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Yin H, Jing Y, Lin Y, Song N, Zong H, Wang F, Li S, Song X, Hou H, Guan YS, Zong Q, Liu J. Phosphorus and selenium compounding mitigates Cr stress in peanut seedlings by enhancing growth homeostasis and antioxidant properties. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:50929-50941. [PMID: 39107637 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34193-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Peanut is an economically important crop, but it is susceptible to Cr contamination. In this study, we used peanut as experimental material to investigate the effects of exogenous P, Se interacting with Cr on the nutrient growth and antioxidant system of peanut seedlings by simulating Cr (0 μM, 50 μM, and 100 μM) stress environment. The results showed that exogenous P, Se supply could mitigate irreversible damage to peanut seedlings by altering the distribution of Cr in roots and aboveground, changing root conformation, and repairing damaged cells to promote growth. When the Cr concentration is 100 μM, it exhibits the highest toxicity. Compared to the control group P and Se (0 MM), the treatment with simultaneous addition of P + Se (0.5 + 6.0) resulted in a significant increase in root length and root tip number by 248.7% and 127.4%, respectively. Additionally, there was a 46.9% increase in chlorophyll content, a 190.2% increase in total surface area of the seedlings, and a respective increase of 149.1% and 180.3% in soluble protein content in the shoot and roots. In addition, by restricting the absorption of Cr and reducing the synthesis of superoxide dismutase SOD (Superoxide dismutase), CAT (Catalase), POD (Peroxidase), and MDA (Malonaldehyde), it effectively alleviates the oxidative stress on the antioxidant system. Therefore, the exogenous addition of P (0.5 MM) and Se (6.0 MM) prevented the optimal concentration of chromium toxicity to peanuts. Our research provides strong evidence that the exogenous combination of P and Se reduces the risk of peanut poisoning by Cr, while also exploring the optimal concentration of exogenous P and Se under laboratory conditions, providing a basis for further field experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Yin
- School of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yongping Jing
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Yunqing Lin
- Qingdao Environmental Protection Sciences Research and Design Co. Ltd, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Qingdao Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Ningning Song
- School of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Haiying Zong
- School of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Fangli Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Shaojing Li
- Science and Information College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xin Song
- School of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Hong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yuxian Shang Guan
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Quanli Zong
- School of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Jun Liu
- School of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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Alghanem SMS, Alsudays IM, Farid M, Sarfraz W, Ishaq HK, Farid S, Zubair M, Khalid N, Aslam MA, Abbas M, Abeed AHA. Evaluation of heavy metal accumulation and tolerance in oxalic acid-treated Phragmites australis wetlands for textile effluent remediation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2024; 26:2048-2063. [PMID: 38963119 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2024.2372849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Water contamination with metals poses significant environmental challenges. The occurrence of heavy metals (HMs) prompts modifications in plant structures, emphasizing the necessity of employing focused safeguarding measures. Cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and chromium (Cr) emerge as particularly menacing toxins due to their high accumulation potential. Increasing the availability of organic acids is crucial for optimizing toxic metal removal via phytoremediation. This constructed wetland system (CWs) was used to determine how oxalic acid (OA) treatments of textile wastewater (WW) effluents affected morpho-physiological characteristics, antioxidant enzyme activity, oxidative stress, and HM concentrations in Phragmites australis. Multiple treatments, comprising the application of OA at a concentration of 10 mM and WW at different dilutions (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%), were employed, with three replications of each treatment. WW stress decreased chlorophyll and carotenoid content, and concurrently enhanced HMs adsorption and antioxidant enzyme activities. Furthermore, the application of WW was found to elevate oxidative stress levels, whereas the presence of OA concurrently mitigated this oxidative stress. Similarly, WW negatively affected soil-plant analysis development (SPAD) and the total soluble proteins (SP) in both roots and shoots. Conversely, these parameters showed improvement with OA treatments. P. australis showed the potential to enhance HM accumulation under 100% WW stress. Specifically, there is an increase in root SP ranging from 9% to 39%, an increase in shoot SP from 6% to 91%, and an elevation in SPAD values from 4% to 64% compared to their respective treatments lacking OA inclusion. The OA addition resulted in decreased EL contents in the root and shoot by 10%-19% and 13%-15%, MDA by 9%-14% and 9%-20%, and H2O2 by 14%-21% and 9%-17%, in comparison to the respective treatments without OA. Interestingly, the findings further revealed that the augmentation of OA also contributed to an increased accumulation of Cr, Cd, and Pb. Specifically, at 100% WW with OA (10 mM), the concentrations of Cr, Pb, and Cd in leaves rose by 164%, 447%, and 350%, in stems by 213%, 247%, and 219%, and in roots by 155%, 238%, and 195%, respectively. The chelating agent oxalic acid effectively alleviated plant toxicity induced by toxins. Overall, our findings demonstrate the remarkable tolerance of P. australis to elevated concentrations of WW stress, positioning it as an eco-friendly candidate for industrial effluent remediation. This plant exhibits efficacy in restoring contaminants present in textile effluents, and notably, oxalic acid emerges as a promising agent for the phytoextraction of HMs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mujahid Farid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Wajiha Sarfraz
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
- Australia Rivers Institute and School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
| | - Hafiz Khuzama Ishaq
- Department of Engineering, Unversità degli studi della compania LuigiVanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Sheharyaar Farid
- Earth and Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Noreen Khalid
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arslan Aslam
- Department of Biological and Environment Sciences, University of Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Mohsin Abbas
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Amany H A Abeed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Yu Q, Gao B, Wu P, Chen M, He C, Zhang X. Effects of microplastics on the phytoremediation of Cd, Pb, and Zn contaminated soils by Solanum photeinocarpum and Lantana camara. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116312. [PMID: 37270082 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are emerging pollutants and have become a global environmental issue. The impacts of microplastics on the phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils are unclear. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of four additions (0, 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1% w·w-1) of polyethylene (PE) and cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) contaminated soil on the growth and heavy metal accumulation of two hyperaccumulators (Solanum photeinocarpum and Lantana camara). PE significantly decreased the pH and activities of dehydrogenase and phosphatase in soil, while it increased the bioavailability of Cd and Pb in soil. Peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) activity in the plant leaves were all considerably increased by PE. PE had no discernible impact on plant height, but it did significantly impede root growth. PE affected the morphological contents of heavy metals in soils and plants, while it did not alter their proportions. PE increased the content of heavy metals in the shoots and roots of the two plants by 8.01-38.32% and 12.24-46.28%, respectively. However, PE significantly reduced the Cd extraction amount in plant shoots, while it significantly increased the Zn extraction amount in the plant roots of S. photeinocarpum. For L. camara, a lower addition (0.1%) of PE inhibited the extraction amount of Pb and Zn in the plant shoots, but a higher addition (0.5% and 1%) of PE stimulated the Pb extraction amount in the plant roots and the Zn extraction amount in the plant shoots. Our results indicated that PE microplastics have negative effects on the soil environment, plant growth, and the phytoremediation efficiency of Cd and Pb. These findings contribute to a better knowledge of the interaction effects of microplastics and heavy metal-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiankui Yu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Bo Gao
- College of Tourism & Landscape Architecture, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ping Wu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Minni Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Chuanqian He
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Xingfeng Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
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Habibollahi MH, Sharafi K, Omer AK. Analysis of Minerals and Toxic Elements in Commonly Consumed Herbal Medicines in Zahedan, Iran, and Associated Human Health Risk Assessment. J Food Prot 2022; 85:1797-1806. [PMID: 36173919 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-22-173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Herbal medicines (HMDs) are widely used in some countries. However, a consumer's health may be threatened when pollutants are present in HMDs and a high quantity of these medications is consumed. This work was conducted to evaluate the accumulation of toxic elements and the potential human health risks associated with high consumption of HMDs in Zahedan, Iran. In this study, 15 brands of popular HMDs were selected from five pharmacies. In each pharmacy, three HMD samples were randomly chosen, for a total of 225 samples, and evaluated for 11 elements. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry was used to analyze cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and aluminum (Al) in each sample. Total arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg) were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. The human health risk of each element from ingestion of each HMD was estimated. The mean concentrations of these elements in different types of HMDs were highly variable and significantly different within the same type of HMD (P < 0.001). All samples contained detectable concentrations of target elements. However, the mean concentrations of each element in all HMDs were significantly lower than the legal limit published by the World Health Organization. The outcomes of this work indicated that for both children and adults, the target hazard quotient (THQ) for each metal and the hazard index (HI) for all metals in all types of HMDs were significantly lower than the acceptable limit (THQ and HI = 1). The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) for each carcinogenic metal and the total carcinogenic risk (TCR) for all carcinogenic metals also were lower than the acceptable limit (ILCR and TCR = 10-4). HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kiomars Sharafi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Abdullah Khalid Omer
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.,Razga Company, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
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Ray A, Jankar JS. A Comparative Study of Chromium: Therapeutic Uses and Toxicological Effects on Human Health. J Pharmacol Pharmacother 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/0976500x221128646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromium is an essential trace element whose deficiency can cause impairment of glucose tolerance, growth and various biological functions. There are two isotopes of chromium-trivalent chromium and hexavalent chromium. Both the isotopes of chromium have quite different effects on the human body. The objective of this narrative review is to compile the different effects of the two isotopes of chromium and give a comprehensive analysis of the effects of hexavalent and trivalent chromium. Data from various studies across different forums were compared to provide a concrete analysis of the therapeutic and harmful effects of two isotopes of chromium on human health. Chromium plays a vital role in the biological functions of the body. It might be helpful in balancing the glycaemic levels, triglyceride levels and cholesterol levels in the body. Excessive intake of chromium is harmful for health. Overexposure to chromium can lead to carcinogenic effects. Consumption of an insufficient amount of chromium might not be adequate as well. Trivalent chromium can be quite beneficial if taken in proper quantities. Hexavalent chromium can cause cancer. Trivalent chromium is beneficial, while hexavalent chromium is harmful to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaiska Ray
- Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jayshri Sadashiv Jankar
- Department of Biochemistry, BKL Walawalkar Rural Medical College, Sawarde, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India
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Microwave Irradiation and Glutamic Acid-Assisted Phytotreatment of Tannery and Surgical Industrial Wastewater by Sorghum. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134004. [PMID: 35807251 PMCID: PMC9268057 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated how different doses of microwave irradiation (MR) affect seed germination in Sorghum, including the level of remediation against textile and surgical wastewater (WW) by modulating biochemical and morpho-physiological mechanisms under glutamic acid (GA) application. The experiment was conducted to determine the impact of foliar-applied GA on Sorghum under wastewater conditions. Plants were treated with or without microwave irradiation (30 s, 2.45 GHz), GA (5 and 10 mM), and wastewater (0, 25, 50, and 100). Growth and photosynthetic pigments were significantly decreased in plants only treated with various concentrations of WW. GA significantly improved the plant growth characteristics both in MR-treated and -untreated plants compared with respective controls. HMs stress increased electrolyte leakage (EL), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and malondialdehyde (MDA) content; however, the GA chelation significantly improved the antioxidant enzymes activities such as ascorbate oxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) both in MR-treated and -untreated plants under WW stress compared with respective controls. The results suggested that the MR-treated plants accumulate higher levels of HMs under GA addition in comparison to the WW-only-treated and MR-untreated plants. The maximum increase in Cd accumulation was observed in the range of 14–629% in the roots, 15–2964% in the stems, and 26–4020% in the leaves; the accumulation of Cu was 18–2757% in the roots, 15–4506% in the stems, and 23–4605% in the leaves; and the accumulation of Pb was 13–4122% in the roots, 21–3588% in the stems, and 21–4990% in the leaves under 10 mM GA and MR-treated plants. These findings confirmed that MR-treated sorghum plants had a higher capacity for HMs uptake under GA and could be used as a potential candidate for wastewater treatment.
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Ishaq HK, Farid M, Zubair M, Alharby HF, Asam ZUZ, Farid S, Bamagoos AA, Alharbi BM, Shakoor MB, Ahmad SR, Rizwan M, Ali S. Efficacy of Lemna minor and Typha latifolia for the treatment of textile industry wastewater in a constructed wetland under citric acid amendment: A lab scale study. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 283:131107. [PMID: 34144284 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb), copper (Cu) and chromium (Cr) are one of the most harmful heavy metals (HMs), entering into the food chain through the irrigation of crops with an industrial effluent. The present study was performed to evaluate the toxic effects of textile effluents and performance of citric acid (CA) on phytoextraction potential of Lemna minor L. and Typha latifolia L. in an artificially designed wetland. Different doses of textile wastewater (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) and CA (10 mM) were applied alone and in combination. Plants were harvested and the data was collected regarding agronomic traits, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant enzymes, reactive oxygen species (ROS), electrolytic leakage (EL) and HMs uptake and accumulation. The results depicted that the concentration and accumulation of Cu, Pb and Cr in different parts of T. latifolia plant was increased with and without CA addition. The maximum concentration of Pb, Cu and Cr increased in leaves by 279, 240 & 171%, in stem by 192, 172 & 154%, and in roots by 224, 183 & 168%, respectively. Similarly, the accumulation of Pb, Cu and Cr increased in leaves by 91, 71 & 36%, in stem by 57, 46 & 36% and in roots by 76, 53 & 45%, respectively in plants treated with 100% textile effluent as compared to the 25% textile effluent treated plants under CA amendment. In L. minor, the concentration of Pb, Cu & Cr increased by 542, 411 and 397% while accumulation increased by 101, 59 & 55% respectively in overall plant biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Khuzama Ishaq
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan
| | - Mujahid Farid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan
| | - Hesham F Alharby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zaki Ul Zaman Asam
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan
| | - Sheharyaar Farid
- University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Biology, Ecology and Evolution, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Atif A Bamagoos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basmah M Alharbi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sajid Rashid Ahmad
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan; Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Uptake and accumulation of Cr in edible parts of Eruca sativa from irrigation water. Effects on polyphenol profile and antioxidant capacity. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06086. [PMID: 33732915 PMCID: PMC7938255 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Metals in the environment have been an increasing research topic over the past decade, since they can be found in both natural and drinking water, including irrigation of crops and edible plants with contaminated water. The aim of this study was to investigate the uptake of Cr by arugula (Eruca sativa) in a greenhouse experiment, simulating the open field irrigation conditions. We also evaluate the toxic effects of Cr on oxidative stress by measuring the antioxidant capacity and polyphenol profile in the plant. The study examines the irrigation of arugula, during 15 and 21 days, with four Cr (VI) concentrations, ranging from 0 (control) to 250 μg. L−1. Arugula plants were able to accumulate Cr when irrigated during 15 and 21 days in all the Cr concentrations evaluated. The estimated daily intake (EDI) shows that the amount of Cr accumulated by arugula plants does not represent a threat to human health. Application of Cr levels induced some changes in content, profile and capacity of antioxidants depending on Cr concentration and time of exposure. Taking into account that E. sativa is consumed due to its polyphenol-related health benefits, the allowable Cr limits in irrigation water should be reviewed, in order to maximize health benefits associated with its consumption, and also to improve vegetable quality. Arugula is a valuable and nutritious food, that should not be excluded from a balanced diet. Chromium concentration in irrigation water as well as the speciation forms present in vegetables should be controlled.
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Singh D, Sharma NL, Singh CK, Yerramilli V, Narayan R, Sarkar SK, Singh I. Chromium (VI)-Induced Alterations in Physio-Chemical Parameters, Yield, and Yield Characteristics in Two Cultivars of Mungbean ( Vigna radiata L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:735129. [PMID: 34659304 PMCID: PMC8516152 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.735129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) presently used in various major industries and its residues possess a potent environmental threat. Contamination of soil and water resources due to Cr ions and its toxicity has adversely affected plant growth and crop productivity. Here, deleterious effects of different levels of Cr (VI) treatments i.e., 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 μM on two mungbean cultivars, Pusa Vishal (PV) and Pusa Ratna (PR), in hydroponic and pot conditions were evaluated. Germination, seedling growth, biomass production, antioxidant enzyme, electrolytic leakage, oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde), and proline content were determined to evaluate the performance of both cultivars under hydroponic conditions for 15 days. The hydroponic results were further compared with the growth and seed yield attributes of both the genotypes in pot experiments performed over 2 years. Seedling growth, biomass production, total chlorophyll (Chl), Chl-a, Chl-b, nitrogen content, plant height, seed protein, and seed yield decreased significantly under the 120 μM Cr stress level. Activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and peroxidase increased in the leaves following Cr exposure at 60-90 μM but declined at 120 μM. Cr-induced reductions in growth and seed yield attributes were more in the sensitive than in the tolerant cultivar. Cr accumulation in the roots, stems, leaves, and seeds increased with an increase in Cr concentrations in the pot conditions. Furthermore, for both cultivars, there were significant negative correlations in morpho-physiological characteristics under high Cr concentrations. Overall results suggest that (PR) is more sensitive to Cr stress (PV) at the seedling stage and in pot conditions. Furthermore, (PV) can be utilized to study the mechanisms of Cr tolerance and in breeding programs to develop Cr-resistant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Singh
- Department of Botany, Meerut College, Meerut, India
- *Correspondence: Deepti Singh
| | | | - Chandan Kumar Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Vimala Yerramilli
- Department of Botany, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, India
| | - Rup Narayan
- Department of Botany, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, India
| | - Susheel Kumar Sarkar
- Division of Design of Experiments, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Ishwar Singh
- Department of Botany, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, India
- Ishwar Singh
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Popa DM, Moldovan M, Prodan D, Aldea C, Lazăr C, Lazea C, Crişan M, Sur LM, Man SC, Borzan C. The evaluation of heavy metals in transylvania, as predictor for the health status of the exposed population. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:585-599. [PMID: 33070230 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00750-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It is well known and proven that heavy metal contamination of the soils can severely affect the health of the people living in the contaminated areas given the ease with which trace elements can enter the human body. In addition-to agricultural crop depreciation as well as soil erosion, soil pollution can negatively affect the natural function of ecosystems. While certain heavy metals in high doses can be harmful to the body, others such as cadmium, mercury, lead, chromium, silver and arsenic in minimal amounts have delusional effects on the body, causing acute and chronic intoxication. Our research is focused on the identification of heavy metals from the soil (O, Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, Pb, Si, Ti, Zn) in 3 areas in Transylvania where factories were in operation, using 4 methods: UV-VIS spectrometry, AAS, SEM-EDAX and X-ray diffractions. High levels of very toxic trace elements such as lead, aluminum, cadmium were found near the studied areas, especially using SEM-EDAX and AAS methods. Knowledge on the soil concentration of TEs, the time exposure and the side effects can lead us to predict the health status of the exposed population. In our study, by determinating the concentration of TEs we set out to formulate a prediction on the health status of the exposed population using literature data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doriana Maria Popa
- Department of Public Health, University of Medicine and Phramacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", 31 Avram Iancu Street, Fl 3, 40083, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Mărioara Moldovan
- Department of Polymer Composites, Babes-Bolyai University, Institute of Chemistry Raluca Ripan, 30 Fantanele Street, 400294, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Doina Prodan
- Department of Polymer Composites, Babes-Bolyai University, Institute of Chemistry Raluca Ripan, 30 Fantanele Street, 400294, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cornel Aldea
- Nephrology-2nd Pediatric Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children, 5 Crisan Street, 400177, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Călin Lazăr
- 1st Pediatric Department, University of Medicine and Phramacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", 68 Motilor Street, 400001, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cecilia Lazea
- 1st Pediatric Department, University of Medicine and Phramacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", 68 Motilor Street, 400001, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mirela Crişan
- 1st Pediatric Department, University of Medicine and Phramacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", 68 Motilor Street, 400001, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lucia Maria Sur
- 1st Pediatric Department, University of Medicine and Phramacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", 68 Motilor Street, 400001, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sorin C Man
- Mother and Child Department, 3Rd Department of Paediatrics, Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2-4 Campeni Street, 400217, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Borzan
- Department of Public Health, University of Medicine and Phramacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", 31 Avram Iancu Street, Fl 3, 40083, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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11
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Naz A, Chowdhury A, Chandra R, Mishra BK. Potential human health hazard due to bioavailable heavy metal exposure via consumption of plants with ethnobotanical usage at the largest chromite mine of India. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2020; 42:4213-4231. [PMID: 32495026 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00603-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Usage of native plant species for traditional medicine or nutritional supplement is a popular practice among various cultures. But consumption of plants growing on polluted soil can cause serious human health hazard due to bioaccumulation of toxic heavy metals. Present study deals with the ecological and human health impact of heavy metals, in six native plant species with ethnobotanical significance growing at the largest chromite mine of India. Exchangeable, oxidizable, reducible and residual fractions of the metals in plant rhizosphere were analyzed. Only 2-6% of total Cr (270-330 mg/kg) and Ni (150-190 mg/kg) at the mining site is bioavailable. Cd showed highest bioavailability (~ 60%) in mining site posing very high ecological risk (1055-5291) followed by Ni (1297-2124) and Cr (309-1105). The heavy metals in the shoot of the targeted plants were about 0.7 to 80 times higher than the standard limit as per Indian statutory body. The total hazard quotient (THQ) by the consumption of plants growing in mining region was very high (> 1) and varied from 2.6 to 5.9 in adult and 0.6-1.3 in children, while in non-mining region the THQ of same plants indicates low risk (< 1). This study indicates THQ (adult) in the order of, Euphorbia hirta (5.9) > Calotropis procera (4.9) > Argemone mexicana (3.6) > Vernonia cinerea (3.5) > Pteridium latiusculum (3.4) > Tridax procumbens (2.6) through consumption pathway growing in mine soil. This study concludes that consumption of plants growing in heavy metal polluted soil should be avoided due to their potential health hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliya Naz
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826007, India
| | - Abhiroop Chowdhury
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826007, India.
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur-Ajmer Express Way, Dehmi Kalan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303007, India.
- Jindal School of Environment & Sustainability, O. P. Jindal Global University, Sonipat Narela Road, Sonipat, Haryana, 131001, India.
| | - Rachna Chandra
- Gujarat Institute of Desert Ecology (GUIDE), P.O. 83, Opp. Changleshwar Temple, Mundra Road, Bhuj-Kachchh, Gujarat, 370001, India
| | - Brijesh Kumar Mishra
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826007, India
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12
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Karahan F, Ozyigit II, Saracoglu IA, Yalcin IE, Ozyigit AH, Ilcim A. Heavy Metal Levels and Mineral Nutrient Status in Different Parts of Various Medicinal Plants Collected from Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 197:316-329. [PMID: 31758293 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01974-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants have been used for treatment of many diseases since the ancient times with traditional knowledge being transferred from generation to generation. However, in recent years, many natural habitats have been contaminated due to increased anthropogenic activities. Plants which are exposed to heavy metal toxicity may experience several serious problems. Furthermore, the inclusion of these plants into the food chain poses a threat to human health as well. Additionally, presence of heavy metals directly effect mineral nutrition and consequently the food quality. The aim of this study herewith is to determine the heavy metal content and mineral nutrient status of some medicinal plants to have insight on their health repercussions on plants and humans. The concentrations of Al, B, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb and Zn in commonly used parts (root, rhizome, seed, resin, gall, fruit) especially for remedial purposes of 17 medicinal plants collected from Turkey were analyzed by ICP-OES. The measured values for concentrations from lowest to highest were (in mg kg-1) 30.983-368.877 for Al, 13.845-186.015 for B, 1335.699-11213.951 for Ca, 0.016-0.653 for Cd, 0.379-30.708 for Cr, 23.838-90.444 for Cu, 78.960-1228.845 for Fe, 1035.948-6393.491 for K, 83.193-2252.031 for Mg, 12.111-362.570 for Mn, 278.464-1968.775 for Na, 1.945-35.732 for Ni, 0.796-17.162 for Pb and 166.910-395.252 for Zn. Overall, heavy metal concentrations in medicinal plants collected nearby industrial regions, mining and farming sites, were found to be in slightly higher levels. This shows us that it is of crucial importance that the areas where medicinal plants are collected are clean especially by means of heavy metals for the reason that these plants can cause more harm than the benefits they may provide if they are contaminated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faruk Karahan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, 31040, Hatay, Turkey.
| | - Ibrahim Ilker Ozyigit
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Marmara University, Goztepe, 34722, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, 720038, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Ibrahim Adnan Saracoglu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Marmara University, Goztepe, 34722, Istanbul, Turkey
- Presidancy of the Republic of Turkey, Bestepe, 06560, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Ertugrul Yalcin
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bahcesehir University, Besiktas, 34353, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Asli Hocaoglu Ozyigit
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Marmara University, Goztepe, 34722, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ilcim
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, 31040, Hatay, Turkey
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13
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Zong H, Liu J, Wang F, Song N. Root morphological response of six peanut cultivars to chromium (VI) toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:18403-18411. [PMID: 32185738 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08188-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the hypothesis that root morphology plays a crucial role in the variation in chromium (Cr) accumulation among peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars, using the relationship between Cr accumulation and morphological characteristics of six peanut cultivars determined under 0, 10, 25, 75, and 100 μmol L-1 Cr(VI) via hydroponic experiment. Significant variations were observed in Cr accumulation and root morphological parameters among peanut cultivars at the five Cr levels. The Cr concentrations in plants exhibited 1.72-, 4.67-, 1.81-, and 2.91-fold variations within cultivars for 10, 25, 75, and 100 μmol L-1 Cr treatments, respectively. Positive correlations were found for total Cr in plants with total root length (RL), root surface area (SA), and root volume (RV). Negative correlations were also observed between the percentages of Cr in shoots and specific root length. These results suggest that root system morphology may partly explain the variation in Cr accumulation among cultivars. Cultivars with greater RL, SA, and RV showed higher capability for Cr accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Zong
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment/School of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment/School of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Fangli Wang
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment/School of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Ningning Song
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment/School of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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14
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Wakeel A, Xu M. Chromium Morpho-Phytotoxicity. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9050564. [PMID: 32365493 PMCID: PMC7284716 DOI: 10.3390/plants9050564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is considered as one of the chronic pollutants that cause damage to all living forms, including plants. Various industries release an excessive amount of Cr into the environment. The increasing accumulation of Cr in agricultural land causes a significant decrease in the yield and quality of economically important crops. The Cr-induced biochemical, molecule, cytotoxic, genotoxic, and hormonal impairments cause the inhibition of plant growth and development. In the current study, we reviewed Cr morpho-phytotoxicity related scientific reports published between 2009 to 2019. We mainly focused on the Cr-induced inhibition of seed germination and total biomass production. Furthermore, Cr-mediated reduction in the root, branches, and leave growth and development were separately discussed. The Cr uptake mechanism and interference with the macro and micro-nutrient uptake were also discussed and visualized via a functional model. Moreover, a comprehensive functional model has been presented for the Cr release from the industries, its accumulation in the agricultural land, and ultimate morpho-phytotoxicity. It is concluded that Cr-reduces plant growth and development via its excess accumulation in the plant different parts and/or disruption of nutrient uptake.
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15
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Nirola R, Biswas B, Megharaj M, Subramanian A, Thavamani P, Aryal R, Saint C. Assessment of chromium hyper-accumulative behaviour using biochemical analytical techniques of greenhouse cultivated Sonchus asper on tannery waste dump site soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:26992-26999. [PMID: 30008168 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2740-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Keeping the sources of pollution such as chromium (Cr) under a safe limit is a daunting challenge due to the negative impact of heavy metal bioaccumulation in vegetation and the concomitant human health exposure. We took a closer look at Sonchus asper by cultivating in the green house. It resulted in 80% germination when cultivated over nine different soils collected from the tannery dump site. The biochemical analytical techniques such as mass spectrometry indicated significant bioaccumulation of Cr in the plant tissue. As per the ICP-MS analysis, this annual herb resulted in the accumulation of 601 mg kg-1 of total Cr with 212 mg kg-1 in its shoot from soil samples containing up to 41 mg kg-1 of hexavalent Cr. The energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy of S. asper revealed a higher level of S element indicating a sulfate-Cr binding relation. Elevated content of Cr in soil (73,721 ± 65 mg kg-1) caused biochemical changes in the shoot of S. asper as indicated by the disappearance of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) bands at 935 and 872 cm-1 and further revealing aliphatic -CH2 appearing as anti-symmetry νa(CH2) and symmetric vibration νs(CH2) at the band of 2920 and 2850 cm-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkrishna Nirola
- Natural and Built Environments Research Centre, Division of Information Technology, Engineering and the Environment, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5095, Australia.
| | - Bhabananda Biswas
- Future Industries Institute, Division of Information Technology, Engineering and the Environment, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5095, Australia
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Research (GCER), TheUniversity of Newcastle, ATC Building, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | | | - Palanisami Thavamani
- Global Centre for Environmental Research (GCER), TheUniversity of Newcastle, ATC Building, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Rupak Aryal
- Natural and Built Environments Research Centre, Division of Information Technology, Engineering and the Environment, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5095, Australia
| | - Christopher Saint
- Natural and Built Environments Research Centre, Division of Information Technology, Engineering and the Environment, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5095, Australia
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16
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Huang W, Jiao J, Ru M, Bai Z, Yuan H, Bao Z, Liang Z. Localization and Speciation of Chromium in Coptis chinensis Franch. using Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Technology and Laser Ablation ICP-MS. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8603. [PMID: 29872075 PMCID: PMC5988735 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26774-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Coptis chinensis Franch. is one of the most important medicinal plants globally. However, this species contains relatively high concentrations of chromium (Cr) which potentially detrimental to human health. It is important to understand Cr localization and speciation in order to evaluate its accumulation and transportation mechanisms and minimize Cr transfer to humans. As little previous work in this area has been carried out, we utilized synchrotron radiation microscopic X-ray fluorescence (SR-μXRF) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to spatially locate Cr, X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) to analyze Cr speciation, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to detect Cr subcellular concentration. Micromapping results showed that Cr was distributed predominantly within the vascular cylinder, the periderm and some outer cortex, and the cortex and some vascular bundles in root, rhizome, and petiole, respectively. XANES data showed that Cr(VI) can be reduced to Cr(III) when grown with Cr(VI), and yielded a novel conclusion that this plant contain elemental chromium. ICP-MS data showed that Cr was primarily compartmentalized in cell walls in all tissues. The new insights on Cr accumulation in C. chinensis Franch. provide a theoretical basis for the evaluation of Cr in other medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Huang
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jie Jiao
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Mei Ru
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling, China
| | - Zhenqing Bai
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Honglin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhian Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China. .,College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.
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17
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Ozyigit II, Yalcin B, Turan S, Saracoglu IA, Karadeniz S, Yalcin IE, Demir G. Investigation of Heavy Metal Level and Mineral Nutrient Status in Widely Used Medicinal Plants' Leaves in Turkey: Insights into Health Implications. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 182:387-406. [PMID: 28726073 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1070-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The use of plants in treatments has been as old as humanity and it has preserved its popularity for centuries til now because of their availability, affordability and safeness. However, despite their widespread use, safety and quality issues have been major concerns in the world due to industrial- and anthropogenic-based heavy metal contamination risks. Thus, this study was attempted to analyze the heavy metal levels and mineral nutrient status of widely used medicinal plants in Turkey to have insights about their health implications on humans. The plant concentrations of B, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb and Zn were analyzed by ICP-OES in the leaves of 44 medical plants purchased from herbal markets of three different districts of Istanbul/Turkey. The measured lowest to highest concentrations were 0.065-79.749 mg kg-1 B, 921.802-12,854.410 mg kg-1 Ca, 0.020-0.558 mg kg-1 Cd, 0.015-4.978 mg kg-1 Cr, 0.042-8.489 mg kg-1 Cu, 34.356-858.446 mg kg-1 Fe, 791.323-15,569.349 mg kg-1 K, 102.236-2837.836 mg kg-1 Mg, 4.915-91.519 mg kg-1 Mn, 10.224-3213.703 mg kg-1 Na, 0.001-5.589 mg kg-1 Ni, 0.003-3.636 mg kg-1 Pb and 2.601-36.102 mg kg-1 Zn. Those levels in plants were in acceptable limits though some elements in some plants have high limits which were not harmful. Variations (above acceptable limits) in element concentrations also indicated that these plants could be contaminated with other metals and that genetic variations may influence accumulation of these elements at different contents. Overall, analyzed medicinal plants are expected not to pose any serious threat to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Ilker Ozyigit
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Marmara University, Goztepe, 34722, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Bahattin Yalcin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Marmara University, Goztepe, 34722, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Senay Turan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Marmara University, Goztepe, 34722, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Adnan Saracoglu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Marmara University, Goztepe, 34722, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sedat Karadeniz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Marmara University, Goztepe, 34722, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Ertugrul Yalcin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bahcesehir University, Besiktas, 34353, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Goksel Demir
- Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Architecture, Kirklareli University, Kayali, 39020, Kirklareli, Turkey
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18
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Mukhopadhyay S, Rana V, Kumar A, Maiti SK. Biodiversity variability and metal accumulation strategies in plants spontaneously inhibiting fly ash lagoon, India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:22990-23005. [PMID: 28819831 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9930-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Out of 29 plant species taken into consideration for biodiversity investigations, the present study screened out Cyperus rotundus L., Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T. Aiton, Croton bonplandianus Baill., Eclipta prostrata (L.) L., and Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. as the most suitable metal-tolerant plant species (high relative density and frequency) which can grow on metal-laden fly ash (FA) lagoon. Total (aqua-regia), residual (HNO3) and plant available (CaCl2) metal concentrations were assessed for the clean-up of metal-contaminated FA disposal site using naturally colonized plants. The total metal concentration (in mg kg-1) in FA followed an order of Mn (229.8) > Ni (228.4) > Zn (89.4) > Cr (61.2) > Pb (56.6) > Cu (51.5) > Co (41.9) > Cd (9.7). The HNO3- and CaCl2-extracted metals were 0.57-15.68% and 0.03-7.82% of the total metal concentration, respectively. The concentration of Ni and Cr in FA in the present study was highest among the previously studied Indian and average world power plants and Cd, Ni, and Cr were above soil toxicity limit. The variation in total, residual, and plant-available metal (single extraction) concentration indicated the presence of different proportions of metals in FA lagoon which affects the metal uptake potential of the vegetation growing on it. It has been reported that plant-available metal extractant (CaCl2) is the most suitable extractant for assessment of metal transfer from soil to plant. However in the present study, Spearman's correlation showed best significant correlation between total metal concentration in FA and shoot metal concentration (r = 0.840; p < 0.01) which suggest aqua-regia as the best extractant for understanding the bioavailability and transfer of metal, and in calculation of BCF for moderately contaminated site. It can be stated that plant-available extractant is not always suitable for understanding the availability of metal, but total metal concentration can provide a better insight especially for moderate or low metal-contaminated sites. Principle component analysis revealed that all the plants showed positive correlation with Co and Cd which suggest its subsequent uptake in root and shoot. The biological indices (BCF, BAF, and TF) revealed that E. prostrata (10 mg Cd kg-1) and C. procera (3.5 mg Cd kg-1) can be utilized efficiently for the phytoextraction of Cd and phytostabilization of other potentially toxic metals (Pb, Cr, and Co) from FA lagoon. All the plants were tolerant to Pb pollution (TF > 1, BAF > 1, and BCF > 1); hence, there was a negligible translocation of Pb to the aerial tissues of these plants which shows their suitability in phytostabilization. In addition, V. cinerea accumulated elevated concentration of potentially toxic Cr (50 mg Cr kg-1) and Ni (67 mg Ni kg-1) which could also help in the phytoremediation of FA lagoon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchita Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, India
| | - Vivek Rana
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, India
| | - Adarsh Kumar
- Department of Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - Subodh Kumar Maiti
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, India
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