1
|
Michelotti P, Franscescon F, Müller TE, Rosemberg DB, Pereira ME. Ketamine acutely impairs memory consolidation and repeated exposure promotes stereotyped behavior without changing anxiety- and aggression-like parameters in adult zebrafish. Physiol Behav 2022; 247:113708. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
2
|
van Rensburg D, Lindeque Z, Harvey BH, Steyn SF. Reviewing the mitochondrial dysfunction paradigm in rodent models as platforms for neuropsychiatric disease research. Mitochondrion 2022; 64:82-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
3
|
Reis J, Marchini S, Nicolis H, Delvenne V. Case report: From anxiety disorders to psychosis, a continuum in transitional age youth? Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:990138. [PMID: 36262636 PMCID: PMC9574323 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.990138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To date, among individuals meeting ultra-high risk criteria for psychosis, the relationship between the presence of anxiety disorders and the risk of psychotic transition raises several unanswered questions. CASE DESCRIPTION This case report describes the clinical progression of a 17-year-old male initially presenting anxious symptoms meeting the DSM-V criteria for panic disorder. The patient also reported social withdraw, mild depressive symptoms, insomnia and fatigue. Over a 6 month period, a gradual onset of subthreshold psychotic symptoms suggested a prodromal phase of a psychotic disorder. DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT AND THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION A detailed assessment of UHR criteria for psychosis was performed. The overall level of social and occupational functioning was assessed by the SOFAS, which showed a 35% drop over a 12 months period. The CAARMS, has also been administered. The patient met the diagnostic criteria for UHR, APS group. The care plan included psychiatric follow-up, pharmacologic treatment, individual psychological follow-up and individual and familial psychoeducation. Over a 6 months period, the patient did not experienced a first psychotic episode and presented a partial improvement of psychotic symptoms. CONCLUSION The DSM-V categorical approach does not seem to adapt well to early clinical presentations in transitional age youth. A transdiagnostic and dimensional approach allows to better identify at-risk patients of psychiatric disorders and implement early intervention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Reis
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium.,Child and Adolescent Team, Mental Health Service at Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Simone Marchini
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium.,Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Erasme Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hélène Nicolis
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Child and Adolescent Team, Mental Health Service at Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Véronique Delvenne
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ropaj E, Jones A, Dickson JM, Gill Z, Taylor PJ. Are negative beliefs about psychosis associated with emotional distress in adults and young people with such experiences? A meta-analysis. Psychol Psychother 2021; 94 Suppl 2:242-267. [PMID: 32271989 PMCID: PMC8246979 DOI: 10.1111/papt.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emotional distress, including depression and anxiety, is commonly reported amongst individuals experiencing psychosis. The beliefs individuals hold about the meaning of their psychosis may explain the distress they experience. The current meta-analysis aimed to review the association between beliefs about psychosis experiences and emotional distress. METHOD Three electronic databases (PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and CINAHL) were searched using keywords and controlled vocabulary (e.g., Medical Subject Headings) from date of inception to August 2019. A total of 19 eligible papers were identified. RESULTS Our random-effects meta-analysis revealed that depression and anxiety held moderate association with psychosis beliefs, with perceptions concerning a lack of control over experiences having the strongest association with distress. Longitudinal studies suggest that negative beliefs at baseline are associated with depressive symptoms at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the endorsement of negative beliefs about psychosis is associated with current level of depression and anxiety. The results are consistent with theories of emotional distress in psychosis. However, the small number of longitudinal papers limits what can be concluded about the direction or other temporal characteristics of these relationships. Therapies that target unhelpful beliefs about psychosis may beneficial. PRACTITIONER POINTS Negative beliefs about experiences of psychosis are associated with greater emotional distress such as depression and anxiety. Beliefs about a lack of control over experiences had the strongest association with distress. Interventions that aim to modify or prevent the formation of unhelpful beliefs about psychosis may be beneficial for this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esmira Ropaj
- Department of Psychological SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolUK,Division of Psychology & Mental HealthSchool of Health SciencesManchester Academic Health Sciences CentreUniversity of ManchesterUK
| | - Andrew Jones
- Department of Psychological SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolUK
| | - Joanne M. Dickson
- Department of Psychological SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolUK,School of Arts and HumanitiesPsychology DisciplineEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Zabina Gill
- Pennine Care NHS Foundation TrustGreater ManchesterUK
| | - Peter J. Taylor
- Division of Psychology & Mental HealthSchool of Health SciencesManchester Academic Health Sciences CentreUniversity of ManchesterUK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liangrong Z, Guican Z, Qi Z, Weirui Y, Yaqi Z, Tong L, Wenjing L, Ming Z, Nianhong G. Long-Term Outcomes and Predictors of Childhood-Onset Schizophrenia: A Naturalistic Study of 6-year Follow-Up in China. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:679807. [PMID: 34393845 PMCID: PMC8360848 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.679807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The long-term outcome of childhood-onset schizophrenia (COS) and its influencing factors remain unclear. The current study aimed to assess the long-term outcomes of COS and identify possible outcome predictors. Methods: We retrospectively investigated 276 patients with COS. Diagnosis made according to the ICD-10 criteria for schizophrenia, and the age of the first onset was ≤ 14 years. Follow-up was completed for 170 patients, with a median follow-up period of 5.6 years. Outcome variables included occupational/education status and readmission. Spearman correlation was performed to assess the relationship between predictors and outcome variables. Binary logistic regression was conducted to detect possible predictor variables for outcome variables. Results: At the end of the follow-up, 89 patients (52.3%) were at school, 70 patients (41.2%) were employed, and only 11 patients (6.5%) were dropped out of school or unemployed. The duration to the first admission and depressive symptoms were identified as predictors of occupational/educational status. The length of follow-up and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) were distinguished as predictors of readmission. Duration to the first admission and length of follow-up were risk factors, and depressive symptoms and OCS were protective factors for the outcomes of COS. Conclusion: We found a favorable long-term outcome on occupational/education status in COS, and depressive symptoms and OCS may be associated with more positive long-term outcomes in COS. Our findings suggest that COS patients may benefit from early intervention and require appropriate treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liangrong
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhang Guican
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhu Qi
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Weirui
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhang Yaqi
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Tong
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Wenjing
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhang Ming
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guan Nianhong
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Massaoudi Y, Anissi J, Lefter R, Lobiuc A, Sendide K, Ciobica A, Hassouni ME. Protective Effects of Two Halophilic Crude Extracts from Pseudomonas zhaodongensis and Bacillus stratosphericus against Memory Deficits and Anxiety- and Depression-Like Behaviors in Methionine-Induced Schizophrenia in Mice Focusing on Oxidative Stress Status. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:8852418. [PMID: 33299461 PMCID: PMC7707988 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8852418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the implication of oxidative stress in behavioral-like disorders has received a lot of attention. Many studies were interested in searching for new natural compounds with protective effects on behavioral-like disorders by focusing on oxidative stress as the main causal factor. Here, we assess the potential effect of cell-free extracts from halophilic bacteria on memory, anxiety, and depression-related behaviors in mice, as well as on cognitive deficits, negative symptoms, and some oxidative stress biomarkers in methionine-induced mice models of schizophrenia. Firstly, crude extracts of bacteria isolated from the Dead Sea were screened for their effects on memory and anxiety- and depression-like behaviors through Y-maze, elevated plus maze, and forced swimming test, respectively, using two doses 60 mg/kg and 120 mg/kg. Then, 120 mg/kg of two bacterial crude extracts, from two strains designated SL22 and BM20 and identified as Bacillus stratosphericus and Pseudomonas zhaodongensis, respectively, with significant contents of phenolic and flavonoid-like compounds, were selected for the assessment of cognitive and negative symptom improvement, as well as for their effects on oxidative stress status in methionine-induced mice models of schizophrenia using six groups (controls, methionine, crude extracts solely, and combinations of crude extracts and methionine). Results showed that the administration of the crude extracts caused a significant increase in the spontaneous alternations in the Y-maze task, the time spent in open arms of the elevated plus maze, and a decrease in immobility time in the forced swimming test in comparison with the control group. Furthermore, the administration of bacterial extracts seemed to diminish disorders related to cognitive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia and to improve the oxidative state in the temporal lobes, in comparison with the methionine group. Our findings suggest substantial antioxidant and anti-neuropsychiatric effects of the crude extracts prepared from Pseudomonas zhaodongensis strain BM20 and Bacillus stratosphericus strain SL22 and that further studies are needed to purify and to determine the active fraction from the extracts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yousra Massaoudi
- Biotechnology, Environment, Agri-Food and Health Laboratory, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, BP: 1796, Atlas, Fez, Morocco
| | - Jaouad Anissi
- Biotechnology, Environment, Agri-Food and Health Laboratory, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, BP: 1796, Atlas, Fez, Morocco
- School of Engineering BIOMEDTECH, Euro-Mediterranean University of Fez, Rond-point Bensouda, Route de Meknès BP 51, Fez, Morocco
| | - Radu Lefter
- Romanian Academy, Iasi Branch, Center of Biomedical Research, B dul Carol I, 8, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Andrei Lobiuc
- CERNESIM Research Centre, L2, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 700505 Carol I Bd., Iasi, Romania
- Human Health and Development Department, Stefan Cel Mare University, 720229 Universitatii Str., Suceava, Romania
| | - Khalid Sendide
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, School of Science and Engineering, Al Akhawayn University in Ifrane, P.O. Box 104, Ifrane, Morocco
| | - Alin Ciobica
- Department of Research, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Faculty of Biology, Bd. Carol I, 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mohammed El Hassouni
- Biotechnology, Environment, Agri-Food and Health Laboratory, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, BP: 1796, Atlas, Fez, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Parrish EM, Depp CA, Moore RC, Harvey PD, Mikhael T, Holden J, Swendsen J, Granholm E. Emotional determinants of life-space through GPS and ecological momentary assessment in schizophrenia: What gets people out of the house? Schizophr Res 2020; 224:67-73. [PMID: 33289659 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research employing global positioning satellite (GPS) data and ecological momentary assessment (EMA) has shown a smaller life-space (distance traveled from home) was associated with poorer community functioning and more severe negative symptoms in people with schizophrenia. Momentary emotional experiences may influence how much time is spent outside of the home. We evaluated the associations between emotional experiences in relation to life-space among people with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls (HCs). METHODS 105 participants with schizophrenia and 76 HCs completed in-lab assessments of symptoms, cognition, and functioning. Participants completed EMA assessments of location and emotions seven times daily for seven days at stratified random intervals. GPS coordinates were collected 24 h a day over the 7-day study period. Analyses were performed at the momentary, day, and full week level using mixed effects models and Spearman correlations. RESULTS For HCs, greater happiness was associated with greater concurrent distance traveled away from home as measured by GPS. For participants with schizophrenia, greater anxiety was associated with greater distance traveled away from home and being outside of the home. Less happiness, but not anxiety, was also associated with greater negative symptoms, especially outside the home. DISCUSSION These findings suggest diminished positive emotion is associated with the experience of leaving the home in schizophrenia, but also suggest that anxiety may contribute to avoidance of out of home mobility. Interventions targeting both positive emotions and social anxiety may improve social functioning, and life-space may provide a useful outcome for functional rehabilitation interventions in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Parrish
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Colin A Depp
- University of California San Diego Department of Psychiatry, San Diego, CA, United States of America; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States of America.
| | - Raeanne C Moore
- University of California San Diego Department of Psychiatry, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Philip D Harvey
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America; Research Service Miami VA Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Tanya Mikhael
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Jason Holden
- University of California San Diego Department of Psychiatry, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Joel Swendsen
- National Center for Scientific Research, University of Bordeaux, EPHE PSL Research University, France
| | - Eric Granholm
- University of California San Diego Department of Psychiatry, San Diego, CA, United States of America; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Comorbidity rates of depression and anxiety in first episode psychosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophr Res 2020; 216:322-329. [PMID: 31791816 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety and depression symptoms are frequently experienced by individuals with psychosis, although prevalence rates have not been reviewed in first-episode psychosis (FEP). The aim of this systematic review was to focus on the prevalence rates for both anxiety and depression, comparing the rates within the same study population. A systematic review and meta-analysis was completed for all studies measuring both anxiety and depression in FEP at baseline. The search identified 6040 citations, of which n = 10 met inclusion criteria. These reported 1265 patients (age 28.3 ± 9.1, females: 39.9%) with diagnosed FEP. Studies which used diagnosis to define comorbidity count were included in separate meta-analyses for anxiety and depression, although the heterogeneity was high limiting interpretation of separate prevalence rates. A random-effects meta-analysis also compared the mean difference between anxiety and depression within the same studies. We show that anxiety and depression co-occur at a similar rate within FEP, although the exact rates are not reliable due to the heterogeneity between the small number of studies. Future research in FEP should consider routinely measuring anxiety and depression using continuous self-report measures of symptoms. Clinically we recommend that both anxiety and depression are equally targeted during psychological intervention in FEP, together with the psychotic symptoms.
Collapse
|
9
|
Melo-Dias C, Lopes RC, Cardoso DFB, Bobrowicz-Campos E, Apóstolo JLA. Schizophrenia and Progressive Muscle Relaxation - A systematic review of effectiveness. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01484. [PMID: 31049425 PMCID: PMC6479115 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We perform a systematically search, appraise and synthesize of the best available evidence on the effectiveness of Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) in the adults with schizophrenia, in any setting, regarding anxiety, personal and social functioning, cognition, and well-being. Method Major databases were searched to find both published and unpublished studies from inception until April 2017, using Schizophren* AND Relax* as keywords, and studies published in Portuguese, English, Spanish, Italian, French were considered for inclusion in this review. Methodological quality was assessed by two independent reviewers using the Critical Appraisal Checklist for Randomized Controlled Trials from the Joanna Briggs Institute. Results From a total of 1172 studies, five studies, involving 216 adults with schizophrenia, met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review after assessment of their methodological quality. These studies reported benefits in experimental group participants after PMR intervention on anxiety (assessed with State anxiety inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory and Spielberger Trait Anxiety Inventory), well-being (assessed with Subjective Exercise Experiences Scale) and personal and social functioning (assessed with Sheehan Disability Scale and Therapist Rating Scale). Conclusions Evidence suggests that PMR was effective in adults diagnosed with schizophrenia, except in one study where was only effective when combined with education. Thus, PMR may be useful to decrease state anxiety, improve well-being and social functioning in adults diagnosed with schizophrenia. However, due to the diversity of clinical intervention designs of PMR (different number and length of sessions) and outcome assessment scales, no strong evidence was found in this systematic review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Melo-Dias
- Nursing School of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing, Nursing School of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- The Portugal Centre for Evidence-Based Practice: A Joanna Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence, Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing, Nursing School of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Corresponding author.
| | - Rosa Cristina Lopes
- Nursing School of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing, Nursing School of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniela Filipa Batista Cardoso
- Nursing School of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing, Nursing School of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- The Portugal Centre for Evidence-Based Practice: A Joanna Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence, Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing, Nursing School of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Elzbieta Bobrowicz-Campos
- Nursing School of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing, Nursing School of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Luís Alves Apóstolo
- Nursing School of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing, Nursing School of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- The Portugal Centre for Evidence-Based Practice: A Joanna Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence, Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing, Nursing School of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
McAusland L, Addington J. Biofeedback to treat anxiety in young people at clinical high risk for developing psychosis. Early Interv Psychiatry 2018; 12:694-701. [PMID: 27573093 PMCID: PMC5376371 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM Anxiety is a common presenting concern for individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis. Treatment for CHR is still in the early stages and has focused on transition to psychosis and positive symptom reduction, but little is known about what may be effective in reducing anxiety for these young people. One treatment that may be effective for anxiety is heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback. The aim of this study was to test the efficacy and feasibility of using HRV biofeedback to reduce anxiety and distress in those at CHR. METHODS Twenty participants who met minimum scores for anxiety and distress completed 4 weeks of an HRV biofeedback intervention and received pre- and post-intervention assessments. Repeated measures were used to examine changes in scores over time. RESULTS There was a significant decrease in impaired ability to tolerate normal stressors (P ≤ 0.001) and dysphoric mood (P ≤ 0.001) over time. There was no change on self-reported measures of anxiety and distress. However, when two outliers were removed there was a trend towards improvement in self-reported anxiety (P = 0.07). These results were not impacted by including usage time as a covariate. Feedback and adherence were significant. CONCLUSIONS HRV biofeedback may be a feasible treatment option for individuals at CHR who have concerns with impaired stress tolerance and dysphoric mood. Future studies with a randomized controlled trial design will be necessary to further determine efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laina McAusland
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jean Addington
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bakkane Bendixen A, Hartberg CB, Selbæk G, Engedal K. Symptoms of Anxiety in Older Adults with Depression, Dementia, or Psychosis: A Principal Component Analysis of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2018; 42:310-322. [PMID: 27811466 DOI: 10.1159/000452272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The primary aim of this study was to examine anxiety symptoms as measured by the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI) in older patients with depression, dementia, or psychotic disorders. The secondary aim was to conduct a principal component analysis (PCA) of the GAI and to examine whether its subscales differ between the 3 disorders. METHODS We included data from 428 patients who were admitted to a department of geriatric psychiatry and examined according to a standardized protocol. The GAI was used to measure current anxiety symptoms. RESULTS The GAI symptoms occurred more frequently in the group with depression than in the other 2 groups. The PCA of the GAI with oblimin rotation resulted in a 2-component solution, labelled as "worries" (explained variance 46.3%, Cronbach's α 0.92) and "physical symptoms" (explained variance 7.1%, Cronbach's α 0.85). CONCLUSION The results indicate that in old age, anxiety is especially prevalent in depression. The 2-component solution indicates that the GAI measures 2 different aspects of anxiety with different symptomatology.
Collapse
|
12
|
Veras AB, Cougo S, Meira F, Peixoto C, Barros JA, Nardi AE, Malaspina D, Poyurovsky M, Kahn JP. Schizophrenia dissection by five anxiety and depressive subtype comorbidities: Clinical implications and evolutionary perspective. Psychiatry Res 2017; 257:172-178. [PMID: 28763736 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Twenty patients with DSM5 schizophrenia were comprehensively and formally assessed by an experienced psychiatrist. All subjects were assessed for: positive and negative psychotic symptoms; social anxiety; panic anxiety; obsessive compulsive disorder, atypical depression; major depression; suicide risk; and global assessment of functioning. Different profiles of clinical presentation and symptom evolution emerged for patients with schizophrenia who had co-morbid depression (15%), OCD (15%), panic or limited symptom attacks (55%) and social anxiety (5%). At least eighty percent of the sample had one or more of these co-morbidities. Summing up, the data support our previous finding that panic is highly prevalent in Schizophrenia with Auditory Hallucinations (>73% here, versus 100% before), and panic was paroxysmally concurrent with voice onset. Moreover, characteristic clinical findings may help point clinicians to five specific co-morbidity psychosis subtypes. Moreover, co-morbidity dissection of psychotic diagnoses recalls and parallels the historical psychopharmacologic dissection of non-psychotic anxiety and depressive subtypes diagnoses. Larger studies should further test and explore these preliminary findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André B Veras
- Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (LabPR/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Translational Research Group on Mental Health (GPTranSMe), Dom Bosco Catholic University, Campo Grande, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry and Environmental Medicine, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Simone Cougo
- Translational Research Group on Mental Health (GPTranSMe), Dom Bosco Catholic University, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Meira
- Translational Research Group on Mental Health (GPTranSMe), Dom Bosco Catholic University, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Clayton Peixoto
- Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (LabPR/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Translational Research Group on Mental Health (GPTranSMe), Dom Bosco Catholic University, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Jorge A Barros
- Translational Research Group on Mental Health (GPTranSMe), Dom Bosco Catholic University, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Antonio E Nardi
- Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (LabPR/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dolores Malaspina
- Department of Psychiatry and Environmental Medicine, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Poyurovsky
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Jeffrey P Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Masdrakis VG, Legaki EM, Papageorgiou C, Markianos M. Psychoticism in patients with panic disorder with or without comorbid agoraphobia. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2017; 21:181-187. [PMID: 28345374 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2017.1305111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A few case-reports have previously described transient psychotic-like symptoms in non-psychotic patients with panic disorder (PD). We aimed to systematically explore whether PD patients without any current or past psychosis can be differentiated according to the severity of 'psychoticism' as a dimension, comprising clinical features such as psychotic-like experiences, increased social alienation, hostility and suspiciousness. METHODS Sample included 35 (female = 26) medication-free, non-psychotic patients consecutively referred from our Department's Outpatient Clinic for acute symptoms of DSM-5 PD with (PDA; N = 29) or without concurrent agoraphobia. Psychometric measures included the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire (ACQ), Body Sensations Questionnaire (BSQ), and panic attacks during last 21 days PA-21d. RESULTS Multiple regression analysis (forward stepwise) revealed that, among all SCL-90-R subscales, the psychoticism-subscale was most significantly associated with panic-related beliefs included in the ACQ, while significant associations emerged between the paranoid ideation-subscale and the ACQ and BSQ measures. Moreover, significant correlations emerged between the SCL-90-R psychoticism-subscale and all three measures of PD symptoms (ACQ, BSQ, PA-21d) and between the SCL-90-R paranoid ideation-subscale and both the ACQ and BSQ. CONCLUSIONS This significant association between levels of psychoticism and severity of panic symptoms may reflect a more severe subtype of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasilios G Masdrakis
- a 1st Department of Psychiatry , Eginition Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Emilia-Maria Legaki
- a 1st Department of Psychiatry , Eginition Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Charalambos Papageorgiou
- a 1st Department of Psychiatry , Eginition Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Manolis Markianos
- a 1st Department of Psychiatry , Eginition Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Early Social Isolation Stress and Perinatal NMDA Receptor Antagonist Treatment Induce Changes in the Structure and Neurochemistry of Inhibitory Neurons of the Adult Amygdala and Prefrontal Cortex. eNeuro 2017; 4:eN-NWR-0034-17. [PMID: 28466069 PMCID: PMC5411163 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0034-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The exposure to aversive experiences during early life influences brain development and leads to altered behavior. Moreover, the combination of these experiences with subtle alterations in neurodevelopment may contribute to the emergence of psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia. Recent hypotheses suggest that imbalances between excitatory and inhibitory (E/I) neurotransmission, especially in the prefrontal cortex and the amygdala, may underlie their etiopathology. In order to understand better the neurobiological bases of these alterations, we studied the impact of altered neurodevelopment and chronic early-life stress on these two brain regions. Transgenic mice displaying fluorescent excitatory and inhibitory neurons, received a single injection of MK801 (NMDAR antagonist) or vehicle solution at postnatal day 7 and/or were socially isolated from the age of weaning until adulthood (3 months old). We found that anxiety-related behavior, brain volume, neuronal structure, and the expression of molecules related to plasticity and E/I neurotransmission in adult mice were importantly affected by early-life stress. Interestingly, many of these effects were potentiated when the stress paradigm was applied to mice perinatally injected with MK801 ("double-hit" model). These results clearly show the impact of early-life stress on the adult brain, especially on the structure and plasticity of inhibitory networks, and highlight the double-hit model as a valuable tool to study the contribution of early-life stress in the emergence of neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia.
Collapse
|
15
|
Petit EI, Michalak Z, Cox R, O'Tuathaigh CMP, Clarke N, Tighe O, Talbot K, Blake D, Joel J, Shaw A, Sheardown SA, Morrison AD, Wilson S, Shapland EM, Henshall DC, Kew JN, Kirby BP, Waddington JL. Dysregulation of Specialized Delay/Interference-Dependent Working Memory Following Loss of Dysbindin-1A in Schizophrenia-Related Phenotypes. Neuropsychopharmacology 2017; 42:1349-1360. [PMID: 27986973 PMCID: PMC5437891 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Dysbindin-1, a protein that regulates aspects of early and late brain development, has been implicated in the pathobiology of schizophrenia. As the functional roles of the three major isoforms of dysbindin-1, (A, B, and C) remain unknown, we generated a novel mutant mouse, dys-1A-/-, with selective loss of dysbindin-1A and investigated schizophrenia-related phenotypes in both males and females. Loss of dysbindin-1A resulted in heightened initial exploration and disruption in subsequent habituation to a novel environment, together with heightened anxiety-related behavior in a stressful environment. Loss of dysbindin-1A was not associated with disruption of either long-term (olfactory) memory or spontaneous alternation behavior. However, dys-1A-/- showed enhancement in delay-dependent working memory under high levels of interference relative to controls, ie, impairment in sensitivity to the disruptive effect of such interference. These findings in dys-1A-/- provide the first evidence for differential functional roles for dysbindin-1A vs dysbindin-1C isoforms among phenotypes relevant to the pathobiology of schizophrenia. Future studies should investigate putative sex differences in these phenotypic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie I Petit
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Zuzanna Michalak
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Rachel Cox
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colm M P O'Tuathaigh
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Niamh Clarke
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Office of Research and Innovation, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Orna Tighe
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Konrad Talbot
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Derek Blake
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Josephine Joel
- Neurology Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, Harlow, UK
- Horizon Discovery, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexander Shaw
- Neurology Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, Harlow, UK
| | - Steven A Sheardown
- Neurology Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, Harlow, UK
- Takeda Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alastair D Morrison
- Neurology Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, Harlow, UK
- Worldwide Business Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | - Stephen Wilson
- Neurology Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, Harlow, UK
- Laboratory Animal Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | - Ellen M Shapland
- Neurology Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, Harlow, UK
| | - David C Henshall
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James N Kew
- Neurology Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, Harlow, UK
| | - Brian P Kirby
- School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John L Waddington
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research & Therapy for Neuro-Psychiatric-Disorders and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Racette EH, Fowler CA, Rempfer MV. State anxiety as a moderator of real world grocery shopping performance among people with serious mental illness. Psychiatry Res 2016; 246:672-675. [PMID: 27825786 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety is frequently overlooked as a factor when examining task performance among individuals with serious mental illness. Given the known effects of anxiety on performance in general populations, it is important to examine anxiety and performance within a serious mental illness population. This study examined state anxiety during a grocery-shopping task among 106 individuals diagnosed with a serious mental illness. Results indicate that state anxiety may impact task performance through its relationship with knowledge about grocery-shopping skills. These data suggest the need to examine further the impact of anxiety on task performance in serious mental illness. Furthermore, the identification and treatment of anxiety in persons with SMI may serve to improve functional outcomes and rehabilitation efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elise H Racette
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri - Kansas City, 324 Cherry Hall, Kansas City, MO 64110, United States
| | - Christopher A Fowler
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri - Kansas City, 324 Cherry Hall, Kansas City, MO 64110, United States
| | - Melisa V Rempfer
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri - Kansas City, 324 Cherry Hall, Kansas City, MO 64110, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Altered cytokine profile, pain sensitivity, and stress responsivity in mice with co-disruption of the developmental genes Neuregulin-1×DISC1. Behav Brain Res 2016; 320:113-118. [PMID: 27916686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The complex genetic origins of many human disorders suggest that epistatic (gene×gene) interactions may contribute to a significant proportion of their heritability estimates and phenotypic heterogeneity. Simultaneous disruption of the developmental genes and schizophrenia risk factors Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) and Disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) in mice has been shown to produce disease-relevant and domain-specific phenotypic profiles different from that observed following disruption of either gene alone. In the current study, anxiety and stress responsivity phenotypes in male and female mutant mice with simultaneous disruption of DISC1 and NRG1 were examined. NRG1×DISC1 mutant mice were generated and adult mice from each genotype were assessed for pain sensitivity (hot plate and tail flick tests), anxiety (light-dark box), and stress-induced hypothermia. Serum samples were assayed to measure circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Mice with the NRG1 mutation, irrespective of DISC1 mutation, spent significantly more time in the light chamber, displayed increased core body temperature following acute stress, and decreased pain sensitivity. Basal serum levels of cytokines IL8, IL1β and IL10 were decreased in NRG1 mutants. Mutation of DISC1, in the absence of epistatic interaction with NRG1, was associated with increased serum levels of IL1β. Epistatic effects were evident for IL6, IL12 and TNFα. NRG1 mutation alters stress and pain responsivity, anxiety, and is associated with changes in basal cytokine levels. Epistasis resulting from synergistic NRG1 and DISC1 gene mutations altered pro-inflammatory cytokine levels relative to the effects of each of these genes individually, highlighting the importance of epistatic mechanisms in immune-related pathology.
Collapse
|
18
|
Jones HJ, Stergiakouli E, Tansey KE, Hubbard L, Heron J, Cannon M, Holmans P, Lewis G, Linden DEJ, Jones PB, Davey Smith G, O'Donovan MC, Owen MJ, Walters JT, Zammit S. Phenotypic Manifestation of Genetic Risk for Schizophrenia During Adolescence in the General Population. JAMA Psychiatry 2016; 73:221-8. [PMID: 26818099 PMCID: PMC5024747 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.3058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Schizophrenia is a highly heritable, polygenic condition characterized by a relatively diverse phenotype and frequent comorbid conditions, such as anxiety and depression. At present, limited evidence explains how genetic risk for schizophrenia is manifest in the general population. OBJECTIVE To investigate the extent to which genetic risk for schizophrenia is associated with different phenotypes during adolescence in a population-based birth cohort. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Of 14,062 children in the birth cohort, genetic data were available for 9912 adolescents. Data were collected periodically from September 6, 1990, and collection is ongoing. Data were analyzed from March 4 to August 13, 2015. EXPOSURES Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for schizophrenia generated for individuals in the ALSPAC cohort using results of the second Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Schizophrenia genome-wide association study as a training set. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Logistic regression was used to assess associations between the schizophrenia PRS and (1) psychotic experiences (Psychosis-Like Symptom Interview at 12 and 18 years of age), (2) negative symptoms (Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences at 16.5 years of age), (3) depressive disorder (Development and Well-Being Assessment at 15.5 years of age), and (4) anxiety disorder (Development and Well-Being Assessment at 15.5 years of age) in adolescence. RESULTS Of the 8230 ALSPAC participants whose genetic data passed quality control checks (51.2% male, 48.8% female), 3676 to 5444 participated in assessments from 12 to 18 years of age. The PRSs created using single-nucleotide polymorphisms with a training-set P ≤ .05 threshold were associated with negative symptoms (odds ratio [OR] per SD increase in PRS, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.08-1.36; R(2) = 0.007) and anxiety disorder (OR per SD increase in PRS, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.06- 1.29; R(2) = 0.005). No evidence was found of an association between schizophrenia PRS and psychotic experiences (OR per SD increase in PRS, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.98-1.19; R(2) = 0.001) or depressive disorder (OR per SD increase in PRS, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.91-1.13; R(2) = 0.00005). Results were mostly consistent across different training-set P value thresholds and using different cutoffs and measures of the psychopathological outcomes. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study demonstrates polygenic overlaps between common genetic polymorphisms associated with schizophrenia and negative symptoms and anxiety disorder but not with psychotic experiences or depression. Because the genetic risk for schizophrenia appears to be manifest as anxiety and negative symptoms during adolescence, a greater focus on these phenotypes rather than on psychotic experiences might be required for prediction of transition in at-risk samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Jones
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, England2Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
| | - Evie Stergiakouli
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
| | - Katherine E Tansey
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
| | - Leon Hubbard
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales
| | - Jon Heron
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
| | - Mary Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin
| | - Peter Holmans
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales
| | - Glyn Lewis
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, England
| | - David E J Linden
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales
| | - Peter B Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England
| | - George Davey Smith
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
| | - Michael C O'Donovan
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales
| | - Michael J Owen
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales
| | - James T Walters
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales
| | - Stanley Zammit
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, England3MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University S
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Attenuated positive psychotic symptoms and social anxiety: Along a psychotic continuum or different constructs? Psychiatry Res 2016; 235:139-47. [PMID: 26657307 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Social anxiety commonly occurs across the course of schizophrenia, including in the premorbid and prodromal phases of psychotic disorders. Some have posited that social anxiety may exist on a continuum with paranoia; however, empirical data are lacking. The study aim was to determine whether attenuated positive psychotic symptoms are related to social anxiety. Young adults (N=1378) were administered the Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ), which measures attenuated positive psychotic symptoms (APPS), and the Social Phobia Scale (SPS), which measures a subset of social anxiety symptoms. Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to address the extent to which social anxiety and APPS tap distinct dimensions. Confirmatory factor analyses support the existence of a separate social anxiety factor scale and four separate, though interrelated, APPS factor domains (unusual thought content, paranoia/suspiciousness, disorganized thinking, and perceptual abnormalities). Additionally, social anxiety was significantly, but not differently related to each APPS domain, although the magnitude was reduced between social anxiety and distressing APPS. The current study suggests that social anxiety and attenuated positive psychotic symptoms are separable constructs, but are significantly associated with each other.
Collapse
|
20
|
Long Noncoding RNA-Directed Epigenetic Regulation of Gene Expression Is Associated With Anxiety-like Behavior in Mice. Biol Psychiatry 2015; 78:848-59. [PMID: 25792222 PMCID: PMC4532653 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RNA-directed regulation of epigenetic processes has recently emerged as an important feature of mammalian differentiation and development. Perturbation of this regulatory system in the brain may contribute to the development of neuropsychiatric disorders. METHODS RNA sequencing was used to identify changes in the experience-dependent expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) within the medial prefrontal cortex of adult mice. Transcripts were validated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and a candidate lncRNA, Gomafu, was selected for further investigation. The functional role of this schizophrenia-related lncRNA was explored in vivo by antisense oligonucleotide-mediated gene knockdown in the medial prefrontal cortex, followed by behavioral training and assessment of fear-related anxiety. Long noncoding RNA-directed epigenetic regulation of gene expression was investigated by chromatin and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. RESULTS RNA sequencing analysis revealed changes in the expression of a significant number of genes related to neural plasticity and stress, as well as the dynamic regulation of lncRNAs. In particular, we detected a significant downregulation of Gomafu lncRNA. Our results revealed that Gomafu plays a role in mediating anxiety-like behavior and suggest that this may occur through an interaction with a key member of the polycomb repressive complex 1, BMI1, which regulates the expression of the schizophrenia-related gene beta crystallin (Crybb1). We also demonstrated a novel role for Crybb1 in mediating fear-induced anxiety-like behavior. CONCLUSIONS Experience-dependent expression of lncRNAs plays an important role in the epigenetic regulation of adaptive behavior, and the perturbation of Gomafu may be related to anxiety and the development of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Collapse
|
21
|
Berretta S, Heckers S, Benes FM. Searching human brain for mechanisms of psychiatric disorders. Implications for studies on schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2015; 167:91-7. [PMID: 25458567 PMCID: PMC4427537 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the past 25years, research on the human brain has been providing a clear path toward understanding the pathophysiology of psychiatric illnesses. The successes that have been accrued are matched by significant difficulties identifying and controlling a large number of potential confounding variables. By systematically and effectively accounting for unwanted variance in data from imaging and postmortem human brain studies, meaningful and reliable information regarding the pathophysiology of human brain disorders can be obtained. This perspective paper focuses on postmortem investigations to discuss some of the most challenging sources of variance, including diagnosis, comorbidity, substance abuse and pharmacological treatment, which confound investigations of the human brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Berretta
- Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Stephan Heckers
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University. 161 21st Ave S. #T1217 Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Francine M. Benes
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Program in Structural and Molecular Neuroscience, 115 Mill St. Belmont MA, 02478, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Williamson K, Kilner K, Clibbens N. A comparison of the nutrient intake of a community-dwelling first-episode psychosis cohort, aged 19-64 years, with data from the UK population. J Nutr Sci 2015; 4:e28. [PMID: 26495120 PMCID: PMC4611081 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2015.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychosis increases the risk of CVD, obesity and type 2 diabetes and reduces life expectancy. There are limited data comparing the dietary habits of community-dwelling first-episode psychosis sufferers - with autonomy over diet - and the general population. The data represent the retrospective evaluation of nutritional data collected between 2007 and 2013 from 143 individuals from the UK population receiving treatment for first-episode psychosis. Differences in mean nutrient intakes between the study cohort and the national sample were tested for statistical significance using independent t tests, incorporating Satterthwaite's correction where required. Mean total energy intake was lower for males (P = 0·049) and higher for females (P = 0·016) in the cohort than in the corresponding subgroups of the national sample. Females in the study cohort consumed 12·9 (95 % CI 4·3, 21·5) g more total fat per d, whilst males consumed 7·7 (95 % CI 0·5, 14·9) g less protein per d than the national sample. Males in the study also showed significantly lower mean intakes than nationally of folate, Fe, Se, vitamin D and Zn, but not vitamin C. The proportion of individuals not meeting the lower reference nutrient intakes, particularly for Se (males 54·0 % and females 57·1 %) and for Fe amongst females (29·6 %), is cause for concern regarding potentially severe deficiencies. Further exploration of dietary habits within first-episode psychosis is warranted to assess whether individuals make beneficial dietary changes for their physical and mental health and wellbeing following dietary change intervention. It would also be pertinent to assess any correlation between diet and mental health symptomology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Williamson
- Rotherham Early Intervention in Psychosis Service, Rotherham Doncaster and South Humber NHS Foundation Trust, 144A Aughton Road, Swallownest Court, Swallownest, Sheffield S26 4TH, UK
| | - Karen Kilner
- Sheffield Hallam University, P102 Montgomery House, 32 Collegiate Crescent, Sheffield S10 2BP, UK
| | - Nicola Clibbens
- Sheffield Hallam University, 36 Collegiate Crescent, Sheffield S10 2BP, UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ketamine administration during the second postnatal week induces enduring schizophrenia-like behavioral symptoms and reduces parvalbumin expression in the medial prefrontal cortex of adult mice. Behav Brain Res 2015; 282:165-75. [PMID: 25591475 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunctions in the GABAergic system are considered a core feature of schizophrenia. Pharmacological blockade of NMDA receptors (NMDAR), or their genetic ablation in parvalbumin (PV)-expressing GABAergic interneurons can induce schizophrenia-like behavior in animals. NMDAR-mediated currents shape the maturation of GABAergic interneurons during a critical period of development, making transient blockade of NMDARs during this period an attractive model for the developmental changes that occur in the course of schizophrenia's pathophysiology. Here, we examined whether developmental administration of the non-competitive NMDAR antagonist ketamine results in persistent deficits in PFC-dependent behaviors in adult animals. Mice received injections of ketamine (30mg/kg) on postnatal days (PND) 7, 9 and 11, and then tested on a battery of behavioral experiments aimed to mimic major symptoms of schizophrenia in adulthood (between PND 90 and 120). Ketamine treatment reduced the number of cells that expressed PV in the PFC by ∼60% as previously described. Ketamine affected performance in an attentional set-shifting task, impairing the ability of the animals to perform an extradimensional shift to acquire a new strategy. Ketamine-treated animals showed deficits in latent inhibition, novel-object recognition and social novelty detection compared to their SAL-treated littermates. These deficits were not a result of generalized anxiety, as both groups performed comparably on an elevated plus maze. Ketamine treatment did not cause changes in amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion that are often taken as measures for the positive-like symptoms of the disorder. Thus, ketamine administration during development appears to be a useful model for inducing cognitive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
Collapse
|
24
|
Garay RP, Samalin L, Hameg A, Llorca PM. Investigational drugs for anxiety in patients with schizophrenia. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2014; 24:507-17. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2014.987339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo P Garay
- 1Université Paris-Sud et Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, INSERM U999, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- 2Craven, Villemoisson-sur-Orge, France ;
| | - Ludovic Samalin
- 3Clermont-Ferrand University, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, EA 7280, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Girardi CEN, Zanta NC, Suchecki D. Neonatal stress-induced affective changes in adolescent Wistar rats: early signs of schizophrenia-like behavior. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:319. [PMID: 25309370 PMCID: PMC4159973 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are multifactorial diseases with etiology that may involve genetic factors, early life environment and stressful life events. The neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia is based on a wealth of data on increased vulnerability in individuals exposed to insults during the perinatal period. Maternal deprivation (MD) disinhibits the adrenocortical response to stress in neonatal rats and has been used as an animal model of schizophrenia. To test if long-term affective consequences of early life stress were influenced by maternal presence, we submitted 10-day old rats, either deprived (for 22 h) or not from their dams, to a stress challenge (i.p. saline injection). Corticosterone plasma levels were measured 2 h after the challenge, whereas another subgroup was assessed for behavior in the open field, elevated plus maze (EPM), social investigation and the negative contrast sucrose consumption test in adolescence (postnatal day 45). Maternally deprived rats exhibited increased plasma corticosterone (CORT) levels which were higher in maternally deprived and stress challenged pups. Social investigation was impaired in maternally deprived rats only, while saline injection, independently of MD, was associated with increased anxiety-like behavior in the EPM and an impaired intake decrement in the negative sucrose contrast. In the open field, center exploration was reduced in all maternally-deprived adolescents and in control rats challenged with saline injection. The most striking finding was that exposure to a stressful stimulus per se, regardless of MD, was linked to differential emotional consequences. We therefore propose that besides being a well-known and validated model of schizophrenia in adult rats, the MD paradigm could be extended to model early signs of psychiatric dysfunction, and would particularly be a useful tool to detect early signs that resemble schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo Neves Girardi
- Department of Psychobiology - Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Natália Cristina Zanta
- Department of Psychobiology - Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Deborah Suchecki
- Department of Psychobiology - Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Koido K, Janno S, Traks T, Parksepp M, Ljubajev Ü, Veiksaar P, Must A, Shlik J, Vasar V, Vasar E. Associations between polymorphisms of LSAMP gene and schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2014; 215:797-8. [PMID: 24491686 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore relationships between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the limbic system-associated membrane protein (LSAMP) gene and schizophrenia. Twenty-two SNPs were analysed in 127 unrelated schizophrenic patients and in 171 healthy controls. The results showed significant allelic and haplotypic associations between LSAMP gene and schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kati Koido
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; Centre of Excellence for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Sven Janno
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tanel Traks
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; Centre of Excellence for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Madis Parksepp
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ülle Ljubajev
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Peeter Veiksaar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anne Must
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; Centre of Excellence for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jakov Shlik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Veiko Vasar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eero Vasar
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; Centre of Excellence for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Vodušek VV, Parnas J, Tomori M, Škodlar B. The phenomenology of emotion experience in first-episode psychosis. Psychopathology 2014; 47:252-60. [PMID: 24481376 DOI: 10.1159/000357759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although it has been suggested that disturbances in emotion experience and regulation play a central role in the aetiology and psychopathology of schizophrenia spectrum disorders, the phenomenology of emotion experience in schizophrenia remains under-researched. SAMPLING AND METHODS In-depth interviews were conducted twice with each of the 20 participants (firstly at admission and secondly 6 months later). Data collection and analysis were guided by the principles of phenomenological study of lived experience. RESULTS The emotion experiences described by our participants vary greatly in both quality and intensity, but appear to have a common phenomenology. Anxiety is reported as the basic emotion which buffers, transforms and sometimes supplants all others. Emotions in general are experienced as foreign, unstable and perturbing, thereby contributing greatly to feelings of ambivalence, perplexity and an unstable sense of self in general. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study have important therapeutic and theoretical implications because they suggest that emotion experiences in schizophrenia spectrum disorders may underlie a wide range of psychopathological phenomena in both the cognitive and social functioning domains. Due to the relatively small sample size and its selection from psychotherapeutic units, the results may not be generalizable to all schizophrenia patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V V Vodušek
- University Psychiatric Hospital Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Regulator of calcineurin 1 modulates expression of innate anxiety and anxiogenic responses to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment. J Neurosci 2013; 33:16930-44. [PMID: 24155299 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3513-12.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) controls the activity of calcium/calmodulin-dependent phosphatase calcineurin (CaN), which has been implicated in human anxiety disorders. Previously, we reported that RCAN1 functioned as an inhibitor of CaN activity in the brain. However, we now find enhanced phosphorylation of a CaN substrate, cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), in the brains of Rcan1 knock-out (KO) mice. Consistent with enhanced CREB activation, we also observe enhanced expression of a CREB transcriptional target, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in Rcan1 KO mice. We also discovered that RCAN1 deletion or blockade of RCAN1-CaN interaction reduced CaN and protein phosphatase-1 localization to nuclear-enriched protein fractions and promoted CREB activation. Because of the potential links between CREB, BDNF, and anxiety, we examined the role of RCAN1 in the expression of innate anxiety. Rcan1 KO mice displayed reduced anxiety in several tests of unconditioned anxiety. Acute pharmacological inhibition of CaN rescued these deficits while transgenic overexpression of human RCAN1 increased anxiety. Finally, we found that Rcan1 KO mice lacked the early anxiogenic response to the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine and had improved latency for its therapeutic anxiolytic effects. Together, our study suggests that RCAN1 plays an important role in the expression of anxiety-related and SSRI-related behaviors through CaN-dependent signaling pathways. These results identify RCAN1 as a mediator of innate emotional states and possible therapeutic target for anxiety.
Collapse
|