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Khazaei M, Khazaei F, Niromand E, Ghanbari E. Tissue engineering approaches and generation of insulin-producing cells to treat type 1 diabetes. J Drug Target 2023; 31:14-31. [PMID: 35896313 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2022.2107653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) has become a new effective solution to a variety of medical problems, including diabetes. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which have the ability to differentiate into endodermal and mesodermal cells, appear to be appropriate for this function. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the outcomes of various researches on the insulin-producing cells (IPCs) generation from MSCs with TE approaches to increase efficacy of type 1 diabetes treatments. The search was performed in PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Embase databases until 2021. Studies revealed that MSCs could also differentiate into IPCs under certain conditions. Therefore, a wide range of protocols have been used for this differentiation, but their effectiveness is very different. Scaffolds can provide a microenvironment that enhances the MSCs to IPCs differentiation, improves their metabolic activity and up-regulate pancreatic-specific transcription factors. They also preserve IPCs architecture and enhance insulin production as well as protect against cell death. This systematic review offers a framework for prospective research based on data. In vitro and in vivo evidence suggests that scaffold-based TE can improve the viability and function of IPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozafar Khazaei
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khazaei
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Elham Niromand
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Elham Ghanbari
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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2
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ANGPTL8 in cardio-metabolic diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 519:260-266. [PMID: 34023284 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia has been identified as an important factor in obesity, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), grouped as cardio-metabolic disorder diseases. Accordingly, dyslipidemia has become a major determinant in health worldwide. Both genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and research studies have focused on the elucidation of potential genetic mechanisms of dyslipidemia and the identification of new gene loci which contribute to the development of cardio-metabolic disorder diseases. Recent results indicate that both the ANGPTL8 gene and ANGPTL8 protein perform vital roles in modulating serum glucose and lipid metabolism. In this review, we examine the modulatory effects of ANGPTL8 and explore the potential mechanisms whereby ANGPTL8 affects serum glucose and lipid metabolism in cardio-metabolic disorder diseases.
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Su X, Zhang G, Cheng Y, Wang B. New insights into ANGPTL8 in modulating the development of cardio-metabolic disorder diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:3761-3771. [PMID: 33864591 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06335-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is being identified as the most important factors of several health problems, such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which are always grouped together as cardio-metabolic disorder diseases. Consistently, dyslipidemia has become one of the most rising crisis of general health. Recently, it is worth noting that both genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and experimental research are being taken advantage to elucidate the potential genetic mechanisms of dyslipidemia and to identify new gene loci which contribute to the development of cardio-metabolic disorder diseases. According to the results, both ANGPTL8 gene and ANGPTL8 protein has been shown to embrace vital functions in modulating serum glucose and lipid metabolism. In the current review, the modulatory effects of ANGPTL8 in cardio-metabolic disorder diseases were summarized. In addition, novel insights which elucidate the potential mechanisms whereby ANGPTL8 affects glucose and lipid metabolism were also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- Department of Cardiology, The Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, No. 2999 Jinshan Road, Xiamen, 361000, Fujian, China
| | - Guoming Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, No. 2999 Jinshan Road, Xiamen, 361000, Fujian, China
| | - Ye Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, No. 2999 Jinshan Road, Xiamen, 361000, Fujian, China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, No. 2999 Jinshan Road, Xiamen, 361000, Fujian, China.
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Efficiency of Stem Cell (SC) Differentiation into Insulin-Producing Cells for Treating Diabetes: a Systematic Review. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:6652915. [PMID: 33727934 PMCID: PMC7935591 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6652915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the recent years, the use of stem cells has provided a new opportunity to treat various disorders including diabetes. Stem cells are unspecialized cells with a capacity for self-renewal and differentiation into more specialized cell types. Many factors contribute to the differentiation of SCs and thus play an important role in regulating the fate of stem cells. Accordingly, a wide range of protocols has been used to differentiate SCs to insulin-producing cells but the effectiveness of SC differentiation varies. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the results obtained from different studies on SC differentiation for higher efficacy to treat diabetes. This search was done in PubMed, Web of Science (WOS), and Scopus using keywords “insulin-producing cell (IPC),” “pancreatic B cell,” “insulin-secreting cell,” “stem cell,” “progenitor cells,” “mother cell,” and “colony-forming unit.” Among more than 3646 papers, 32 studies were considered eligible for more evaluations. The obtained results indicated that most of the studies were performed on the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from different tissues as compared with other types of SCs. Different evaluations of in vitro studies as well as animal models supported their role in the recovery of diabetes. In the present review, we summarize and discuss recent advances in increasing the efficiency of SC differentiation using different materials, but despite the promising results of this systematic review, further studies are needed to assess the efficiency and safety of transplantation of these cells in diabetes recovery.
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Xu B, Fan D, Zhao Y, Li J, Wang Z, Wang J, Wang X, Guan Z, Niu B. Three-Dimensional Culture Promotes the Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Mesenchymal Stem Cells Into Insulin-Producing Cells for Improving the Diabetes Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1576. [PMID: 32038250 PMCID: PMC6993085 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diabetes is a metabolic disease with a high incidence and serious harm to human health. Islet β-cell function defects can occur in the late stage of type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Studies have shown that stem cell is a promising new approach in bioengineering regenerative medicine. In the study of stem cell differentiation, three-dimensional (3D) cell culture is more capable of mimicking the microenvironment of cell growth in vivo than two-dimensional (2D) cell culture. The natural contact between cells and cells, and cells and extracellular matrix can regulate the development process and promote the formation of the artificial regenerative organs and organization. Type IV, VI collagen and laminin are the most abundant extracellular matrix components in islets. Matrigel, a basement membrane matrix biomaterial rich in laminin and collagen IV. Materials and Methods We used Matrigel biomaterial to physically embed human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) to provide vector and 3D culture conditions for cells, and we explored and compared the preparation methods and preliminary mechanisms of differentiation of hDPSCs into insulin-producing cells (IPCs) under 2D or 3D culture conditions.We first designed and screened the strategy by mimicking the critical events of pancreatogenesis in vivo, and succeeded in establishing a new method for obtaining IPCs from hDPSCs. Activin A, Noggin, and small molecule compounds were used to synergistically induce hDPSCs to differentiate into definitive endoderm-like cells, pancreatic progenitor like cells and IPCs step by step under 2D culture conditions. Then, we used Matrigel to simulate the microenvironment in vivo, induced hDPSCs to differentiate into IPCs in Matrigel, evaluated and compared the efficiency between 2D and 3D culture conditions. Results The results showed that the synergistic combination of growth factors and small molecule compounds and 3D culture promoted the differentiation of hDPSCs into IPCs, significantly enhancing the release of insulin and C-peptide from IPCs. Discussion Significant support is provided for obtaining a large number of functional IPCs for disease modeling and final cell therapy in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Xu
- Department of Translational Medicine, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Knee Surgery Department of the Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Daoyang Fan
- Knee Surgery Department of the Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yunshan Zhao
- Institute of General Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhendong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Translational Medicine, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuwei Wang
- Department of Translational Medicine, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Guan
- Department of Translational Medicine, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Niu
- Department of Translational Medicine, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Anamizu M, Tabata Y. Design of injectable hydrogels of gelatin and alginate with ferric ions for cell transplantation. Acta Biomater 2019; 100:184-190. [PMID: 31589929 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to design bioabsorbable injectable hydrogels based on the physico-chemical interaction between biocompatible polymers and ferric ions, and evaluate the survival, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of cells encapsulated in the hydrogels. The injectable hydrogels were prepared by simply mixing mixed alginate/gelatin solution at various ratios and FeCl3 solution. The hydrogels prepared disappeared within a few days in the phosphate buffered-saline solution (PBS) with containing collagenase although the disappearance rate increased with an increase of the gelatin ratio in the hydrogel. For the hydrogel of alginate/gelatin low ratio, the survival and proliferation of cells in the hydrogel-encapsulated condition were significantly high compared with those of hydrogel at the higher ratios. The cells collected 3 days after cultured in the hydrogel also proliferated to a significantly higher extent than those collected from other hydrogels. The proliferation ability of cells was similar that of cells cultured on the standard tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) dish. When evaluated to compare with cells cultured on the TCPS dish, the expression of runt-related transcription factor-2 (RUNX2) gene, the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and the calcium precipitation were significantly high. The cells were encapsulated by the mixed alginate/gelatin and FeCl3 hydrogel and injected in the back subcutis of mice, the percentage of cells retained in the injected site was higher than that of cells injected in the PBS suspension. It is concluded that the injectable hydrogel prepared by simple mixing mixed alginate/gelatin solution and FeCl3 solution is a promising material for the cell transplantation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Injectable hydrogels prepared by simple mixing mixed alginate/gelatin solution at various ratios and FeCl3 solution. For the hydrogel of alginate/gelatin low ratio, the survival, the proliferation, and the differentiate properties of cells in the hydrogel-encapsulated condition were similar those of cells cultured on the TCPS dish. When the cells encapsulated hydrogels were injected in the back subcutis of mice, the percentage of cells retained in the injected site was higher than that of cells injected in the PBS suspension. It is concluded that the present injectable hydrogel is a promising material for the cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Anamizu
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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Koga T, Shiraki N, Yano S, Suico MA, Morino-Koga S, Sato T, Shuto T, Kume S, Kai H. Mild electrical stimulation with heat shock guides differentiation of embryonic stem cells into Pdx1-expressing cells within the definitive endoderm. BMC Biotechnol 2017; 17:14. [PMID: 28202025 PMCID: PMC5312430 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-017-0331-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Because of the increasing number of diabetic patients, it is important to generate pancreatic and duodenal homeobox gene 1 (Pdx1)-expressing cells, which are capable of differentiating into pancreatic endocrine β cells. Mild electrical stimulation was reported to modulate the differentiation of ES cells into ectoderm-derived neuronal cells or mesoderm-derived cardiac cells. Results In this study, we report that mild electrical stimulation with heat shock (MET) potentiates the differentiation of ES cells into definitive endoderm-derived Pdx1-expressing cells. MET has no effect when applied to early definitive endoderm on differentiation day 5. A 1.87-fold increase in the proportion of Pdx1-expressing cells was observed when stimulation was applied to the late definitive endoderm one day prior to the immergence of Pdx1/GFP-expressing cells on differentiation day 7. Pdx1 mRNA was also up-regulated by MET. The potentiating effect of MET synergized with activin and basic fibroblast growth factor into Pdx1-expressing cells. Moreover, MET stimulation on late definitive endoderm up-regulated heat shock protein 72 and activated various kinases including Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38, and c-jun NH2-terminal kinase in ES cells. Conclusions Our findings indicate that MET induces the differentiation of Pdx1-expressing cells within the definitive endoderm in a time-dependent manner, and suggest useful application for regenerative medicine. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12896-017-0331-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Koga
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan.,Present address: Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Shiraki
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics (IMEG), Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan.,Present address: Department of Biological Information, School and Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Yano
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Mary Ann Suico
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Saori Morino-Koga
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Takashi Sato
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Shuto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Shoen Kume
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics (IMEG), Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan. .,Present address: Department of Biological Information, School and Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Kai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan.
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Nugroho WS, Kusindarta DL, Susetya H, Fitriana I, Mulyani GT, Fibrianto YH, Haryanto A, Budipitojo T. The structural and functional recovery of pancreatic β-cells in type 1 diabetes mellitus induced mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium. Vet World 2016; 9:535-9. [PMID: 27284233 PMCID: PMC4893728 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.535-539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Various studies have shown that secreted factors alone in culture medium without stem cell are capable of repairing tissues by itself in various conditions involving damaged tissue/organ. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the role of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived conditioned medium (CM) on the recovery of pancreatic β-cells in Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) with type 1 diabetes mellitus. MATERIALS AND METHODS The 0.05 ml CM induction was applied to the diabetic group of rats in weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4. 1 week after each CM induction, insulin concentration was analyzed using ELISA. The pancreas was divided into 3 regions, processed by paraffin method, stained with hematoxylin-eosin, and immunohistochemical method for insulin. RESULTS This study indicated the decrease in the total number of islets and insulin concentration after the injection of single dose of alloxan. The exocrine acini were also damaged. Microscopic observation detected the presence of small islets in the diabetic group 1 week after the first 0.05 ml CM induction. The number and size of the islets increased in line with the CM doses and time of inductions. Immunohistochemically, the presence of low intensity of insulin-positive cells could be recognized at the splenic and duodenal regions of the pancreas, but not gastric region, 1 week after the first and second 0.05 ml CM induction. The intensity of staining and the number of insulin-positive cells increased dramatically in 1 week after the third and fourth 0.05 ml of CM induction in all regions of the pancreas. The data of insulin blood concentration showed clear differences between the second and the fourth induction of 0.05 ml CM induction. CONCLUSIONS This study showed very strong evidence on the role of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived CM in recovering the pancreatic β-cells damage in Wistar rats (R. norvegicus) with type 1 diabetes mellitus, structurally and functionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Widagdo Sri Nugroho
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Liliek Kusindarta
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Heru Susetya
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ida Fitriana
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Guntari Titik Mulyani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yuda Heru Fibrianto
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Aris Haryanto
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Teguh Budipitojo
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Chuck NC, Azzabi Zouraq F, Rottmar M, Eberli D, Boss A. MR Imaging Relaxometry Allows Noninvasive Characterization of in Vivo Differentiation of Muscle Precursor Cells. Radiology 2015; 274:800-9. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.14140483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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10
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Templeton AK, Miyamoto S, Babu A, Munshi A, Ramesh R. Cancer stem cells: progress and challenges in lung cancer. Stem Cell Investig 2014; 1:9. [PMID: 27358855 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2306-9759.2014.03.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The identification of a subpopulation of tumor cells with stem cell-like characteristics first in hematological malignancies and later in solid tumors has emerged into a novel field of cancer research. It has been proposed that this aberrant population of cells now called "cancer stem cells" (CSCs) drives tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, recurrence, and drug resistance. CSCs have been shown to have the capacity of self-renewal and multipotency. Adopting strategies from the field of stem cell research has aided in identification, localization, and targeting of CSCs in many tumors. Despite the huge progress in other solid tumors such as brain, breast, and colon cancers no substantial advancements have been made in lung cancer. This is most likely due to the current rudimentary understanding of lung stem cell hierarchy and heterogeneous nature of lung disease. In this review, we will discuss the most recent findings related to identification of normal lung stem cells and CSCs, pathways involved in regulating the development of CSCs, and the importance of the stem cell niche in development and maintenance of CSCs. Additionally, we will examine the development and feasibility of novel CSC-targeted therapeutic strategies aimed at eradicating lung CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Templeton
- 1 Department of Pathology, 2 Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, 4 Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Shinya Miyamoto
- 1 Department of Pathology, 2 Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, 4 Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Anish Babu
- 1 Department of Pathology, 2 Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, 4 Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Anupama Munshi
- 1 Department of Pathology, 2 Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, 4 Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Rajagopal Ramesh
- 1 Department of Pathology, 2 Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, 4 Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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11
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Alismail H, Jin S. Microenvironmental stimuli for proliferation of functional islet β-cells. Cell Biosci 2014; 4:12. [PMID: 24594290 PMCID: PMC3974598 DOI: 10.1186/2045-3701-4-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is characterized by high blood glucose level due to either autoimmune destruction of islet β-cells or insufficient insulin secretion or glucose non-responsive production of insulin by β-cells. It is highly desired to replace biological functional β-cells for the treatment of diabetes. Unfortunately, β-cells proliferate with an extremely low rate. This cellular property hinders cell-based therapy for clinical application. Many attempts have been made to develop techniques that allow production of large quantities of clinically relevant islet β-cells in vitro. A line of studies evidently demonstrate that β-cells can proliferate under certain circumstances, giving the hopes for generating and expanding these cells in vitro and transplanting them to the recipient. In this review, we discuss the requirements of microenvironmental stimuli that stimulate β-cell proliferation in cell cultures. We highlight advanced approaches for augmentation of β-cell expansion that have recently emerged in this field. Furthermore, knowing the signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms would enable manipulating cell proliferation and optimizing its insulin secretory function. Thus, signaling pathways involved in the enhancement of cell proliferation are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sha Jin
- Department of Bioengineering, Thomas J, Watson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State University of New York in Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA.
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12
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Shi Q, Luo S, Jia H, Feng L, Lu X, Zhou L, Cai J. Insulin-producing cells could not mimic the physiological regulation of insulin secretion performed by pancreatic beta cells. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2013; 8:90. [PMID: 23421382 PMCID: PMC3585706 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-8-90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the difference between insulin-producing cells (IPCs) and normal human pancreatic beta cells both in physiological function and morphological features in cellular level. METHODS The levels of insulin secretion were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The insulin gene expression was determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The morphological features were detected by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and laser confocal scanning microscopy. RESULTS IPCs and normal human pancreatic beta cells were similar to each other under the observation in AFM with the porous structure features in the cytoplasm. Both number of membrane particle size and average roughness of normal human beta cells were higher than those of IPCs. CONCLUSIONS Our results firstly revealed that the cellular ultrastructure of IPCs was closer to that of normal human pancreatic beta cells, but they still could not mimic the physiological regulation of insulin secretion performed by pancreatic beta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiping Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Simin Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Haiying Jia
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lie Feng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaohua Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lixin Zhou
- Institute for Nano-Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jiye Cai
- Institute for Nano-Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Lu J, Luo H, Wu H, Lan MS, Tan J, Lu D. Recombinant MafA protein containing its own protein transduction domain stimulates insulin gene expression in IEC-6 cells. Life Sci 2011; 89:72-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2011.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14
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Jones MB, Chu CH, Pendleton JC, Betenbaugh MJ, Shiloach J, Baljinnyam B, Rubin JS, Shamblott MJ. Proliferation and pluripotency of human embryonic stem cells maintained on type I collagen. Stem Cells Dev 2010; 19:1923-35. [PMID: 20367282 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2009.0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) require a balance of growth factors and signaling molecules to proliferate and retain pluripotency. Conditioned medium (CM) from a human embryonic germ-cell-derived cell culture, SDEC, was observed to support the growth of hESC on type I collagen (COL I) and on Matrigel (MAT) biomatricies. After 1 month, the population doubling of hESC grown in SDEC CM on COL I was equivalent to that of hESC grown in mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) CM on MAT. hESC grown in SDEC CM on COL I expressed OCT4, NANOG, SSEA-4, alkaline phosphatase (AP), and TRA-1-60; retained a normal karyotype; and were capable of forming teratomas. DNA microarray analysis was used to compare the transcriptional profiles of SDEC and the less supportive WI38 and Detroit 551 human cell lines. The mRNA level of secreted frizzled-related protein (sFRP-1), a known antagonist of the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway, was significantly reduced in SDEC as compared with the other 2 cell lines, whereas the mRNA levels of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2 or COX-2) and prostaglandin I₂ synthase (PGIS), two prostaglandin biosynthesis genes, were significantly increased in SDEC. The level of sFRP-1 protein was significantly reduced, and levels of 2 prostaglandins that are downstream products of PTGS2 and PGIS, prostaglandin E₂ and 6-keto-prostaglandin F(1α), were significantly elevated in SDEC CM compared with WI38, Detroit 551, and MEF CM. Further, addition of purified sFRP-1 to SDEC CM reduced the proliferation of hESC grown on COL I as well as MAT in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith B Jones
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Chen X, Larson CS, West J, Zhang X, Kaufman DB. In vivo detection of extrapancreatic insulin gene expression in diabetic mice by bioluminescence imaging. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9397. [PMID: 20195523 PMCID: PMC2827564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2009] [Accepted: 01/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extrapancreatic tissues such as liver may serve as potential sources of tissue for generating insulin-producing cells. The dynamics of insulin gene promoter activity in extrapancreatic tissues may be monitored in vivo by bioluminescence-imaging (BLI) of transgenic mice Tg(RIP-luc) expressing the firefly luciferase (luc) under a rat-insulin gene promoter (RIP). METHODS The Tg(RIP-luc) mice were made diabetic by a single injection of the pancreatic beta-cell toxin streptozotocin. Control mice were treated with saline. Mice were subject to serum glucose measurement and bioluminescence imaging daily. On day eight of the treatment, mice were sacrificed and tissues harvested for quantitative luciferase activity measurement, luciferase protein cellular localization, and insulin gene expression analysis. RESULTS Streptozotocin-induced diabetic Tg(RIP-luc) mice demonstrated a dramatic decline in the BLI signal intensity in the pancreas and a concomitant progressive increase in the signal intensity in the liver. An average of 5.7 fold increase in the liver signal intensity was detected in the mice that were exposed to hyperglycemia for 8 days. Ex vivo quantitative assays demonstrated a 34-fold induction of the enzyme activity in the liver of streptozotocin-treated mice compared to that of the buffer-treated controls. Luciferase-positive cells with oval-cell-like morphology were detected by immunohistochemistry in the liver samples of diabetic mice, but not in that of non-treated control transgenic mice. Gene expression analyses of liver RNA confirmed an elevated expression of insulin genes in the liver tissue exposed to hyperglycemia. CONCLUSIONS BLI is a sensitive method for monitoring insulin gene expression in extrapancreatic tissues in vivo. The BLI system may be used for in vivo screening of biological events or pharmacologic activators that have the potential of stimulating the generation of extrapancreatic insulin-producing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Chen
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
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Successes and disappointments with clinical islet transplantation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 654:749-69. [PMID: 20217523 DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-3271-3_33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of pancreatic islets is considered a therapeutic option for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus who have life-threatening hypoglycaemic episodes. After the procedure, a decrease in the frequency and severity of hypoglycaemic episodes and sustained graft function as indicated by detectable levels of C-peptide can be seen in the majority of patients. However, true insulin independence, if achieved, usually lasts for at most a few years. Apart from the low insulin independence rates, reasons for concern regarding this procedure are the side effects of the immunosuppressive therapy, allo-immunization, and the high costs. Moreover, whether islet transplantation prevents the progression of diabetic micro- and macrovascular complications is largely unknown. Areas of current research include the development of less toxic immunosuppressive regimens, the control of the inflammatory reaction immediately after transplantation, the identification of the optimal anatomical site for islet infusion, and the possibility to encapsulate transplanted islets to protect them from the allo-immune response. At present, pancreatic islet transplantation is still an experimental procedure, which is only indicated for a highly selected group of type 1 diabetic patients with life-threatening hypoglycaemic episodes.
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Abstract
Many cell populations, derived from both adult tissues and embryonic stem cells, show promise for the treatment of a variety of diseases. Although the major effort in stem cell therapies in the past has been identifying potentially therapeutic cells, it is now clear that developing systems to deliver these cells and promote their efficient engraftment will provide an equally challenging task. More sophisticated pretransplantation manipulations and material carriers may dramatically improve the survival, engraftment, and fate control of transplanted stem cells and their ultimate clinical utility.
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