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Zhou XD, Xu CF, Chen QF, Shapiro MD, Lip GYH, Chen LL, Targher G, Byrne CD, Tian N, Xiao T, Huang CX, Ni Y, Zheng MH. Serum bile acid profiles are associated with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: An exploratory study. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:3684-3695. [PMID: 38874096 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
AIM To analyse the association between serum bile acid (BA) profile and heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). METHODS We enrolled 163 individuals with biopsy-proven MAFLD undergoing transthoracic echocardiography for any indication. HFpEF was defined as left ventricular ejection fraction >50% with at least one echocardiographic feature of HF (left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, abnormal left atrial size) and at least one HF sign or symptom. Serum levels of 38 BAs were analysed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Among the 163 patients enrolled (mean age 47.0 ± 12.8 years, 39.3% female), 52 (31.9%) and 43 (26.4%) met the HFpEF and pre-HFpEF criteria, and 38 serum BAs were detected. Serum ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and hyocholic acid (HCA) species were lower in patients with HFpEF and achieved statistical significance after correction for multiple comparisons. Furthermore, decreases in glycoursodeoxycholic acid and tauroursodeoxycholic acid were associated with HF status. CONCLUSIONS In this exploratory study, specific UDCA and HCA species were associated with HFpEF status in adults with biopsy-confirmed MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Cui-Fang Xu
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qin-Fen Chen
- Medical Care Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Michael D Shapiro
- Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Li-Li Chen
- MAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Giovanni Targher
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, IRCCS Sacro Cuore - Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Italy
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- Southampton National Institute for Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Na Tian
- MAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tie Xiao
- MAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chen-Xiao Huang
- MAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yan Ni
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Hua Zheng
- MAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Institute of Hepatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for the Development of Chronic Liver Disease in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
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Martinez GJ, Kipp ZA, Lee WH, Bates EA, Morris AJ, Marino JS, Hinds TD. Glucocorticoid resistance remodels liver lipids and prompts lipogenesis, eicosanoid, and inflammatory pathways. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2024; 173:106840. [PMID: 38830399 PMCID: PMC11199073 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2024.106840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that the glucocorticoid receptor β (GRβ) isoform induces hepatic steatosis in mice fed a normal chow diet. The GRβ isoform inhibits the glucocorticoid-binding isoform GRα, reducing responsiveness and inducing glucocorticoid resistance. We hypothesized that GRβ regulates lipids that cause metabolic dysfunction. To determine the effect of GRβ on hepatic lipid classes and molecular species, we overexpressed GRβ (GRβ-Ad) and vector (Vec-Ad) using adenovirus delivery, as we previously described. We fed the mice a normal chow diet for 5 days and harvested the livers. We utilized liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses of the livers to determine the lipid species driven by GRβ. The most significant changes in the lipidome were monoacylglycerides and cholesterol esters. There was also increased gene expression in the GRβ-Ad mice for lipogenesis, eicosanoid synthesis, and inflammatory pathways. These indicate that GRβ-induced glucocorticoid resistance may drive hepatic fat accumulation, providing new therapeutic advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genesee J Martinez
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Drug & Disease Discovery D3 Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Zachary A Kipp
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Drug & Disease Discovery D3 Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Wang-Hsin Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Drug & Disease Discovery D3 Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Evelyn A Bates
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Drug & Disease Discovery D3 Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Andrew J Morris
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, and Central Arkansas Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Joseph S Marino
- Department of Applied Physiology, Health, and Clinical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Terry D Hinds
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Drug & Disease Discovery D3 Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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3
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Beygi M, Ahi S, Zolghadri S, Stanek A. Management of Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease/Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: From Medication Therapy to Nutritional Interventions. Nutrients 2024; 16:2220. [PMID: 39064665 PMCID: PMC11279539 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common long-lasting liver disease that affects millions of people around the world. It is best identified with a hepatic fat build-up that ultimately leads to inflammation and damage. The classification and nomenclature of NAFLD have long been a controversial topic, until 2020 when a group of international experts recommended substituting NAFLD with MAFLD (metabolic dysfunction-associated FLD). MAFLD was then terminologically complemented in 2023 by altering it to MASLD, i.e., metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Both the MAFLD and the MASLD terminologies comprise the metabolic element of the disorder, as they offer diagnostic benchmarks that are embedded in the metabolic risk factors that underlie the disease. MASLD (as a multisystemic disease) provides a comprehensive definition that includes a larger population of patients who are at risk of liver morbidity and mortality, as well as adverse cardiovascular and diabetes outcomes. MASLD highlights metabolic risks in lean or normal weight individuals, a factor that has not been accentuated or discussed in previous guidelines. Novel antihyperglycemic agents, anti-hyperlipidemic drugs, lifestyle modifications, nutritional interventions, and exercise therapies have not been extensively studied in MAFLD and MASLD. Nutrition plays a vital role in managing both conditions, where centralizing on a diet rich in whole vegetables, fruits, foods, healthy fats, lean proteins, and specific nutrients (e.g., omega-3 fatty acids and fibers) can improve insulin resistance and reduce inflammation. Thus, it is essential to understand the role of nutrition in managing these conditions and to work with patients to develop an individualized plan for optimal health. This review discusses prevention strategies for NAFLD/MAFLD/MASLD management, with particular attention to nutrition and lifestyle correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Beygi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology (IUT), Isfahan 8415683111, Iran;
| | - Salma Ahi
- Research Center for Noncommunicable Diseases, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom 7414846199, Iran;
| | - Samaneh Zolghadri
- Department of Biology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom 7414785318, Iran
| | - Agata Stanek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Batorego 15 St., 41-902 Bytom, Poland
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4
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Wang Z, Huang B, Ding Y, Cao F, Li F, Li PF. Association between life's essential 8 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease among US adults. Arch Public Health 2024; 82:101. [PMID: 38970079 PMCID: PMC11225315 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-024-01331-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease. Clinical evidences have demonstrated the link between MASLD and the increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. We aimed to investigate the relationship between Life's Essential 8 (LE8), an enhanced approach to assessing cardiovascular health(CVH), and MASLD. METHODS Data were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2017-2020 cycles. MASLD was assessed by the latest diagnostic criteria. LE8 scores (range 0-100) were obtained from measurements based on American Heart Association definitions, divided into health factor and health behavior scores. Multivariable logistic and restricted cubic spline models were used to assess the associations. RESULTS 5646 participants were included based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 2616 (46.33%) participants were diagnosed with MASLD. After adjusting for confounding variables, higher LE8 scores were associated with a lower risk of MASLD (OR = 0.19, 95%CI 0.17-0.21; P < 0.001), similar associations were also observed between health behavior and health factor scores with MASLD. Subgroup analyses illustrated that the negative association between LE8 score and MASLD was stronger among younger, non - Hispanic White, and never married participants. CONCLUSIONS In this nationally representative sample of U.S. adults, LE8 scores, health behavior scores, and health factor scores were negatively associated with the prevalence of MASLD in non-linear fashions. Subjects maintaining ideal health factors and health behaviors are less likely to develop MASLD. Public health policies are needed to advocate healthy behaviors and factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Bohan Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yixuan Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Feng Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Prof Fei Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
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Wilkerson JL, Tatum SM, Holland WL, Summers SA. Ceramides are fuel gauges on the drive to cardiometabolic disease. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:1061-1119. [PMID: 38300524 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00008.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Ceramides are signals of fatty acid excess that accumulate when a cell's energetic needs have been met and its nutrient storage has reached capacity. As these sphingolipids accrue, they alter the metabolism and survival of cells throughout the body including in the heart, liver, blood vessels, skeletal muscle, brain, and kidney. These ceramide actions elicit the tissue dysfunction that underlies cardiometabolic diseases such as diabetes, coronary artery disease, metabolic-associated steatohepatitis, and heart failure. Here, we review the biosynthesis and degradation pathways that maintain ceramide levels in normal physiology and discuss how the loss of ceramide homeostasis drives cardiometabolic pathologies. We highlight signaling nodes that sense small changes in ceramides and in turn reprogram cellular metabolism and stimulate apoptosis. Finally, we evaluate the emerging therapeutic utility of these unique lipids as biomarkers that forecast disease risk and as targets of ceramide-lowering interventions that ameliorate disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Wilkerson
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Sean M Tatum
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - William L Holland
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Scott A Summers
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
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Ferenc K, Jarmakiewicz-Czaja S, Sokal-Dembowska A, Stasik K, Filip R. Common Denominator of MASLD and Some Non-Communicable Diseases. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:6690-6709. [PMID: 39057041 PMCID: PMC11275402 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46070399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, steatohepatitis has been designated as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASLD). MASLD risk factors mainly include metabolic disorders but can also include genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Disease entities such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and MASLD share similar pathomechanisms and risk factors. Moreover, a bidirectional relationship is observed between the occurrence of certain chronic diseases and MASLD. These conditions represent a global public health problem that is responsible for poor quality of life and high mortality. It seems that paying holistic attention to these problems will not only help increase the chances of reducing the incidence of these diseases but also assist in the prevention, treatment, and support of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Ferenc
- Institute of Medicine, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (K.F.)
| | - Sara Jarmakiewicz-Czaja
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (S.J.-C.); (A.S.-D.)
| | - Aneta Sokal-Dembowska
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (S.J.-C.); (A.S.-D.)
| | - Katarzyna Stasik
- Institute of Medicine, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (K.F.)
- IBD Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Hospital No. 2, 35-301 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Rafał Filip
- Institute of Medicine, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (K.F.)
- IBD Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Hospital No. 2, 35-301 Rzeszow, Poland
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7
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Wang W, Guo XL, Qiu XP, Yu YJ, Tu M. Systemic immune-inflammation index mediates the association between metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and sub-clinical carotid atherosclerosis: a mediation analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1406793. [PMID: 38957443 PMCID: PMC11217321 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1406793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Limited research has been conducted to quantitatively assess the impact of systemic inflammation in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and sub-clinical carotid atherosclerosis (SCAS). The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), which integrates inflammatory cells, has emerged as a reliable measure of local immune response and systemic inflammation Therefore, this study aims to assess the mediating role of SII in the association between MAFLD and SCAS in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Method This study prospectively recruited 830 participants with T2DM from two centers. Unenhanced abdominal CT scans were conducted to evaluate MAFLD, while B-mode carotid ultrasonography was performed to assess SCAS. Weighted binomial logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic splines (RCS) analyses were employed to analyze the association between the SII and the risk of MAFLD and SCAS. Mediation analysis was further carried out to explore the potential mediating effect of the SII on the association between MAFLD and SCAS. Results The prevalence of both MAFLD and SCAS significantly increased as the SII quartiles increased (P<0.05). MAFLD emerged as an independent factor for SCAS risk across three adjusted models, exhibiting odds ratios of 2.15 (95%CI: 1.31-3.53, P < 0.001). Additionally, increased SII quartiles and Ln (SII) displayed positive associations with the risk of MAFLD and SCAS (P < 0.05). Furthermore, a significant dose-response relationship was observed (P for trend <0.001). The RCS analyses revealed a linear correlation of Ln (SII) with SCAS and MAFLD risk (P for nonlinearity<0.05). Importantly, SII and ln (SII) acted as the mediators in the association between MAFLD and SCAS following adjustments for shared risk factors, demonstrating a proportion-mediated effect of 7.8% and 10.9%. Conclusion SII was independently correlated with MAFLD and SCAS risk, while also acting as a mediator in the relationship between MAFLD and SCAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- National Metabolic Management Center, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian, China
| | - Xiu Li Guo
- National Metabolic Management Center, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian, China
| | - Xiu Ping Qiu
- National Metabolic Management Center, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian, China
| | - Yun Jie Yu
- Fuqing City Hospital Affiliated with Fujian Medical University, Fuqin, Fujian, China
| | - Mei Tu
- National Metabolic Management Center, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian, China
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Badmus OO, da Silva AA, Li X, Taylor LC, Greer JR, Wasson AR, McGowan KE, Patel PR, Stec DE. Cardiac lipotoxicity and fibrosis underlie impaired contractility in a mouse model of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. FASEB Bioadv 2024; 6:131-142. [PMID: 38706754 PMCID: PMC11069051 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2023-00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The leading cause of death among patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is cardiovascular disease. A significant percentage of MASLD patients develop heart failure driven by functional and structural alterations in the heart. Previously, we observed cardiac dysfunction in hepatocyte-specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha knockout (Ppara HepKO), a mouse model that exhibits hepatic steatosis independent of obesity and insulin resistance. The goal of the present study was to determine mechanisms that underlie hepatic steatosis-induced cardiac dysfunction in Ppara HepKO mice. Experiments were performed in 30-week-old Ppara HepKO and littermate control mice fed regular chow. We observed decreased cardiomyocyte contractility (0.17 ± 0.02 vs. 0.24 ± 0.02 μm, p < 0.05), increased cardiac triglyceride content (0.96 ± 0.13 vs. 0.68 ± 0.06 mM, p < 0.05), collagen type 1 (4.65 ± 0.25 vs. 0.31 ± 0.01 AU, p < 0.001), and collagen type 3 deposition (1.32 ± 0.46 vs. 0.05 ± 0.03 AU, p < 0.05). These changes were associated with increased apoptosis as indicated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining (30.9 ± 4.7 vs. 13.1 ± 0.8%, p < 0.006) and western blots showing increased cleaved caspase-3 (0.27 ± 0.006 vs. 0.08 ± 0.01 AU, p < 0.003) and pro-caspase-3 (5.4 ± 1.5 vs. 0.5 ± 0.3 AU, p < 0.02), B-cell lymphoma protein 2-associated X (0.68 ± 0.07 vs. 0.04 ± 0.04 AU, p < 0.001), and reduced B-cell lymphoma protein 2 (0.29 ± 0.01 vs. 1.47 ± 0.54 AU, p < 0.05). We further observed elevated circulating natriuretic peptides and exercise intolerance in Ppara HepKO mice when compared to controls. Our data demonstrated that lipotoxicity, and fibrosis underlie cardiac dysfunction in MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olufunto O. Badmus
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Cardiorenal, and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Cardiovascular‐Renal Research CenterUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMississippiUSA
| | - Alexandre A. da Silva
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Cardiorenal, and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Cardiovascular‐Renal Research CenterUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMississippiUSA
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Cardiorenal, and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Cardiovascular‐Renal Research CenterUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMississippiUSA
| | - Lucy C. Taylor
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Cardiorenal, and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Cardiovascular‐Renal Research CenterUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMississippiUSA
| | - Jennifer R. Greer
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Cardiorenal, and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Cardiovascular‐Renal Research CenterUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMississippiUSA
| | - Andrew R. Wasson
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Cardiorenal, and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Cardiovascular‐Renal Research CenterUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMississippiUSA
| | - Karis E. McGowan
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Cardiorenal, and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Cardiovascular‐Renal Research CenterUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMississippiUSA
| | - Parth R. Patel
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Cardiorenal, and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Cardiovascular‐Renal Research CenterUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMississippiUSA
| | - David E. Stec
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Cardiorenal, and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Cardiovascular‐Renal Research CenterUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMississippiUSA
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9
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Mellemkjær A, Kjær MB, Haldrup D, Grønbæk H, Thomsen KL. Management of cardiovascular risk in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Eur J Intern Med 2024; 122:28-34. [PMID: 38008609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2023.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
The novel term Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) is proposed to replace non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to highlight the close association with the metabolic syndrome. MASLD encompasses patients with liver steatosis and at least one of five cardiometabolic risk factors which implies that these patients are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Indeed, the prevalence of CVD in MASLD patients is increased and CVD is recognized as the most common cause of death in MASLD patients. We here present an update on the pathophysiology of CVD in MASLD, discuss the risk factors, and suggest screening for CVD in patients with MASLD. Currently, there is no FDA-approved pharmacological treatment for MASLD, and no specific treatment recommended for CVD in patients with MASLD. Thus, the treatment strategy is based on weight loss and a reduction and treatment of CVD risk factors. We recommend screening of MASLD patients for CVD using the SCORE2 system with guidance to specific treatment algorithms. In all patients with CVD risk factors, lifestyle intervention to induce weight loss through diet and exercise is recommended. Especially a Mediterranean diet may improve hyperlipidemia and if further treatment is needed, statins should be used as first-line treatment. Further, anti-hypertensive drugs should be used to treat hypertension. With the epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) the risk of MASLD and CVD is expected to increase, and preventive measures, screening, and effective treatments are highly needed to reduce morbidity and mortality in MASLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Mellemkjær
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Breinholt Kjær
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - David Haldrup
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henning Grønbæk
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Karen Louise Thomsen
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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10
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De Cól JP, de Lima EP, Pompeu FM, Cressoni Araújo A, de Alvares Goulart R, Bechara MD, Laurindo LF, Méndez-Sánchez N, Barbalho SM. Underlying Mechanisms behind the Brain-Gut-Liver Axis and Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD): An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3694. [PMID: 38612504 PMCID: PMC11011299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) includes several metabolic dysfunctions caused by dysregulation in the brain-gut-liver axis and, consequently, increases cardiovascular risks and fatty liver dysfunction. In MAFLD, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and metabolic syndrome are frequently present; these conditions are related to liver lipogenesis and systemic inflammation. This study aimed to review the connection between the brain-gut-liver axis and MAFLD. The inflammatory process, cellular alterations in hepatocytes and stellate cells, hypercaloric diet, and sedentarism aggravate the prognosis of patients with MAFLD. Thus, to understand the modulation of the physiopathology of MAFLD, it is necessary to include the organokines involved in this process (adipokines, myokines, osteokines, and hepatokines) and their clinical relevance to project future perspectives of this condition and bring to light new possibilities in therapeutic approaches. Adipokines are responsible for the activation of distinct cellular signaling in different tissues, such as insulin and pro-inflammatory cytokines, which is important for balancing substances to avoid MAFLD and its progression. Myokines improve the quantity and quality of adipose tissues, contributing to avoiding the development of MAFLD. Finally, hepatokines are decisive in improving or not improving the progression of this disease through the regulation of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory organokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Pauli De Cól
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo 17525-902, Brazil; (J.P.D.C.); (M.D.B.)
| | - Enzo Pereira de Lima
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo 17525-902, Brazil; (J.P.D.C.); (M.D.B.)
| | - Fernanda Moris Pompeu
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo 17525-902, Brazil; (J.P.D.C.); (M.D.B.)
| | - Adriano Cressoni Araújo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo 17525-902, Brazil; (J.P.D.C.); (M.D.B.)
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo 17525-902, Brazil;
| | - Ricardo de Alvares Goulart
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo 17525-902, Brazil;
| | - Marcelo Dib Bechara
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo 17525-902, Brazil; (J.P.D.C.); (M.D.B.)
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo 17525-902, Brazil;
| | - Lucas Fornari Laurindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), Marília, São Paulo 17519-080, Brazil;
| | - Nahum Méndez-Sánchez
- Liver Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City 14050, Mexico;
- Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo 17525-902, Brazil; (J.P.D.C.); (M.D.B.)
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo 17525-902, Brazil;
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), São Paulo 17500-000, Brazil
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11
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Bates EA, Kipp ZA, Lee WH, Martinez GJ, Weaver L, Becker KN, Pauss SN, Creeden JF, Anspach GB, Helsley RN, Xu M, Bruno MEC, Starr ME, Hinds TD. FOXS1 is increased in liver fibrosis and regulates TGFβ responsiveness and proliferation pathways in human hepatic stellate cells. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105691. [PMID: 38280429 PMCID: PMC10878791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis commences with liver injury stimulating transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), causing scarring and irreversible damage. TGFβ induces expression of the transcription factor Forkhead box S1 (FOXS1) in hepatocytes and may have a role in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To date, no studies have determined how it affects HSCs. We analyzed human livers with cirrhosis, HCC, and a murine fibrosis model and found that FOXS1 expression is significantly higher in fibrotic livers but not in HCC. Next, we treated human LX2 HSC cells with TGFβ to activate fibrotic pathways, and FOXS1 mRNA was significantly increased. To study TGFβ-FOXS1 signaling, we developed human LX2 FOXS1 CRISPR KO and scrambled control HSCs. To determine differentially expressed gene transcripts controlled by TGFβ-FOXS1, we performed RNA-seq in the FOXS1 KO and control cells and over 400 gene responses were attenuated in the FOXS1 KO HSCs with TGFβ-activation. To validate the RNA-seq findings, we used our state-of-the-art PamGene PamStation kinase activity technology that measures hundreds of signaling pathways nonselectively in real time. Using our RNA-seq data, kinase activity data, and descriptive measurements, we found that FOXS1 controls pathways mediating TGFβ responsiveness, protein translation, and proliferation. Our study is the first to identify that FOXS1 may serve as a biomarker for liver fibrosis and HSC activation, which may help with early detection of hepatic fibrosis or treatment options for end-stage liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn A Bates
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Zachary A Kipp
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Wang-Hsin Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Genesee J Martinez
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Lauren Weaver
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kathryn N Becker
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Sally N Pauss
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Justin F Creeden
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Garrett B Anspach
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Robert N Helsley
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA; Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA; Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA; Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Mei Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Maria E C Bruno
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Marlene E Starr
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA; Division of Research, Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Terry D Hinds
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA; Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA; Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
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12
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Le Y, Guo J, Liu Z, Liu J, Liu Y, Chen H, Qiu J, Wang C, Dou X, Lu D. Calenduloside E ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via modulating a pyroptosis-dependent pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117239. [PMID: 37777027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent chronic liver condition that can have multiple underlying causes. There are no satisfactory chemical or biological drugs for the treatment of NAFLD. Longyasongmu, the bark and root of Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem, is used extensively in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and has been used in treating diverse liver diseases including NAFLD. Based on Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem as the main ingredient, Longya Gantai Capsules have been approved for use in China for the treatment of acute hepatitis and chronic hepatitis. Calenduloside E (CE), a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin, is a significant component of saponin isolated from the bark and root of Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem. However, the role and mechanism of anti-NAFLD effects of CE is still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The objective of this study was to examine the potential mechanisms underlying the protective effect of CE on NAFLD. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, an NAFLD model was established by Western diet in apoE-/- mice, followed by treatment with various doses of CE (5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg). The anti-NAFLD effect of CE was assessed by the liver injury, lipid accumulation, inflammation, and pro-fibrotic phenotype. The mechanism of CE in ameliorating NAFLD was studied through transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq). In vitro, the mouse hepatocytes (AML-12) were stimulated in lipid mixtures with CE and performed the exploration and validation of the relevant pathways using Western blot, immunofluorescence, etc. RESULTS: The findings revealed a significant improvement in liver injury, lipid accumulation, inflammation, and pro-fibrotic phenotype upon CE administration. Furthermore, RNAseq analysis indicated that the primary pathway through which CE alleviates NAFLD involves pyroptosis-related inflammatory cascade pathways. Furthermore, it was observed that CE effectively suppressed inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis both in vivo and in vitro. Remarkably, the functional enrichment analysis of RNA-seq data revealed that the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway is the primarily Signaling transduction pathway modulated by CE treatment. Subsequent experimental outcomes provided further validation of CE's ability to hinder inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis through the inhibition of PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS These findings present a novel pharmacological role of CE in exerting anti-NAFLD effects by inhibiting pyroptosis signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Le
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jianan Guo
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zhijun Liu
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Hang Chen
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jiannan Qiu
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Cui Wang
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaobing Dou
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Dezhao Lu
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
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13
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Martinez GJ, Appleton M, Kipp ZA, Loria AS, Min B, Hinds TD. Glucocorticoids, their uses, sexual dimorphisms, and diseases: new concepts, mechanisms, and discoveries. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:473-532. [PMID: 37732829 PMCID: PMC11281820 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00021.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The normal stress response in humans is governed by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis through heightened mechanisms during stress, raising blood levels of the glucocorticoid hormone cortisol. Glucocorticoids are quintessential compounds that balance the proper functioning of numerous systems in the mammalian body. They are also generated synthetically and are the preeminent therapy for inflammatory diseases. They act by binding to the nuclear receptor transcription factor glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which has two main isoforms (GRα and GRβ). Our classical understanding of glucocorticoid signaling is from the GRα isoform, which binds the hormone, whereas GRβ has no known ligands. With glucocorticoids being involved in many physiological and cellular processes, even small disruptions in their release via the HPA axis, or changes in GR isoform expression, can have dire ramifications on health. Long-term chronic glucocorticoid therapy can lead to a glucocorticoid-resistant state, and we deliberate how this impacts disease treatment. Chronic glucocorticoid treatment can lead to noticeable side effects such as weight gain, adiposity, diabetes, and others that we discuss in detail. There are sexually dimorphic responses to glucocorticoids, and women tend to have a more hyperresponsive HPA axis than men. This review summarizes our understanding of glucocorticoids and critically analyzes the GR isoforms and their beneficial and deleterious mechanisms and the sexual differences that cause a dichotomy in responses. We also discuss the future of glucocorticoid therapy and propose a new concept of dual GR isoform agonist and postulate why activating both isoforms may prevent glucocorticoid resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genesee J Martinez
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Malik Appleton
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Zachary A Kipp
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Analia S Loria
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Booki Min
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Terry D Hinds
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
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14
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Kubacka M, Nowak B, Zadrożna M, Szafarz M, Latacz G, Marona H, Sapa J, Mogilski S, Bednarski M, Kotańska M. Manifestations of Liver Impairment and the Effects of MH-76, a Non-Quinazoline α1-Adrenoceptor Antagonist, and Prazosin on Liver Tissue in Fructose-Induced Metabolic Syndrome. Metabolites 2023; 13:1130. [PMID: 37999226 PMCID: PMC10672990 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13111130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive fructose consumption may lead to metabolic syndrome, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and hypertension. α1-adrenoceptors antagonists are antihypertensive agents that exert mild beneficial effects on the metabolic profile in hypertensive patients. However, they are no longer used as a first-line therapy for hypertension based on Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT) outcomes. Later studies have shown that quinazoline-based α1-adrenolytics (prazosin, doxazosin) induce apoptosis; however, this effect was independent of α1-adrenoceptor blockade and was associated with the presence of quinazoline moiety. Recent studies showed that α1-adrenoceptors antagonists may reduce mortality in COVID-19 patients due to anti-inflammatory properties. MH-76 (1-[3-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)propyl]-4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine hydrochloride)) is a non-quinazoline α1-adrenoceptor antagonist which, in fructose-fed rats, exerted anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive properties and reduced insulin resistance and visceral adiposity. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of fructose consumption and treatment with α1-adrenoceptor antagonists of different classes (MH-76 and prazosin) on liver tissue of fructose-fed rats. Livers were collected from four groups (Control, Fructose, Fructose + MH-76 and Fructose + Prazosin) and subjected to biochemical and histopathological studies. Both α1-adrenolytics reduced macrovesicular steatosis and triglycerides content of liver tissue and improved its antioxidant capacity. Treatment with MH-76, contrary to prazosin, reduced leucocytes infiltration as well as decreased elevated IL-6 and leptin concentrations. Moreover, the MH-76 hepatotoxicity in hepatoma HepG2 cells was less than that of prazosin. The use of α1-adrenolytics with anti-inflammatory properties may be an interesting option for treatment of hypertension with metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kubacka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (M.K.); (J.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Barbara Nowak
- Department of Cytobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (B.N.); (M.Z.)
| | - Monika Zadrożna
- Department of Cytobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (B.N.); (M.Z.)
| | - Małgorzata Szafarz
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Henryk Marona
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Jacek Sapa
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (M.K.); (J.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Szczepan Mogilski
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (M.K.); (J.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Marek Bednarski
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Kotańska
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
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15
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Ding Y, Deng Q, Yang M, Niu H, Wang Z, Xia S. Clinical Classification of Obesity and Implications for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease and Treatment. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:3303-3329. [PMID: 37905232 PMCID: PMC10613411 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s431251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity,and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) have reached epidemic proportions globally. Obesity and MAFLD frequently coexist and act synergistically to increase the risk of adverse clinical outcomes (both hepatic and extrahepatic). Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most important risk factor for rapid progression of steatohepatitis and advanced fibrosis. Conversely, the later stages of MAFLD are associated with an increased risk of T2DM incident. According to the proposed criteria, MAFLD is diagnosed in patients with liver steatosis and in at least one in three: overweight or obese, T2DM, or signs of metabolic dysregulation if they are of normal weight. However, the clinical classification and correlation between obesity and MAFLD is more complex than expected. In addition, treatment for obesity and MAFLD are associated with a reduced risk of T2DM, suggesting that liver-based treatments could reduce the risk of developing T2DM. This review describes the clinical classification of obesity and MAFLD, discusses the clinical features of various types of obesity and MAFLD, emphasizes the role of visceral obesity and insulin resistance (IR) in the development of MAFLD,and summarizes the existing treatments for obesity and MAFLD that reduce the risk of developing T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatic Fibrosis and Molecular Diagnosis & Treatment, Tianjin, 300162, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quanjun Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatic Fibrosis and Molecular Diagnosis & Treatment, Tianjin, 300162, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatic Fibrosis and Molecular Diagnosis & Treatment, Tianjin, 300162, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Niu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatic Fibrosis and Molecular Diagnosis & Treatment, Tianjin, 300162, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zuoyu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatic Fibrosis and Molecular Diagnosis & Treatment, Tianjin, 300162, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shihai Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatic Fibrosis and Molecular Diagnosis & Treatment, Tianjin, 300162, People’s Republic of China
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16
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Lee WH, Najjar SM, Kahn CR, Hinds TD. Hepatic insulin receptor: new views on the mechanisms of liver disease. Metabolism 2023; 145:155607. [PMID: 37271372 PMCID: PMC10330768 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Over 65 % of people with obesity display the metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), which can manifest as steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, or liver cancer. The development and progression of MAFLD involve hepatic insulin resistance and reduced insulin clearance. This review discusses the relationships between altered insulin signaling, hepatic insulin resistance, and reduced insulin clearance in the development of MAFLD and how this provides the impetus for exploring the use of insulin sensitizers to curb this disease. The review also explores the role of the insulin receptor in hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells and how it signals in metabolic and end-stage liver diseases. Finally, we discuss new research findings that indicate that advanced hepatic diseases may be an insulin-sensitive state in the liver and deliberate whether insulin sensitizers should be used to manage late-stage liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Hsin Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Sonia M Najjar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and the Diabetes Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - C Ronald Kahn
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Terry D Hinds
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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