1
|
Lazaro CM, Freitas IN, Nunes VS, Guizoni DM, Victorio JA, Oliveira HCF, Davel AP. Sex-Specific Effects of Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein (CETP) on the Perivascular Adipose Tissue. FUNCTION 2024; 5:zqae024. [PMID: 38984977 PMCID: PMC11237897 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqae024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) increases the atherosclerosis risk by lowering HDL-cholesterol levels. It also exhibits tissue-specific effects independent of HDL. However, sexual dimorphism of CETP effects remains largely unexplored. Here, we hypothesized that CETP impacts the perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) phenotype and function in a sex-specific manner. PVAT function, gene and protein expression, and morphology were examined in male and female transgenic mice expressing human or simian CETP and their non-transgenic counterparts (NTg). PVAT exerted its anticontractile effect in aortas from NTg males, NTg females, and CETP females, but not in CETP males. CETP male PVAT had reduced NO levels, decreased eNOS and phospho-eNOS levels, oxidative stress, increased NOX1 and 2, and decreased SOD2 and 3 expressions. In contrast, CETP-expressing female PVAT displayed increased NO and phospho-eNOS levels with unchanged NOX expression. NOX inhibition and the antioxidant tempol restored PVAT anticontractile function in CETP males. Ex vivo estrogen treatment also restored PVAT function in CETP males. Moreover, CETP males, but not female PVAT, show increased inflammatory markers. PVAT lipid content increased in CETP males but decreased in CETP females, while PVAT cholesterol content increased in CETP females. CETP male PVAT exhibited elevated leptin and reduced Prdm16 (brown adipocyte marker) expression. These findings highlight CETP sex-specific impact on PVAT. In males, CETP impaired PVAT anticontractile function, accompanied by oxidative stress, inflammation, and whitening. Conversely, in females, CETP expression increased NO levels, induced an anti-inflammatory phenotype, and preserved the anticontractile function. This study reveals sex-specific vascular dysfunction mediated by CETP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C M Lazaro
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), CEP 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - I N Freitas
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), CEP 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - V S Nunes
- Laboratório de Lípides (LIM10), Hospital das Clínicas (HCFMUSP) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 01246-903, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - D M Guizoni
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), CEP 13083-864, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - J A Victorio
- Laboratory of Female Vascular Biology, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), CEP 88037-000, Santa Catarina, SC, Brazil
| | - H C F Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), CEP 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), CEP 13083-864, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - A P Davel
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), CEP 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), CEP 13083-864, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jüttner AA, Ataei Ataabadi E, Golshiri K, de Vries R, Garrelds IM, Danser AHJ, Visser JA, Roks AJM. Adiponectin secretion by perivascular adipose tissue supports impaired vasodilation in a mouse model of accelerated vascular smooth muscle cell and adipose tissue aging. Vascul Pharmacol 2024; 154:107281. [PMID: 38320678 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2024.107281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) function during aging has not been investigated in detail so far and its effect on vasodilation remains to be fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate endothelium-dependent vasodilation of thoracic aorta in a mouse model of accelerated, selective vascular smooth muscle and PVAT aging, induced by SM22α-Cre-driven genetic deletion of the endonuclease ERCC1 (SMC-KO mice) versus healthy littermates (LM). We hypothesized that PVAT enhances vasodilation in LM, possibly through adiponectin secretion, which might be compromised in SMC-KO animals. METHODS Thoracic aorta was isolated from SMC-KO animals and LM and segments with and without PVAT were mounted in wire myography setups. The endothelium-dependent vasodilation was assessed via acetylcholine dose-response curves and pathway contribution was studied. Moreover, adiponectin secretion was measured after stimulating the aortic segments with PVAT with acetylcholine. RESULTS Adiponectin, secreted by PVAT, led to increased NO-contribution to endothelium-dependent vasodilation in healthy LM, although this did not increase maximum relaxation due to loss of EDH. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation was decreased in SMC-KO animals due to reduced NO-contribution and complete EDH loss. Despite strong lipodystrophy the PVAT partially compensated for lost vasodilation in SMC-KO. LM PVAT contained acetylcholinesterase that attenuated acetylcholine responses. This was lost in SMC-KO. CONCLUSIONS PVAT-derived adiponectin is able to partially compensate for age-related decline in NO-mediated vasodilation, even during strong lipodystrophy, in conditions of absence of compensating EDH. In aorta with healthy PVAT acetylcholinesterase modulates vascular tone, but this is lost during aging, further compensating for decreased acetylcholine responsiveness. Thus, preservation of adiponectin levels, through relatively increased production in lipodystrophic PVAT, and reduction of cholinesterase might be regulatory mechanisms of the PVAT to preserve cholinergic vasodilation during aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A A Jüttner
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - E Ataei Ataabadi
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - K Golshiri
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - R de Vries
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - I M Garrelds
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - A H J Danser
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - J A Visser
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - A J M Roks
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Agabiti-Rosei C, Saxton SN, De Ciuceis C, Lorenza Muiesan M, Rizzoni D, Agabiti Rosei E, Heagerty AM. Influence of Perivascular Adipose Tissue on Microcirculation: A Link Between Hypertension and Obesity. Hypertension 2024; 81:24-33. [PMID: 37937425 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.19437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in microcirculation play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders such as obesity and hypertension. The small resistance arteries of these patients show a typical remodeling, as indicated by an increase of media or total wall thickness to lumen diameter ratio that impairs organ flow reserve. The majority of blood vessels are surrounded by a fat depot which is termed perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT). In recent years, data from several studies have indicated that PVAT is an endocrine organ that can produce a variety of adipokines and cytokines, which may participate in the regulation of vascular tone, and the secretory profile varies with adipocyte phenotype and disease status. The PVAT of lean humans largely secretes the vasodilator adiponectin, which will act in a paracrine fashion to reduce peripheral resistance and improve nutrient uptake into tissues, thereby protecting against the development of hypertension and diabetes. In obesity, PVAT becomes enlarged and inflamed, and the bioavailability of adiponectin is reduced. The inevitable consequence is a rise in peripheral resistance with higher blood pressure. The interrelationship between obesity and hypertension could be explained, at least in part, by a cross-talk between microcirculation and PVAT. In this article, we propose an integrated pathophysiological approach of this relationship, in order to better clarify its role in obesity and hypertension, as the basis for effective and specific prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Agabiti-Rosei
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy (C.A.-R., C.D.C., M.L.M., D.R., E.A.R.)
- UOC 2 Medicina, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Italy (C.A.R., C.D.C, M.L.M.)
| | - Sophie N Saxton
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, Core Technology Facility, United Kingdom (S.N.S., A.M.H.)
| | - Carolina De Ciuceis
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy (C.A.-R., C.D.C., M.L.M., D.R., E.A.R.)
- UOC 2 Medicina, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Italy (C.A.R., C.D.C, M.L.M.)
| | - Maria Lorenza Muiesan
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy (C.A.-R., C.D.C., M.L.M., D.R., E.A.R.)
- UOC 2 Medicina, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Italy (C.A.R., C.D.C, M.L.M.)
| | - Damiano Rizzoni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy (C.A.-R., C.D.C., M.L.M., D.R., E.A.R.)
| | - Enrico Agabiti Rosei
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy (C.A.-R., C.D.C., M.L.M., D.R., E.A.R.)
| | - Anthony M Heagerty
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, Core Technology Facility, United Kingdom (S.N.S., A.M.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wei JH, Qi H, Zhou Y, Hou HT, He GW, Yang Q. Homocysteine impairs the anticontractile/vasorelaxing activity of perivascular adipose tissue surrounding human internal mammary artery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2023; 64:ezad406. [PMID: 38070151 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezad406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) surrounding human internal mammary artery (IMA) possesses anticontractile property. Its function under pathological conditions is barely studied. We previously reported that homocysteine impairs the vasodilator function of IMA through endothelium and smooth muscle-dependent mechanisms. This study investigated the effect of homocysteine on the function of PVAT and the associated mechanisms. METHODS Residual IMA tissues were collected from patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Vasoreactivity was studied using myograph. Adiponectin was measured by ELISA. Expressions of adiponectin receptors (AdipoRs), eNOS and p-eNOS were determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot. RESULTS Exposure to homocysteine augmented the contractile responses of PVAT-intact IMA to U46619 and potassium chloride, regardless with or without endothelium. Such augmentation was also observed in skeletonized IMA with transferred, homocysteine-exposed PVAT. Homocysteine attenuated the relaxant response of PVAT-intact while endothelium-denuded vessels to acetylcholine. Homocysteine lowered adiponectin content in the PVAT, downregulated the expression of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 as well as eNOS and p-eNOS in skeletonized IMA. The relaxant response of skeletonized IMA to AdipoR agonist AdipoRon was blunted by homocysteine or eNOS inhibitor, and homocysteine significantly attenuated the inhibitory effect of eNOS inhibitor on AdipoRon-induced relaxation. CONCLUSIONS Homocysteine impairs the anticontractile/vasorelaxing activity of PVAT surrounding the IMA through inhibiting adiponectin/AdipoR/eNOS/nitric oxide signalling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Wei
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College & Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Cardiovascular Diseases and Translational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hang Qi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College & Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Cardiovascular Diseases and Translational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College & Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Cardiovascular Diseases and Translational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hai-Tao Hou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College & Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Cardiovascular Diseases and Translational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guo-Wei He
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College & Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Cardiovascular Diseases and Translational Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Qin Yang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College & Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Cardiovascular Diseases and Translational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Valentini A, Cardillo C, Della Morte D, Tesauro M. The Role of Perivascular Adipose Tissue in the Pathogenesis of Endothelial Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Diseases and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3006. [PMID: 38002006 PMCID: PMC10669084 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11113006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are two of the four major chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) representing the leading cause of death worldwide. Several studies demonstrate that endothelial dysfunction (ED) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of these chronic diseases. Although it is well known that systemic chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are primarily involved in the development of ED, recent studies have shown that perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is implicated in its pathogenesis, also contributing to the progression of atherosclerosis and to insulin resistance (IR). In this review, we describe the relationship between PVAT and ED, and we also analyse the role of PVAT in the pathogenesis of CVDs and T2DM, further assessing its potential therapeutic target with the aim of restoring normal ED and reducing global cardiovascular risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Valentini
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.V.); (D.D.M.)
| | - Carmine Cardillo
- Department of Aging, Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy;
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - David Della Morte
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.V.); (D.D.M.)
| | - Manfredi Tesauro
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.V.); (D.D.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zuo X, Liu L, Liu K, Zhang X, Ye R, Yang C, Ma J, Jia S, Yang X, Liu X, Sun L, Huo X, Chen X. Proximal aorta dilatation in hypertension. J Hypertens 2023; 41:1511-1520. [PMID: 37642588 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Dilation of the proximal aorta is a common clinical manifestation in hypertensive patients. Although it is straightforward to link hypertension with proximal aortic dilation, previous studies on their interrelation have yielded controversial results. Cross-sectional design, methodology of blood pressure assessment, confounding factors like medications, and inconsistent reference values may lead to the paradoxical conclusions. Recently, advances have been made in the exploration of determinants and clinical value of proximal aortic dilatation. Thus, we reviewed these findings and summarized that aortic dilatation may be the consequence of hemodynamic and nonhemodynamic co-factors' combined action. Moreover, proximal aortic dilatation tends to be a predictor for aortic aneurysm dissection or rupture, hypertensive target organ damage as well as cardiovascular events. The present review contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the pathological process of proximal aortic dilatation in hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianghao Zuo
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rizzoni D, Agabiti-Rosei C, Boari GEM, Muiesan ML, De Ciuceis C. Microcirculation in Hypertension: A Therapeutic Target to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease? J Clin Med 2023; 12:4892. [PMID: 37568294 PMCID: PMC10419740 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12154892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial hypertension is a common condition worldwide and an important risk factor for cardio- and cerebrovascular events, renal diseases, as well as microvascular eye diseases. Established hypertension leads to the chronic vasoconstriction of small arteries as well as to a decreased lumen diameter and the thickening of the arterial media or wall with a consequent increased media-to-lumen ratio (MLR) or wall-to-lumen ratio (WLR). This process, defined as vascular remodeling, was firstly demonstrated in small resistance arteries isolated from subcutaneous biopsies and measured by micromyography, and this is still considered the gold-standard method for the assessment of structural alterations in small resistance arteries; however, microvascular remodeling seems to represent a generalized phenomenon. An increased MLR may impair the organ flow reserve, playing a crucial role in the maintenance and, probably, also in the progressive worsening of hypertensive disease, as well as in the development of hypertension-mediated organ damage and related cardiovascular events, thus possessing a relevant prognostic relevance. New non-invasive techniques, such as scanning laser Doppler flowmetry or adaptive optics, are presently under development, focusing mainly on the evaluation of WLR in retinal arterioles; recently, also retinal microvascular WLR was demonstrated to have a prognostic impact in terms of cardio- and cerebrovascular events. A rarefaction of the capillary network has also been reported in hypertension, which may contribute to flow reduction in and impairment of oxygen delivery to different tissues. These microvascular alterations seem to represent an early step in hypertension-mediated organ damage since they might contribute to microvascular angina, stroke, and renal dysfunction. In addition, they can be markers useful in monitoring the beneficial effects of antihypertensive treatment. Additionally, conductance arteries may be affected by a remodeling process in hypertension, and an interrelationship is present in the structural changes in small and large conductance arteries. The review addresses the possible relations between structural microvascular alterations and hypertension-mediated organ damage, and their potential improvement with antihypertensive treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Rizzoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy; (C.A.-R.); (M.L.M.); (C.D.C.)
| | - Claudia Agabiti-Rosei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy; (C.A.-R.); (M.L.M.); (C.D.C.)
- Second Division of Medicine, Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Gianluca E. M. Boari
- Division of Medicine, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Montichiari, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Maria Lorenza Muiesan
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy; (C.A.-R.); (M.L.M.); (C.D.C.)
- Second Division of Medicine, Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Carolina De Ciuceis
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy; (C.A.-R.); (M.L.M.); (C.D.C.)
- Second Division of Medicine, Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tuttle T, Darios E, Watts SW, Roccabianca S. Aortic stiffness is lower when perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is included: a novel ex vivo mechanics study. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H1003-H1013. [PMID: 35275760 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00574.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is increasingly recognized as an essential layer of the functional vasculature, being responsible for producing vasoactive substances and assisting arterial stress relaxation. Here we test the hypothesis that PVAT reduces aortic stiffness. Our model was the thoracic aorta of the male Sprague Dawley rat. Uniaxial mechanical tests for three groups of tissue were performed: aorta +PVAT (+PVAT), aorta - PVAT (-PVAT), and isolated PVAT (PVAT only). The output of the mechanical test is reported in the form of a Cauchy stress-stretch curve. This work presents a novel, physiologically relevant approach to measure mechanical stiffness ex vivo in isolated PVAT. Low-stress stiffness (), high-stress stiffness (), and the stress corresponding to a stretch of 1.2 () were measured as metrics of distensibility. The low-stress stiffness was largest in the -PVAT samples and smallest in PVAT only samples. Both the high-stress stiffness and the stress at 1.2 stretch were significantly higher in -PVAT samples when compared to +PVAT samples. Taken together these results suggest that -PVAT samples are stiffer (less distensible) both at low stress (not significant) as well as at high stress (significant) when compared to +PVAT samples. These conclusions are supported by the results of the continuum mechanics material model we also used to interpret the same experimental data. Thus, tissue stiffness is significantly lower when considering PVAT as part of the aortic wall. As such, PVAT should be considered as a target for improving vascular function in diseases with elevated aortic stiffness, including hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Tuttle
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Emma Darios
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Stephanie W Watts
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Sara Roccabianca
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Davis MJ, Scallan JP, Castorena-Gonzalez JA, Kim HJ, Ying LH, Pin YK, Angeli V. Multiple aspects of lymphatic dysfunction in an ApoE -/- mouse model of hypercholesterolemia. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1098408. [PMID: 36685213 PMCID: PMC9852907 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1098408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Rodent models of cardiovascular disease have uncovered various types of lymphatic vessel dysfunction that occur in association with atherosclerosis, type II diabetes and obesity. Previously, we presented in vivo evidence for impaired lymphatic drainage in apolipoprotein E null (ApoE -/- ) mice fed a high fat diet (HFD). Whether this impairment relates to the dysfunction of collecting lymphatics remains an open question. The ApoE -/- mouse is a well-established model of cardiovascular disease, in which a diet rich in fat and cholesterol on an ApoE deficient background accelerates the development of hypercholesteremia, atherosclerotic plaques and inflammation of the skin and other tissues. Here, we investigated various aspects of lymphatic function using ex vivo tests of collecting lymphatic vessels from ApoE +/+ or ApoE -/- mice fed a HFD. Methods: Popliteal collectors were excised from either strain and studied under defined conditions in which we could quantify changes in lymphatic contractile strength, lymph pump output, secondary valve function, and collecting vessel permeability. Results: Our results show that all these aspects of lymphatic vessel function are altered in deleterious ways in this model of hypercholesterolemia. Discussion: These findings extend previous in vivo observations suggesting significant dysfunction of lymphatic endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells from collecting vessels in association with a HFD on an ApoE-deficient background. An implication of our study is that collecting vessel dysfunction in this context may negatively impact the removal of cholesterol by the lymphatic system from the skin and the arterial wall and thereby exacerbate the progression and/or severity of atherosclerosis and associated inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Joshua P Scallan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | | | - Hae Jin Kim
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Lim Hwee Ying
- Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yeo Kim Pin
- Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Veronique Angeli
- Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Miron TR, Flood ED, Tykocki NR, Thompson JM, Watts SW. Identification of Piezo1 channels in perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) and their potential role in vascular function. Pharmacol Res 2022; 175:105995. [PMID: 34818570 PMCID: PMC9301055 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The vasculature constantly experiences distension/pressure exerted by blood flow and responds to maintain homeostasis. We hypothesized that activation of the stretch sensitive, non-selective cation channel Piezo1 would directly increase vascular contraction in a way that might be modified by perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT). The presence and function of Piezo1 was investigated by RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and isolated tissue bath contractility. Superior and mesenteric resistance arteries, aortae, and their PVATs from male Sprague Dawley rats were used. Piezo1 mRNA was detected in aortic vessels, aortic PVAT, mesenteric vessels, and mesenteric PVAT. Both adipocytes and stromal vascular fraction of mesenteric PVAT expressed Piezo1 mRNA. In PVAT, expression of Piezo1 mRNA was greater in magnitude than that of Piezo2, transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 4 (TRPV4), anoctamin 1, calcium activated chloride channel (TMEM16), and Pannexin1 (Panx1). Piezo1 protein was present in endothelium and PVAT of rat aortic and in PVAT of mesenteric artery. The Piezo1 agonists Yoda1 and Jedi2 (1 nM - 10 µM) did not stimulate aortic contraction [max < 10% phenylephrine (PE) 10 µM contraction] or relaxation in tissues + or -PVAT. Depolarizing the aorta by modestly elevated extracellular K+ did not unmask aortic contraction to Yoda1 (max <10% PE 10 µM contraction). Finally, the Piezo1 antagonist Dooku1 did not modify PE-induced aorta contraction + or -PVAT. Surprisingly, Dooku1 directly caused aortic contraction in the absence (Dooku1 =26 ± 11; Vehicle = 11 ± 11%PE contraction) but not in the presence of PVAT (Dooku1 = 2 ± 1; Vehicle = 8 ± 5% PE contraction). Thus, Piezo1 is present and functional in the isolated rat aorta but does not serve direct vascular contraction with or without PVAT. We reaffirmed the isolated mouse aorta relaxation to Yoda1, indicating a species difference in Piezo1 activity between mouse and rat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor R Miron
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Emma D Flood
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Nathan R Tykocki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Janice M Thompson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Stephanie W Watts
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Freitas RAD, Lima VV, Bomfim GF, Giachini FRC. Interleukin-10 in the Vasculature: Pathophysiological Implications. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2021; 20:230-243. [PMID: 34961448 DOI: 10.2174/1570161120666211227143459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an important immunomodulatory cytokine, initially characterized as an anti-inflammatory agent released by immune cells during infectious and inflammatory processes. IL-10 exhibits biological functions that extend to the regulation of different intracellular signaling pathways directly associated with vascular function. This cytokine plays a vital role in vascular tone regulation through the change of important proteins involved in vasoconstriction and vasodilation. Numerous investigations covered here have shown that therapeutic strategies inducing IL-10 result in anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertrophic, antihyperplastic, anti-apoptotic and antihypertensive effects. This non-systematic review summarizes the modulating effects mediated by IL-10 in vascular tissue, particularly on vascular tone, and the intracellular pathway induced by this cytokine. We also highlight the advances in IL-10 manipulation as a therapeutic target in different cardiovascular pathophysiologies, including the physiological implications in animals and humans. Finally, the review illustrates current and potential future perspectives of the potential use of IL-10 in clinical trials, based on the clinical evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor Vitorino Lima
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças - Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Regina Casagrande Giachini
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia - Brazil.
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças - Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Queiroz M, Leandro A, Azul L, Figueirinha A, Seiça R, Sena CM. Luteolin Improves Perivascular Adipose Tissue Profile and Vascular Dysfunction in Goto-Kakizaki Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413671. [PMID: 34948468 PMCID: PMC8706309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of luteolin on metabolism, vascular reactivity, and perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) in nonobese type 2 diabetes mellitus animal model, Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats. Methods: Wistar and GK rats were divided in two groups: (1) control groups treated with vehicle; (2) groups treated with luteolin (10 mg/kg/day, for 2 months). Several metabolic parameters such as adiposity index, lipid profile, fasting glucose levels, glucose and insulin tolerance tests were determined. Endothelial function and contraction studies were performed in aortas with (PVAT+) or without (PVAT−) periaortic adipose tissue. We also studied vascular oxidative stress, glycation and assessed CRP, CCL2, and nitrotyrosine levels in PVAT. Results: Endothelial function was impaired in diabetic GK rats (47% (GK − PVAT) and 65% (GK + PVAT) inhibition of maximal endothelial dependent relaxation) and significantly improved by luteolin treatment (29% (GK − PVAT) and 22% (GK + PVAT) inhibition of maximal endothelial dependent relaxation, p < 0.01). Vascular oxidative stress and advanced glycation end-products’ levels were increased in aortic rings (~2-fold, p < 0.05) of diabetic rats and significantly improved by luteolin treatment (to levels not significantly different from controls). Periaortic adipose tissue anti-contractile action was significantly rescued with luteolin administration (p < 0.001). In addition, luteolin treatment significantly recovered proinflammatory and pro-oxidant PVAT phenotype, and improved systemic and metabolic parameters in GK rats. Conclusions: Luteolin ameliorates endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes and exhibits therapeutic potential for the treatment of vascular complications associated with type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adipose Tissue/drug effects
- Adipose Tissue/metabolism
- Animals
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Chemokine CCL2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Administration Schedule
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Luteolin/administration & dosage
- Luteolin/pharmacology
- Male
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Tyrosine/analogs & derivatives
- Tyrosine/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Queiroz
- Institute of Physiology, iCBR, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.Q.); (A.L.); (L.A.); (R.S.)
| | - Adriana Leandro
- Institute of Physiology, iCBR, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.Q.); (A.L.); (L.A.); (R.S.)
| | - Lara Azul
- Institute of Physiology, iCBR, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.Q.); (A.L.); (L.A.); (R.S.)
| | - Artur Figueirinha
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Faculty of Farmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Raquel Seiça
- Institute of Physiology, iCBR, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.Q.); (A.L.); (L.A.); (R.S.)
| | - Cristina M. Sena
- Institute of Physiology, iCBR, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.Q.); (A.L.); (L.A.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-239-480034; Fax: +351-239-480034
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Molcan L, Maier A, Zemančíková A, Gelles K, Török J, Zeman M, Ellinger I. Expression of Melatonin Receptor 1 in Rat Mesenteric Artery and Perivascular Adipose Tissue and Vasoactive Action of Melatonin. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 41:1589-1598. [PMID: 32734322 PMCID: PMC8408066 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00928-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is released by the pineal gland and can modulate cardiovascular system function via the G protein-coupled melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2. Most vessels are surrounded by perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), which affects their contractility. The aim of our study was to evaluate mRNA and protein expression of MT1 and MT2 in the mesenteric artery (MA) and associated PVAT of male rats by RT-PCR and Western blot. Receptor localization was further studied by immunofluorescence microscopy. Effects of melatonin on neurogenic contractions were explored in isolated superior MA ex vivo by measurement of isometric contractile tension. MT1, but not MT2, was present in MA, and MT1 was localized mainly in vascular smooth muscle. Moreover, we proved the presence of MT1, but not MT2 receptors, in MA-associated PVAT. In isolated superior MA with intact PVAT, neuro-adrenergic contractile responses were significantly smaller when compared to arteries with removed PVAT. Pre-treatment with melatonin of PVAT-stripped arterial rings enhanced neurogenic contractions, while the potentiating effect of melatonin was not detected in preparations with preserved PVAT. We hypothesize that melatonin can stimulate the release of PVAT-derived relaxing factor(s) via MT1, which can override the direct pro-contractile effect of melatonin on vascular smooth muscle. Our results suggest that melatonin is involved in the control of vascular tone in a complex way, which is vessel specific and can reflect a sum of action on different layers of the vessel wall and surrounding PVAT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lubos Molcan
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andreas Maier
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Zemančíková
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katharina Gelles
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jozef Török
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Zeman
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Isabella Ellinger
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Balakumar P, Alqahtani A, Khan NA, Alqahtani T, A T, Jagadeesh G. The physiologic and physiopathologic roles of perivascular adipose tissue and its interactions with blood vessels and the renin-angiotensin system. Pharmacol Res 2021; 173:105890. [PMID: 34536547 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) refers to an ectopic local deposit of connective tissue that anatomically surrounds most of the blood vessels. While it was initially known only as a structural support for vasculature, the landmark findings of Soltis and Cassis (1991), first demonstrating that PVAT reduces the contractions of norepinephrine in the isolated rat aorta, brought the potential vascular role of PVAT into the limelight. This seminal work implied the potential ability of PVAT to influence vascular responsiveness. Several vasoactive/vasocrine substances influencing vascular homeostasis were successively shown to be released from PVAT that include both adipocyte-derived relaxing and contracting factors. The PVAT is currently recognized as a metabolically active endocrine organ and is eventually considered as the 'protagonist' in vascular homeostasis. It plays prominent defending and opposing roles in vascular function, while the actual vascular influences of PVAT vary with an increase in adiposity. Recent studies have presented compelling evidence implicating the pivotal role of PVAT in the local activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), which substantially impacts vascular physiology and physiopathology. Current findings have advanced our understanding of the role of PVAT in favorably or adversely modulating the vascular function through differential RAS activation. Given that adipocytes also produce major RAS components locally to influence vascular function, this review provides a scientific basis to distinctly understand the key role of PVAT in regulating the autocrine and paracrine functions of vascular RAS components and its potential as an emerging therapeutic target for mitigating cardiovascular complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pitchai Balakumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Pannai College of Pharmacy, Dindigul 624005, India.
| | - Ali Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Guraiger, Abha 62529, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Noohu Abdulla Khan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Guraiger, Abha 62529, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Taha Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Guraiger, Abha 62529, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Thangathirupathi A
- Department of Pharmacology, Pannai College of Pharmacy, Dindigul 624005, India
| | - Gowraganahalli Jagadeesh
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Office of Cardiology, Hematology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Palmer TM, Salt IP. Nutrient regulation of inflammatory signalling in obesity and vascular disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:1563-1590. [PMID: 34231841 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite obesity and diabetes markedly increasing the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie this association remain poorly characterised. In the last 20 years it has become apparent that chronic, low-grade inflammation in obese adipose tissue may contribute to the risk of developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, increased vascular pro-inflammatory signalling is a key event in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Overnutrition exacerbates pro-inflammatory signalling in vascular and adipose tissues, with several mechanisms proposed to mediate this. In this article, we review the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which nutrients are proposed to regulate pro-inflammatory signalling in adipose and vascular tissues. In addition, we examine the potential therapeutic opportunities that these mechanisms provide for suppression of inappropriate inflammation in obesity and vascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Palmer
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Ian P Salt
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Watts SW, Darios ES, Contreras GA, Garver H, Fink GD. Male and female high-fat diet-fed Dahl SS rats are largely protected from vascular dysfunctions: PVAT contributions reveal sex differences. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 321:H15-H28. [PMID: 33929898 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00131.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Vascular dysfunctions are observed in the arteries from hypertensive subjects. The establishment of the Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) male and female rat models to develop a reproducible hypertension with high-fat (HF) diet feeding from weaning allows addressing the question of whether HF diet-associated hypertension results in vascular dysfunction similar to that of essential hypertension in both sexes. We hypothesized that dysfunction of three distinct vascular layers, i.e., endothelial, smooth muscle, and perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), would be present in the aorta from HF diet-fed versus control diet-fed male and female rats. Dahl SS rats were fed a control (10% kcal of fat) or HF (60%) diet from weaning for 24 wk. Male and female Dahl SS rats became equally hypertensive when placed on a HF diet. For male and female rats, the thoracic aorta exhibited medial hypertrophy in HF diet-induced hypertension versus control, but neither displayed a hyperresponsive contraction to the α-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine nor an endothelial cell dysfunction as measured by acetylcholine-induced relaxation. A beneficial PVAT function, support of stress relaxation, was reduced in the male versus female rats fed a HF diet. PVAT in the aorta of males but not in females retained the anticontractile activity. We conclude that this HF model does not display the same vascular dysfunctions observed in essential hypertension. Moreover, both male and female show significantly different vascular dysfunctions in this HF feeding model.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Although the aorta exhibits medial hypertrophy in response to HF diet-induced hypertension, it did not exhibit hyperresponsive contraction to an α-adrenergic agonist nor endothelial cell dysfunction; this was true for both sexes. Unlike other hypertension models, PVAT around aorta from (male) rats on the HF diet retained significant anticontractile activity. PVAT around aorta of the male on a HF diet was modestly more fibrotic and lost the ability to assist in arterial stress relaxation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie W Watts
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Emma S Darios
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - G Andres Contreras
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Hannah Garver
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Gregory D Fink
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jacobsen EA, Jackson DJ, Heffler E, Mathur SK, Bredenoord AJ, Pavord ID, Akuthota P, Roufosse F, Rothenberg ME. Eosinophil Knockout Humans: Uncovering the Role of Eosinophils Through Eosinophil-Directed Biological Therapies. Annu Rev Immunol 2021; 39:719-757. [PMID: 33646859 PMCID: PMC8317994 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-093019-125918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The enigmatic eosinophil has emerged as an exciting component of the immune system, involved in a plethora of homeostatic and inflammatory responses. Substantial progress has been achieved through experimental systems manipulating eosinophils in vivo, initially in mice and more recently in humans. Researchers using eosinophil knockout mice have identified a contributory role for eosinophils in basal and inflammatory processes and protective immunity. Primarily fueled by the purported proinflammatory role of eosinophils in eosinophil-associated diseases, a series of anti-eosinophil therapeutics have emerged as a new class of drugs. These agents, which dramatically deplete eosinophils, provide a valuable opportunity to characterize the consequences of eosinophil knockout humans. Herein, we comparatively describe mouse and human eosinophil knockouts. We put forth the view that human eosinophils negatively contribute to a variety of diseases and, unlike mouse eosinophils, do not yet have an identified role in physiological health; thus, clarifying all roles of eosinophils remains an ongoing pursuit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Jacobsen
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona 85259, USA;
| | - David J Jackson
- Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom;
- Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Enrico Heffler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Milan, Italy
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, 20089 Milan, Italy;
| | - Sameer K Mathur
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA;
| | - Albert J Bredenoord
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Ian D Pavord
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Oxford Respiratory NIHR BRC, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom;
| | - Praveen Akuthota
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA;
| | - Florence Roufosse
- Médecine Interne, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Marc E Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dwaib HS, AlZaim I, Eid AH, Obeid O, El-Yazbi AF. Modulatory Effect of Intermittent Fasting on Adipose Tissue Inflammation: Amelioration of Cardiovascular Dysfunction in Early Metabolic Impairment. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:626313. [PMID: 33897419 PMCID: PMC8062864 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.626313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS) is a cluster of maladaptive cardiovascular, renal, thrombotic, inflammatory, and metabolic disorders. It confers a high risk of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. CMS is triggered by major shifts in lifestyle and dietary habits with increased consumption of refined, calorie-dense diets. Evidence indicates that diet-induced CMS is linked to Adipose tissue (AT) inflammation. This led to the proposal that adipose inflammation may be involved in metabolic derangements, such as insulin resistance and poor glycemic control, as well as the contribution to the inflammatory process predisposing patients to increased cardiovascular risk. Therefore, in the absence of direct pharmacological interventions for the subclinical phase of CMS, time restricted feeding regimens were anticipated to alleviate early metabolic damage and subsequent comorbidities. These regimens, referred to as intermittent fasting (IF), showed a strong positive impact on the metabolic state of obese and non-obese human subjects and animal models, positive AT remodeling in face of overnutrition and high fat diet (HFD) consumption, and improved CV outcomes. Here, we summarize the available evidence on the role of adipose inflammation in triggering cardiovascular impairment in the context of diet induced CMS with an emphasis on the involvement of perivascular adipose tissue. As well, we propose some possible molecular pathways linking intermittent fasting to the ameliorative effect on adipose inflammation and cardiovascular dysfunction under such circumstances. We highlight a number of targets, whose function changes in perivascular adipose tissue inflammation and could be modified by intermittent fasting acting as a novel approach to ameliorate the inflammatory status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haneen S Dwaib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ibrahim AlZaim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Omar Obeid
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Alamein International University, Alamein, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Manrique-Acevedo C, Padilla J, Naz H, Woodford ML, Ghiarone T, Aroor AR, Hulse JL, Cabral-Amador FJ, Martinez-Diaz V, Hans CP, Whaley-Connell A, Martinez-Lemus LA, Lastra G. Mineralocorticoid Receptor in Myeloid Cells Mediates Angiotensin II-Induced Vascular Dysfunction in Female Mice. Front Physiol 2021; 12:588358. [PMID: 33854438 PMCID: PMC8039313 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.588358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) signaling is critical to the development of endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffening. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the role of MR-induced adipose tissue inflammation in the genesis of vascular dysfunction in women. In this study, we hypothesize that MR activation in myeloid cells contributes to angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced aortic stiffening and endothelial dysfunction in females via increased pro-inflammatory (M1) macrophage polarization. Female mice lacking MR in myeloid cells (MyMRKO) were infused with Ang II (500 ng/kg/min) for 4 weeks. This was followed by determinations of aortic stiffness and vasomotor responses, as well as measurements of markers of inflammation and macrophage infiltration/polarization in different adipose tissue compartments. MyMRKO mice were protected against Ang II-induced aortic endothelial stiffening, as assessed via atomic force microscopy in aortic explants, and vasorelaxation dysfunction, as measured by aortic wire myography. In alignment, MyMRKO mice were protected against Ang II-induced macrophage infiltration and M1 polarization in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and thoracic perivascular adipose tissue (tPVAT). Collectively, this study demonstrates a critical role of MR activation in myeloid cells in the pathogenesis of vascular dysfunction in females associated with pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization in VAT and tPVAT. Our data have potential clinical implications for the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease in women, who are disproportionally at higher risk for poor outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila Manrique-Acevedo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Huma Naz
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Makenzie L Woodford
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Thaysa Ghiarone
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Annayya R Aroor
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Jack L Hulse
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | | | - Vanesa Martinez-Diaz
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Chetan P Hans
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Adam Whaley-Connell
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, United States.,Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Luis A Martinez-Lemus
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Department of Biomedical, Biological and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Guido Lastra
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Oxidative Stress and Vascular Damage in the Context of Obesity: The Hidden Guest. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030406. [PMID: 33800427 PMCID: PMC7999611 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular system plays a central role in the transport of cells, oxygen and nutrients between different regions of the body, depending on the needs, as well as of metabolic waste products for their elimination. While the structure of different components of the vascular system varies, these structures, especially those of main arteries and arterioles, can be affected by the presence of different cardiovascular risk factors, including obesity. This vascular remodeling is mainly characterized by a thickening of the media layer as a consequence of changes in smooth muscle cells or excessive fibrosis accumulation. These vascular changes associated with obesity can trigger functional alterations, with endothelial dysfunction and vascular stiffness being especially common features of obese vessels. These changes can also lead to impaired tissue perfusion that may affect multiple tissues and organs. In this review, we focus on the role played by perivascular adipose tissue, the activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and endoplasmic reticulum stress in the vascular dysfunction associated with obesity. In addition, the participation of oxidative stress in this vascular damage, which can be produced in the perivascular adipose tissue as well as in other components of the vascular wall, is updated.
Collapse
|
21
|
Gonzaga NA, Awata WMC, Ficher SP, Assis VO, Alves JV, Tostes RC, Tirapelli CR. Melatonin reverses the loss of the anticontractile effect of perivascular adipose tissue in obese rats. J Pineal Res 2021; 70:e12710. [PMID: 33332655 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) undergoes functional changes in obesity. Increased oxidative stress is a central mechanism whereby obesity induces loss of the anticontractile effect of PVAT. Melatonin is an antioxidant that displays vasoprotective action in cardiovascular disease. Here, we sought to investigate whether melatonin would restore the anticontractile effect of periaortic PVAT in obesity. Male Wistar Hannover rats were treated for 10 weeks with a high-calorie diet. Melatonin (5 mg/kg/d, p.o., gavage) was administered for 2 weeks. Functional findings showed that obesity-induced loss of the anticontractile effect of PVAT and treatment with melatonin reversed this response. Tiron [a scavenger of superoxide anion (O2 - )] restored the anticontractile effect of PVAT in aortas from obese rats, suggesting a role for reactive oxygen species (ROS) in such response. Decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and augmented levels of ROS were detected in periaortic PVAT from obese rats. These responses were accompanied by decreased levels of nitric oxide (NO) in PVAT. Treatment with melatonin restored SOD activity, decreased ROS levels, and increased NO bioavailability in PVAT from obese rats. Here, we first reported the beneficial effects of melatonin in periaortic PVAT in obesity. Melatonin reversed the adverse effects of obesity in PVAT that included overproduction of ROS, reduced SOD activity, and decreased bioavailability of NO. Therefore, PVAT may constitute an important target for the treatment of obesity-induced vascular dysfunction and melatonin emerges as a potential tool in the management of the vascular complications induced by obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Rita C Tostes
- University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bercea CI, Cottrell GS, Tamagnini F, McNeish AJ. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and hypertension: a review of vasodilatory mechanisms of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:860-877. [PMID: 33283269 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is often characterised by impaired vasodilation involving dysfunction of multiple vasodilatory mechanisms. ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) can reduce blood pressure and vasodilation. In the endothelium, DHA and EPA improve function including increased NO bioavailability. However, animal studies show that DHA- and EPA-mediated vasodilation persists after endothelial removal, indicating a role for vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The vasodilatory effects of ω-3 PUFAs on VSMCs are mediated via opening of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BKCa ), ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP ) and possibly members of the Kv 7 family of voltage-activated potassium channels, resulting in hyperpolarisation and relaxation. ω-3 PUFA actions on BKCa and voltage-gated ion channels involve electrostatic interactions that are dependent on the polyunsaturated acyl tail, cis-geometry of these double bonds and negative charge of the carboxyl headgroup. This suggests structural manipulation of ω-3 PUFA could generate novel, targeted, therapeutic leads.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana-Ioana Bercea
- Reading School of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, The University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Graeme S Cottrell
- Reading School of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, The University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Francesco Tamagnini
- Reading School of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, The University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Alister J McNeish
- Reading School of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, The University of Reading, Reading, UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Robinson AT. Choose Your Maternal DNA Wisely: Intrinsic Exercise Capacity and Mitochondrial Genome Influence Vascular Function in Rats. FUNCTION (OXFORD, ENGLAND) 2020; 2:zqaa039. [PMID: 34223169 PMCID: PMC8248875 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqaa039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Austin T Robinson
- Neurovascular Physiology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA,Address correspondence to A.T.R. (e-mail: )
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Losartan prevents mesenteric vascular bed alterations in high-fat diet fed rats. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2020; 33:1-9. [PMID: 33082055 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunction of perivascular adipose tissue of mesenteric bed participates in the pathophysiology of high blood pressure linked to metabolic syndrome. Thus, it might consider a new therapeutic objective to take account in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Besides its antihypertensive effect, there is a growing interest on the pleiotropic actions of losartan, an angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor antagonist. The aim of the study was to analyze the actions of losartan treatment on adiposity index and prostanoids release from mesenteric vascular bed and its relationship with blood pressure as well as homeostasis model of assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in Sprague-Dawley rats under a high-fat (HF) diet for 8 weeks. Four groups were used: control (C), HF diet (HF, 50%, w/w bovine fat), losartan-treated (CL8, 30mg/kg/body weight/day in the drinking water) and losartan-treated HF diet (HFL, both treatments). A high-fat diet incremented systolic blood pressure, HOMA-IR, adiposity of mesenteric vascular bed and the release of vasoconstrictor prostanoids such as thromboxane (TX) B2 and prostaglandin (PG) F2α as well as PGE2, an inflammatory prostanoid in a context of insulin resistance and hypertension. We found a positive correlation between adiposity index and systolic blood pressure. Also, both parameters are positive correlated with the HOMA IR index. Moreover, we also found that these prostanoids release correlate with systolic blood pressure as well as with mesenteric vascular bed adiposity index. Losartan treatment prevented all these alterations and normalized the PGI2/TXA2 ratio in high-fat fed rats. We conclude that losartan may play beneficial actions on perivascular adipose tissue alterations and endothelial dysfunction through restoration of normal balance of vasoactive substances in this model.
Collapse
|
25
|
Myeloid GRK2 Regulates Obesity-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction by Modulating Inflammatory Responses in Perivascular Adipose Tissue. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9100953. [PMID: 33020373 PMCID: PMC7600489 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is increasingly being regarded as an important endocrine organ that directly impacts vessel function, structure, and contractility in obesity-associated diseases. We uncover here a role for myeloid G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) in the modulation of PVAT-dependent vasodilation responses. GRK2 expression positively correlates with myeloid- (CD68) and lymphoid-specific (CD3, CD4, and CD8) markers and with leptin in PVAT from patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms. Using mice hemizygous for GRK2 in the myeloid lineage (LysM-GRK2+/−), we found that GRK2 deficiency in myeloid cells allows animals to preserve the endothelium-dependent acetylcholine or insulin-induced relaxation, which is otherwise impaired by PVAT, in arteries of animals fed a high fat diet (HFD). Downregulation of GRK2 in myeloid cells attenuates HFD-dependent infiltration of macrophages and T lymphocytes in PVAT, as well as the induction of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and NADPH oxidase (Nox)1 expression, whereas blocking TNFα or Nox pathways by pharmacological means can rescue the impaired vasodilator responses to insulin in arteries with PVAT from HFD-fed animals. Our results suggest that myeloid GRK2 could be a potential therapeutic target in the development of endothelial dysfunction induced by PVAT in the context of obesity.
Collapse
|
26
|
Contreras GA, Yang Y, Flood ED, Garver H, Bhattacharya S, Fink GD, Watts SW. Blood pressure changes PVAT function and transcriptome: use of the mid-thoracic aorta coarcted rat. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H1313-H1324. [PMID: 33006918 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00332.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) modifies the contractile function of the vessel it surrounds (outside-in signaling). Little work points to the vessel actively affecting its surrounding PVAT. We hypothesized that inside-out arterial signaling to PVAT would be evidenced by the response of PVAT to changes in tangential vascular wall stress. Rats coarcted in the mid-thoracic aorta created PVAT tissues that would exemplify pressure-dependent changes (above vs. below coarctation); a sham rat was used as a control. Radiotelemetry revealed a ∼20 mmHg systolic pressure gradient across the coarctation 4 wk after surgery. Four measures (histochemical, adipocyte progenitor proliferation and differentiation, isometric tone, and bulk mRNA sequencing) were used to compare PVAT above versus below the ligature in sham and coarcted rats. Neither aortic collagen deposition in PVAT nor arterial media/radius ratio above coarctation was increased versus below segments. However, differentiated adipocytes derived from PVAT above the coarctation accumulated substantially less triglycerides versus those below; their relative proliferation rate as adipogenic precursors was not different. Functionally, the ability of PVAT to assist stress relaxation of isolated aorta was reduced in rings above versus below the coarctation. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that the coarctation resulted in more differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between PVAT above versus below when compared with sham samples from the same locations. A majority of DEGs were in PVAT below the coarctation and were enriched in neuronal/synaptic terms. These findings provide initial evidence that signaling from the vascular wall, as stimulated by a pressure change, influences the function and transcriptional profile of its PVAT.NEW & NOTEWORTHY A mid-thoracic aorta coarcted rat was created to generate a stable pressure difference above versus below the coarctation ligature. This study determined that the PVAT around the thoracic aorta exposed to a higher pressure has a significantly reduced ability to assist stress relaxation versus that below the ligature and appears to retain the ability to be anticontractile. At the same time, the PVAT around the thoracic aorta exposed to higher pressure had a reduced adipogenic potential versus that below the ligature. Transcriptomics analyses indicated that PVAT below the coarctation showed the greatest number of DEGs with an increased profile of the synaptic neurotransmitter gene network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Andres Contreras
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Yongliang Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.,Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Emma D Flood
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Hannah Garver
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Sudin Bhattacharya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.,Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.,Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Gregory D Fink
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Stephanie W Watts
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mechanisms linking adipose tissue inflammation to cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 133:2329-2344. [PMID: 31777927 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is classically recognized as the primary site of lipid storage, but in recent years has garnered appreciation for its broad role as an endocrine organ comprising multiple cell types whose collective secretome, termed as adipokines, is highly interdependent on metabolic homeostasis and inflammatory state. Anatomical location (e.g. visceral, subcutaneous, epicardial etc) and cellular composition of adipose tissue (e.g. white, beige, and brown adipocytes, macrophages etc.) also plays a critical role in determining its response to metabolic state, the resulting secretome, and its potential impact on remote tissues. Compared with other tissues, the heart has an extremely high and constant demand for energy generation, of which most is derived from oxidation of fatty acids. Availability of this fatty acid fuel source is dependent on adipose tissue, but evidence is mounting that adipose tissue plays a much broader role in cardiovascular physiology. In this review, we discuss the impact of the brown, subcutaneous, and visceral white, perivascular (PVAT), and epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) secretome on the development and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD), with a particular focus on cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis.
Collapse
|
28
|
Walsh-Wilcox MT, Kaye J, Rubinstein E, Walker MK. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Induces Vascular Dysfunction That is Dependent on Perivascular Adipose and Cytochrome P4501A1 Expression. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2020; 19:565-574. [PMID: 31115867 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-019-09529-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is associated with hypertension in humans and animals, and studies suggest that cytochrome P4501A1 (Cyp1a1) induction and vascular dysfunction may contribute. We investigated the role of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) and Cyp1a1 in TCDD-induced vascular dysfunction. Cyp1a1 wild-type (WT) and knockout (KO) male mice were fed a dough pill containing 1,4-p-dioxane (TCDD vehicle control) on days 0 and 7, or 1000 ng/kg TCDD on day 0 and 250 ng/kg TCDD on day 7. mRNA expression of Cyp1a1 was assessed on days 3, 7, and 14, and of Cyp1b1, 1a2, angiotensinogen, and phosphodiesterase 5a on day 14. Dose-dependent vasoconstriction to a thromboxane A2 mimetic (U46619), and vasorelaxation to acetylcholine and a nitric oxide donor (S-nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine, SNAP), were investigated in the aorta with and without PVAT. Cyp1a1 and 1a2 mRNA was induced in aorta of WT mice only with PVAT, and Cyp1a1 induction was sustained through day 14. TCDD significantly enhanced constriction to U46619 in WT mice and inhibited relaxation to both acetylcholine and SNAP, but only in the presence of PVAT. The effects of TCDD on U46619 constriction and SNAP relaxation were not observed in Cyp1a1 KO mice. Finally, in aorta + PVAT of WT mice TCDD significantly induced expression of angiotensinogen and phosphodiesterase 5a both of which could contribute to the TCDD-induced vascular dysfunction. These data establish PVAT as a TCDD target which is critically involved in mediating vascular dysfunction. TCDD enhances vasoconstriction via the thromboxane/prostanoid (TP) receptor and inhibits vasorelaxation via nitric oxide (NO) signaling. This TCDD-induced vascular dysfunction requires perivascular adipose (PVAT) and cytochrome P4501a1 (CYP1a1) induction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary T Walsh-Wilcox
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 2703 Frontier Ave NE MSC09 5630, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Joel Kaye
- Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Netanya, Israel.,Ayala Targeted Therapies, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Mary K Walker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 2703 Frontier Ave NE MSC09 5630, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Perivascular adipose tissue in age-related vascular disease. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 59:101040. [PMID: 32112889 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), a crucial regulator of vascular homeostasis, is actively involved in vascular dysfunction during aging. PVAT releases various adipocytokines, chemokines and growth factors. In an endocrine and paracrine manner PVAT-derived factors regulate vascular signalling and inflammation modulating functions of adjacent layers of the vasculature. Pathophysiological conditions such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, vascular injury and aging can cause PVAT dysfunction, leading to vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cell dysfunctions. We and others have suggested that PVAT is involved in the inflammatory response of the vascular wall in diet induced obesity animal models leading to vascular dysfunction due to disappearance of the physiological anticontractile effect. Previous studies confirm a crucial role for pinpointed PVAT inflammation in promoting vascular oxidative stress and inflammation in aging, enhancing the risk for development of cardiovascular disease. In this review, we discuss several studies and mechanisms linking PVAT to age-related vascular diseases. An overview of the suggested roles played by PVAT in different disorders associated with the vasculature such as endothelial dysfunction, neointimal formation, aneurysm, vascular contractility and stiffness will be performed. PVAT may be considered a potential target for therapeutic intervention in age-related vascular disease.
Collapse
|
30
|
A New Function for Perivascular Adipose Tissue (PVAT): Assistance of Arterial Stress Relaxation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1807. [PMID: 32019956 PMCID: PMC7000722 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58368-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In health, PVAT secretes anti-contractile factors that relax the underlying artery. PVAT’s contributions to vascular function include more than production of vasoactive substances. We hypothesized that PVAT benefits the artery by assisting the function of stress (–induced) relaxation. Thoracic aorta rings from Sprague Dawley rats were mounted in isolated tissue baths with (+) and without (−) PVAT. A cumulative length tension (0–6 grams) was generated. The tension to which the tissue stress relaxed over 30 minutes was recorded; the tension lost was stress relaxation. The presence of PVAT increased the amount of stress relaxation (final tension in mgs; aortic ring −PVAT = 4578 ± 190; aortic ring + PVAT = 2730 ± 274, p < 0.05). PVAT left attached but not encompassing the aorta provided no benefit in cumulative stress relaxation (aortic ring +/− PVAT = 4122 ± 176; p > 0.05 vs −PVAT). A PVAT ring separated from the aorta demonstrated more profound stress relaxation than did the aortic ring itself. Finally, PVAT-assisted stress relaxation was observed in an artery with white fat (superior mesenteric artery) and in aorta from both male and female of another rat strain, the Dahl S rat. Knowledge of this new PVAT function supports PVAT as an essential player in vascular health.
Collapse
|
31
|
Pacifico L, Perla FM, Tromba L, Carbotta G, Lavorato M, Pierimarchi P, Chiesa C. Carotid Extra-Media Thickness in Children: Relationships With Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Endothelial Function. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:574216. [PMID: 33071981 PMCID: PMC7541844 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.574216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Emerging evidence suggests that structural adventitial modifications and perivascular adipose tissue (PAT) may have a role in early atherogenesis. In a cohort of children and adolescents, we explored (1) the association of carotid extra-media thickness (cEMT), an ultrasound measure whose main determinants are arterial adventitia and PAT, with obesity and its cardiometabolic complications; and (2) the interplay between cEMT and endothelial function. Methods: The study participants included 286 youths (age, 6-16 years; 154 boys, and 132 girls). Anthropometric and laboratory parameters, liver ultrasound, vascular structure measures [cEMT and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT)], endothelial function [brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD)] were obtained in all subjects. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was diagnosed in the presence of hepatic fat on ultrasonography, in the absence of other causes of liver disease. Diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (MetS) was established on the basis of three or more of the following cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk variables: abdominal obesity, high triglycerides, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, elevated blood pressure (BP), and impaired fasting glucose. Results: cEMT demonstrated significant associations with body-mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), BP, insulin resistance, NAFLD, and inflammation. No association was found between cEMT and lipid values, and between cEMT and MetS. A stepwise multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that WC (β coefficient, 0.35; P < 0.0001) was the only determinant of cEMT, independently of other major cardiometabolic risk factors. Further adjustment for cIMT did not significantly alter this association. FMD was correlated to age, Tanner stage, total and abdominal obesity, BP, NAFLD, and cEMT. The association between FMD and cEMT was independent of age, sex, Tanner stage, WC, and BMI (β coefficient, -0.14; P = 0.027). After controlling for CVD risk factors and basal brachial artery diameter, cEMT remained associated with FMD (β coefficient, -0.11; P = 0.049). Conclusions: In youths, cEMT is associated with abdominal fat, a well-established body fat depot with important implications for cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, cEMT is related to FMD, suggesting that arterial adventitia and PAT may be involved in the early changes in endothelial function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Pacifico
- Department of Mother and Child Health, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Lucia Pacifico
| | | | - Luciana Tromba
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Carbotta
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Lavorato
- Department of Mother and Child Health, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Chiesa
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lefranc C, Friederich-Persson M, Braud L, Palacios-Ramirez R, Karlsson S, Boujardine N, Motterlini R, Jaisser F, Nguyen Dinh Cat A. MR (Mineralocorticoid Receptor) Induces Adipose Tissue Senescence and Mitochondrial Dysfunction Leading to Vascular Dysfunction in Obesity. Hypertension 2019; 73:458-468. [PMID: 30624990 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.11873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) senescence and mitochondrial dysfunction are associated with obesity. Studies in obese patients and animals demonstrate that the MR (mineralocorticoid receptor) contributes to obesity-associated cardiovascular complications through its specific role in AT. However, underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to elucidate whether MR regulates mitochondrial function in obesity, resulting in AT premature aging and vascular dysfunction. Obese (db/db) and lean (db/+) mice were treated with an MR antagonist or a specific mitochondria-targeted antioxidant. Mitochondrial and vascular functions were determined by respirometry and myography, respectively. Molecular mechanisms were probed by Western immunoblotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction in visceral AT and arteries and focused on senescence markers and redox-sensitive pathways. db/db mice displayed AT senescence with activation of the p53-p21 pathway and decreased SIRT (sirtuin) levels, as well as mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, the beneficial anticontractile effects of perivascular AT were lost in db/db via ROCK (Rho kinase) activation. MR blockade prevented these effects. Thus, MR activation in obesity induces mitochondrial dysfunction and AT senescence and dysfunction, which consequently increases vascular contractility. In conclusion, our study identifies novel mechanistic insights involving MR, adipose mitochondria, and vascular function that may be of importance to develop new therapeutic strategies to limit obesity-associated cardiovascular complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Lefranc
- From the Department of Physiology, INSERM UMRS 1138 Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne University, Paris, France (C.L., R.P.-R., N.B., F.J., A.N.D.C.)
| | | | - Laura Braud
- Department of Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Diseases, Development and Senescence, INSERM U955 Team 12, University Paris-Est Creteil, France (L.B., R.M.)
| | - Roberto Palacios-Ramirez
- From the Department of Physiology, INSERM UMRS 1138 Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne University, Paris, France (C.L., R.P.-R., N.B., F.J., A.N.D.C.)
| | - Susanne Karlsson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Sweden (M.F.-P., S.K.)
| | - Nabiha Boujardine
- From the Department of Physiology, INSERM UMRS 1138 Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne University, Paris, France (C.L., R.P.-R., N.B., F.J., A.N.D.C.)
| | - Roberto Motterlini
- Department of Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Diseases, Development and Senescence, INSERM U955 Team 12, University Paris-Est Creteil, France (L.B., R.M.)
| | - Frederic Jaisser
- From the Department of Physiology, INSERM UMRS 1138 Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne University, Paris, France (C.L., R.P.-R., N.B., F.J., A.N.D.C.)
| | - Aurelie Nguyen Dinh Cat
- From the Department of Physiology, INSERM UMRS 1138 Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne University, Paris, France (C.L., R.P.-R., N.B., F.J., A.N.D.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Awata WM, Gonzaga NA, Borges VF, Silva CB, Tanus-Santos JE, Cunha FQ, Tirapelli CR. Perivascular adipose tissue contributes to lethal sepsis-induced vasoplegia in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 863:172706. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
34
|
|