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Wang D, Jabile MJT, Lu J, Townsend LK, Valvano CM, Gautam J, Batchuluun B, Tsakiridis EE, Lally JS, Steinberg GR. Fatty Acids Increase GDF15 and Reduce Food Intake Through a GFRAL Signaling Axis. Diabetes 2024; 73:51-56. [PMID: 37847913 PMCID: PMC10784653 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to the well-defined biological feedback loops controlling glucose, the mechanisms by which the body responds to changes in fatty acid availability are less clearly defined. Growth differentiating factor 15 (GDF15) suppresses the consumption of diets high in fat but is paradoxically increased in obese mice fed a high-fat diet. Given this interrelationship, we investigated whether diets high in fat could directly increase GDF15 independently of obesity. We found that fatty acids increase GDF15 levels dose dependently, with the greatest response observed with linolenic acid. GDF15 mRNA expression was modestly increased in the gastrointestinal tract; however, kidney GDF15 mRNA was ∼1,000-fold higher and was increased by more than threefold, with subsequent RNAscope analysis showing elevated expression within the cortex and outer medulla. Treatment of wild-type mice with linolenic acid reduced food intake and body mass; however, this effect disappeared in mice lacking the GDF15 receptor GFRAL. An equal caloric load of glucose did not suppress food intake or reduce body mass in either wild-type or GFRAL-knockout mice. These data indicate that fatty acids such as linolenic acid increase GDF15 and suppress food intake through a mechanism requiring GFRAL. These data suggest that a primary physiological function of GDF15 may be as a fatty acid sensor designed to protect cells from fatty acid overload. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS The mechanisms by which the body responds to changes in fatty acid availability are less clearly defined. We investigated whether diets high in fat could directly increase growth differentiating factor 15 (GDF15) independently of obesity. Fatty acids increase GDF15 and reduce food intake through a GFRAL signaling axis. GDF15 is a sensor of fatty acids that may have important implications for explaining increased satiety after consumption of diets high in fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wang
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Joy Therese Jabile
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Junfeng Lu
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Logan K. Townsend
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Celina M. Valvano
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jaya Gautam
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Battsetseg Batchuluun
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Evangelia E. Tsakiridis
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - James S.V. Lally
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregory R. Steinberg
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Di Pastena F, Pond G, Ahmadi E, Tsakiridis EE, Steinberg GR, Tsakiridis T. Circulating Growth Differentiation Factor 15 as a Biomarker in Patients with Unresected Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Chemo-Radiotherapy with or without Metformin. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e14-e15. [PMID: 37784711 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a member of the TGFβ family suggested to have prognostic value in cancer. Plasma GDF15 levels are elevated in humans during cellular stress, chronic diseases, and cancer and in response to cytotoxic (chemotherapy and radiation) or metabolic (metformin) therapies. Currently, the effect of combined metformin and cytotoxic treatment on circulating GDF15 is not known, and it is unclear whether GDF15 can serve as a biomarker in patients receiving such therapy. To examine this question, we analyzed circulating GDF15 levels in stage IIIA or IIIB NSCLC patients that participated in the randomized phase II clinical trial OCOG-ALMERA (NCT02115464). MATERIALS/METHODS In OCOG-ALMERA patients were randomized to treatment with concurrent platinum-based chemotherapy and chest radiotherapy (60-66 Gy), with or without consolidation chemotherapy (CRT) or the same treatment plus metformin (2000mg/d). Dosimetric parameters and survival outcomes were collected by the trial. EDTA Plasma was collected from patients at baseline, 2 weeks into CRT treatment, at completion of CRT and 6 months after treatment initiation and assayed for GDF15 using an ELISA method. Statistical analyses were conducted to explore potential associations between plasma GDF15 with survival and dosimetric parameters. RESULTS Fifteen patients from the metformin arm and 18 from the control arms provided EDTA plasma for this analysis. Average baseline GDF15 levels for all participants were elevated compared to those reported for healthy individuals. Baseline plasma GDF15 was statistically prognostic for RFS and OS (hazard ratio = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.06 to 1.34, p = 0.005). GDF15 levels increased during CRT treatment reaching the highest value at the end of cytotoxic therapy. Addition of metformin to CRT treatment was associated with further increase in circulating GDF15 (p<0.001). Plasma GDF15 levels at 2 weeks of CRT were positively correlated with size of the radiotherapy clinical target volume and volumes of esophagus and heart receiving high dose radiotherapy. CONCLUSION This work suggests that GDF15 may be a promising prognostic marker to predict response to standard chemoradiation therapy in NSCLC. Future studies should aim to validate these results in larger datasets and examine whether GDF15 may have value as early biomarker of radiation toxicity in lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - G Pond
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - E Ahmadi
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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3
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Desjardins EM, Wu J, Lavoie DCT, Ahmadi E, Townsend LK, Morrow MR, Wang D, Tsakiridis EE, Batchuluun B, Fayyazi R, Kwiecien JM, Tsakiridis T, Lally JSV, Paré G, Pinkosky SL, Steinberg GR. Combination of an ACLY inhibitor with a GLP-1R agonist exerts additive benefits on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatic fibrosis in mice. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101193. [PMID: 37729871 PMCID: PMC10518624 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Increased liver de novo lipogenesis (DNL) is a hallmark of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). A key enzyme controlling DNL upregulated in NASH is ATP citrate lyase (ACLY). In mice, inhibition of ACLY reduces liver steatosis, ballooning, and fibrosis and inhibits activation of hepatic stellate cells. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists lower body mass, insulin resistance, and steatosis without improving fibrosis. Here, we find that combining an inhibitor of liver ACLY, bempedoic acid, and the GLP-1R agonist liraglutide reduces liver steatosis, hepatocellular ballooning, and hepatic fibrosis in a mouse model of NASH. Liver RNA analyses revealed additive downregulation of pathways that are predictive of NASH resolution, reductions in the expression of prognostically significant genes compared with clinical NASH samples, and a predicted gene signature profile that supports fibrosis resolution. These findings support further investigation of this combinatorial therapy to treat obesity, insulin resistance, hypercholesterolemia, steatohepatitis, and fibrosis in people with NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Desjardins
- Centre for Metabolism Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Jianhan Wu
- Centre for Metabolism Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8L 2X2, Canada
| | - Declan C T Lavoie
- Centre for Metabolism Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Elham Ahmadi
- Centre for Metabolism Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Logan K Townsend
- Centre for Metabolism Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Marisa R Morrow
- Centre for Metabolism Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Centre for Metabolism Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Evangelia E Tsakiridis
- Centre for Metabolism Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Battsetseg Batchuluun
- Centre for Metabolism Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Russta Fayyazi
- Centre for Metabolism Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Jacek M Kwiecien
- Department of Pathology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Theodoros Tsakiridis
- Centre for Metabolism Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - James S V Lally
- Centre for Metabolism Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Guillaume Paré
- Centre for Metabolism Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8L 2X2, Canada; Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8L 2X2, Canada
| | | | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Centre for Metabolism Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8L 2X2, Canada.
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4
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Ali A, Mekhaeil B, Biziotis OD, Tsakiridis EE, Ahmadi E, Wu J, Wang S, Singh K, Menjolian G, Farrell T, Mesci A, Liu S, Berg T, Bramson JL, Steinberg GR, Tsakiridis T. The SGLT2 inhibitor canagliflozin suppresses growth and enhances prostate cancer response to radiotherapy. Commun Biol 2023; 6:919. [PMID: 37684337 PMCID: PMC10491589 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05289-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a non-invasive standard treatment for prostate cancer (PC). However, PC develops radio-resistance, highlighting a need for agents to improve radiotherapy response. Canagliflozin, an inhibitor of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2, is approved for use in diabetes and heart failure, but is also shown to inhibit PC growth. However, whether canagliflozin can improve radiotherapy response in PC remains unknown. Here, we show that well-tolerated doses of canagliflozin suppress proliferation and survival of androgen-sensitive and insensitive human PC cells and tumors and sensitize them to radiotherapy. Canagliflozin blocks mitochondrial respiration, promotes AMPK activity, inhibits the MAPK and mTOR-p70S6k/4EBP1 pathways, activates cell cycle checkpoints, and inhibits proliferation in part through HIF-1α suppression. Canagliflozin mediates transcriptional reprogramming of several metabolic and survival pathways known to be regulated by ETS and E2F family transcription factors. Genes downregulated by canagliflozin are associated with poor PC prognosis. This study lays the groundwork for clinical investigation of canagliflozin in PC prevention and treatment in combination with radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Ali
- Departments of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Bassem Mekhaeil
- Departments of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Olga-Demetra Biziotis
- Departments of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Evangelia E Tsakiridis
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Departments of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Elham Ahmadi
- Departments of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jianhan Wu
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Departments of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Simon Wang
- Departments of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kanwaldeep Singh
- Departments of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Gabe Menjolian
- Department of Radiotherapy, Juravinski Cancer Center, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas Farrell
- Department of Physics, Juravinski Cancer Center, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aruz Mesci
- Departments of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Juravinski Cancer Center, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Stanley Liu
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tobias Berg
- Departments of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan L Bramson
- Departments of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Departments of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Theodoros Tsakiridis
- Departments of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Juravinski Cancer Center, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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5
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Wang D, Townsend LK, DesOrmeaux GJ, Frangos SM, Batchuluun B, Dumont L, Kuhre RE, Ahmadi E, Hu S, Rebalka IA, Gautam J, Jabile MJT, Pileggi CA, Rehal S, Desjardins EM, Tsakiridis EE, Lally JSV, Juracic ES, Tupling AR, Gerstein HC, Paré G, Tsakiridis T, Harper ME, Hawke TJ, Speakman JR, Blondin DP, Holloway GP, Jørgensen SB, Steinberg GR. GDF15 promotes weight loss by enhancing energy expenditure in muscle. Nature 2023; 619:143-150. [PMID: 37380764 PMCID: PMC10322716 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06249-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Caloric restriction that promotes weight loss is an effective strategy for treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and improving insulin sensitivity in people with type 2 diabetes1. Despite its effectiveness, in most individuals, weight loss is usually not maintained partly due to physiological adaptations that suppress energy expenditure, a process known as adaptive thermogenesis, the mechanistic underpinnings of which are unclear2,3. Treatment of rodents fed a high-fat diet with recombinant growth differentiating factor 15 (GDF15) reduces obesity and improves glycaemic control through glial-cell-derived neurotrophic factor family receptor α-like (GFRAL)-dependent suppression of food intake4-7. Here we find that, in addition to suppressing appetite, GDF15 counteracts compensatory reductions in energy expenditure, eliciting greater weight loss and reductions in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) compared to caloric restriction alone. This effect of GDF15 to maintain energy expenditure during calorie restriction requires a GFRAL-β-adrenergic-dependent signalling axis that increases fatty acid oxidation and calcium futile cycling in the skeletal muscle of mice. These data indicate that therapeutic targeting of the GDF15-GFRAL pathway may be useful for maintaining energy expenditure in skeletal muscle during caloric restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wang
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Logan K Townsend
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geneviève J DesOrmeaux
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sara M Frangos
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Battsetseg Batchuluun
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauralyne Dumont
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rune Ehrenreich Kuhre
- Global Obesity and Liver Disease Research, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk, Maaloev, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elham Ahmadi
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sumei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Irena A Rebalka
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jaya Gautam
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Joy Therese Jabile
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chantal A Pileggi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sonia Rehal
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric M Desjardins
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Evangelia E Tsakiridis
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - James S V Lally
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emma Sara Juracic
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Russell Tupling
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hertzel C Gerstein
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guillaume Paré
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Theodoros Tsakiridis
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas J Hawke
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - John R Speakman
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics (CCEAEG), Kunming, China
| | - Denis P Blondin
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Graham P Holloway
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sebastian Beck Jørgensen
- Global Obesity and Liver Disease Research, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk, Maaloev, Denmark
- Bio Innovation Hub Transformational Research Unit, Novo Nordisk, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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6
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Tsakiridis EE, Morrow MR, Desjardins EM, Wang D, Llanos A, Wang B, Wade MG, Morrison KM, Holloway AC, Steinberg GR. Effects of the pesticide deltamethrin on high fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in male mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 176:113763. [PMID: 37030334 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, rates of metabolic diseases are rapidly increasing and environmental exposure to pesticides, pollutants and/or other chemicals may play a role. Reductions in Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT) thermogenesis, mediated in part by uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1), are associated with metabolic diseases. In the current study, we investigated whether the pesticide deltamethrin (0.01-1 mg/kg bw/day) incorporated into a high-fat diet and fed to mice housed at either room temperature (21 °C) or thermoneutrality (29 °C) would suppress BAT activity and accelerate the development of metabolic disease. Importantly, thermoneutrality allows for more accurate modeling of human metabolic disease. We found that, 0.01mg/kg bw/day of deltamethrin induced weight loss, improved insulin sensitivity and increased energy expenditure, effects that were associated with increases in physical activity. In contrast, exposure to 0.1 and 1 mg/kg bw/day deltamethrin had no effect on any of the parameters examined. Deltamethrin treatment in mice did not alter molecular markers of BAT thermogenesis, despite observing suppression of UCP1 expression in cultured brown adipocytes. These data indicate that while deltamethrin inhibits UCP1 expression in vitro, 16wks exposure does not alter BAT thermogenesis markers nor exacerbates the development of obesity and insulin resistance in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia E Tsakiridis
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Marisa R Morrow
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Eric M Desjardins
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea Llanos
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Bo Wang
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Michael G Wade
- Environmental Health Science & Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Katherine M Morrison
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Alison C Holloway
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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7
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Broadfield LA, Saigal A, Szamosi JC, Hammill JA, Bezverbnaya K, Wang D, Gautam J, Tsakiridis EE, Di Pastena F, McNicol J, Wu J, Syed S, Lally JSV, Raphenya AR, Blouin MJ, Pollak M, Sacconi A, Blandino G, McArthur AG, Schertzer JD, Surette MG, Collins SM, Bramson JL, Muti P, Tsakiridis T, Steinberg GR. Metformin-induced reductions in tumor growth involves modulation of the gut microbiome. Mol Metab 2022; 61:101498. [PMID: 35452877 PMCID: PMC9096669 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Purpose Type 2 diabetes and obesity increase the risk of developing colorectal cancer. Metformin may reduce colorectal cancer but the mechanisms mediating this effect remain unclear. In mice and humans, a high-fat diet (HFD), obesity and metformin are known to alter the gut microbiome but whether this is important for influencing tumor growth is not known. Methods Mice with syngeneic MC38 colon adenocarcinomas were treated with metformin or feces obtained from control or metformin treated mice. Results We find that compared to chow-fed controls, tumor growth is increased when mice are fed a HFD and that this acceleration of tumor growth can be partially recapitulated through transfer of the fecal microbiome or in vitro treatment of cells with fecal filtrates from HFD-fed animals. Treatment of HFD-fed mice with orally ingested, but not intraperitoneally injected, metformin suppresses tumor growth and increases the expression of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing microbes Alistipes, Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae. The transfer of the gut microbiome from mice treated orally with metformin to drug naïve, conventionalized HFD-fed mice increases circulating propionate and butyrate, reduces tumor proliferation, and suppresses the expression of sterol response element binding protein (SREBP) gene targets in the tumor. Conclusion These data indicate that in obese mice fed a HFD, metformin reduces tumor burden through changes in the gut microbiome. Oral but not intraperitoneal injection of metformin is associated with changes in the gut microbiome and reductions in MC38 tumor cell growth in mice fed a high-fat diet. Transferring feces from mice treated with oral metformin into metformin naïve mice inhibits tumor growth independently of changes in body mass, blood glucose or serum insulin. Metformin fecal transfers to metformin naïve mice leads to increased abundance of short chain fatty acid producing microbes. Metformin fecal transfers reprogram tumor metabolism reducing the expression of SREBP and cholesterol synthesis genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A Broadfield
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Amna Saigal
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jake C Szamosi
- Farncombe Family Digestive Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Joanne A Hammill
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ksenia Bezverbnaya
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jaya Gautam
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Evangelia E Tsakiridis
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Fiorella Di Pastena
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jamie McNicol
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jianhan Wu
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Saad Syed
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Farncombe Family Digestive Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - James S V Lally
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Amogelang R Raphenya
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Marie-Jose Blouin
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Michael Pollak
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Andrea Sacconi
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Italian National Cancer Institute "Regina Elena", Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Italian National Cancer Institute "Regina Elena", Rome, Italy
| | - Andrew G McArthur
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Schertzer
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Farncombe Family Digestive Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Michael G Surette
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Farncombe Family Digestive Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen M Collins
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Farncombe Family Digestive Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan L Bramson
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Paola Muti
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Theodoros Tsakiridis
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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8
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Tsakiridis EE, Broadfield L, Marcinko K, Biziotis OD, Ali A, Mekhaeil B, Ahmadi E, Singh K, Mesci A, Zacharidis PG, Anagnostopoulos AE, Berg T, Muti P, Steinberg GR, Tsakiridis T. Combined metformin-salicylate treatment provides improved anti-tumor activity and enhanced radiotherapy response in prostate cancer; drug synergy at clinically relevant doses. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101209. [PMID: 34479029 PMCID: PMC8411238 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined metformin + salicylate treatment has improved anti-tumor efficacy in prostate cancer. At clinically achievable doses, it induces increased metabolic stress and sensitizes tumors to radiation. Metformin + salicylate blocks pathways of de novo lipogenesis and protein synthesis. In combination with radiation suppresses HIF1a and DNA replication. This work supports clinical investigation of metformin + salicylate in combination with radiotherapy.
Background There is need for well-tolerated therapies for prostate cancer (PrCa) secondary prevention and to improve response to radiotherapy (RT). The anti-diabetic agent metformin (MET) and the aspirin metabolite salicylate (SAL) are shown to activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), suppress de novo lipogenesis (DNL), the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and reduce PrCa proliferation in-vitro. The purpose of this study was to examine whether combined MET+SAL treatment could provide enhanced PrCa tumor suppression and improve response to RT. Methods Androgen-sensitive (22RV1) and resistant (PC3, DU-145) PrCa cells and PC3 xenografts were used to examine whether combined treatment with MET+SAL can provide improved anti-tumor activity compared to each agent alone in non-irradiated and irradiated PrCa cells and tumors. Mechanisms of action were investigated with analysis of signaling events, mitochondria respiration and DNL activity assays. Results We observed that PrCa cells are resistant to clinically relevant doses of MET. Combined MET + SAL treatment provides synergistic anti-proliferative activity at clinically relevant doses and enhances the anti-proliferative effects of RT. This was associated with suppression of oxygen consumption rate (OCR), activation of AMPK, suppression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)-DNL and mTOR-p70s6k/4EBP1 and HIF1α pathways. MET + SAL reduced tumor growth in non-irradiated tumors and enhanced the effects of RT. Conclusion MET+SAL treatment suppresses PrCa cell proliferation and tumor growth and enhances responses to RT at clinically relevant doses. Since MET and SAL are safe, widely-used and inexpensive agents, these data support the investigation of MET+SAL in PrCa clinical trials alone and in combination with RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia E Tsakiridis
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lindsay Broadfield
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katarina Marcinko
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olga-Demetra Biziotis
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amr Ali
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bassem Mekhaeil
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elham Ahmadi
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kanwaldeep Singh
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aruz Mesci
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Juravinski Cancer Center, 699 Concession Street, Hamilton, Ontario L8V 5C2, Canada
| | - Panayiotis G Zacharidis
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexander E Anagnostopoulos
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tobias Berg
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paola Muti
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Theodoros Tsakiridis
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, Juravinski Cancer Center, 699 Concession Street, Hamilton, Ontario L8V 5C2, Canada.
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9
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Wang B, Tsakiridis EE, Zhang S, Llanos A, Desjardins EM, Yabut JM, Green AE, Day EA, Smith BK, Lally JSV, Wu J, Raphenya AR, Srinivasan KA, McArthur AG, Kajimura S, Patel JS, Wade MG, Morrison KM, Holloway AC, Steinberg GR. The pesticide chlorpyrifos promotes obesity by inhibiting diet-induced thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5163. [PMID: 34453052 PMCID: PMC8397754 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25384-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity results from a caloric imbalance between energy intake, absorption and expenditure. In both rodents and humans, diet-induced thermogenesis contributes to energy expenditure and involves the activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT). We hypothesize that environmental toxicants commonly used as food additives or pesticides might reduce BAT thermogenesis through suppression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and this may contribute to the development of obesity. Using a step-wise screening approach, we discover that the organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos suppresses UCP1 and mitochondrial respiration in BAT at concentrations as low as 1 pM. In mice housed at thermoneutrality and fed a high-fat diet, chlorpyrifos impairs BAT mitochondrial function and diet-induced thermogenesis, promoting greater obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and insulin resistance. This is associated with reductions in cAMP; activation of p38MAPK and AMPK; protein kinases critical for maintaining UCP1 and mitophagy, respectively in BAT. These data indicate that the commonly used pesticide chlorpyrifos, suppresses diet-induced thermogenesis and the activation of BAT, suggesting its use may contribute to the obesity epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Evangelia E Tsakiridis
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Shuman Zhang
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea Llanos
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Eric M Desjardins
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Julian M Yabut
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Alexander E Green
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Emily A Day
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Brennan K Smith
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - James S V Lally
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jianhan Wu
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Amogelang R Raphenya
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Krishna A Srinivasan
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew G McArthur
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Shingo Kajimura
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jagdish Suresh Patel
- Institute for Modeling Collaboration and Innovation, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Michael G Wade
- Environmental Health Science & Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Katherine M Morrison
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Alison C Holloway
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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10
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Wang B, Zhang S, Llanos A, Tsakiridis EE, Desjardins EM, Yabut JM, Green AE, Day EA, Smith BK, Lally JSV, Raphenya AR, Srinivasan KA, McArthur AG, Kajimura S, Patel JS, Wade MG, Morrison KM, Holloway A, Steinberg GR. The Pesticide Chlorpyrifos Promotes Obesity by Inhibiting Diet-Induced Thermogenesis. J Endocr Soc 2021. [PMCID: PMC8089911 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvab048.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cardiovascular disease that arises from a caloric surplus of as little as 10–30 kcal per day. And while increased consumption of energy dense foods and reduced physical activity are commonly thought to be the major contributors to this caloric imbalance, diet-induced thermogenesis is a quantitatively important component of the energy balance equation. In adult humans, recent studies have indicated that diet-induced thermogenesis requires the activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT), however, the determinants regulating this process and why they may differ between individuals are not fully understood. We hypothesized that environmental toxicants commonly used as food additives or pesticides might reduce diet-induced thermogenesis through suppression of uncoupling protein 1, the defining protein of human BAT thermogenesis. Through a screening approach of pesticides/toxicants chosen from the Toxcast chem Library, we discovered that the organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos potently suppressed the expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and mitochondrial respiration in brown adipocytes at concentrations as low as 1 pM. Chloropyrifos-induced suppression of brown adipocyte thermogenesis was also observed in mice fed a diet high in fat and housed at thermoneutrality where it promoted greater obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance. Reductions in thermogenesis by chlorpyrifos were associated with impaired activation of the β3-adrenergic receptor and protein kinases critical for regulating UCP1 and mitophagy. These data indicate that the commonly used pesticide chlorpyrifos, at doses found within the food supply, suppresses the activation of brown adipose tissue, suggesting that its use may contribute to the obesity epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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