie interventionnelle, Pôle Imagerie-Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Salvatore Piro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi Hospital, University of Catania, Via Palermo 636, 95122, Catania, Italy
| | - Agata Maria Rabuazzo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi Hospital, University of Catania, Via Palermo 636, 95122, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Purrello
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi Hospital, University of Catania, Via Palermo 636, 95122, Catania, Italy.
| | - Eric Bruckert
- Cardiovascular Prevention Unit, of Metabolism and Endocrinology Service; Paris Hospital Public Assistance, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital Group - Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France
- Dyslipoproteinemia and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, UMRS 939, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) and Pierre et Marie Curie University (UPMC - Paris VI), Paris, France
| | - Antonio Gallo
- Cardiovascular Prevention Unit, of Metabolism and Endocrinology Service; Paris Hospital Public Assistance, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital Group - Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM 1146, - CNRS 7371, Laboratoire d'imagerie Biomédicale, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
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Gupta A, Bhatnagar S. Vasoregression: A Shared Vascular Pathology Underlying Macrovascular And Microvascular Pathologies? OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2016; 19:733-53. [PMID: 26669709 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2015.0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vasoregression is a common phenomenon underlying physiological vessel development as well as pathological microvascular diseases leading to peripheral neuropathy, nephropathy, and vascular oculopathies. In this review, we describe the hallmarks and pathways of vasoregression. We argue here that there is a parallel between characteristic features of vasoregression in the ocular microvessels and atherosclerosis in the larger vessels. Shared molecular pathways and molecular effectors in the two conditions are outlined, thus highlighting the possible systemic causes of local vascular diseases. Our review gives us a system-wide insight into factors leading to multiple synchronous vascular diseases. Because shared molecular pathways might usefully address the diagnostic and therapeutic needs of multiple common complex diseases, the literature analysis presented here is of broad interest to readership in integrative biology, rational drug development and systems medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Gupta
- 1 Computational and Structural Biology Laboratory, Division of Biotechnology, Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology , Dwarka, New Delhi, India .,2 Department of Biotechnology, IMS Engineering College , Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sonika Bhatnagar
- 1 Computational and Structural Biology Laboratory, Division of Biotechnology, Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology , Dwarka, New Delhi, India
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Sha T, Qi C, Fu W, Hao JI, Gong L, Wu H, Zhang Q. Experimental study of USPIO-enhanced MRI in the detection of atherosclerotic plaque and the intervention of atorvastatin. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:141-146. [PMID: 27347029 PMCID: PMC4907054 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) can identify atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque and atorvastatin can stabilize vulnerable plaque by inhibiting the inflammatory response. Using balloon injury in rabbit abdominal aortic endothelial cells and p53 gene transfecting the local plaque, we established an atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque model. In the treatment group, animals were treated with atorvastatin for 8 weeks. At the end of week 16, the animals in each group underwent medication trigger. USPIO-enhanced MRI was utilized to detect vulnerable plaque formation and the transformation of stable plaque in the treatment group. Pathological and serological studies were conducted in animal sera and tissues. The images from the USPIO-enhanced MRI, and the vulnerable plaque showed low signal, especially on T2*-weighted sequences (T2*WI). Plaque signal strength reached a negative enhancement peak at 96 h. Compared with the other groups, lipids, cell adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 levels were significantly lower (P<0.05) in the treatment group. In conclusion, USPIO-enhanced MRI can identify vulnerable plaque formation by deposition in macrophages, while atorvastatin is able to inhibit the progression of atherosclerosis and promote plaque transformation to the stable form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Sha
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Chunmei Qi
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Fu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - J I Hao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Gong
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Qingdui Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
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Çelik A, Özçetin M, Ateş Ö, Altunkaş F, Karaman K, Akar İ, İnce İ, Yalçın M, Karayakalı M, Ceyhan K, Koç F. Analyses of C-Reactive Protein, Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase and Interleukin-6 Gene Polymorphisms in Adolescents with a Family History of Premature Coronary Artery Disease: A Pilot Study. Balkan Med J 2016; 32:397-402. [PMID: 26740900 DOI: 10.5152/balkanmedj.2015.151190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family history of premature atherosclerosis imposes a high risk to people. The relationship between atherosclerosis and gene polymorphisms of various biomarkers such as Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has shown in previous studies. AIMS The major aim of the study was to evaluate the CRP, eNOS, and IL-6 gene polymorphisms in a group of adolescents who have a parental history of early coronary artery disease (CAD). STUDY DESIGN Case-control study. METHODS Thirty-six volunteers with a father with obstructive CAD during the first four decades and 46 subjects with a father with normal coronary arteries documented with coronary angiography were included in the study. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism techniques were used to analyze CRP, eNOS, and IL-6 polymorphisms. RESULTS We did not find any differences between the two groups with regard to age, sex, body mass index, renal functions, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, lipid profile, and fasting glucose, hemoglobin, and high sensitivity CRP. A significant difference was only observed in IL-6-572 G/C genotype distribution and allele frequency between two groups (Pc=0.036 OR=3.48 CI (95%) 1.17-10.32). CONCLUSION The present study showed a significant association between the IL-6-572 G/C gene polymorphism (presence of C allele) and adolescents with a parental history of premature CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ataç Çelik
- Department of Cardiology, Gaziosmanpaşa University Faculty of Medicine, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Özçetin
- Department of Pediactics, Süleymaniye Obstetrics and Gynecology Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ömer Ateş
- Department of Medical Biology, Gaziosmanpaşa University Faculty of Medicine, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Fatih Altunkaş
- Department of Cardiology, Gaziosmanpaşa University Faculty of Medicine, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Kayıhan Karaman
- Department of Cardiology, Gaziosmanpaşa University Faculty of Medicine, Tokat, Turkey
| | - İlker Akar
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Gaziosmanpaşa University Faculty of Medicine, Tokat, Turkey
| | - İlker İnce
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Gaziosmanpaşa University Faculty of Medicine, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Murat Yalçın
- Department of Cardiology, GATA Haydarpaşa Military Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Metin Karayakalı
- Department of Cardiology, Gaziosmanpaşa University Faculty of Medicine, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Köksal Ceyhan
- Department of Cardiology, Gaziosmanpaşa University Faculty of Medicine, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Fatih Koç
- Department of Cardiology, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
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Modest correlation between serum neopterin levels and Gensini scores in a cohort of patients undergoing coronary angiography. Ir J Med Sci 2014; 183:297-301. [DOI: 10.1007/s11845-013-1009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kuo CH, Morohoshi K, Aye CC, Garoon RB, Collins A, Ono SJ. The role of TRB3 in mast cells sensitized with monomeric IgE. Exp Mol Pathol 2012; 93:408-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2012.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
Research on medicinal plants began to focus on discovery of natural products as potential active principles against various diseases. Medicinal plants are very interesting, have the ability to produce remarkable chemical structures with diverse biological activities. Biophytum sensitivum is used as traditional medicine to cure variety of diseases. During the last few decades, extensive research has been carried out to elucidate the chemistry, biological activities, and medicinal applications of B. sensitivum. Phytochemical analysis have shown that the plant parts are rich in various beneficial compounds which include amentoflavone, cupressuflavone, and isoorientin. Extracts and its bioactive compounds have been known to possess antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, radioprotective, chemoprotective, antimetastatic, antiangiogenesis, wound-healing, immunomodulation, anti-diabetic, and cardioprotective activity. The present review has been carried out to shed light on the diverse role of this plant in the management of various ailments facing us.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Sakthivel
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya University, Coimbatore, India
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Virani SS, Pompeii L, Lincoln AE, Dunn RE, Tucker AM, Nambi V, Nasir K, Vogel RA, Boone JL, Roberts AJ, Ballantyne CM. Association between traditional cholesterol parameters, lipoprotein particle concentration, novel biomarkers and carotid plaques in retired National Football League players. Atherosclerosis 2012; 222:551-6. [PMID: 22525822 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We assessed whether low-density lipoprotein particle concentration (LDL-P) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP] can identify subclinical atherosclerosis better than traditional cholesterol parameters in retired National Football League (NFL) players. BACKGROUND It is not known whether LDL-P and the biomarker hs-CRP can identify subclinical atherosclerosis better than low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) or non-high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) in retired NFL players, given high prevalence of metabolic syndrome in these players. METHODS Carotid artery plaque screening was performed with traditional lipids, LDL-P, and hs-CRP in 996 retired players. Logistic regression analyses comparing highest with the lowest quartile were performed. RESULTS Carotid artery plaques were seen in 41%. LDL-C (odds ratio [OR] 1.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06-2.59), non-HDL-C (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.04-2.67), and LDL-P (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.35-3.62) were associated with plaques in adjusted models. Among 187 retired players with metabolic syndrome, LDL-C (OR 1.40, 95% CI 0.53-3.72) was not associated with carotid plaques, whereas LDL-P (OR 3.71, 95% CI 1.16-11.84) and non-HDL-C (OR 2.63, 95% CI 0.91-7.63, p=0.07; borderline significant) were associated with carotid plaques. hs-CRP (OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.71-1.79) was not associated with carotid plaques. CONCLUSION Carotid artery plaques were common in retired NFL players and were strongly associated with LDL-P, especially among those with metabolic syndrome. hs-CRP was not associated with carotid plaques in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim S Virani
- Health Services Research and Development, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center Health Services Research and Development Center of Excellence, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Celik A, Ozcetin M, Celikyay ZRY, Sogut E, Yerli Y, Kadi H, Koc F, Damar IH, Ceyhan K, Erkorkmaz U. Evaluation of possible subclinical atherosclerosis in adolescents with a family history of premature atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2012; 222:537-40. [PMID: 22503547 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate possible subclinical atherosclerosis using biomarkers and ultrasound-guided methods in a group of adolescents having fathers with premature atherosclerosis. METHODS Thirty-three subjects whose fathers had a history of premature coronary artery disease and 30 counterparts whose fathers had no history of coronary artery disease were included in the study. RESULTS The homocysteine levels, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels, and cardiac chamber sizes and functions did not differ between the two groups. The carotid stiffness index β (CSI), the intima-media thickness (CIMT) and aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) values were higher in the group with a family history of coronary artery disease, but only the difference in the CSI was statistically significant (CSI 3.07±1.33 vs 3.88±1.25, P=0.015; CIMT 0.53±0.09 mm vs 0.57±0.08 mm, P=0.068; PWV 3.49±0.53 m/s vs 3.78±0.63 m/s, P=0.053). CONCLUSION Among several markers of subclinical atherosclerosis, the CSI was significantly higher in adolescents who had a family history of premature atherosclerosis. The small sample size, the multifactorial nature of atherosclerosis or the insufficient power of these methods may explain these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atac Celik
- Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Tokat, Turkey.
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Sodré FL, Paim BA, Urban A, Vercesi AE, Faria EC. Reduction in generation of reactive oxygen species and endothelial dysfunction during postprandial state. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2011; 21:800-807. [PMID: 20674308 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2010.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Revised: 12/29/2009] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS To characterise changes in generation of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in healthy males during the postprandial state, and to analyse the influence of the postprandial state on endothelial ROS generation and endothelial dysfunction. METHODS AND RESULTS Seventeen healthy subjects were recruited. Blood samples were collected in the fasting state and 2, 4, 6 and 8h after liquid-meal intake (composition: 25% fat, 55% dextromaltose and 14% protein), providing 40 gfat m(-2) body surface. Plasma lipids, apolipoproteins, glucose and insulin were measured during this period. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated by density-gradient centrifugation. The influence of postprandial state on intracellular ROS generation was measured by two different methods in PBMCs and in a human immortalised endothelial cell line (ECV 304). Artery flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) was used to evaluate the endothelial function, and oxygen consumption by PBMCs was measured. Reduced ROS generation was observed in all methods and cells during the postprandial period. FMD was impaired 8h after meal intake (23±6 vs. 13±2, P<0.05 vs. baseline). The consumption of oxygen was reduced in PBMCs (-14% into 2h, P<0.05 vs. baseline and -27% after 4h, P<0.01 vs. baseline). ROS generation was correlated with plasma lipids, insulin, apolipoproteins and oxygen consumption. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to the previously reported elevation of postprandial oxidative stress, this study shows reduced ROS generation in PBMCs and in ECV 304. Data obtained in both cellular models suggest the existence of a protective response against plasma postprandial oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Sodré
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Amemiya N, Ogawa T, Otsuka K, Ando Y, Nitta K. Comparison of serum albumin, serum C-reactive protein, and pulse wave velocity as predictors of the 4-year mortality of chronic hemodialysis patients. J Atheroscler Thromb 2011; 18:1071-9. [PMID: 21921415 DOI: 10.5551/jat.10397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Although serum albumin and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and pulse wave velocity (PWV) are known to be associated with the clinical outcome of hemodialysis (HD) patients, it is unknown which of these parameters are more predictive of the long-term mortality of such patients. METHODS We measured biochemical parameters, including serum albumin and CRP, and the PWV of 202 patients on maintenance HD therapy and followed their course for 4 years, and 186 of the patients were enrolled in the current study analyses. We divided the 186 patients into three tertiles according to their serum albumin and CRP levels and PWV values, and conducted multivariate analyses to examine the impact of the tertiles on 4-year mortality. RESULTS Twenty-three (12.4%) patients died during the follow-up period, and the serum albumin of the group that died was significantly lower than in the group that survived, but the CRP levels and PWV were significantly higher in the group that died. The results of Kaplan-Meier analyses revealed a significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality in HD patients with higher CRP based on the results of Cox proportional hazards analyses; however, the serum albumin and PWV values were not associated with all-cause mortality. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that serum CRP levels are a better mortality predictor than serum albumin or PWV values of chronic HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Amemiya
- Kidney Center, Department of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Henry-Okafor Q, Cowan PA, Wicks MN, Rice M, Husch DS, Khoo MSC. Effect of obesity on cardiovascular disease risk factors in African American women. Biol Res Nurs 2011; 14:171-9. [PMID: 21586497 DOI: 10.1177/1099800411405031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a growing health care concern with implications for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Obesity and CVD morbidity and mortality are highly prevalent among African American women. This pilot study examined the association between obesity and the traditional and emerging CVD risk factors in a sample of African American women. Participants comprised 48 women (27 obese, 21 normal weight) aged 18-45. with no known history of CVD. The women completed demographic and 7-day physical activity recall questionnaires. Height and weight were used to determine body mass index (BMI). Hypertension risk was assessed using the average of two resting blood pressure (BP) measurements. Lipid profile, blood glucose, fibrinogen, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), and E-selectin (eSel) levels were assessed using fasting blood samples. Laboratory findings were interpreted using the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III reference guidelines as well as manufacturers' reference ranges for the novel CVD risk factors. The most common traditional risk factors were physical inactivity (72.9%), positive family history of CVD (58.3%), and obesity (56.3%). Obese individuals had elevated systolic BP (p = .0002), diastolic BP (p = .0007) and HDL-cholesterol (p = .01), triglyceride (p = .02), hs-CRP (p = .002), and fibrinogen (p = .01), when compared with normal-weight women. The findings suggest an association between obesity and higher prevalence of both traditional and emerging CVD risk factors in young African American women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Queen Henry-Okafor
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Intimomedial thickness of the vertebral arteries complex: A new useful parameter for the assessment of atheroclerotic process? VOJNOSANIT PREGL 2011; 68:733-8. [DOI: 10.2298/vsp1109733j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacground/Aim. An integral part of Doppler ultrasound examination of cervical
blood vessels is determination of intimomedial thicknes (IMT) of the common
carotid. The aim of the study was to estimate the relations between IMT of
the common carotid and vertebral arteries in order to determine if the value
of IMT obtained on the vertebral artery could be applied in clinical
practice. Methods. We measured IMT in a randomized, prospective and
crosssectional study, performed on 50 persons both sexes (29 men and 21
women), at the age from 18 to 79 years (mean age 52.4 ? 17.63 years). All the
persons were healthy, what was confirmed with clinical examination and
laboratory analyses. Measurements were perfomed from January 2006 until
September 2008. Intimomedial thickness was recorded by twodimensional
ultrasonography in B-mode on both common carotid arteries: one value was
obtained as average of three successeful measurements (measurements were
perform on different places). We measured IMT on the first segment of both
vertebral arteries, 1.5 cm proximal from the connection of the first and
second segments (we got results of the measurement of IMT on the vertebral
arteries in the same way: mean value from the three records). Results. (IMT =
0.782 ? 0.248 mm), obtained from 50 healthy persons, was higher than that
measured on the vertabral artery on the first segment (IMT = 0.585 ? 0.134
mm). The values of IMT after measurement on two different places were
statistically highly different (t = 7.03, SD = 0.028, p < 0.01). Coefficient
of variability of IMT values in carotid circulation (CV = 34.4%) was higher
than that in vertebral circulation (22.9%). Values of IMT on vertebral
arteries were in statistically significant correlation with those in carotid
circulation (r = 0.24 and t- = 2.48; p < 0.02). There were no statistically
significant difference between IMT measurement on the right and the left side
so they were analysed as the same set Conclusion. Values of IMT on the
vertebral arteries are one more undependent parameter of doplersonographic
examination of cervical vessels, which significantly correlates with IMT
values on common carotid artery. Variability of this parameter is lower, and
absolute values lower than the same in the common carotid artery. Therefore,
this parameter is probably not so sensitive. On the other hand, lower
variability of IMT values on the vertebral artery might be of higher
specificity for prediction of atherosclerotic progress by the increased
values of this parameter than based on IMT values obtained on the common
carotid arteries.
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18
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Kones R. Rosuvastatin, inflammation, C-reactive protein, JUPITER, and primary prevention of cardiovascular disease--a perspective. Drug Des Devel Ther 2010; 4:383-413. [PMID: 21267417 PMCID: PMC3023269 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s10812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The major public health concern worldwide is coronary heart disease, with dyslipidemia as a major risk factor. Statin drugs are recommended by several guidelines for both primary and secondary prevention. Rosuvastatin has been widely accepted because of its efficacy, potency, and superior safety profile. Inflammation is involved in all phases of atherosclerosis, with the process beginning in early youth and advancing relentlessly for decades throughout life. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a well-studied, nonspecific marker of inflammation which may reflect general health risk. Considerable evidence suggests CRP is an independent predictor of future cardiovascular events, but direct involvement in atherosclerosis remains controversial. Rosuvastatin is a synthetic, hydrophilic statin with unique stereochemistry. A large proportion of patients achieve evidence-based lipid targets while using the drug, and it slows progression and induces regression of atherosclerotic coronary lesions. Rosuvastatin lowers CRP levels significantly. The Justification for Use of statins in Prevention: an Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin (JUPITER) trial was designed after the observation that when both low density lipoprotein and CRP were reduced, patients fared better than when only LDL was lowered. Advocates and critics alike acknowledge that the benefits of rosuvastatin in JUPITER were real. After a review, the US Food and Drug Administration extended the indications for rosuvastatin to include asymptomatic JUPITER-eligible individuals with one additional risk factor. The American Heart Association and Centers of Disease Control and Prevention had previously recognized the use of CRP in persons with "intermediate risk" as defined by global risk scores. The Canadian Cardiovascular Society guidelines went further and recommended use of statins in persons with low LDL and high CRP levels at intermediate risk. The JUPITER study focused attention on ostensibly healthy individuals with "normal" lipid profiles and high CRP values who benefited from statin therapy. The backdrop to JUPITER during this period was an increasing awareness of a rising cardiovascular risk burden and imperfect methods of risk evaluation, so that a significant number of individuals were being denied beneficial therapies. Other concerns have been a high level of residual risk in those who are treated, poor patient adherence, a need to follow guidelines more closely, a dual global epidemic of obesity and diabetes, and a progressively deteriorating level of physical activity in the population. Calls for new and more effective means of reducing risk for coronary heart disease are intensifying. In view of compelling evidence supporting earlier and aggressive therapy in people with high risk burdens, JUPITER simply offers another choice for stratification and earlier risk reduction in primary prevention patients. When indicated, and in individuals unwilling or unable to change their diet and lifestyles sufficiently, the benefits of statins greatly exceed the risks. Two side effects of interest are myotoxicity and an increase in the incidence of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Kones
- The Cardiometabolic Research, Institute, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
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19
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Cortivo R, Vindigni V, Iacobellis L, Abatangelo G, Pinton P, Zavan B. Nanoscale particle therapies for wounds and ulcers. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2010; 5:641-56. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.10.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
‘Small is beautiful’ – this should be the slogan of nanoscientists. Indeed, working with particles less than 100 nm in size, nanotechnology is on the verge of providing a host of new materials and approaches, revolutionizing applied medicine. The obvious potential of nanotechnology has attracted considerable investment from governments and industry hoping to drive its economic development. Several areas of medical care already benefit from the advantages that nanotechnology provides and its application in wound healing will be reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Cortivo
- Department of Histology, Microbiology & Biomedical Technologies, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Vindigni
- Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Unit, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Iacobellis
- Department of Histology, Microbiology & Biomedical Technologies, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Abatangelo
- Department of Histology, Microbiology & Biomedical Technologies, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Experimental & Diagnostic Medicine, General Pathology Section, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI) & Emilia Romagna Laboratory BioPharmaNet, University of Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
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20
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Martins RA, Neves AP, Coelho-Silva MJ, Veríssimo MT, Teixeira AM. The effect of aerobic versus strength-based training on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in older adults. Eur J Appl Physiol 2010; 110:161-9. [PMID: 20437055 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-010-1488-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Increased levels of inflammatory markers, namely, high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), have been associated with several chronic diseases including atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Forty-five women and men aged >64 years participated in the study and were randomly assigned to two exercise intervention groups and a non-exercising control group. The participants assigned to the exercising groups followed a 16-week exercise protocol based either on aerobic training (AT) or strength training (ST) followed by a further 16 weeks off-training period. The control group (C) remained sedentary throughout the study. Evaluation of body mass, BMI, waist circumference, aerobic endurance, lower-body strength, upper-body strength, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and hs-CRP were performed at baseline, after 16 weeks (post-training for the exercise groups) and at 32 weeks (follow-up). Both, AT and ST groups significantly increased functional fitness at the end of the exercise programs when compared to baseline values. hs-CRP concentrations were maintained throughout the study for the C group, while decreasing 10% at 16 weeks and 51% at 32 weeks for the AT group. In the ST group the hs-CRP concentrations decreased by 11 and 39% at 16 and 32 weeks, respectively. Decreases in hs-CRP concentrations were statistically significant for the AT and ST groups at the 32-week evaluation when compared to baseline. Reduction in hs-CRP concentrations seemed to be associated with strength gains and adiposity loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul A Martins
- Research Centre for Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Washida N, Wakino S, Hayashi K, Kuwahara T, Itoh H. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity predicts silent cerebrovascular diseases in patients with end-stage renal diseases. J Atheroscler Thromb 2010; 17:165-72. [PMID: 20124736 DOI: 10.5551/jat.2097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is a major determinant of the prognosis in end-stage renal diseases (ESRD). The purpose of this study was to examine whether factors associated with arterial stiffness contributed to the development of CVD in patients with ESRD. METHODS CVD (lacunes and carotid/intracranial artery stenosis) was evaluated with brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and carotid/intracranial artery magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in 44 pre-dialytic patients. The severity of CVD was evaluated by the number of lacunes and the degree of stenosis, respectively. The association between CVD and atherosclerotic parameters was evaluated. RESULTS Patients with severe lacunes (n=18) manifested older age, lower diastolic blood pressure, serum creatinine and albumin, and higher CRP and serum calcium than those with absent-moderate lacunes (n=26). When assessed by multivariate analysis, only baPWV was adopted as an independent risk factor for severe lacunes. Furthermore, baPWV and i-PTH were associated with the severity of carotid/intracranial artery stenosis, both of which were independent of other risk factors, including age and diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Arterial stiffness may constitute a novel determinant predicting the severity of CVD in pre-dialytic patients besides classical risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Washida
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
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22
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Biomarkers of premature atherosclerosis. Trends Mol Med 2009; 15:323-32. [PMID: 19577961 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2009.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2008] [Revised: 05/07/2009] [Accepted: 06/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase protein and a biochemical marker with important prognostic value for cardiovascular events. Interleukins IL-1 and IL-6 are implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and are associated with CRP. Apolipoproteins ApoA-I and ApoB are the main lipid metabolic markers implicated in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Fibrinogen has also been proposed to be a major independent risk factor for cardiovascular events. Because premature atherosclerosis precedes the development of cardiovascular disease, identification of the associated biomarkers is of great importance. However, further studies will be needed to determine whether or not these markers are useful predictors of future cardiovascular events. Here, we review the roles of specific biomarkers that have been implicated in premature atherosclerosis.
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Adolphe A, Cook LS, Huang X. A cross-sectional study of intima-media thickness, ethnicity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular risk in 2268 study participants. Mayo Clin Proc 2009; 84:221-8. [PMID: 19252108 PMCID: PMC2664597 DOI: 10.1016/s0025-6196(11)61138-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the association between intima-media thickness (IMT) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and to examine if the addition of IMT to a traditional MetS definition adds value to the assessment of predicted cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in a large multiethnic population. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, carotid IMT was measured in 2268 men and women as part of a wellness physical examination between August 1, 2000, and October 1, 2001. The wellness examination included a fasting lipid panel, physical examination, and medical history. Mean IMT was described by sex, ethnicity, and the MetS. Predicted risk for CVD was determined with IMT as a component of the diagnostic criteria for MetS. RESULTS Intima-media thickness increased with each additional component of the MetS, increasing from 0.516 mm for 0 components to 0.688 mm for 4 or more components (P<.001). In each ethnic group (non-Hispanic whites, blacks, Hispanics, and Asians), those with the MetS had higher mean IMT (increased by 0.084 mm to 0.134 mm) than those without MetS. The addition of IMT as a "new" component in the diagnosis of MetS allowed us to identify 78 (3.4%) participants who were not previously diagnosed as having MetS but who had a high 10-year estimated risk of MetS as measured by the Framingham risk score (11.67%). CONCLUSION The addition of IMT to the traditional criteria for the diagnosis of the MetS may help identify individuals who otherwise would not have been identified to be at high risk of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Adolphe
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, 7801 Academy Rd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87109, USA.
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Adolphe A, Cook LS, Huang X. A cross-sectional study of intima-media thickness, ethnicity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular risk in 2268 study participants. Mayo Clin Proc 2009; 84:221-8. [PMID: 19252108 PMCID: PMC2664597 DOI: 10.4065/84.3.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the association between intima-media thickness (IMT) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and to examine if the addition of IMT to a traditional MetS definition adds value to the assessment of predicted cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in a large multiethnic population. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, carotid IMT was measured in 2268 men and women as part of a wellness physical examination between August 1, 2000, and October 1, 2001. The wellness examination included a fasting lipid panel, physical examination, and medical history. Mean IMT was described by sex, ethnicity, and the MetS. Predicted risk for CVD was determined with IMT as a component of the diagnostic criteria for MetS. RESULTS Intima-media thickness increased with each additional component of the MetS, increasing from 0.516 mm for 0 components to 0.688 mm for 4 or more components (P<.001). In each ethnic group (non-Hispanic whites, blacks, Hispanics, and Asians), those with the MetS had higher mean IMT (increased by 0.084 mm to 0.134 mm) than those without MetS. The addition of IMT as a "new" component in the diagnosis of MetS allowed us to identify 78 (3.4%) participants who were not previously diagnosed as having MetS but who had a high 10-year estimated risk of MetS as measured by the Framingham risk score (11.67%). CONCLUSION The addition of IMT to the traditional criteria for the diagnosis of the MetS may help identify individuals who otherwise would not have been identified to be at high risk of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Adolphe
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, 7801 Academy Rd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87109, USA.
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25
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Wongcharoen W, Phrommintikul A. The protective role of curcumin in cardiovascular diseases. Int J Cardiol 2009; 133:145-51. [PMID: 19233493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2009.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2008] [Revised: 12/26/2008] [Accepted: 01/26/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is a polyphenol responsible for the yellow color of the curry spice turmeric. It has been used in a variety of diseases in traditional medicine. Modern scientific research has demonstrated its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-carcinogenic, anti-thrombotic, and cardiovascular protective effects. In this review, we focused mainly on the effects of curcumin on the cardiovascular system. The antioxidant effects of curcumin have been shown to attenuate adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity and may prevent diabetic cardiovascular complications. The anti-thrombotic, anti-proliferative, and anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin and the effect of curcumin in decreasing the serum cholesterol level may protect against the pathological changes occurring with atherosclerosis. The p300-HAT inhibitory effects of curcumin have been demonstrated to ameliorate the development of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure in animal models. The inflammatory effects of curcumin may have the possibility of preventing atrial arrhythmias and the possible effect of curcumin for correcting the Ca(2+) homeostasis may play a role in the prevention of some ventricular arrhythmias. The preclinical studies from animal to clinical data in human are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwarang Wongcharoen
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Brown TM, Bittner V. Biomarkers of atherosclerosis: Clinical applications. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-009-0005-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Current cardiovascular risk prediction models incorporate traditional risk factors to estimate 10-year cardiovascular risk. Numerous blood-based biomarkers have been identified that are associated with increased cardiovascular risk after adjusting for traditional risk factors. Many of these biomarkers, alone or in combination, have been incorporated into risk prediction models to determine whether their addition increases the model's predictive ability. We review the recently published literature on blood-based biomarkers and examine whether incorporating these markers may improve clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd M. Brown
- Health Services Research Training Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Vera Bittner
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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