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Ong CB, Annuar MSM. Potentialities of Tannase-Treated Green Tea Extract in Nutraceutical and Therapeutic Applications. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-024-04946-y. [PMID: 38713339 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-024-04946-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Green tea has garnered widespread interest in the past decades due to its content of health-beneficial polyphenols and catechins, besides reportedly exhibiting activities for the prevention, and possibly treatment, of many modern-life-associated afflictions. Hence, the functional food potential of health-beneficial beverages such as green tea is widely and commercially promoted. Biotransformation of green tea extract using enzymes such as tannase ostensibly enhances its beneficial well-being properties and disease-preventing functionalities. The tannase-treated green tea catechins may exhibit enhanced, amongst others, antioxidant, anti-tumour, anti-wrinkle, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity and anti-sarcopenia properties compared to native green tea extract. Nonetheless, the health benefits and therapeutic and toxicological effects associated with these compounds, before and after tannase treatment, present a scientific gap for detailed studies. Accordingly, the review surveys the literature from the late twentieth century until the year 2023 related to the aforementioned important aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Boon Ong
- School of Science and Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Science, International University of Malaya-Wales, 50480, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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2
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Daher CC, Barreto SMAG, de Brito Damasceno GA, de Santana Oliveira A, Leite PIP, Reginaldo FPS, Escudeiro CC, Ostrosky EA, Giordani RB, Ferrari M. Use of sisal industrial waste (Agave sisalana Perrine) in sustainable and multifunctional cosmetic products. Int J Cosmet Sci 2023; 45:815-833. [PMID: 37565318 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sisal is a common stiff fibre produced around the world, corresponding to approximately 70% of the commercial production of all fibres of this type. The fibres are extracted from the leaves of Agave sisalana, from which approximately 4% of their weight is obtained, with the remaining 96% considered to be residues from the process of the sisal industry. The objective of this work was to obtain a polyphenol-enriched extract from the A. sisalana residue by ultrasonically assisted extraction, characterize it chemically, evaluate in vitro antioxidant activity, and develop safe and stable photoprotective formulations for future application in cosmetic preparations. METHODS Ultrasonic extraction of solid plant material was performed using 50% ethanol/water (v/v). The extract was chemically characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography equipment associated with classical molecular networking and evaluated for in vitro antioxidant activity by different methodologies. Ten formulations were prepared, varying the component concentrations and the shear time. The 1.0% sisal extract was incorporated into the most stable formulations, and preliminary and accelerated stability were evaluated. The emulsions were investigated for safety by assessment of primary accumulated dermal irritability and sensitization and a dermatological clinical study of phototoxicity and photosensitization. The photoprotective formulations containing or not containing the extract that were stable after 90 days had their in vivo sun protection factor (SPF), UVA protection factor, critical wavelength, and protection against visible and blue light determined. RESULTS Ultrasound extraction using 50% ethanol/water (EH 50) as an extractor vehicle showed the best yield. The extract exhibited a concentration of phenolic compounds (77.93 mg of equivalent to the standard gallic acid/g) and showed in vitro antioxidant activity. Emulsions without and with 1.0% sisal extract remained stable and safe. The addition of the extract to the photoprotective formulation statistically increased the SPF when compared to the formulation without the extract and offered protection against UVA radiation, critical wavelengths, and absorption of visible and blue light. CONCLUSION Based on the findings, the solid residue of A. sisalana may be indicated as a component of photoprotective and antioxidant cosmetic formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Cecílio Daher
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriel Azevedo de Brito Damasceno
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
| | - Artur de Santana Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Pedro Ivo Palacio Leite
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | | | - Elissa Arantes Ostrosky
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Raquel Brandt Giordani
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Márcio Ferrari
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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Kapoor MP, Sugita M, Fukuzawa Y, Timm D, Ozeki M, Okubo T. Green Tea Catechin Association with Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced Erythema: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123702. [PMID: 34204433 PMCID: PMC8233826 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Catechins are a part of the chemical family of flavonoids, a naturally occurring antioxidant, and a secondary metabolite in certain plants. Green tea catechins are well recognized for their essential anti-inflammatory, photo-protective, antioxidant, and chemo-preventive functions. Ultraviolet radiation is a principal cause of damage to the skin. Studies observed that regular intake of green tea catechins increased the minimal dose of radiation required to induce erythema. The objectives of this systematic review and meta-analysis are to determine the effectiveness of green tea catechins in cutaneous erythema and elucidate whether green tea catechin consumption protects against erythema (sunburn) inflammation. A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify the relevant studies. Two researchers carried out independent screening, data extraction, and quality assessment according to the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). The pooled effect of green tea catechins on protection against erythema was assessed using approaches fixed-effects or random-effects model to quantify the effectiveness of green tea catechins in the erythema dose-response. Studies not be included in meta-analyses were summarized narratively. Six randomized controlled studies of enrolled studies regularly administrated green tea catechins orally for 6 to 12 weeks involving healthy volunteers comprising a total of 100 participants were included in the analysis. The results revealed green tea catechins have favorable protection against erythema inflammation even at increased minimal erythema dose (MED) of ultraviolet radiation. Meta-analysis results confirm oral supplementation of green tea catechins is highly effective at low-intensity ultraviolet radiation-induced erythema response (MED range; 1.25-1.30) compared to placebo, showing a significant pooling difference (p = 0.002) in erythema index (SMD: -0.35; 95% CI, -0.57 to -0.13; I2 = 4%, p = 0.40) in the random-effects model. The pro-inflammatory signaling pathways through oral supplementation with green tea catechins are an attractive strategy for photo-protection in healthy human subjects and could represent a complementary approach to topical sunscreens. Therefore, studies that involved green tea catechin in topical applications to human subjects were also evaluated separately, and their meta-analysis is presented as a reference. The evidence indicates that regular green tea catechin supplementation is associated with protection against UV-induced damage due to erythema inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra P. Kapoor
- Nutrition Division, Taiyo Kagaku Co. Ltd., 1-3 Takaramachi, Yokkaichi 510-0844, Japan; (M.O.); (T.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-70-6479-6004
| | - Masaaki Sugita
- Faculty of Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, 7-1-1 Fukusawa, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo 158-8508, Japan;
| | - Yoshitaka Fukuzawa
- Preemptive and Integrative Medicine Center, Aichi Medical University Hospital, 1-1 Karimata, Yazako, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan;
| | - Derek Timm
- Taiyo International Inc., 5960 Golden Hills Dr, Minneapolis, MN 55416, USA;
| | - Makoto Ozeki
- Nutrition Division, Taiyo Kagaku Co. Ltd., 1-3 Takaramachi, Yokkaichi 510-0844, Japan; (M.O.); (T.O.)
| | - Tsutomu Okubo
- Nutrition Division, Taiyo Kagaku Co. Ltd., 1-3 Takaramachi, Yokkaichi 510-0844, Japan; (M.O.); (T.O.)
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Hong KB, Lee HS, Hong JS, Kim DH, Moon JM, Park Y. Effects of tannase-converted green tea extract on skeletal muscle development. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:47. [PMID: 32046706 PMCID: PMC7076851 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-2827-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of tannase-converted green tea extract with a high (-)-epicatechin (EC), (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), and gallic acid (GA) content on myotube density and fusion in normal and oxidative stress-induced C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. Although the use of green tea extract is considered beneficial, cellular and molecular mechanisms of action of tannase-converted green tea extracts that are used as potential muscle growth materials have not been thoroughly studied. METHODS This study used histological analysis and molecular biology techniques, and compared the results with those for AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribonucleoside (AICAR) and green tea extracts. RESULTS The myotube density of normal and oxidative stress-induced C2C12 cells was significantly higher in the tannase-converted green tea extract-treated group than that observed in the other groups (normal cells: P < 0.01; oxidative stress-induced cells: P < 0.05). In addition, tannase-converted green tea extract and green tea extract treatments significantly upregulated the genetic expression of myogenin, Myf5, and MyoD (P < 0.05). The levels of AMP-activated protein kinase-α (AMPKα) and muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF-1) in the tannase-converted green tea extract group were higher than those in the AICAR and green tea extract groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings describe that the high levels of EC, EGC, and GA in the tannase-converted green tea extract are attributable to the morphological changes in C2C12 cells and intercellular signaling pathways. Therefore, tannase-converted green tea extract can be used in the treatment of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Bae Hong
- BK21 Plus, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Seok Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Sup Hong
- Animal Center and Preclinical Evaluation Research Institute, Yonam College, Cheonan, 31005, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyeon Kim
- BTC Corporation, #703, Technology Development Center, 705 Haean-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Myung Moon
- BTC Corporation, #703, Technology Development Center, 705 Haean-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yooheon Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea.
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Sharma KP. Tannin degradation by phytopathogen's tannase: A Plant's defense perspective. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Takshak S, Agrawal SB. Defense potential of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants under UV-B stress. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 193:51-88. [PMID: 30818154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation has, for many decades now, been widely studied with respect to its consequences on plant and animal health. Though according to NASA, the ozone hole is on its way to recovery, it will still be a considerable time before UV-B levels reach pre-industrial limits. Thus, for the present, excessive UV-B reaching the Earth is a cause for concern, and UV-B related human ailments are on the rise. Plants produce various secondary metabolites as one of the defense strategies under UV-B. They provide photoprotection via their UV-B screening effects and by quenching the reactive oxygen- and nitrogen species produced under UV-B influence. These properties of plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) are being increasingly recognized and made use of in sunscreens and cosmetics, and pharma- and nutraceuticals are gradually becoming a part of the regular diet. Secondary metabolites derived from medicinal plants (alkaloids, terpenoids, and phenolics) are a source of pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, as well as more rigorously tested and regulated drugs. These metabolites have been implicated in providing protection not only to plants under the influence of UV-B, but also to animals/animal cell lines, when the innate defenses in the latter are not adequate under UV-B-induced damage. The present review focuses on the defense potential of secondary metabolites derived from medicinal plants in both plants and animals. In plants, the concentrations of the alkaloids, terpenes/terpenoids, and phenolics have been discussed under UV-B irradiation as well as the fate of the genes and enzymes involved in their biosynthetic pathways. Their role in providing protection to animal models subjected to UV-B has been subsequently elucidated. Finally, we discuss the possible futuristic scenarios and implications for plant, animal, and human health pertaining to the defense potential of these secondary metabolites under UV-B radiation-mediated damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swabha Takshak
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - S B Agrawal
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India.
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Brand RM, Wipf P, Durham A, Epperly MW, Greenberger JS, Falo LD. Targeting Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress to Mitigate UV-Induced Skin Damage. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:920. [PMID: 30177881 PMCID: PMC6110189 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Unmitigated UV radiation (UVR) induces skin photoaging and multiple forms of cutaneous carcinoma by complex pathways that include those mediated by UV-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS). Upon UVR exposure, a cascade of events is induced that overwhelms the skin’s natural antioxidant defenses and results in DNA damage, intracellular lipid and protein peroxidation, and the dysregulation of pathways that modulate inflammatory and apoptotic responses. To this end, natural products with potent antioxidant properties have been developed to prevent, mitigate, or reverse this damage with varying degrees of success. Mitochondria are particularly susceptible to ROS and subsequent DNA damage as they are a major intracellular source of oxidants. Therefore, the development of mitochondrially targeted agents to mitigate mitochondrial oxidative stress and resulting DNA damage is a logical approach to prevent and treat UV-induced skin damage. We summarize evidence that some existing natural products may reduce mitochondrial oxidative stress and support for synthetically generated mitochondrial targeted cyclic nitroxides as potential alternatives for the prevention and mitigation of UVR-induced skin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda M Brand
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Austin Durham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Michael W Epperly
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Joel S Greenberger
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Louis D Falo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Deuschle VCKN, Brusco I, Piana M, Faccin H, de Carvalho LM, Oliveira SM, Viana C. Persea americana Mill. crude extract exhibits antinociceptive effect on UVB radiation-induced skin injury in mice. Inflammopharmacology 2018; 27:323-338. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-018-0441-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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9
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Sharma P, Montes de Oca MK, Alkeswani AR, McClees SF, Das T, Elmets CA, Afaq F. Tea polyphenols for the prevention of UVB-induced skin cancer. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2017; 34:50-59. [PMID: 29044724 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer with increasing incidence rate and public health burden. Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation causes an array of damaging cellular and molecular events that eventually lead to the development of skin cancer. Despite increased awareness about sun protection, the exposure rate remains high with less than 15% of men and 30% of women using sunscreen on a regular basis. Therefore, there is an imperative need for the development of novel preventive approaches. Skin cancer chemoprevention using phytochemicals either as dietary supplements or by topical applications has gained considerable attention due to their low toxicity, availability, and anticarcinogenic properties. Tea, the second most commonly consumed beverage in the world, is a rich source of promising phytochemicals known as polyphenols. In this review, we discuss the findings of various in vitro, in vivo and human studies signifying the chemopreventive effects of tea polyphenols against UVB-induced skin cancer. This is accomplished by exploring the role of tea polyphenols in DNA repair, inflammation, oxidative stress, signaling pathways, and epigenetics. Finally, this review discusses a variety of innovative delivery methods that enhance the photochemopreventive effects of tea polyphenols against skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Sharma
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mary K Montes de Oca
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Amena R Alkeswani
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sarah F McClees
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Tanushree Das
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Craig A Elmets
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Farrukh Afaq
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Wang YS, Cho JG, Hwang ES, Yang JE, Gao W, Fang MZ, Zheng SD, Yi TH. Enhancement of Protective Effects of Radix Scutellariae on UVB-induced Photo Damage in Human HaCaT Keratinocytes. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 184:1073-1093. [PMID: 28948464 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2611-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Radix Scutellariae (RS) has long been used in the treatment of inflammatory and allergic diseases. Its main flavonoids, baicalin (BG) and wogonoside (WG), can be hydrolyzed into their corresponding aglycones, baicalein (B) and wogonin (W). In this study, we developed a safe and effective method of transforming these glycosides using Peclyve PR. The transformation rate of BG and WG reached 98.5 and 98.1%, respectively, with 10% enzyme at 40 °C for 60 h. Furthermore, we compared the anti-photoaging activity of RS before and after enzyme treatment, as well as their respective main components, in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. Results found that enzyme-treated RS (ERS) appeared to be much better at preventing UVB-induced photoaging than RS. ERS significantly inhibited the upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and IL-6 caused by UVB radiation by inactivating the MAPK/AP-1 and NF-κB/IκB-α signaling pathways. ERS treatment also recovered UVB-induced reduction of procollagen type I by activating the TGF-β/Smad pathway. In addition, ERS exhibited an excellent antioxidant activity, which could increase the expression of cytoprotective antioxidants such as HO-1 and NQ-O1, by facilitating Nrf2 nuclear transfer. These findings demonstrated that the photoprotective effects of RS were significantly improved by enzyme-modified biotransformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shuai Wang
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Material and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University Global Campus, 1732, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Gyeong Cho
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Material and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University Global Campus, 1732, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Son Hwang
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Material and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University Global Campus, 1732, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Yang
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Material and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University Global Campus, 1732, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Material and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University Global Campus, 1732, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Zhe Fang
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Material and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University Global Campus, 1732, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Sheng-Dao Zheng
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Material and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University Global Campus, 1732, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hoo Yi
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Material and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University Global Campus, 1732, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea.
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Avadhani KS, Manikkath J, Tiwari M, Chandrasekhar M, Godavarthi A, Vidya SM, Hariharapura RC, Kalthur G, Udupa N, Mutalik S. Skin delivery of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and hyaluronic acid loaded nano-transfersomes for antioxidant and anti-aging effects in UV radiation induced skin damage. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:61-74. [PMID: 28155509 PMCID: PMC8253143 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2016.1228718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work attempts to develop and statistically optimize transfersomes containing EGCG and hyaluronic acid to synergize the UV radiation-protective ability of both compounds, along with imparting antioxidant and anti-aging effects. Transfersomes were prepared by thin film hydration technique, using soy phosphatidylcholine and sodium cholate, combined with high-pressure homogenization. They were characterized with respect to size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, morphology, entrapment efficiency, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), in vitro antioxidant activity and ex vivo skin permeation studies. Cell viability, lipid peroxidation, intracellular ROS levels and expression of MMPs (2 and 9) were determined in human keratinocyte cell lines (HaCaT). The composition of the transfersomes was statistically optimized by Design of Experiments using Box–Behnken design with four factors at three levels. The optimized transfersome formulation showed vesicle size, polydispersity index and zeta potential of 101.2 ± 6.0 nm, 0.245 ± 0.069 and −44.8 ± 5.24 mV, respectively. FTIR and DSC showed no interaction between EGCG and the selected excipients. XRD results revealed no form conversion of EGCG in its transfersomal form. The optimized transfersomes were found to increase the cell viability and reduce the lipid peroxidation, intracellular ROS and expression of MMPs in HaCaT cells. The optimized transfersomal formulation of EGCG and HA exhibited considerably higher skin permeation and deposition of EGCG than that observed with plain EGCG. The results underline the potential application of the developed transfersomes in sunscreen cream/lotions for improvement of UV radiation-protection along with deriving antioxidant and anti-aging effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran S Avadhani
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University , Manipal , India
| | - Jyothsna Manikkath
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University , Manipal , India
| | - Mradul Tiwari
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University , Manipal , India
| | - Misra Chandrasekhar
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University , Manipal , India
| | - Ashok Godavarthi
- c Radiant Research Services Pvt. Ltd, Peenya Industrial Area , Bangalore , India
| | - Shimoga M Vidya
- d Department of Biotechnology , NMAM Institute of Technology, Nitte University , Nitte , India , and
| | - Raghu C Hariharapura
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University , Manipal , India
| | - Guruprasad Kalthur
- e Department of Clinical Embryology , Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University , Manipal , India
| | - Nayanabhirama Udupa
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University , Manipal , India
| | - Srinivas Mutalik
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University , Manipal , India
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Qi G, Mi Y, Fan R, Li R, Wang Y, Li X, Huang S, Liu X. Tea polyphenols ameliorate hydrogen peroxide- and constant darkness-triggered oxidative stress via modulating the Keap1/Nrf2 transcriptional signaling pathway in HepG2 cells and mice liver. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra05000c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea polyphenols alleviate oxidative stressviamodulating the Keap1/Nrf2 transcriptional signaling pathway in HepG2 cells and the liver of mice kept in constant darkness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyuan Qi
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- China
| | - Yashi Mi
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- China
| | - Rong Fan
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- China
| | - Runnan Li
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- China
| | - Yiwen Wang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- China
| | - Xingyu Li
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- China
| | - Shuxian Huang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- China
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Antonopoulou I, Varriale S, Topakas E, Rova U, Christakopoulos P, Faraco V. Enzymatic synthesis of bioactive compounds with high potential for cosmeceutical application. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:6519-6543. [PMID: 27276911 PMCID: PMC4939304 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7647-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cosmeceuticals are cosmetic products containing biologically active ingredients purporting to offer a pharmaceutical therapeutic benefit. The active ingredients can be extracted and purified from natural sources (botanicals, herbal extracts, or animals) but can also be obtained biotechnologically by fermentation and cell cultures or by enzymatic synthesis and modification of natural compounds. A cosmeceutical ingredient should possess an attractive property such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, skin whitening, anti-aging, anti-wrinkling, or photoprotective activity, among others. During the past years, there has been an increased interest on the enzymatic synthesis of bioactive esters and glycosides based on (trans)esterification, (trans)glycosylation, or oxidation reactions. Natural bioactive compounds with exceptional theurapeutic properties and low toxicity may offer a new insight into the design and development of potent and beneficial cosmetics. This review gives an overview of the enzymatic modifications which are performed currently for the synthesis of products with attractive properties for the cosmeceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Io Antonopoulou
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Simona Varriale
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Evangelos Topakas
- Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15700, Athens, Greece
| | - Ulrika Rova
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Paul Christakopoulos
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Vincenza Faraco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
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Siddique YH, Ali F. Protective effect of epigallocatechin gallate against N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) induced toxicity in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/23312025.2016.1141451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Hasan Siddique
- Section of Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Fahad Ali
- Section of Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Fatemi MJ, Nikoomaram B, Rahimi AAK, Talayi D, Taghavi S, Ghavami Y. Effect of green tea on the second degree burn wounds in rats. Indian J Plast Surg 2015; 47:370-4. [PMID: 25593422 PMCID: PMC4292114 DOI: 10.4103/0970-0358.146593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Various studies indicate that the green tea has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. Moreover, a few studies have been carried out that demonstrate beneficial effects of green tea on burned patients. Materials and Methods: In this study, green tea, Vaseline, and silver sulfadiazine dressings were used as first-aid treatment to deep dermal contact burns in rats, compared with a control of nothing. After creating second-degree burn on the dorsum of rats, the treatments were applied for 15 min in four groups. Wound dressing changes were daily. Macroscopic study was performed on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 by using a digital camera and software processing of photos. Microscopic examination was done by pathologic evaluation of skin specimens on day 14. Results: We observed that green tea usage significantly decreased burn size in comparison to the control group (P = 0.004). Conclusion: Green tea is effective on healing process of second degree burn wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javad Fatemi
- Departments of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hazrat Fateme Hospital and Burn Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Nikoomaram
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Donya Talayi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Taghavi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yaser Ghavami
- Departments of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hazrat Fateme Hospital and Burn Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Lorencini M, Brohem CA, Dieamant GC, Zanchin NI, Maibach HI. Active ingredients against human epidermal aging. Ageing Res Rev 2014; 15:100-15. [PMID: 24675046 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The decisive role of the epidermis in maintaining body homeostasis prompted studies to evaluate the changes in epidermal structure and functionality over the lifetime. This development, along with the identification of molecular mechanisms of epidermal signaling, maintenance, and differentiation, points to a need for new therapeutic alternatives to treat and prevent skin aging. In addition to recovering age- and sun-compromised functions, proper treatment of the epidermis has important esthetic implications. This study reviews active ingredients capable of counteracting symptoms of epidermal aging, organized according to the regulation of specific age-affected epidermal functions: (1) several compounds, other than retinoids and derivatives, act on the proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes, supporting the protective barrier against mechanical and chemical insults; (2) natural lipidic compounds, as well as glycerol and urea, are described as agents for maintaining water-ion balance; (3) regulation of immunological pathogen defense can be reinforced by natural extracts and compounds, such as resveratrol; and (4) antioxidant exogenous sources enriched with flavonoids and vitamin C, for example, improve solar radiation protection and epidermal antioxidant activity. The main objective is to provide a functional classification of active ingredients as regulatory elements of epidermal homeostasis, with potential cosmetic and/or dermatological applications.
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Simultaneous detection of green tea catechins and gallic acid in human serum after ingestion of green tea tablets using ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 945-946:147-53. [PMID: 24342507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We developed an analytical method for the simultaneous determination of tea catechins and gallic acid (GA) in human serum using ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. GA was measured to estimate the amount of gallate moiety produced by degradation of gallated catechins ((-)-epicatechin-3-gallate, ECG; (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, EGCG). Ethyl gallate was adopted as an internal standard to correct for the extraction efficiency. To maximize extraction efficiency, a hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filter was selected for pre-treatment prior to separation. HPLC separation was performed using a C18 reversed-phase column with a gradient mobile phase of phosphate buffer (pH 2.5) containing tetrahexylammonium hydrogensulfate as an ion-pair reagent. Using this method, (-)-epicatechin (EC), (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), ECG, EGCG, ethyl gallate, and GA were detected as single peaks. The resolution values for target analytes were 4.0-13.0 and the mean values of the absolute recoveries of catechins and GA were 77.3-93.9%. The detection limits for catechins and GA in serum were 0.4-3.1ng/mL. The serum catechin levels of eight healthy volunteers after ingestion of a single dose of green tea tablets were measured using this method. The concentration of total catechins (free+conjugated forms) in serum peaked 60min after ingestion. From these results, this method is thought to enable the simultaneous quantification of GA, the hydrolysis product of gallated catechins, and target catechins, and to be sufficiently sensitive for pharmacokinetic studies of catechins following oral administration of green tea.
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Protective mechanisms of green tea polyphenols in skin. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2012; 2012:560682. [PMID: 22792414 PMCID: PMC3390139 DOI: 10.1155/2012/560682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Skin is frequently exposed to a variety of environmental, chemical, and genotoxic agents that contribute to disease and carcinogenesis. Ultraviolet light (UVR) is the main external stress that leads to immunosuppresion, oxidative stress, premature aging, and tumor formation. Scientists and health professionals emphasize the importance of prevention strategies to circumvent such unfavorable outcomes. Plant polyphenols are a promising approach to disease prevention and treatment. Green tea is an abundant source of plant polyphenols that exhibit significant antioxidant, chemopreventive, and immunomodulatory effects in protecting the skin.
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