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Fine H, Bonthu A, Kogan M. Integrative Geriatric Oncology: A Review of Current Practices. Curr Oncol Rep 2024:10.1007/s11912-024-01575-w. [PMID: 39042197 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-024-01575-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article aims to offer a comprehensive review of optimal integrative medicine practices for geriatric oncology patients. Given the aging population and the global rise in cancer incidence, it is crucial to identify evidence-based modalities and employ an integrated approach to enhance cancer outcomes and quality of life in older adults. RECENT FINDINGS It has been predicted that 20.5% (6.9 million) of new cancer cases in 2050 will occur in adults over 80 years old.1 The increasing focus on lifestyle factors in healthy aging has shed light on various overlooked areas of significance. Notably, anti-inflammatory diets and the promotion of a healthy gut microbiome have demonstrated significant impacts on overall health outcomes, bolstering the body's innate capacity to combat disease. This review delves into further evidence and extrapolation concerning integrative approaches and their influence on cancer outcomes and older adults quality of life. The complexity and unique nature of cancer in older adults requires a wide range of support from medical providers. Incorporating various integrative techniques as part of cancer treatment and side effect support can improve health outcomes and patient's quality of life. Familiarity with the lifestyle interventions and other topics explored in this review equips healthcare providers to offer tailored and holistic care to geriatric patients navigating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Fine
- GW Center for Integrative Medicine, GW University, Washington, D.C, USA
| | - Amrita Bonthu
- Georgetown University Masters in Integrative Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D.C, USA
| | - Mikhail Kogan
- GW Center for Integrative Medicine, GW University, Washington, D.C, USA.
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2
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Qian F, Li Q, Chang H, Wei K, Chen X, Huang T, Li Y. Identification of DNA methylation characteristics associated with metastasis and prognosis in colorectal cancer. BMC Med Genomics 2024; 17:127. [PMID: 38730335 PMCID: PMC11088068 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-024-01898-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is prone to metastasis and recurrence after surgery, which is one of the main causes for its poor treatment and prognosis. Therefore, it is essential to identify biomarkers associated with metastasis and recurrence in CRC. DNA methylation has a regulatory role in cancer metastasis, tumor immune microenvironment (TME), and prognosis and may be one of the most valuable biomarkers for predicting CRC metastasis and prognosis. We constructed a diagnostic model and nomogram that can effectively predict CRC metastasis based on the differential methylation CpG sites (DMCs) between metastatic and non-metastatic CRC patients. Then, we identified 17 DMCs associated with progression free survival (PFS) of CRC and constructed a prognostic model. The prognosis model based on 17 DMCs can predict the PFS of CRC with medium to high accuracy. The results of immunohistochemical analysis indicated that the protein expression levels of the genes involved in prognostic DMCs were different between normal and colorectal cancer tissues. According to the results of immune-related analysis, we found that the low-risk patients had better immunotherapy response. In addition, high risk scores were negatively correlated with high tumor mutation burden (TMB) levels, and patients with low TMB levels in the high-risk group had the worst PFS. Our work shows the clinical value of DNA methylation in predicting CRC metastasis and PFS, as well as their correlation with TME, immunotherapy, and TMB, which helps understand the changes of DNA methylation in CRC metastasis and improving the treatment and prognosis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Qian
- Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Guoke Ningbo Life Science and Health Industry Research Institute, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Huidan Chang
- Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Kai Wei
- Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- Guoke Ningbo Life Science and Health Industry Research Institute, Ningbo, 315000, China.
| | - Tao Huang
- Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Yixue Li
- Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China.
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Roshandel G, Ghasemi-Kebria F, Malekzadeh R. Colorectal Cancer: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Prevention. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1530. [PMID: 38672612 PMCID: PMC11049480 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second most common cause of cancer mortality worldwide. There are disparities in the epidemiology of CRC across different populations, most probably due to differences in exposure to lifestyle and environmental factors related to CRC. Prevention is the most effective method for controlling CRC. Primary prevention includes determining and avoiding modifiable risk factors (e.g., alcohol consumption, smoking, and dietary factors) as well as increasing protective factors (e.g., physical activity, aspirin). Further studies, especially randomized, controlled trials, are needed to clarify the association between CRC incidence and exposure to different risk factors or protective factors. Detection and removal of precancerous colorectal lesions is also an effective strategy for controlling CRC. Multiple factors, both at the individual and community levels (e.g., patient preferences, availability of screening modalities, costs, benefits, and adverse events), should be taken into account in designing and implementing CRC screening programs. Health policymakers should consider the best decision in identifying the starting age and selection of the most effective screening strategies for the target population. This review aims to present updated evidence on the epidemiology, risk factors, and prevention of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Roshandel
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan 49178-67439, Iran; (G.R.); (F.G.-K.)
| | - Fatemeh Ghasemi-Kebria
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan 49178-67439, Iran; (G.R.); (F.G.-K.)
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14117-13135, Iran
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Wu H, Ma W, Wang Y, Wang Y, Sun X, Zheng Q. Gut microbiome-metabolites axis: A friend or foe to colorectal cancer progression. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116410. [PMID: 38460373 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
An expanding corpus of research robustly substantiates the complex interrelation between gut microbiota and the onset, progression, and metastasis of colorectal cancer. Investigations in both animal models and human subjects have consistently underscored the role of gut bacteria in a variety of metabolic activities, driven by dietary intake. These activities include amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate fermentation, and the generation and regulation of bile acids. These metabolic derivatives, in turn, have been identified as significant contributors to the progression of colorectal cancer. This thorough review meticulously explores the dynamic interaction between gut bacteria and metabolites derived from the breakdown of amino acids, fatty acid metabolism, and bile acid synthesis. Notably, bile acids have been recognized for their potential carcinogenic properties, which may expedite tumor development. Extensive research has revealed a reciprocal influence of gut microbiota on the intricate spectrum of colorectal cancer pathologies. Furthermore, strategies to modulate gut microbiota, such as dietary modifications or probiotic supplementation, may offer promising avenues for both the prevention and adjunctive treatment of colorectal cancer. Nevertheless, additional research is imperative to corroborate these findings and enhance our comprehension of the underlying mechanisms in colorectal cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine College, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Wenmeng Ma
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine College, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Yiyao Wang
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine College, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of anesthesiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Xun Sun
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine College, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Qianqian Zheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medicine College, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
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5
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Matin S, Joukar F, Maroufizadeh S, Asgharnezhad M, Karimian P, Mansour-Ghanaei F. The frequency of colorectal lesions in the first-degree relatives of patients with colorectal lesions among PERSIAN Guilan Cohort Study population (PGCS). BMC Gastroenterol 2024; 24:88. [PMID: 38408909 PMCID: PMC10898130 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-024-03177-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the frequency of colorectal lesions in the first-degree relatives of patients with colorectal lesions among the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in Iran (PERSIAN )Guilan Cohort Study (PGCS) population. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 162 first-degree relatives with a history of colorectal lesions were randomly selected from 52 participants in PGCS. All subjects underwent total colonoscopy by a gastroenterologist, and a pathologist evaluated colorectal biopsies. Also, individuals' demographic information, clinical data, and dietary habits were recorded. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 56.55 ± 7.04. Of 86 colon polyps, 52 neoplastic and 34 non-neoplastic polyps were observed in 56 patients (34.6%). Individuals with age > 60 years had 3.29-fold increased odds of developing colorectal polyps (OR = 3.29, 95% CI: 1.13-9.56, P = 0.029). The smokers were 2.73 times more susceptible to developing colorectal polyps than non-smokers (OR = 2.73, 95% CI: 1.24-6.02, P = 0.013). Moreover, consumption of vegetables more than three times per day was associated with decreased OR of colorectal polyp development (OR = 0.43, CI: 0.19-0.98, P = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS Considering the high prevalence of neoplastic colorectal polyps among the first-degree relatives of patients with colorectal lesions, early screening is recommended for individuals with a family history of colorectal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaieh Matin
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Joukar
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Razi Hospital, Sardar-Jangle Ave, 41448-95655, Rasht, Iran
| | - Saman Maroufizadeh
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Asgharnezhad
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Razi Hospital, Sardar-Jangle Ave, 41448-95655, Rasht, Iran
| | - Paridokht Karimian
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Razi Hospital, Sardar-Jangle Ave, 41448-95655, Rasht, Iran.
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De Matteis C, Crudele L, Gadaleta RM, Di Buduo E, Novielli F, Petruzzelli S, Cariello M, Moschetta A. Low Adherence to Mediterranean Diet Characterizes Metabolic Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancer. Nutrients 2024; 16:630. [PMID: 38474758 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background. Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are one of the most relevant causes of death globally, frequently associated with poor dietary patterns. The Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) contributes to cancer prevention. To assess adherence to MedDiet, our research group validated a new score, the Chrono Med Diet Score (CMDS), that captures increased visceral adiposity. Methods. We enrolled 401 subjects who underwent an evaluation for metabolic diseases and specific screening procedures according to current guidelines and were asked to answer CMDS. A total of 71 new cancer cases were recorded, including 40 GI and 31 non-gastrointestinal (NON-GI) cancers. Results. We found that CMDS was reduced in subjects who were diagnosed with cancers. Patients who reported a CMDS score of 12 or less had an over three times increased risk of being diagnosed with GI cancers and presented increased waist circumference and triglycerides and reduced HDL cholesterol compared to adherent subjects. Conclusions. Low CMDS values capture the risk for cancer diagnosis, especially for GI cancers. Thus, CMDS, along with waist circumference, can be considered as a bona fide marker for increased risk of cancer, requiring anticipated screening procedures for the detection of premalignant and early stage GI cancers in patients with low adherence to MedDiet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo De Matteis
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Lucilla Crudele
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Ersilia Di Buduo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Fabio Novielli
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Stefano Petruzzelli
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Marica Cariello
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Moschetta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
- INBB National Institute for Biostructure and Biosystems, Viale delle Medaglie d'Oro 305, 00136 Rome, Italy
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7
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Bull C, Hazelwood E, Bell JA, Tan V, Constantinescu AE, Borges C, Legge D, Burrows K, Huyghe JR, Brenner H, Castellvi-Bel S, Chan AT, Kweon SS, Le Marchand L, Li L, Cheng I, Pai RK, Figueiredo JC, Murphy N, Gunter MJ, Timpson NJ, Vincent EE. Identifying metabolic features of colorectal cancer liability using Mendelian randomization. eLife 2023; 12:RP87894. [PMID: 38127078 PMCID: PMC10735227 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recognizing the early signs of cancer risk is vital for informing prevention, early detection, and survival. Methods To investigate whether changes in circulating metabolites characterize the early stages of colorectal cancer (CRC) development, we examined the associations between a genetic risk score (GRS) associated with CRC liability (72 single-nucleotide polymorphisms) and 231 circulating metabolites measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (N = 6221). Linear regression models were applied to examine the associations between genetic liability to CRC and circulating metabolites measured in the same individuals at age 8 y, 16 y, 18 y, and 25 y. Results The GRS for CRC was associated with up to 28% of the circulating metabolites at FDR-P < 0.05 across all time points, particularly with higher fatty acids and very-low- and low-density lipoprotein subclass lipids. Two-sample reverse Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses investigating CRC liability (52,775 cases, 45,940 controls) and metabolites measured in a random subset of UK Biobank participants (N = 118,466, median age 58 y) revealed broadly consistent effect estimates with the GRS analysis. In conventional (forward) MR analyses, genetically predicted polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations were most strongly associated with higher CRC risk. Conclusions These analyses suggest that higher genetic liability to CRC can cause early alterations in systemic metabolism and suggest that fatty acids may play an important role in CRC development. Funding This work was supported by the Elizabeth Blackwell Institute for Health Research, University of Bristol, the Wellcome Trust, the Medical Research Council, Diabetes UK, the University of Bristol NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, and Cancer Research UK. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. This work used the computational facilities of the Advanced Computing Research Centre, University of Bristol - http://www.bristol.ac.uk/acrc/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bull
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Emma Hazelwood
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Joshua A Bell
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Vanessa Tan
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Andrei-Emil Constantinescu
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Carolina Borges
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Danny Legge
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Kimberley Burrows
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Jeroen R Huyghe
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT)HeidelbergGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Sergi Castellvi-Bel
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MITCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard UniversityBostonUnited States
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard UniversityBostonUnited States
| | - Sun-Seog Kweon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical SchoolGwangjuRepublic of Korea
- Jeonnam Regional Cancer Center, Chonnam National University Hwasun HospitalHwasunRepublic of Korea
| | | | - Li Li
- Department of Family Medicine, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Iona Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- University of California, San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Rish K Pai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo ClinicScottsdaleUnited States
| | - Jane C Figueiredo
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Neil Murphy
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Emma E Vincent
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
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John Kenneth M, Tsai HC, Fang CY, Hussain B, Chiu YC, Hsu BM. Diet-mediated gut microbial community modulation and signature metabolites as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis, prevention and stage-specific treatment of colorectal cancer. J Adv Res 2023; 52:45-57. [PMID: 36596411 PMCID: PMC10555786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the last decade, studies have shown an increased incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC), particularly early onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC). Researchers have demonstrated that dietary behavior, especially among young adults, influences alterations in the gut microbial community, leading to an increased accumulation of pathogenic gut microbiota and a decrease in beneficial ones. Unfortunately, CRC is likely to be diagnosed at a late stage, increasing CRC-related mortality. However, this alteration in the gut microbiota (gut dysbiosis) can be harnessed as a biomarker for non-invasive diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, and treatment of CRC in an effort to prevent late diagnosis and poor prognosis associated with CRC. AIM OF REVIEW This review discusses identification of potential biomarkers by targeting diet-mediated gut dysbiosis for the stage-specific diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and prevention of CRC. Our findings provide a comprehensive insight into the potential of protumorigenic bacteria (e.g.pathogenic Escherichia coli,enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis and Fusobacterium nucleatum) and their metabolites (e.g., colibactin and B. fragilis toxin) from gut dysbiosis as biomarkers for the diagnosis of CRC. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Collectively, a detailed understanding of the available data from current studies suggests that, further research on quantification of metabolites and stage-specific pathogenic microbial abundance is required for the diagnosis and treatment of CRC based on microbial dysbiosis. Specifically, future studies on faecal samples, from patient with CRC, should be conducted for F. nucleatum among different opportunistic bacteria, given its repeated occurrence in faecal samples and CRC biopsies in numerous studies. Finally, we discuss the potential of faecal microbial transplantation (FMT) as an intervention to restore damaged gut microbiota during CRC treatment and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutebi John Kenneth
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan; Doctoral Program in Science, Technology, Environment and Mathematics, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi County, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chi Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Tzu-Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Yin Fang
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Bashir Hussain
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chou Chiu
- General Surgery, Surgical Department, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Mu Hsu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan.
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Hajipour A, Ardekanizadeh NH, Roumi Z, Shekari S, Aminnezhad Kavkani B, Shalmani SHM, Bahar B, Tajadod S, Ajami M, Tabesh GA, Gholamalizadeh M, Doaei S. The effect of FTO gene rs9939609 polymorphism on the association between colorectal cancer and different types of dietary fat intake: a case-control study. J Physiol Anthropol 2023; 42:17. [PMID: 37543622 PMCID: PMC10404375 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-023-00333-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers in the world. Some dietary factors such as fat intake have been identified as the risk factors for CRC. This study aimed to investigate the effect of fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene rs9939609 polymorphism on the association between CRC and different types of dietary fats. METHODS This case-control study was performed on 135 CRC cases and 294 healthy controls in Tehran, Iran. Data on demographic factors, anthropometric measurements, physical activity, the intake of different types of dietary fats, and FTO gene rs9939609 polymorphism was collected from all participants. The association between cancer and dietary fat intake in individuals with different FTO genotypes was assessed using different models of logistic regression. RESULTS Oleic acid intake was higher in the case group compared to the control group in both people with TT (7.2±3.46 vs. 5.83±3.06 g/d, P=0.02) and AA/AT genotypes (8.7±6.23 vs. 5.57 ±3.2 g/d, P<0.001). Among carriers of AA/AT genotypes of FTO rs9939609 polymorphism, a positive association was found between CRC and higher intakes of oleic acid (OR=1.12, CI95% 1.03-1.21, P=0.01) and cholesterol (OR=1.01, CI95% 1.00-1.02; P=0.01) after adjusting for age, sex, physical activity, alcohol use, smoking, calorie intake, and body mass index. CONCLUSION Higher intakes of cholesterol and oleic acid were associated with a higher risk of CRC in FTO-risk allele carriers. The association of CRC and dietary fat may be influenced by the FTO genotype. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Hajipour
- School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Roumi
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Shekari
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Bojlul Bahar
- Nutrition Sciences and Applied Food Safety Studies, Research Centre for Global Development, School of Sport & Health Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Shirin Tajadod
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Ajami
- Department of Food and Nutrition Policy and Planning National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghasem Azizi Tabesh
- Genomic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Gholamalizadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeid Doaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Cai JA, Zhang YZ, Yu ED, Ding WQ, Jiang QW, Cai QC, Zhong L. Gut Microbiota Enterotypes Mediate the Effects of Dietary Patterns on Colorectal Neoplasm Risk in a Chinese Population. Nutrients 2023; 15:2940. [PMID: 37447266 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) risk is influenced by dietary patterns and gut microbiota enterotypes. However, the interaction between these factors remains unclear. This study examines this relationship, hypothesizing that different diets may affect colorectal tumor risk in individuals with varied gut microbiota enterotypes. We conducted a case-control study involving 410 Han Chinese individuals, using exploratory structural equation modeling to identify two dietary patterns, and a Dirichlet multinomial mixture model to classify 250 colorectal neoplasm cases into three gut microbiota enterotypes. We assessed the association between dietary patterns and the risk of each tumor subtype using logistic regression analysis. We found that a healthy diet, rich in vegetables, fruits, milk, and yogurt, lowers CRC risk, particularly in individuals with type I (dominated by Bacteroides and Lachnoclostridium) and type II (dominated by Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium) gut microbiota enterotypes, with adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of 0.66 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.48-0.89) and 0.42 (95% CI = 0.29-0.62), respectively. Fruit consumption was the main contributor to this protective effect. No association was found between a healthy dietary pattern and colorectal adenoma risk or between a high-fat diet and colorectal neoplasm risk. Different CRC subtypes associated with gut microbiota enterotypes displayed unique microbial compositions and functions. Our study suggests that specific gut microbiota enterotypes can modulate the effects of diet on CRC risk, offering new perspectives on the relationship between diet, gut microbiota, and colorectal neoplasm risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-An Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yong-Zhen Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, 928 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Force, Haikou 570100, China
| | - En-Da Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei-Qun Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Qing-Wu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Quan-Cai Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Liang Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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11
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Cao Q, Shan H, Zhao J, Deng J, Xu M, Kang H, Li T, Zhao Y, Liu H, Jiang J. Liver fibrosis in fish research: From an immunological perspective. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 139:108885. [PMID: 37290612 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a pathological process whereby the liver is subjected to various acute and chronic injuries, resulting in the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), an imbalance of extracellular matrix generation and degradation, and deposition in the liver. This review article summarizes the current understanding of liver fibrosis in fish research. Liver fibrosis is a common pathological condition that occurs in fish raised in aquaculture. It is often associated with poor water quality, stressful conditions, and the presence of pathogens. The review describes the pathophysiology of liver fibrosis in fish, including the roles of various cells and molecules involved in the development and progression of the disease. The review also covers the various methods used to diagnose and assess the severity of liver fibrosis in fish, including histological analysis, biochemical markers, and imaging techniques. In addition, the article discusses the current treatment options for liver fibrosis in fish, including dietary interventions, pharmaceuticals, and probiotics. This review highlights the need for more in-depth research in this area to better understand the mechanisms by which liver fibrosis in fish occurs and to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies. Finally, improved management practices and the development of new treatments will be critical to the sustainability of aquaculture and the health of farmed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanquan Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hongying Shan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ju Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jinhe Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Man Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hao Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Tong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Jun Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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12
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Yu D, Lu Z, Wang R, Xiang Y, Li H, Lu J, Zhang L, Chen H, Li W, Luan X, Chen L. FXR agonists for colorectal and liver cancers, as a stand-alone or in combination therapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 212:115570. [PMID: 37119860 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Farnesoid X receptor (FXR, NR1H4) is generally considered as a tumor suppressor of colorectal and liver cancers. The interaction between FXR, bile acids (BAs) and gut microbiota is closely associated with an increased risk of colorectal and liver cancers. Increasing evidence shows that FXR agonists may be potential therapeutic agents for colorectal and liver cancers. However, FXR agonists alone do not produce the desired results due to the complicated pathogenesis and single therapeutic mechanism, which suggests that effective treatments will require a multimodal approach. Based on the principle of improvingefficacy andreducingside effects, combination therapy is currently receiving considerable attention. In this review, colorectal and liver cancers are grouped together to discuss the effects of FXR agonists alone or in combination for combating the two cancers. We hope that this review will provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of novel FXR agonists or combination with FXR agonists against colorectal and liver cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danmei Yu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhou Lu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ruyu Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yusen Xiang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hongtao Li
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jiani Lu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hongzhuan Chen
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Weihua Li
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xin Luan
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Lili Chen
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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13
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Song D, Wang X, Ma Y, Liu NN, Wang H. Beneficial insights into postbiotics against colorectal cancer. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1111872. [PMID: 36969804 PMCID: PMC10036377 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1111872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent and life-threatening cancer types with limited therapeutic options worldwide. Gut microbiota has been recognized as the pivotal determinant in maintaining gastrointestinal (GI) tract homeostasis, while dysbiosis of gut microbiota contributes to CRC development. Recently, the beneficial role of postbiotics, a new concept in describing microorganism derived substances, in CRC has been uncovered by various studies. However, a comprehensive characterization of the molecular identity, mechanism of action, or routes of administration of postbiotics, particularly their role in CRC, is still lacking. In this review, we outline the current state of research toward the beneficial effects of gut microbiota derived postbiotics against CRC, which will represent the key elements of future precision-medicine approaches in the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting gut microbiota to improve treatment outcomes in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ning-Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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14
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Fu H, He J, Li C, Deng Z, Chang H. Folate intake and risk of colorectal cancer: a systematic review and up-to-date meta-analysis of prospective studies. Eur J Cancer Prev 2023; 32:103-112. [PMID: 35579178 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Colorectal cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed and deadly cancers worldwide. Epidemiological studies on the relationship between folate intake and the risk of colorectal cancer have reported inconsistent findings since folate fortification in the USA. For this situation, we conducted a large number of data analyses to study the relationship between folate intake and colorectal cancer risk. METHODS PubMed and EMBASE databases were used to search the literature systematically. Eligible studies were reviewed and meta-analyzed to assess the relationship. RESULTS A total of 24 cohort studies involving 37 280 patients and 6 165 894 individuals were included. The results showed that high folate intake was associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer. The combined relative risk (RR) for the highest intake compared with the lowest was 0.88 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.83-0.92, P = 10 -4 ). Further studies indicated that the increase of folate intake may decrease the risk of colorectal cancer in people with medium or high alcohol consumption (RR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.96-0.99, P = 0.008; RR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92-0.98, P = 0.003), but not in non-drinkers (RR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.98-1.02, P = 0.827). Next, high folate intake may decrease the risk of colon cancer (RR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.81-0.92, P = 10 -4 ) but not rectal cancer (RR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.84-1.02, P = 0.112). Additionally, the result that high folate intake may decrease the risk of colorectal cancer was observed in the USA and Europe but not in other regions. CONCLUSION High folate intake may be protective against colon cancer, particularly in people with middle or high alcohol consumption, but it still needs to be further confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan Fu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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15
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Hill EB, Baxter BA, Pfluger B, Slaughter CK, Beale M, Smith HV, Stromberg SS, Tipton M, Ibrahim H, Rao S, Leach H, Ryan EP. Plasma, urine, and stool metabolites in response to dietary rice bran and navy bean supplementation in adults at high-risk for colorectal cancer. FRONTIERS IN GASTROENTEROLOGY (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 2:1087056. [PMID: 38469373 PMCID: PMC10927265 DOI: 10.3389/fgstr.2023.1087056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Dietary intake of whole grains and legumes and adequate physical activity (PA) have been associated with reduced colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. A single-blinded, two-arm, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot trial was implemented to evaluate the impact of a 12-week dietary intervention of rice bran + navy bean supplementation and PA education on metabolite profiles and the gut microbiome among individuals at high risk of CRC. Methods Adults (n=20) were randomized 1:1 to dietary intervention or control. All participants received PA education at baseline. Sixteen study foods were prepared with either heat-stabilized rice bran + navy bean powder or Fibersol®-2 as a placebo. Intervention participants consumed 30 g rice bran + 30 g navy bean powder daily; those in the control group consumed 10 g placebo daily. Non-targeted metabolite profiling was performed by UPLC-MS/MS to evaluate plasma, urine, and stool at 0, 6, and 12 weeks. Stool was also analyzed for primary and secondary bile acids (BAs) and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) by UPLC-MS/MS and microbial community structure via 16S amplicon sequencing. Two-way ANOVA was used to compare differences between groups for metabolites, and mixed models were used to compare differences between groups for BAs, SCFAs, and alpha and beta diversity measures of microbial community structure. Results Across biological matrices, the intervention resulted in changes to several amino acid and lipid metabolites, compared to control. There was a 2.33-fold difference in plasma (p<0.001) and a 3.33-fold difference in urine (p=0.008) for the amino acid S-methylcysteine at 12 weeks. Fold-differences to 4-methoxyphenol sulfate in plasma and urine after 6 and 12 weeks (p<0.001) was a novel result from this combined rice bran and navy bean intervention in people. A 2.98-fold difference in plasma (p=0.002) and a 17.74-fold difference in stool (p=0.026) was observed for the lipid octadecenedioylcarnitine at 12 weeks. For stool BAs, 3-oxocholic acid was increased at 12 weeks compared to control within a subset of individuals (mean difference 16.2 ug/uL, p=0.022). No significant differences were observed between groups for stool SCFAs or microbial community structure. Discussion Dietary intake of rice bran + navy beans demonstrates beneficial modulation of host and gut microbial metabolism and represents a practical and affordable means of increasing adherence to national guidelines for CRC control and prevention in a high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily B. Hill
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Bridget A. Baxter
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Brigitte Pfluger
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Caroline K. Slaughter
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Melanie Beale
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Hillary V. Smith
- Colorado School of Public Health, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Sophia S. Stromberg
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Madison Tipton
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Hend Ibrahim
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sangeeta Rao
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Heather Leach
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Elizabeth P. Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Colorado School of Public Health, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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16
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Molska M, Reguła J, Świeca M. Adding Modified Buckwheat Sprouts to an Atherogenic Diet - the Effect on Selected Nutritional Parameters in Rats. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2023:10.1007/s11130-023-01047-9. [PMID: 36740612 PMCID: PMC10363063 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-023-01047-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The germinated seeds of many plants are a natural source of substances that can be used to supplement food and increase its functionality. The seeds' metabolism may be modified during germination to produce specific health-promoting compounds. Fagopyrum esculentum Moench is a rich source of nutrients. Buckwheat seeds modified during germination may be helpful as an additive to new functional food products with anti-atherogenic properties. However, their effect and safety should be assessed in in vivo studies. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect that adding modified buckwheat sprouts (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) to an atherogenic (high-fat) diet has on the morphology and digestibility parameters of rats. Buckwheat seeds were modified by adding the probiotic strain of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii. The study was carried out on 32 Wistar rats, and digestibility and blood counts were assessed during the experiment. There was no evidence of an adverse effect on the animals' weight gain and nutritional efficiency. However, the influence of diets with freeze-dried buckwheat sprouts on digestibility and morphological parameters was noticed. Fat digestibility registered a statistically significant decrease in the groups fed a high-fat diet with the addition of sprouts. The study shows a new direction in the use of buckwheat sprouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Molska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 28 Wojska Polskiego Street, 60-624, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Julita Reguła
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 28 Wojska Polskiego Street, 60-624, Poznan, Poland
| | - Michał Świeca
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna Str. 8, 20-704, Lublin, Poland
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17
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Ge Y, Yao S, Shi Y, Cai C, Wang C, Wu P, Cao X, Ye Y. Effects of Low or High Dosages of Dietary Sodium Butyrate on the Growth and Health of the Liver and Intestine of Largemouth Bass, Micropterus salmoides. AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2022; 2022:6173245. [PMID: 36860455 PMCID: PMC9973142 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6173245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The concentration of butyric acid in the intestine increased with the increase in the content of fermentable dietary fibre; however, the potential physiological impact of a high dose of butyric acid on fish has not been sufficiently studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two dosages of butyric acid on the growth and health of the liver and intestine of the largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Sodium butyrate (SB) was added to the diet at 0 g/kg (CON), 2 g/kg (SB2), and 20 g/kg (SB20), and the juvenile largemouth bass were fed to apparent satiation for 56 days. No significant difference was observed in the specific growth rate or hepatosomatic index among the groups (P > 0.05). The concentration of β-hydroxybutyric acid in the liver, the activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase, and the concentrations of triglyceride and total cholesterol in serum increased significantly in the SB20 group compared to the CON group (P < 0.05). The relative expression of fas, acc, il1b, nfkb, and tnfa in the liver of the SB20 groups was also significantly higher than that of the CON group (P < 0.05). The above indicators in the group SB2 had similar change tendencies. The expression of nfkb and il1b in the intestine of both the SB2 and SB20 groups was significantly downregulated compared with that in the CON group (P < 0.05). The size of hepatocytes was enlarged, and the intracellular lipid droplets and the degree of hepatic fibrosis were increased in the SB20 group compared to the CON group. There was no significant difference in intestinal morphology among the groups. The above results indicated that neither 2 g/kg nor 20 g/kg SB had a positive effect on the growth of largemouth bass, while a high dosage of SB induced liver fat accumulation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Ge
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shibin Yao
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ye Shi
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chunfang Cai
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chengrui Wang
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ping Wu
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiamin Cao
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yuantu Ye
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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18
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Alvandi E, Wong WKM, Joglekar MV, Spring KJ, Hardikar AA. Short-chain fatty acid concentrations in the incidence and risk-stratification of colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med 2022; 20:323. [PMID: 36184594 PMCID: PMC9528142 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02529-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The beneficial role of gut microbiota and bacterial metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), is well recognized, although the available literature around their role in colorectal cancer (CRC) has been inconsistent. METHODS We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the associations of fecal SCFA concentrations to the incidence and risk of CRC. Data extraction through Medline, Embase, and Web of Science was carried out from database conception to June 29, 2022. Predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria led to the selection of 17 case-control and six cross-sectional studies for quality assessment and analyses. Studies were categorized for CRC risk or incidence, and RevMan 5.4 was used to perform the meta-analyses. Standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random-effects model. Studies lacking quantitation were included in qualitative analyses. RESULTS Combined analysis of acetic, propionic, and butyric acid revealed significantly lower concentrations of these SCFAs in individuals with a high-risk of CRC (SMD = 2.02, 95% CI 0.31 to 3.74, P = 0.02). Additionally, CRC incidence was higher in individuals with lower levels of SCFAs (SMD = 0.45, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.72, P = 0.0009), compared to healthy individuals. Qualitative analyses identified 70.4% of studies reporting significantly lower concentrations of fecal acetic, propionic, butyric acid, or total SCFAs in those at higher risk of CRC, while 66.7% reported significantly lower concentrations of fecal acetic and butyric acid in CRC patients compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Overall, lower fecal concentrations of the three major SCFAs are associated with higher risk of CRC and incidence of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Alvandi
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia.,Medical Oncology Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Wilson K M Wong
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia.,Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Mugdha V Joglekar
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia.,Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Kevin J Spring
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia. .,South-West Sydney Clinical Campuses, UNSW Medicine & Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Liverpool Clinical School, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.
| | - Anandwardhan A Hardikar
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia. .,Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia. .,Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmark.
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19
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Inamura K, Hamada T, Bullman S, Ugai T, Yachida S, Ogino S. Cancer as microenvironmental, systemic and environmental diseases: opportunity for transdisciplinary microbiomics science. Gut 2022; 71:gutjnl-2022-327209. [PMID: 35820782 PMCID: PMC9834441 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is generally regarded as a localised disease, with the well-established role of the tumour microenvironment. However, the realm of cancer goes beyond the tumour microenvironment, and cancer should also be regarded as a systemic and environmental disease. The exposome (ie, the totality of exposures), which encompasses diets, supplements, smoking, alcohol, other lifestyle factors, medications, etc, likely alters the microbiome (inclusive of bacteria, viruses, archaea, fungi, parasites, etc) and immune system in various body sites and influences tumour phenotypes. The systemic metabolic/inflammatory status, which is likely influenced by exposures and intestinal physiological changes, may affect tissue microenvironment of colorectum and any other organs. Germline genomic factors can modify disease phenotypes via gene-by-environment interactions. Although challenges exist, it is crucial to advance not only basic experimental research that can analyse the effects of exposures, microorganisms and microenvironmental components on tumour evolution but also interdisciplinary human population research that can dissect the complex pathogenic roles of the exposome, microbiome and immunome. Metagenomic, metatranscriptomic and metabolomic analyses should be integrated into well-designed population research combined with advanced methodologies of artificial intelligence and molecular pathological epidemiology. Ideally, a prospective cohort study design that enables biospecimen (such as stool) collection before disease detection should be considered to address reverse causation and recall biases. Robust experimental and observational research together can provide insights into dynamic interactions between environmental exposures, microbiota, tumour and immunity during carcinogenesis processes, thereby helping us develop precision prevention and therapeutic strategies to ultimately reduce the cancer burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Inamura
- Division of Pathology, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pathology, The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hamada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Medicine, The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susan Bullman
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Tomotaka Ugai
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shinichi Yachida
- Department of Cancer Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Genomic Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Cancer Immunology and Cancer Epidemiology Programs, Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Personalized Nutrition Using Microbial Metabolite Phenotype to Stratify Participants and Non-Invasive Host Exfoliomics Reveal the Effects of Flaxseed Lignan Supplementation in a Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122377. [PMID: 35745107 PMCID: PMC9230005 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
High-fiber plant foods contain lignans that are converted to bioactive enterolignans, enterolactone (ENL) and enterodiol (END) by gut bacteria. Previously, we conducted an intervention study to gain mechanistic insight into the potential chemoprotective effects of flaxseed lignan supplementation (secoisolariciresinol diglucoside; SDG) compared to a placebo in 42 men and women. Here, we expand on these analyses to further probe the impact of the microbial metabolite phenotype on host gene expression in response to lignan exposure. We defined metabolic phenotypes as high- or low-ENL excretion based on the microbial metabolism of SDG. RNA-seq was used to assess host gene expression in fecal exfoliated cells. Stratified by microbial ENL excretion, differentially expressed (DE) genes in high- and low-ENL excreter groups were compared. Linear discriminant analysis using the ENL phenotypes identified putative biomarker combinations of genes capable of discriminating the lignan treatment from the placebo. Following lignan intervention, a total of 165 DE genes in high-ENL excreters and 1450 DE genes in low-ENL excreters were detected. Functional analysis identified four common upstream regulators (master genes): CD3, IFNG, IGF1 and TNFRSF1A. Our findings suggest that the enhanced conversion of flaxseed lignan to ENL is associated with a suppressed inflammatory status.
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Sun H, Meng W, Zhu J, Wang L. Antitumor activity and molecular mechanism of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibition. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 395:643-658. [PMID: 35307759 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02200-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a member of the proprotein convertase family of proteins that activate other proteins in cells. Functionally, PCSK9 binds to the receptor of low-density lipoprotein particles (LDL) to regulate cholesterol metabolism and lipoprotein homeostasis in human body. PCSK9 inhibition is a novel pharmacological strategy to control hypercholesterolemia and cardiovascular diseases. Recently accumulating evidence realizes that PCSK9 possesses other roles in cells, such as regulation of tissue inflammatory response, intratumoral immune cell infiltration, and tumor progression. This review discussed the advancement of PCSK9 research on its role and underlying mechanisms in tumor development and progression. For example, PCSK9 inhibition could attenuate progression of breast cancer, glioma, colon tumor, hepatocellular cancer, prostate cancer, and lung adenocarcinoma and promote apoptosis of glioma, prostate cancer, and hepatocellular cancer cells. PCSK9 deficiency could reduce liver metastasis of B16F1 melanoma cells by lowering the circulating cholesterol levels. PCSK9 gene knockdown substantially attenuated mouse tumor growth in vivo by activation of cytotoxic T cells, although PCSK9 knockdown had no effect on morphology and growth rate of different mouse cancer cell lines in vitro. PCSK9 inhibition thus can be used to control human cancers. Future preclinical and clinical studies are warranted to define anti-tumor activity of PCSK9 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Wen Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, Jinan, China.
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Yusuf K, Saha S, Umar S. Health Benefits of Dietary Fiber for the Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1242. [PMID: 35740264 PMCID: PMC9220141 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), two components of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), are painful conditions that affect children and adults. Despite substantial research, there is no permanent cure for IBD, and patients face an increased risk of colon cancer. Dietary fiber's health advantages have been thoroughly investigated, and it is recommended for its enormous health benefits. This review article discusses the importance of appropriate fiber intake in managing IBD, emphasizing how optimal fiber consumption can significantly help IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kafayat Yusuf
- Department of Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, 4028 Wahl Hall East, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;
| | - Subhrajit Saha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;
| | - Shahid Umar
- Department of Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, 4028 Wahl Hall East, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;
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Zhang J, Yu H, Huang T, Huang N, Liang H. Importance of ideal cardiovascular health metrics in the risk of colorectal cancer among people aged 50 years or older: a UK Biobank cohort study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e059642. [PMID: 35613818 PMCID: PMC9125756 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the correlation between the ideal cardiovascular health metrics (ICVHMs) and the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) among people aged 50 years or older. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING The UK Biobank, a prospective cohort of middle-aged participants recruited between 2006 and 2010. PARTICIPANTS The study included 342 226 participants from the UK Biobank aged 50 years or older without prevalent cancer. EXPOSURE The ICVHMs consist of four behavioural factors (abstinence from smoking, ideal body mass index (BMI), physical activity at goal and consumption of healthy diet) and three cardiometabolic factors (untreated total cholesterol <200 mg/dL, untreated blood pressure <120/80 mm Hg and untreated fasting plasma glucose <100 mg/dL). MAIN OUTCOMES The outcome was ascertained by linkage to cancer and death registries using the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth codes C18-C20. RESULTS During a median follow-up time of 8.72 years, 3060 CRC cases were identified. Compared with the reference (participants with ICVHMs ≤2), the multivariable-adjusted HRs for subgroups with 3, 4, 5 and ≥6 ICVHM factors were 0.98 (95% CI 0.85 to 1.12), 0.90 (95% CI 0.77 to 1.02), 0.85 (95% CI 0.71 to 0.98) and 0.69 (95% CI 0.48 to 0.90), respectively. Among the seven ICVHM factors, lower BMI, healthier diet and ideal fasting plasma glucose were significantly associated with lower risk of CRC (HR: 0.86, 95% CI 0.78 to 0.95; HR: 0.92, 95% CI 0.84 to 0.99; HR: 0.90, 95% CI 0.80 to 0.99). CONCLUSIONS Adherence to the ICVHMs was associated with a lower risk of CRC among people aged 50 years or older. Among the seven ICVHM factors, BMI, diet and fasting plasma glucose played a more critical role in the prevention of CRC. These findings imply that adherence to ICVHMs should be encouraged to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease as well as CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijuan Zhang
- School of Public Administration and Policy, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
| | - Hancheng Yu
- School of Public Administration and Policy, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Huang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ninghao Huang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hailun Liang
- School of Public Administration and Policy, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
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Loftfield E, Falk RT, Sampson JN, Huang WY, Hullings A, Murphy G, Weinstein SJ, Albanes D, Freedman ND, Sinha R. Prospective Associations of Circulating Bile Acids and Short-Chain Fatty Acids With Incident Colorectal Cancer. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2022; 6:pkac027. [PMID: 35583137 PMCID: PMC9115675 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkac027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human studies investigating the prospective relationship between microbial metabolites and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk are lacking. We tested whether higher serum bile acids (BAs) and lower short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were associated with CRC risk. METHODS In baseline serum collected more than 30 years before a CRC diagnosis, we quantified concentrations of 15 BAs and 6 SCFAs using targeted liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry assays in 1:1 matched cases and controls from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial (men: n = 262 cases; women: n = 233 cases) and the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study (men: n = 598 cases). We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for BA and SCFA quartiles and summary measures with CRC overall and by anatomic location using multivariable conditional logistic regression models. PLCO analyses were stratified by sex. All statistical tests were 2-sided. RESULTS In PLCO women, 7 BAs were strongly associated with increased CRC risk, including the secondary BAs, deoxycholic (ORQ4 v Q1 = 2.85, 95% CI = 1.45 to 5.60, Qtrend = 0.011), glycodeoxycholic (OR Q4 v Q1 = 3.45, 95% CI = 1.79 to 6.64, Qtrend = 0.006), taurodeoxycholic (OR Q4 v Q1 = 2.36, 95% CI = 1.22 to 4.55, Qtrend = 0.023), and glycolithocholic acid (ORQ4 v Q1 = 2.71, 95% CI = 1.41 to 5.22, Qtrend = 0.015). Women in the highest compared with lowest quartile of total SCFAs had a 45% lower risk of CRC (OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.31 to 0.98, Ptrend = .03). Associations for total BAs and SCFAs were strongest among women with proximal colon cancer. No statistically significant associations were observed for BA or SCFA measures among men. CONCLUSIONS Serum concentrations of BAs, particularly downstream microbial metabolites of cholic acid, were strongly associated with increased risk of CRC among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erikka Loftfield
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Roni T Falk
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Joshua N Sampson
- Biostatistics Branch, DCEG, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Wen-Yi Huang
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Autumn Hullings
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Gwen Murphy
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie J Weinstein
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Neal D Freedman
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Rashmi Sinha
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
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Colorectal Cancer in Younger Adults. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2022; 36:449-470. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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27
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Broadfield LA, Saigal A, Szamosi JC, Hammill JA, Bezverbnaya K, Wang D, Gautam J, Tsakiridis EE, Di Pastena F, McNicol J, Wu J, Syed S, Lally JSV, Raphenya AR, Blouin MJ, Pollak M, Sacconi A, Blandino G, McArthur AG, Schertzer JD, Surette MG, Collins SM, Bramson JL, Muti P, Tsakiridis T, Steinberg GR. Metformin-induced reductions in tumor growth involves modulation of the gut microbiome. Mol Metab 2022; 61:101498. [PMID: 35452877 PMCID: PMC9096669 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Purpose Type 2 diabetes and obesity increase the risk of developing colorectal cancer. Metformin may reduce colorectal cancer but the mechanisms mediating this effect remain unclear. In mice and humans, a high-fat diet (HFD), obesity and metformin are known to alter the gut microbiome but whether this is important for influencing tumor growth is not known. Methods Mice with syngeneic MC38 colon adenocarcinomas were treated with metformin or feces obtained from control or metformin treated mice. Results We find that compared to chow-fed controls, tumor growth is increased when mice are fed a HFD and that this acceleration of tumor growth can be partially recapitulated through transfer of the fecal microbiome or in vitro treatment of cells with fecal filtrates from HFD-fed animals. Treatment of HFD-fed mice with orally ingested, but not intraperitoneally injected, metformin suppresses tumor growth and increases the expression of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing microbes Alistipes, Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae. The transfer of the gut microbiome from mice treated orally with metformin to drug naïve, conventionalized HFD-fed mice increases circulating propionate and butyrate, reduces tumor proliferation, and suppresses the expression of sterol response element binding protein (SREBP) gene targets in the tumor. Conclusion These data indicate that in obese mice fed a HFD, metformin reduces tumor burden through changes in the gut microbiome. Oral but not intraperitoneal injection of metformin is associated with changes in the gut microbiome and reductions in MC38 tumor cell growth in mice fed a high-fat diet. Transferring feces from mice treated with oral metformin into metformin naïve mice inhibits tumor growth independently of changes in body mass, blood glucose or serum insulin. Metformin fecal transfers to metformin naïve mice leads to increased abundance of short chain fatty acid producing microbes. Metformin fecal transfers reprogram tumor metabolism reducing the expression of SREBP and cholesterol synthesis genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A Broadfield
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Amna Saigal
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jake C Szamosi
- Farncombe Family Digestive Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Joanne A Hammill
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ksenia Bezverbnaya
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jaya Gautam
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Evangelia E Tsakiridis
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Fiorella Di Pastena
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jamie McNicol
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jianhan Wu
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Saad Syed
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Farncombe Family Digestive Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - James S V Lally
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Amogelang R Raphenya
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Marie-Jose Blouin
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Michael Pollak
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Andrea Sacconi
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Italian National Cancer Institute "Regina Elena", Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Italian National Cancer Institute "Regina Elena", Rome, Italy
| | - Andrew G McArthur
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Schertzer
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Farncombe Family Digestive Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Michael G Surette
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Farncombe Family Digestive Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen M Collins
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Farncombe Family Digestive Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan L Bramson
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Paola Muti
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Theodoros Tsakiridis
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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Lepr + mesenchymal cells sense diet to modulate intestinal stem/progenitor cells via Leptin-Igf1 axis. Cell Res 2022; 32:670-686. [PMID: 35296796 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-022-00643-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet can impact on gut health and disease by modulating intestinal stem cells (ISCs). However, it is largely unknown if and how the ISC niche responds to diet and influences ISC function. Here, we demonstrate that Lepr+ mesenchymal cells (MCs) surrounding intestinal crypts sense diet change and provide a novel niche signal to maintain ISC and progenitor cell proliferation. The abundance of these MCs increases upon administration of a high-fat diet (HFD) but dramatically decreases upon fasting. Depletion of Lepr+ MCs resulted in fewer intestinal stem/progenitor cells, compromised the architecture of crypt-villus axis and impaired intestinal regeneration. Furthermore, we showed that IGF1 secreted by Lepr+ MCs is an important effector that promotes proliferation of ISCs and progenitor cells in the intestinal crypt. We conclude that Lepr+ MCs sense diet alterations and, in turn, modulate intestinal stem/progenitor cell function via a stromal IGF1-epithelial IGF1R axis. These findings reveal that Lepr+ MCs are important mediators linking systemic diet changes to local ISC function and might serve as a novel therapeutic target for gut diseases.
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Huang X, Fan M, Huang W. Pleiotropic roles of FXR in liver and colorectal cancers. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 543:111543. [PMID: 34995680 PMCID: PMC8818033 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is generally considered a cell protector of enterohepatic tissues and a suppressor of liver cancer and colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Loss or reduction of FXR expression occurs during carcinogenesis, and the FXR level is inversely associated with the aggressive behaviors of the malignancy. Global deletion of FXR and tissue-specific deletion of FXR display distinct effects on tumorigenesis. Epigenetic silencing and inflammatory context are two main contributors to impaired FXR expression and activity. FXR exerts its antitumorigenic function via the following mechanisms: 1) FXR regulates multiple metabolic processes, notably bile acid homeostasis; 2) FXR antagonizes hepatic and enteric inflammation; 3) FXR impedes aberrant activation of some cancer-related pathways; and 4) FXR downregulates a number of oncogenes while upregulating some tumor suppressor genes. Restoring FXR functions via its agonists provides a therapeutic approach for patients with liver cancer and CRC. However, an in-depth understanding of the species-specific pharmacological effects is a prerequisite for assessing the clinical safety and efficacy of FXR agonists in human cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongfei Huang
- Department of Pathology and Institute of Oncology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350004, PR China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, PR China.
| | - Mingjie Fan
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Wendong Huang
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The gut microbial co-metabolism of bile-derived compounds (e.g. bile acids and bile pigments) affects colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. Here, we review recent findings with focus on selected novel aspects of bile-associated effects with interesting but unclear implications on CRC risk. RECENT FINDINGS Numerous studies demonstrated novel biotransformation of bile acids by gut bacteria (e.g. microbial conjugation of bile acids), resulting in diverse bile acid compounds that show complex interactions with host receptors (e.g. FXR, TGR5). In addition, YAP-associated signalling in intestinal epithelial cells is modulated via bile acid receptor TGR5 and contributes to colonic tumorigenesis. Finally, studies indicate that serum levels of the bile pigment bilirubin are inversely associated with CRC risk or intestinal inflammation and that bilirubin affects gut microbiota composition. SUMMARY Bile acids and bile pigments have multiple effects on intestinal microbe-host interactions, which may collectively modulate long-term CRC risk of the host.
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Ranasinghe R, Mathai M, Zulli A. A synopsis of modern - day colorectal cancer: Where we stand. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188699. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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de Freitas JS, de Oliveira Pedron ÉL, de Lima E Silva Aliprandi J, Laurentino GC, Gatti AL, Forones NM, de Cássia de Aquino R. The effect of chemotherapy on dietary intake and nutritional status in patients with colorectal neoplasms and the importance of nutritional counseling. Support Care Cancer 2022; 30:3885-3891. [PMID: 35043217 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-022-06794-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed at assessing the effect of chemotherapy on dietary intake and nutritional status of patients with colorectal cancer undergoing chemotherapy. METHODS Observational, cross-sectional study conducted with 35 patients of both sexes, aged 50 years or older. Dietary intake was assessed four times: before (T0), twice during (T1 and T2), and after (TF) chemotherapy. Data on energy, macronutrients, and micronutrients were used for assessing dietary intake. Nutritional status was assessed on the first day and at the end of the chemotherapy cycle. The data were treated statistically using a 5% significance level. RESULTS The intake of energy, carbohydrates, lipids, selenium, and iron was lower after chemotherapy infusion (p < 0.05). Energy consumption decreased when comparing T0 (1419.8 ± 527.1 kcal) with T1 (1181.9 ± 423.2 kcal). Regarding macronutrients, carbohydrates and lipids showed a drop (p < 0.05), but there were no differences in protein intake, and it was observed that the consumption of food sources such as dairy was prioritized. In the analysis of vitamins and minerals, vitamins dropped but without a significant difference. There were significant differences between T1 and TF for iron (9.7 mg ± 4.5 mg and 12.0 ± 4.0 mg) and selenium (77.4 ± 29.7 µg and 93.6 ± 37.8 µg). There was no change in body composition and nutritional status between chemotherapy cycles. CONCLUSION The treatment reduced patients' food consumption after the chemotherapy session and impacted dietary intake, which demonstrates the importance of nutritional counseling and intervention, especially on energy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Sillas de Freitas
- Graduate Program in the Science of Aging,, Universidade São Judas Tadeu (USJT) and Anima Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Érica Line de Oliveira Pedron
- Graduate Program in the Science of Aging,, Universidade São Judas Tadeu (USJT) and Anima Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Gilberto Cândido Laurentino
- Graduate Program in the Science of Aging,, Universidade São Judas Tadeu (USJT) and Anima Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Lucia Gatti
- Graduate Program in the Science of Aging,, Universidade São Judas Tadeu (USJT) and Anima Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nora Manoukian Forones
- Oncology Division, Gastroenterology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia de Aquino
- Graduate Program in the Science of Aging,, Universidade São Judas Tadeu (USJT) and Anima Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
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Yang R, Qian L. Research on Gut Microbiota-Derived Secondary Bile Acids in Cancer Progression. Integr Cancer Ther 2022; 21:15347354221114100. [PMID: 35880833 PMCID: PMC9421216 DOI: 10.1177/15347354221114100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between gut microbiota-derived metabolites and the body plays a
significant role in the occurrence and development of cancer. Secondary bile
acids (BAs) are the important products produced from gut microbial fermentation
of primary BAs, mainly deoxycholic acid (DCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA). In the
gut, they can influence the structure of the microbial communities. Several
studies have demonstrated that secondary BAs, as signaling molecules, can
activate a variety of signaling pathways. They can inhibit the apoptosis of
cancer cells, induce the progression of cancer cell cycles, enhance the ability
of metastasis and invasion of cancer cells, and promote the transformation of
cells into cancer stem cells (CSCs). Moreover, secondary BAs promote cancer by
regulating the function of immune cells. Therefore, targeted manipulation of gut
microbial and secondary BAs has the potential to be developed as for treatment
and prevention of various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Yang
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Li Qian
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Hao T, Yu H, Huang D, Liu Q. TMUB1 Correlated with Immune Infiltration Is a Prognostic Marker for Colorectal Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:5884531. [PMID: 35928927 PMCID: PMC9345731 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5884531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transmembrane and ubiquitin-like domain-containing protein 1 (TMUB1) is overexpressed in a large number of liver and esophageal tumors. However, only a few reports on the clinical significance of TMUB1 in colorectal cancer (CRC) exist. METHODS Here, we evaluated the clinical significance and potential biological role of TMUB1 using bioinformatics analysis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship of TMUB1 with clinicopathological features. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to identify the biological function of TMUB1, while any associations between the expression of TMUB1 and the infiltration of 24 immune cells were analyzed using simple-sample GSEA. RESULTS TMUB1 was significantly overexpressed in CRC tissues compared with normal controls. The high expression of TMUB1 in CRC was associated with T stage, neotype, and residual tumor. Moreover, TMUB1 was identified as an independent factor of poor disease-free survival (DFS) and short overall survival (OS). GSEA demonstrated that TMUB1 was related to hypoxia, angiogenesis, adipogenesis, inflammatory response, IL6-JAK-STAT3 signaling, apoptosis, mitotic spindle, and IL2-STAT5 signaling. The expression of TMUB1 negatively correlated with the abundance of T helper cells, Tcm cells, macrophages, and Th2 cells, whereas it positively correlated with the abundance of several immune cell types, including CD56bright and CD56dim NK cells. CONCLUSIONS The high expression of TMUB1 is closely related to a poor prognosis in patients with CRC. TMUB1 may be a potential prognostic biomarker and be used for therapeutic approaches in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Hao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hanqiang Yu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou, 256600 Shandong Province, China
| | - Daqi Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou, 256600 Shandong Province, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou, 256600 Shandong Province, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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de Souza JB, Brelaz-de-Castro MCA, Cavalcanti IMF. Strategies for the treatment of colorectal cancer caused by gut microbiota. Life Sci 2021; 290:120202. [PMID: 34896161 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), also named as colon and rectal or bowel cancer, is one of the leading neoplasia diagnosed in the world. Genetic sequencing studies of microorganisms from the intestinal microbiota of patients with CRC revealed that changes in its composition occur with the development of the disease, which can play a fundamental role in its development, being mediated by the production of metabolites and toxins that damage enterocytes. Some microorganisms are frequently reported in the literature as the main agents of this process, such as the bacteria Fusobacterium nucleatum, Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis. Thus, understanding the mechanisms and function of each microorganism in CRC is essential for the development of treatment tools that focus on the gut microbiota. This review verifies current research aimed at evaluating the microorganisms present in the microbiota that can influence the development of CRC, as well as possible forms of treatment that can prevent the initiation and/or spread of this disease. Due to the incidence of CRC, alternatives have been launched considering factors beyond those already known in the disease development, such as diet, fecal microbiota transplantation, use of probiotics and antibiotics, which have been widely studied for this purpose. However, despite being promising, the studies that focus on the development of new therapeutic approaches targeting the microorganisms that cause CRC still need to be improved and better developed, involving new techniques to elucidate the effectiveness and safety of these new methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Barbosa de Souza
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Isabella Macário Ferro Cavalcanti
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil; Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Academic Center of Vitória (CAV), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil.
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Kostoff RN, Briggs MB, Kanduc D, Shores DR, Kovatsi L, Drakoulis N, Porter AL, Tsatsakis A, Spandidos DA. Contributing factors common to COVID‑19 and gastrointestinal cancer. Oncol Rep 2021; 47:16. [PMID: 34779496 PMCID: PMC8611322 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The devastating complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) result from the dysfunctional immune response of an individual following the initial severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Multiple toxic stressors and behaviors contribute to underlying immune system dysfunction. SARS-CoV-2 exploits the dysfunctional immune system to trigger a chain of events, ultimately leading to COVID-19. The authors have previously identified a number of contributing factors (CFs) common to myriad chronic diseases. Based on these observations, it was hypothesized that there may be a significant overlap between CFs associated with COVID-19 and gastrointestinal cancer (GIC). Thus, in the present study, a streamlined dot-product approach was used initially to identify potential CFs that affect COVID-19 and GIC directly (i.e., the simultaneous occurrence of CFs and disease in the same article). The nascent character of the COVID-19 core literature (~1-year-old) did not allow sufficient time for the direct effects of numerous CFs on COVID-19 to emerge from laboratory experiments and epidemiological studies. Therefore, a literature-related discovery approach was used to augment the COVID-19 core literature-based ‘direct impact’ CFs with discovery-based ‘indirect impact’ CFs [CFs were identified in the non-COVID-19 biomedical literature that had the same biomarker impact pattern (e.g., hyperinflammation, hypercoagulation, hypoxia, etc.) as was shown in the COVID-19 literature]. Approximately 2,250 candidate direct impact CFs in common between GIC and COVID-19 were identified, albeit some being variants of the same concept. As commonality proof of concept, 75 potential CFs that appeared promising were selected, and 63 overlapping COVID-19/GIC potential/candidate CFs were validated with biological plausibility. In total, 42 of the 63 were overlapping direct impact COVID-19/GIC CFs, and the remaining 21 were candidate GIC CFs that overlapped with indirect impact COVID-19 CFs. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that COVID-19 and GIC share a number of common risk/CFs, including behaviors and toxic exposures, that impair immune function. A key component of immune system health is the removal of those factors that contribute to immune system dysfunction in the first place. This requires a paradigm shift from traditional Western medicine, which often focuses on treatment, rather than prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Neil Kostoff
- School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, Gainesville, VA 20155, USA
| | | | - Darja Kanduc
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, I‑70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Darla Roye Shores
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Leda Kovatsi
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Drakoulis
- Research Group of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
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Patterns and grades of presentation of colon cancer in Northern Saudi Arabia. PRZEGLAD GASTROENTEROLOGICZNY 2021; 16:235-239. [PMID: 34584586 PMCID: PMC8456767 DOI: 10.5114/pg.2021.104168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The primary concern related to colon cancer in Saudi Arabia is the presentation of many patients with advanced disease stages. Aim To determine the patterns and grades of colon cancer presentation in Northern Saudi Arabia. Material and methods Retrieved data and tissue blocks related to 50 colorectal patients from King Khalid Hospital, Hai'l province, Northern Saudi Arabia were used. The sample represented all available colorectal specimens (full coverage of cancer cases within 10 years). The retrieved data included a full histopathology report, gender, and age. All tissues were retrieved in the form of formalin-fixed paraffin wax processed blocks. The tissues were found to be obtained in the form of colonoscopy or/and biopsy. Results The diagnosed colon cancers included conventional adenocarcinoma 36 (72%), mucinous adenocarcinoma 4 (8%), carcinoma-in-situ 4 (8%), and invasive adenocarcinoma 6 (12%). Moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated stages were confirmed in 46 (92%) and 4 (8%), respectively. Conclusions Conventional adenocarcinoma is the most common presenting colon cancer at and relatively younger age. Mucinous adenocarcinoma is frequently presented in female patients of a somewhat more youthful generation. Most patients are diagnosed with moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, followed by poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. The findings necessitate the urgent intervention of national policies for early detection by implementing sustainable screening programs.
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Farvid MS, Sidahmed E, Spence ND, Mante Angua K, Rosner BA, Barnett JB. Consumption of red meat and processed meat and cancer incidence: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Eur J Epidemiol 2021; 36:937-951. [PMID: 34455534 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-021-00741-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Red meat and processed meat consumption has been hypothesized to increase risk of cancer, but the evidence is inconsistent. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies to summarize the evidence of associations between consumption of red meat (unprocessed), processed meat, and total red and processed meat with the incidence of various cancer types. We searched in MEDLINE and EMBASE databases through December 2020. Using a random-effect meta-analysis, we calculated the pooled relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the highest versus the lowest category of red meat, processed meat, and total red and processed meat consumption in relation to incidence of various cancers. We identified 148 published articles. Red meat consumption was significantly associated with greater risk of breast cancer (RR = 1.09; 95% CI = 1.03-1.15), endometrial cancer (RR = 1.25; 95% CI = 1.01-1.56), colorectal cancer (RR = 1.10; 95% CI = 1.03-1.17), colon cancer (RR = 1.17; 95% CI = 1.09-1.25), rectal cancer (RR = 1.22; 95% CI = 1.01-1.46), lung cancer (RR = 1.26; 95% CI = 1.09-1.44), and hepatocellular carcinoma (RR = 1.22; 95% CI = 1.01-1.46). Processed meat consumption was significantly associated with a 6% greater breast cancer risk, an 18% greater colorectal cancer risk, a 21% greater colon cancer risk, a 22% greater rectal cancer risk, and a 12% greater lung cancer risk. Total red and processed meat consumption was significantly associated with greater risk of colorectal cancer (RR = 1.17; 95% CI = 1.08-1.26), colon cancer (RR = 1.21; 95% CI = 1.09-1.34), rectal cancer (RR = 1.26; 95% CI = 1.09-1.45), lung cancer (RR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.09-1.33), and renal cell cancer (RR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.04-1.37). This comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis study showed that high red meat intake was positively associated with risk of breast cancer, endometrial cancer, colorectal cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, lung cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma, and high processed meat intake was positively associated with risk of breast, colorectal, colon, rectal, and lung cancers. Higher risk of colorectal, colon, rectal, lung, and renal cell cancers were also observed with high total red and processed meat consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam S Farvid
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Elkhansa Sidahmed
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas D Spence
- Department of Sociology and Department of Health and Society, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Bernard A Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Junaidah B Barnett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Sauvaitre T, Etienne-Mesmin L, Sivignon A, Mosoni P, Courtin CM, Van de Wiele T, Blanquet-Diot S. Tripartite relationship between gut microbiota, intestinal mucus and dietary fibers: towards preventive strategies against enteric infections. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:5918835. [PMID: 33026073 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuaa052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut is inhabited by a large variety of microorganims involved in many physiological processes and collectively referred as to gut microbiota. Disrupted microbiome has been associated with negative health outcomes and especially could promote the onset of enteric infections. To sustain their growth and persistence within the human digestive tract, gut microbes and enteric pathogens rely on two main polysaccharide compartments, namely dietary fibers and mucus carbohydrates. Several evidences suggest that the three-way relationship between gut microbiota, dietary fibers and mucus layer could unravel the capacity of enteric pathogens to colonise the human digestive tract and ultimately lead to infection. The review starts by shedding light on similarities and differences between dietary fibers and mucus carbohydrates structures and functions. Next, we provide an overview of the interactions of these two components with the third partner, namely, the gut microbiota, under health and disease situations. The review will then provide insights into the relevance of using dietary fibers interventions to prevent enteric infections with a focus on gut microbial imbalance and impaired-mucus integrity. Facing the numerous challenges in studying microbiota-pathogen-dietary fiber-mucus interactions, we lastly describe the characteristics and potentialities of currently available in vitro models of the human gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sauvaitre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 454 INRAe, Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health (MEDIS), Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lucie Etienne-Mesmin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 454 INRAe, Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health (MEDIS), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Adeline Sivignon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 1071 Inserm, USC-INRAe 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pascale Mosoni
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 454 INRAe, Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health (MEDIS), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christophe M Courtin
- KU Leuven, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry & Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Blanquet-Diot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 454 INRAe, Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health (MEDIS), Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Koponen KK, Salosensaari A, Ruuskanen MO, Havulinna AS, Männistö S, Jousilahti P, Palmu J, Salido R, Sanders K, Brennan C, Humphrey GC, Sanders JG, Meric G, Cheng S, Inouye M, Jain M, Niiranen TJ, Valsta LM, Knight R, Salomaa VV. Associations of healthy food choices with gut microbiota profiles. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:605-616. [PMID: 34020448 PMCID: PMC8326043 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet has a major influence on the human gut microbiota, which has been linked to health and disease. However, epidemiological studies on associations of a healthy diet with the microbiota utilizing a whole-diet approach are still scant. OBJECTIVES To assess associations between healthy food choices and human gut microbiota composition, and to determine the strength of association with functional potential. METHODS This population-based study sample consisted of 4930 participants (ages 25-74; 53% women) in the FINRISK 2002 study. Intakes of recommended foods were assessed using a food propensity questionnaire, and responses were transformed into healthy food choices (HFC) scores. Microbial diversity (alpha diversity) and compositional differences (beta diversity) and their associations with the HFC score and its components were assessed using linear regression. Multiple permutational multivariate ANOVAs were run from whole-metagenome shallow shotgun-sequenced samples. Associations between specific taxa and HFC were analyzed using linear regression. Functional associations were derived from Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes orthologies with linear regression models. RESULTS Both microbial alpha diversity (β/SD, 0.044; SE, 6.18 × 10-5; P = 2.21 × 10-3) and beta diversity (R2, 0.12; P ≤ 1.00 × 10-3) were associated with the HFC score. For alpha diversity, the strongest associations were observed for fiber-rich breads, poultry, fruits, and low-fat cheeses (all positive). For beta diversity, the most prominent associations were observed for vegetables, followed by berries and fruits. Genera with fiber-degrading and SCFA-producing capacities were positively associated with the HFC score. The HFC score was associated positively with functions such as SCFA metabolism and synthesis, and inversely with functions such as fatty acid biosynthesis and the sulfur relay system. CONCLUSIONS Our results from a large, population-based survey confirm and extend findings of other, smaller-scale studies that plant- and fiber-rich dietary choices are associated with a more diverse and compositionally distinct microbiota, and with a greater potential to produce SCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari K Koponen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aaro Salosensaari
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland
- Department of Future Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Matti O Ruuskanen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Aki S Havulinna
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joonatan Palmu
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Rodolfo Salido
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karenina Sanders
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Caitriona Brennan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gregory C Humphrey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jon G Sanders
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Cornell Institute for Host-Microbe Interaction and Disease, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Guillaume Meric
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Susan Cheng
- Division of Cardiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael Inouye
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mohit Jain
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Teemu J Niiranen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Liisa M Valsta
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Veikko V Salomaa
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Ocvirk S, O'Keefe SJD. Dietary fat, bile acid metabolism and colorectal cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 73:347-355. [PMID: 33069873 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) risk is predominantly driven by environmental factors, in particular diet. A high intake of dietary fat has been implicated as a risk factor inducing the formation of pre-neoplastic lesions (e.g., adenomatous polyps) and/or exacerbating colonic tumorigenesis. Recent data attributed the tumor-promoting activity of high-fat diets to their effects on gut microbiota composition and metabolism, in particular with regard to bile acids. Bile acids are synthesized in the liver in response to dietary fat and facilitate lipid absorption in the small intestine. The majority of bile acids is re-absorbed during small intestinal transit and subjected to enterohepatic circulation. Bile acids entering the colon undergo complex biotransformation performed by gut bacteria, resulting in secondary bile acids that show tumor-promoting activity. Excessive dietary fat leads to high levels of secondary bile acids in feces and primes the gut microbiota to bile acid metabolism. This promotes an altered overall bile acid pool, which activates or restricts intestinal and hepatic cross-signaling of the bile acid receptor, farnesoid X receptor (FXR). Recent studies provided evidence that FXR is a main regulator of bile acid-mediated effects on intestinal tumorigenesis integrating dietary, microbial and genetic risk factors for CRC. Selective FXR agonist or antagonist activity by specific bile acids depends on additional factors (e.g., bile acid concentration, composition of bile acid pool, genetic instability of cells) and, thus, may differ in healthy and tumorigenic conditions in the intestine. In conclusion, fat-mediated alterations of the gut microbiota link bile acid metabolism to CRC risk and colonic tumorigenesis, exemplifying how gut microbial co-metabolism affects colon health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soeren Ocvirk
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Intestinal Microbiology Research Group, Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Stephen J D O'Keefe
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Neylon E, Arendt EK, Zannini E, Sahin AW. Fermentation as a Tool to Revitalise Brewers' Spent Grain and Elevate Techno-Functional Properties and Nutritional Value in High Fibre Bread. Foods 2021; 10:foods10071639. [PMID: 34359509 PMCID: PMC8307366 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recycling of by-products from the food industry has become a central part of research to help create a more sustainable future. Brewers’ spent grain is one of the main side-streams of the brewing industry, rich in protein and fibre. Its inclusion in bread, however, has been challenging and requires additional processing. Fermentation represents a promising tool to elevate ingredient functionality and improve bread quality. Wheat bread was fortified with spray-dried brewers’ spent grain (BSG) and fermented brewers’ spent grain (FBSG) at two addition levels to achieve “source of fibre” and “high in fibre” claims according to EU regulations. The impact of BSG and FBSG on bread dough, final bread quality and nutritional value was investigated and compared to baker’s flour (BF) and wholemeal flour (WMF) breads. The inclusion of BSG and FBSG resulted in a stronger and faster gluten development; reduced starch pasting capacity; and increased dough resistance/stiffness. However, fermentation improved bread characteristics resulting in increased specific volume, reduced crumb hardness and restricted microbial growth rate over time. Additionally, the inclusion of FBSG slowed the release in reducing sugars over time during in vitro starch digestion. Thus, fermentation of BSG can ameliorate bread techno-functional properties and improve nutritional quality of breads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Neylon
- School of Food and Nutritional Science, University College Cork, College Road, T12K8AF Cork, Ireland; (E.N.); (E.Z.); (A.W.S.)
| | - Elke K. Arendt
- School of Food and Nutritional Science, University College Cork, College Road, T12K8AF Cork, Ireland; (E.N.); (E.Z.); (A.W.S.)
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Western Road, T12K8AF Cork, Ireland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +35-32-1490-2064
| | - Emanuele Zannini
- School of Food and Nutritional Science, University College Cork, College Road, T12K8AF Cork, Ireland; (E.N.); (E.Z.); (A.W.S.)
| | - Aylin W. Sahin
- School of Food and Nutritional Science, University College Cork, College Road, T12K8AF Cork, Ireland; (E.N.); (E.Z.); (A.W.S.)
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Jiang C, Liu Y, Wen S, Xu C, Gu L. In silico development and clinical validation of novel 8 gene signature based on lipid metabolism related genes in colon adenocarcinoma. Pharmacol Res 2021; 169:105644. [PMID: 33940186 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in lipid metabolism pathways play a major role in colon carcinogenesis and development. Hence, we conducted a systematic analysis of lipid metabolism-related genes to explore new markers that predict the prognosis of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD). METHODS The non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) algorithm was applied to identify the molecular subtypes based on lipid metabolism-related genes. A weighted correlation network analysis (WCGNA) was used to identify co-expressed genes, and Lasso multivariate Cox analysis was performed to build a risk prognosis model. A timer database was used to analyze the immune infiltration of the gene signature and the GSCALite database was used for genome-wide analysis of the gene signature. RESULTS TCGA-COAD samples were divided into 3 subtypes based on lipid metabolism-related genes. 2739 genes were identified by WGCNA analysis. Finally, an 8-gene signature (RTN2, FYN, HEYL, FAM69A, FBXL5, HMGN2, LGALS4, STOX1) was constructed that demonstrated good robustness in different datasets, as well as an independent risk factor for colon cancer patients' prognosis. In addition, our model's predictive efficacy overall was higher than that of the other published models, and the 8 genes' expression analysis indicated that RTN2, HEYL, and STOX1 were all expressed highly significantly in COAD, while FAM69A, FBXL5, LGALS4, FYN and HMGN2 were expressed significantly poorly in cancer tissues, which was confirmed in immunohistochemistry. The 8 genes were expressed significantly differently in COAD immune subtypes and correlated with clinical variables. Genome-wide analysis revealed that the STOX1 mutation frequency was the highest, and genome methylation influenced HEYL, FAM69A, and STOX1 gene expression significantly; further, the expression of HEYL and FBXL5 was correlated positively with Copy number variation (CNV) and was regulated significantly by CNV in most cancers. FBXL5 was correlated significantly with austocystin d and bafilomycin and played an important role in anti-tumor and immunotherapy. The HEYL, FYN, FAM69A, and RTN2 genes' expression was associated with the EMT pathway's activation, while LGALS4 and STOX1 were associated significantly with the EMT pathway's inhibition. CONCLUSION This study constructed an 8-gene signature as a novel marker to predict colon cancer patients' survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Siyuan Wen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Chunjie Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Lei Gu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China.
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44
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Kim JY. Optimal Diet Strategies for Weight Loss and Weight Loss Maintenance. J Obes Metab Syndr 2021; 30:20-31. [PMID: 33107442 PMCID: PMC8017325 DOI: 10.7570/jomes20065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become one of the most important public health problems worldwide, which suggests the need for evidence-based dietary strategies for weight loss and its maintenance. Weight management depends upon complex factors such as amount of food eaten, type of food eaten, and timing of meals. In this review, we identified evidence-based dietary strategies for weight management based on these three components. An energy deficit is the most important factor in weight loss. A low-calorie diet with a low fat or carbohydrate content has been recommended; however, in some cases, a very-low-calorie diet is required for a short period. Some macronutrient composition-based diets, such as the ketogenic diet or high-protein diet, could be considered in some cases, although the potential risks and long-term effectiveness remain unknown. Meal timing is also an important factor in weight management, and higher-calorie breakfasts in combination with overnight fasting may help to prevent obesity. Our review indicated that there is no single best strategy for weight management. Hence, strategies for weight loss and its maintenance should be individualized, and healthcare providers must choose the best strategy based on patient preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Young Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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45
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Ji XW, Wang J, Shen QM, Li ZY, Jiang YF, Liu DK, Tan YT, Li HL, Xiang YB. Dietary fat intake and liver cancer incidence: A population-based cohort study in Chinese men. Int J Cancer 2021; 148:2982-2996. [PMID: 33559177 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To date, limited studies have focused on the association between dietary fat and liver cancer risk, especially in China. Our study aims to evaluate the association between dietary fat intake and liver cancer incidence risk in men. Dietary fat intake was obtained through a validated food frequency questionnaire in a Chinese prospective cohort. The Cox regression model was utilized to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). After exclusion, 59 998 recruitments were finally analyzed with a total follow-up time of 714 339 person-years, 431 incident liver cancer cases were newly identified among them. The adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for the highest vs lowest quartile of total fat, saturated fat, monounsaturated fat (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) were 1.33 (1.01-1.75), 1.50 (1.13-1.97), 1.26 (0.96-1.65), and 1.41 (1.07-1.86), and the corresponding P-trend values were .008, .005, .034, and .005, respectively. In the secondary analysis among participants tested for hepatitis B virus, we found that higher intakes of saturated fat and PUFA were also associated with increased liver cancer risks. Besides, high risks of per standard deviation alterations of the total fat, saturated fat and MUFA were detected in liver cancer, and these results were similar to those concluded from the full-cohort analysis. In conclusion, dietary intakes of total fat, saturated fat, PUFA, and probably MUFA might increase liver cancer risks. Our study provides suggestive advice to public administration on dietary suggestions, and related measures taken from managing dietary fat intake might reduce liver cancer incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wei Ji
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Ming Shen
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo-Ying Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Fei Jiang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Ke Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ting Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Lan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Bing Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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46
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Zhou E, Rifkin S. Colorectal Cancer and Diet: Risk Versus Prevention, Is Diet an Intervention? Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2021; 50:101-111. [PMID: 33518157 DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cause of cancer in men and women in the world. Epidemiologic research approximates that half of colon cancer risk is preventable by modifiable risk factors, including diet. This article reviews prior studies involving certain food items and their relation to colorectal cancer, to elucidate whether diet can be a potential intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elinor Zhou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1830 East Monument Street, Suite 431, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Samara Rifkin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, 6520 MSRB1, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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47
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Short-chain free-fatty acid G protein-coupled receptors in colon cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 186:114483. [PMID: 33631190 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The dietary role of macronutrients and their metabolites in cancer has been evident for many decades. Dietary ingestion of fat, carbohydrates, protein, and fiber, as well as probiotics that influence gut microbiota, have all been linked to gastrointestinal (GI) tract health and disease, particularly in the colon, where it has long been known that fat and fiber can regulate inflammation and carcinogenesis. Short-chained fatty acids (SCFA), including acetate, propionate, and butyrate, which are biosynthesized by microbiota-mediated metabolism of dietary fiber, have previously been shown to play important roles in colorectal health, including decreasing inflammation and oxidative stress. Since the 1980s, a growing number of studies have also demonstrated a link between SCFA and colon epithelial cell carcinogenesis and prevention of colorectal cancers (CRC). While the effects of SCFA have historically been associated with their intracellular metabolism and function, the discovery of a family of G protein-coupled free-fatty acid receptors in the early 2000s suggests that many effects of SCFA are cell-surface receptor mediated. Indeed, the SCFA GPCRs FFA2 (previously termed GPR43), FFA3 (previously termed GPR41), and GPR109A are now well established to be expressed within the GI tract, where they modulate a variety of functions in response to luminal SCFA. While the role of SCFA in cancers, including CRC, has been reviewed in detail elsewhere, the goal of this report is to provide a review on the current body of evidence in regard to the effects of SCFA on FFA2, FFA3, and GPR109A in colon cancers.
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48
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Yin Y, Wang M, Gu W, Chen L. Intestine-specific FXR agonists as potential therapeutic agents for colorectal cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 186:114430. [PMID: 33556338 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most malignant cancers in the world. A major cause of death in CRC patients is the limited therapeutic options in its advanced stages. The Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a member of the nuclear superfamily, which is effective in slowing the progression of colorectal cancer in addition to its extraordinary role in regulating metabolic disorders. Due to the systemic side-effects caused by non-selective agonists, the intestine-restricted FXR agonists can induce a whole-body benefit without activating the hepatic FXR, suggesting intestinal FXR activation as a potentially safer therapy in the treatment of CRC. This review highlights the effects of FXR on the disturbed bile acid circulation and the carcinogenesis of CRC and with a specific emphasis on listing the functions of several intestinal-restricted FXR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Yin
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mengge Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenjie Gu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Miyazaki T, Shirakami Y, Mizutani T, Maruta A, Ideta T, Kubota M, Sakai H, Ibuka T, Genovese S, Fiorito S, Taddeo VA, Epifano F, Tanaka T, Shimizu M. Novel FXR agonist nelumal A suppresses colitis and inflammation-related colorectal carcinogenesis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:492. [PMID: 33436792 PMCID: PMC7804240 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79916-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
FXR is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily and bile acids are endogenous ligands of FXR. FXR activation has recently been reported to inhibit intestinal inflammation and tumour development. This study aimed to investigate whether the novel FXR agonist nelumal A, the active compound of the plant Ligularia nelumbifolia, can prevent colitis and colorectal carcinogenesis. In a mouse colitis model, dextran sodium sulfate-induced colonic mucosal ulcer and the inflammation grade in the colon significantly reduced in mice fed diets containing nelumal A. In an azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate-induced mouse inflammation-related colorectal carcinogenesis model, the mice showed decreased incidence of colonic mucosal ulcers and adenocarcinomas in nelumal A-treated group. Administration of nelumal A also induced tight junctions, antioxidant enzymes, and FXR target gene expression in the intestine, while it decreased the gene expression of bile acid synthesis in the liver. These findings suggest that nelumal A effectively attenuates colonic inflammation and suppresses colitis-related carcinogenesis, presumably through reduction of bile acid synthesis and oxidative damage. This agent may be potentially useful for treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases as well as their related colorectal cancer chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuneyuki Miyazaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Yohei Shirakami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Taku Mizutani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Akinori Maruta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Takayasu Ideta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Masaya Kubota
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sakai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Takashi Ibuka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Salvatore Genovese
- Department of Pharmacy, D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti Scalo, Italy
| | - Serena Fiorito
- Department of Pharmacy, D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti Scalo, Italy
| | - Vito Alessandro Taddeo
- Department of Pharmacy, D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti Scalo, Italy
| | - Francesco Epifano
- Department of Pharmacy, D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti Scalo, Italy
| | - Takuji Tanaka
- Department of Pathological Diagnosis, Gifu Municipal Hospital, Gifu, 500-8513, Japan
| | - Masahito Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
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50
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Modifying Effects of Physical Processes on Starch and Dietary Fiber Content of Foodstuffs. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates are one of the most important nutrients in human consumption. The digestible part of carbohydrates has a significant role in maintaining the energy status of the body and the non-digestible parts like dietary fibers have specific nutritional functions. One of the key issues of food processing is how to influence the technological and nutritional properties of carbohydrates to meet modern dietary requirements more effectively, considering particularly the trends in the behavior of people and food-related health issues. Physical processing methods have several advantages compared to the chemical methods, where chemical reagents, such as acids or enzymes, are used for the modification of components. Furthermore, in most cases, these is no need to apply them supplementarily in the technology, only a moderate modification of current technology can result in significant changes in dietary properties. This review summarizes the novel results about the nutritional and technological effects of physical food processing influencing the starch and dietary fiber content of plant-derived foodstuffs.
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