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Shi L, Chen L, Gao X, Sun X, Jin G, Yang Y, Shao Y, Zhu F, Zhou G. Comparison of different sources of mesenchymal stem cells: focus on inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:1721-1742. [PMID: 38615278 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01468-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) poses a significant challenge in modern medicine, with conventional treatments limited by efficacy and associated side effects, necessitating innovative therapeutic approaches. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have emerged as promising candidates for IBD treatment due to their immunomodulatory properties and regenerative potential. This thesis aims to explore and compare various sources of MSC and evaluate their efficacy in treating IBD. This study comprehensively analyses MSC derived from multiple sources, including bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord, and other potential reservoirs. Core elements of this investigation include assessing differences in cell acquisition, immunomodulatory effects, and differentiation capabilities among these MSC sources, as well as comparing their clinical trial outcomes in IBD patients to their therapeutic efficacy in animal models. Through meticulous evaluation and comparative analysis, this thesis aims to elucidate disparities in the efficacy of different MSC sources for IBD treatment, thereby identifying the most promising therapeutic applications. The findings of this study are intended to advance our understanding of MSC biology and offer valuable insights for selecting the most effective MSC sources for personalized IBD therapy. Ultimately, this research endeavor will optimise therapeutic strategies for managing inflammatory bowel disease through the utilization of MSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihao Shi
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Leilei Chen
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xizhuang Gao
- Clinical Medical College of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xufan Sun
- Clinical Medical College of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiyuan Jin
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Yang
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiming Shao
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Fengqin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangxi Zhou
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272000, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Li B, Can C, Liu W, Guo X, Wu H, Wei Y, Liu J, Yang X, Jia W, Ma D. Hematopoietic stem cells suppress proliferation and enhance differentiation of leukemia cells through regulating apoptotic and inflammatory genes. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:17307-17318. [PMID: 37819582 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05440-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Stem cells are known to play an important role in tumor treatment and many of them have shown tumor-suppressing ability in different cancers; however, whether hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have growth-inhibiting effects on leukemia cells has not been fully evaluated. Herein, we aimed to demonstrate the growth-restraining function of HSCs in acute leukemia treatment. METHODS Cell fusion experiment was conducted by PEG-1500. The viability, proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation of leukemia cells were evaluated by cell counting, CCK-8 and flow cytometry analysis. The morphological changes were imaged using a fluorescence microscope. The expression of genes was detected by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). RESULTS We observed that HSCs and their lytic extracts had the capability to suppress leukemia cells proliferation, promote apoptosis and especially induce acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cells differentiation, which might have an effect on differentiation therapy to leukemia especially AML treatment. The expression levels of Bcl-2, Survivin decreased and Bax increased following HSCs extracts treatment. Furthermore, the expression of inflammatory cytokines also changed in AML cells which might have to do with the mechanism of HSCs/extracts suppressing effect. CONCLUSION HSCs and their extracts can suppress the proliferation of leukemia cells and enhance the differentiation of AML cells and using the extracts of HSCs might be a probable therapeutic option for acute leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Can
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Wancheng Liu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Guo
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanyang Wu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihong Wei
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinting Liu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Jia
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Daoxin Ma
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China.
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Jahangiri B, Khalaj-Kondori M, Asadollahi E, Kian Saei A, Sadeghizadeh M. Dual impacts of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes on cancer cells: unravelling complex interactions. J Cell Commun Signal 2023:10.1007/s12079-023-00794-3. [PMID: 37973719 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-023-00794-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent, self-renewing stromal cells found in a variety of adult tissues. MSCs possess a remarkable ability to migrate towards tumor sites, known as homing. This homing process is mediated by various factors, including chemokines, growth factors, and extracellular matrix components present in the tumor microenvironment. MSCs release extracellular vesicles known as exosomes (MSC-Exos), which have been suggested to serve a key role in mediating a wide variety of MSC activities. Through cell-cell communication, MSC-Exos have been shown to alter recipient cell phenotype or function and play as a novel cell-free alternative for MSC-based cell therapy. However, MSC recruitment to tumors allows for their interaction with cancer cells and subsequent regulation of tumor behavior. MSC-Exos act as tumor niche modulators via transferring exosomal contents, such as specific proteins or genetic materials, to the nearby cancer cells, leading to either promotion or suppression of tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, and metastasis, depending on the specific microenvironmental cues and recipient cell characteristics. Consequently, there is still a debate about the precise relationship between tumor cells and MSC-Exos, and it is unclear how MSC-Exos impacts tumor cells. Although the dysregulation of miRNAs is caused by the progression of cancer, they also play a direct role in either promoting or inhibiting tumor growth as they act as either oncogenes or tumor suppressors. The utilization of MSC-Exos may prove to be an effective method for restoring miRNA as a means of treating cancer. This review aimed to present the existing understanding of the impact that MSC-Exos could have on cancer. To begin with, we presented a brief explanation of exosomes, MSCs, and MSC-Exos. Following this, we delved into the impact of MSC-Exos on cancer growth, EMT, metastasis, angiogenesis, resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and modulation of the immune system. Opposing effects of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes on cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Jahangiri
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khalaj-Kondori
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Elahe Asadollahi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Kian Saei
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Sadeghizadeh
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Wan W, Miao Y, Niu Y, Zhu K, Ma Y, Pan M, Ma B, Wei Q. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells conditioned medium exerts anti-tumor effects on KGN cells in a cell density-dependent manner through activation of the Hippo pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:46. [PMID: 36941685 PMCID: PMC10029233 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03273-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The conditioned medium from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs-CM) provides a new cell-free therapy for tumors due to its unique secretome. However, there are many contradictory reports about the effect of UCMSCs-CM on tumor cells. The loss of contact inhibition is a common characteristic of tumor cells. A relationship between the effect of UCMSCs-CM on tumor cells and contact inhibition in tumor cells is rarely concerned. Whether the effect of UCMSCs-CM on tumor cells is affected by cell density? Here, we explored the effect of UCMSCs-CM on granulosa tumor cell line (KGN) cells at low or high density. METHODS Growth curve and CCK8 assay were used to assess cell proliferation and viability. Scratch wound and matrigel invasion assay were implicated to detect cell motility of KGN cells. UCMSCs-CM effects on cell cycle, apoptosis and pathway-related proteins were investigated by flow cytometry, TUNEL assay, western blot and immunofluorescence analysis respectively. RESULTS In growth curve analysis, before KGN cells proliferated into confluence, UCMSCs-CM had no effect on cell proliferation. However, once the cells proliferate to contact each other, UCMSCs-CM significantly inhibited proliferation. Meanwhile, when KGN cells were implanted at high density, UCMSCs-CM could induce cell cycle arrest at G1 phase, inhibit cell migration, invasion and promote apoptosis. While it had no similar effect on KGN cells implanted at low density. In mechanism, the UCMSCs-CM treatment activated the Hippo pathway when KGN cells were implanted at high density. Consistently, the MST1/2 inhibitor, XMU-MP-1, inhibited the activation of the Hippo pathway induced by UCMSCs-CM treatment and accordingly declined the anti-tumor effect of UCMSCs-CM on KGN cells. CONCLUSIONS The effect of UCMSCs-CM on tumor cells is affected by cell density. UCMSCs-CM exerted anti-tumor effect on KGN cells by activating Hippo pathway to restore contact inhibition. Our results suggest that UCMSCs-CM is a promising therapeutic candidate for GCT treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Wan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuyang Miao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuwei Niu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kunyuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingwan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Menghao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baohua Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Qiang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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The Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Exosomes in Tumor Development and Targeted Antitumor Therapies. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:7059289. [PMID: 36824409 PMCID: PMC9943627 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7059289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be isolated from various tissues in adults and differentiated into cells of the osteoblasts, adipocytes, chondrocytes, and myocytes. Recruitments of MSCs towards tumors have a crucial contribution to tumor development. However, the role of MSCs in the tumor microenvironment is uncertain. In addition, due to its tropism to the tumor and low immunogenic properties, more and more pieces of evidence indicate that MSCs may be an ideal carrier for antitumor biologics such as cytokines, chemotherapeutic agents, and oncolytic viruses. Here, we review the existing knowledge on the anti- and protumorigenic effect of MSCs and their extracellular vesicles and exosomes, the role of MSCs, and their extracellular vesicles and exosomes as antitumor vectors.
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Silini AR, Ramuta TŽ, Pires AS, Banerjee A, Dubus M, Gindraux F, Kerdjoudj H, Maciulatis J, Weidinger A, Wolbank S, Eissner G, Giebel B, Pozzobon M, Parolini O, Kreft ME. Methods and criteria for validating the multimodal functions of perinatal derivatives when used in oncological and antimicrobial applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:958669. [PMID: 36312547 PMCID: PMC9607958 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.958669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal derivatives or PnDs refer to tissues, cells and secretomes from perinatal, or birth-associated tissues. In the past 2 decades PnDs have been highly investigated for their multimodal mechanisms of action that have been exploited in various disease settings, including in different cancers and infections. Indeed, there is growing evidence that PnDs possess anticancer and antimicrobial activities, but an urgent issue that needs to be addressed is the reproducible evaluation of efficacy, both in vitro and in vivo. Herein we present the most commonly used functional assays for the assessment of antitumor and antimicrobial properties of PnDs, and we discuss their advantages and disadvantages in assessing the functionality. This review is part of a quadrinomial series on functional assays for the validation of PnDs spanning biological functions such as immunomodulation, anticancer and antimicrobial, wound healing, and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta R. Silini
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy
| | - Taja Železnik Ramuta
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ana Salomé Pires
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Institute of Biophysics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Asmita Banerjee
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marie Dubus
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, EA 4691 Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux (BIOS), Reims, France
| | - Florelle Gindraux
- Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Traumatologique et Plastique, CHU Besançon and Laboratoire de Nanomédecine, Imagerie, Thérapeutique EA 4662, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Halima Kerdjoudj
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, EA 4691 Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux (BIOS), Reims, France
| | - Justinas Maciulatis
- The Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Adelheid Weidinger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Wolbank
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Günther Eissner
- Systems Biology Ireland, UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michela Pozzobon
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città Della Speranza, Padoa, Italy
| | - Ornella Parolini
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mateja Erdani Kreft
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- *Correspondence: Mateja Erdani Kreft,
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Potential and challenges of placenta-derived decidua stromal cell therapy in inflammation-associated disorders. Hum Immunol 2022; 83:580-588. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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8
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Shi M, Li YY, Xu RN, Meng FP, Yu SJ, Fu JL, Hu JH, Li JX, Wang LF, Jin L, Wang FS. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in decompensated liver cirrhosis: a long-term follow-up analysis of the randomized controlled clinical trial. Hepatol Int 2021; 15:1431-1441. [PMID: 34843069 PMCID: PMC8651584 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-021-10199-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) infusion was reported to improve liver function in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis (DLC); however, whether the medication can improve outcome of these patients is poorly understood. METHODS This prospective, open-labeled, randomized controlled study enrolled 219 patients with HBV-related DLC who were divided into control group (n = 111) and umbilical cord-derived MSC (UC-MSC)-treated group (n = 108), then all of them received a follow-up check from October 2010 to October 2017. The treated patients received three times of UC-MSC infusions at 4-week intervals plus conventional treatment that was only used for control group. The overall survival rate and HCC-free survival rate were calculated as primary endpoints and the liver function and adverse events associated with the medication were also evaluated. RESULTS During the follow-up check period from 13 to 75th months, there was a significantly higher overall survival rate in the treated group than the control group, while the difference of the hepatocellular carcinoma event-free survival rate between the treated and control groups was not observed during the 75-month follow-up. UC-MSC treatment markedly improved liver function, as indicated by the levels of serum albumin, prothrombin activity, cholinesterase, and total bilirubin during 48 weeks of follow-up. No significant side effects or treatment-related complications were observed in the UC-MSC group. CONCLUSIONS Therapy of UC-MSC is not only well tolerated, but also significantly improves long-term survival rate, as well as the liver function in patients with HBV-related DLC. UC-MSC medication, therefore, might present a novel therapeutic approach for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Shi
- Medical Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- Medical Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Ruo-Nan Xu
- Medical Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Fan-Ping Meng
- Medical Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Shuang-Jie Yu
- Medical Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Jun-Liang Fu
- Medical Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Jin-Hua Hu
- Medical Department of Liver Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Jing-Xin Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu China
| | - Li-Feng Wang
- Medical Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Lei Jin
- Medical Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- Medical Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100039 China
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Eiro N, Fraile M, Fernández-Francos S, Sánchez R, Costa LA, Vizoso FJ. Importance of the origin of mesenchymal (stem) stromal cells in cancer biology: "alliance" or "war" in intercellular signals. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:109. [PMID: 34112253 PMCID: PMC8194017 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00620-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a central role in the intercellular signaling within the tumor microenvironment (TME), exchanging signals with cancer cells and tumor stromal cells, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts and inflammatory mononuclear cells. Research attributes both pro-tumor and anti-tumor actions to MSCs; however, evidence indicates that MSCs specific effect on the tumor depends on the source of the MSCs and the type of tumor. There are consistent data proving that MSCs from reproductive tissues, such as the uterus, umbilical cord or placenta, have potent anti-tumor effects and tropism towards tumor tissues. More interestingly, products derived from MSCs, such as secretome or extracellular vesicles, seem to reproduce the effects of their parental cells, showing a potential advantage for clinical treatments by avoiding the drawbacks associated with cell therapy. Given these perspectives, it appears necessary new research to optimize the production, safety and antitumor potency of the products derived from the MSCs suitable for oncological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Eiro
- Unit Research, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Avda. Eduardo Castro 161, 33290, Gijón, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Maria Fraile
- Unit Research, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Avda. Eduardo Castro 161, 33290, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - Silvia Fernández-Francos
- Unit Research, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Avda. Eduardo Castro 161, 33290, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - Rosario Sánchez
- Department of Surgery, Fundación Hospital de Jove, 33290, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - Luis A Costa
- Unit Research, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Avda. Eduardo Castro 161, 33290, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - Francisco J Vizoso
- Unit Research, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Avda. Eduardo Castro 161, 33290, Gijón, Asturias, Spain. .,Department of Surgery, Fundación Hospital de Jove, 33290, Gijón, Asturias, Spain.
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Hassanzadeh A, Rahman HS, Markov A, Endjun JJ, Zekiy AO, Chartrand MS, Beheshtkhoo N, Kouhbanani MAJ, Marofi F, Nikoo M, Jarahian M. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell-derived exosomes in regenerative medicine and cancer; overview of development, challenges, and opportunities. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:297. [PMID: 34020704 PMCID: PMC8138094 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02378-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and their widespread biomedical applications have attracted great consideration from the scientific community around the world. However, reports have shown that the main populations of the transplanted MSCs are trapped in the liver, spleen, and lung upon administration, highlighting the importance of the development of cell-free therapies. Concerning rising evidence suggesting that the beneficial effects of MSC therapy are closely linked to MSC-released components, predominantly MSC-derived exosomes, the development of an MSC-based cell-free approach is of paramount importance. The exosomes are nano-sized (30100nm) lipid bilayer membrane vesicles, which are typically released by MSCs and are found in different body fluids. They include various bioactive molecules, such as messenger RNA (mRNA), microRNAs, proteins, and bioactive lipids, thus showing pronounced therapeutic competence for tissues recovery through the maintenance of their endogenous stem cells, the enhancement of regenerative phenotypic traits, inhibition of apoptosis concomitant with immune modulation, and stimulation of the angiogenesis. Conversely, the specific roles of MSC exosomes in the treatment of various tumors remain challenging. The development and clinical application of novel MSC-based cell-free strategies can be supported by better understanding their mechanisms, classifying the subpopulation of exosomes, enhancing the conditions of cell culture and isolation, and increasing the production of exosomes along with engineering exosomes to deliver drugs and therapeutic molecules to the target sites. In the current review, we deliver a brief overview of MSC-derived exosome biogenesis, composition, and isolation methods and discuss recent investigation regarding the therapeutic potential of MSC exosomes in regenerative medicine accompanied by their double-edged sword role in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hassanzadeh
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Heshu Sulaiman Rahman
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Suleimanyah, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | | | - Judi Januadi Endjun
- Medical Faculty, UPN Veteran, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Gatot Soebroto Indonesia Army Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Nasrin Beheshtkhoo
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Jadidi Kouhbanani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Faroogh Marofi
- Immunology Research Center (IRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Nikoo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mostafa Jarahian
- Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit (G401), German Cancer Research Center, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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11
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Shang Y, Guan H, Zhou F. Biological Characteristics of Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Its Therapeutic Potential for Hematological Disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:570179. [PMID: 34012958 PMCID: PMC8126649 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.570179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) are a class of multifunctional stem cells isolated and cultured from umbilical cord. They possessed the characteristics of highly self-renewal, multi-directional differentiation potential and low immunogenicity. Its application in the field of tissue engineering and gene therapy has achieved a series of results. Recent studies have confirmed their characteristics of inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and migration to nest of cancer. The ability of UC-MSCs to support hematopoietic microenvironment and suppress immune system suggests that they can improve engraftment after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, which shows great potential in treatment of hematologic diseases. This review will focus on the latest advances in biological characteristics and mechanism of UC-MSCs in treatment of hematological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Shang
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haotong Guan
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuling Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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12
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Widowati W, Murti H, Widyastuti H, Laksmitawati DR, Rizal R, Widya Kusuma HS, Sumitro SB, Widodo MA, Bachtiar I. Decreased Inhibition of Proliferation and Induction of Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cell Lines (T47D and MCF7) from Treatment with Conditioned Medium Derived from Hypoxia-Treated Wharton's Jelly MSCs Compared with Normoxia-Treated MSCs. Int J Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Res 2021; 15:77-89. [PMID: 34466206 PMCID: PMC8381107 DOI: 10.18502/ijhoscr.v15i2.6038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an appealing source of adult stem cells for cell therapy due to the high rate of proliferation, self-renewal capability, and applicable therapy. Wharton’s jelly (WJ), the main component of the umbilical cord extracellular matrix, comprises multipotent stem cells with a high proliferation rate and self-renewal capability and has anti-cancer properties. MSCs have been reported to secrete a variety of cytokines that have a cytotoxic effect in various cancers. Oxygen tension affects MSCs proliferation, cytokines level but no in surface markers expression, MSCs’ differentiation. We explored the cytotoxic effect and inducing apoptosis of Wharton’s jelly derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs) secretions from normoxic WJMSCs (WJMSCs-norCM) (CM: conditioned medium) and hypoxic WJMSCs (WJMSCs-hypoCM) in breast cancer cell lines (T47D and MCF7). Materials and Methods: Cytotoxic activity was determined using the MTS assay. RT-PCR was performed to measure the expression of apoptosis-inducing genes, specifically P53, BAX, and CASP9, and the antiapoptotic gene BCL-2. Results: WJMSCs-norCM and WJMSCs-hypoCM were potent inhibitors of the proliferation in both cell lines. WJMSCs-norCM had more anticancer activity in T47D and MCF7. The IC50 value of WJMSCs-norCM on MCF7 was 42.34%, and on T47D was 42.36%. WJMSCs-norCM significantly induced the gene expression of apoptotic P53, BAX, and CASP9 and insignificantly decreased the antiapoptotic gene BCL-2 in both MCF7 and T47D cells. WJMSCs-CM has anticancer activity by inducing P53, BAX, and CASP9 apoptotic genes. Conclusion: WJMSCs-norCM has more anticancer activity than WJMSCs-hypoCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wahyu Widowati
- Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Jl. Prof. drg.. Suria Sumantri No.65, Bandung 40164, Indonesia
| | - Harry Murti
- Stem Cell and Cancer Institute, Jl. A Yani No 2 Pulo Mas, Jakarta 13210, Indonesia
| | - Halida Widyastuti
- Stem Cell and Cancer Institute, Jl. A Yani No 2 Pulo Mas, Jakarta 13210, Indonesia
| | - Dian Ratih Laksmitawati
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pancasila University, Jl. Raya Lenteng Agung No.56-80 Jakarta 12640, Indonesia
| | - Rizal Rizal
- Biomolecular and Biomedical Research Center, Aretha Medika Utama,, Jl. Babakan Jeruk II No. 9, Bandung 40163, Indonesia.,Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Kampus UI, Depok 16426, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Hanna Sari Widya Kusuma
- Biomolecular and Biomedical Research Center, Aretha Medika Utama,, Jl. Babakan Jeruk II No. 9, Bandung 40163, Indonesia
| | - Sutiman Bambang Sumitro
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Ketawanggede Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - M Aris Widodo
- Pharmacology Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University Jl. Veteran, Ketawanggede Malang 65145,, Indonesia
| | - Indra Bachtiar
- Stem Cell and Cancer Institute, Jl. A Yani No 2 Pulo Mas, Jakarta 13210, Indonesia
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13
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Ye H, Pan J, Gong E, Cai X, Xu C, Li Y, Zheng H, Cao Z. Inhibitory Effect of Immunologically Activated Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Lung Cancer Cell Growth and Metastasis. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2021. [PMID: 33769841 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2020.3855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could inhibit the proliferation of lung cancer cells. The authors' study aimed to investigate the effects of immunologically activated human umbilical cord (HUC)-MSCs on A549 lung cancer cells. Materials and Methods: HUC-MSCs were separated from the umbilical cord using the adherence method. Surface markers of HUC-MSCs were detected by flow cytometry for MSC identification. Imiquimod (TLR7 agonist) was incubated with HUC-MSCs for immune activation, and the expression of MSC-specific markers and immune inflammatory molecules was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. HUC A549 cells were cocultured with HUC-MSCs treated with imiquimod, siTLR7 (small interfering RNA for TLR7) or TLR7 overexpression, and then cell viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion, and the expression of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and NF-κB was investigated using MTT assay, clone formation assay, transwell assay, and western blot, respectively. Results: HUC-MSCs were identified as positive for CD73, CD105, CD44, CD29, and CD90. Expression of MSC markers was inhibited, while those of immune inflammatory molecules expression except IL-6 (interleukin-6) was enhanced after MSCs were immunologically activated by imiquimod. After being cocultured with HUC-MSCs treated with imiquimod or overexpressed TLR7, cell viability, proliferation, and metastasis, and the phosphorylation of P65 and AKT in A549 cells were decreased, but apoptosis was increased, while siTLR7 showed the opposite effect HUC. Conclusions: Immunologically activated HUC-MSCs inhibited the growth and metastasis, yet, promoted the apoptosis of A549 lung cancer cells via regulating the PI3K/Akt and NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ye
- Department of Medical Examination Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
| | - Jiongwei Pan
- Department of Respiratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
| | - Enhui Gong
- Department of Respiratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
| | - Xiaoping Cai
- Department of Respiratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
| | - Cunlai Xu
- Department of Respiratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
| | - Yuling Li
- Department of Respiratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Respiratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
| | - Zhuo Cao
- Department of Respiration, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, People's Hospital of Longquan, Lishui, China
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14
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Magatti M, Masserdotti A, Cargnoni A, Papait A, Stefani FR, Silini AR, Parolini O. The Role of B Cells in PE Pathophysiology: A Potential Target for Perinatal Cell-Based Therapy? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3405. [PMID: 33810280 PMCID: PMC8037408 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of preeclampsia (PE) is poorly understood; however, there is a large body of evidence that suggests a role of immune cells in the development of PE. Amongst these, B cells are a dominant element in the pathogenesis of PE, and they have been shown to play an important role in various immune-mediated diseases, both as pro-inflammatory and regulatory cells. Perinatal cells are defined as cells from birth-associated tissues isolated from term placentas and fetal annexes and more specifically from the amniotic membrane, chorionic membrane, chorionic villi, umbilical cord (including Wharton's jelly), the basal plate, and the amniotic fluid. They have drawn particular attention in recent years due to their ability to modulate several aspects of immunity, making them promising candidates for the prevention and treatment of various immune-mediated diseases. In this review we describe main findings regarding the multifaceted in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory properties of perinatal cells, with a focus on B lymphocytes. Indeed, we discuss evidence on the ability of perinatal cells to inhibit B cell proliferation, impair B cell differentiation, and promote regulatory B cell formation. Therefore, the findings discussed herein unveil the possibility to modulate B cell activation and function by exploiting perinatal immunomodulatory properties, thus possibly representing a novel therapeutic strategy in PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Magatti
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (A.C.); (A.P.); (F.R.S.); (A.R.S.)
| | - Alice Masserdotti
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, 00168 Roma, Italy;
| | - Anna Cargnoni
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (A.C.); (A.P.); (F.R.S.); (A.R.S.)
| | - Andrea Papait
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (A.C.); (A.P.); (F.R.S.); (A.R.S.)
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, 00168 Roma, Italy;
| | - Francesca Romana Stefani
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (A.C.); (A.P.); (F.R.S.); (A.R.S.)
| | - Antonietta Rosa Silini
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (A.C.); (A.P.); (F.R.S.); (A.R.S.)
| | - Ornella Parolini
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, 00168 Roma, Italy;
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy
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15
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Huwaikem MAH, Kalamegam G, Alrefaei G, Ahmed F, Kadam R, Qadah T, Sait KHW, Pushparaj PN. Human Wharton's Jelly Stem Cell Secretions Inhibit Human Leukemic Cell Line K562 in vitro by Inducing Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:614988. [PMID: 33869169 PMCID: PMC8044948 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.614988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging resistance to the tyrosine kinase inhibitors that target the BCR-ABL1 oncoprotein has prompted research for novel therapeutics against chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Herein, we evaluated the tumor inhibitory properties of the human Wharton’s jelly stem cells (hWJSCs) co-culture (hWJSC-CC) and their extracts, namely, the hWJSC-conditioned medium (hWJSC-CM; 100%) and hWJSC-lysate (hWJSC-L; 15 μg/ml), on a CML cell line K562 in vitro. The hWJSCs expressed mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-related cluster of differentiation (CD) markers and demonstrated mesodermal tissue differentiation potential. The cell metabolic activity showed a mean maximal decrease in the K562 cells by 49.12, 41.98, and 68.80% following treatment with the hWJSC-CC, hWJSC-CM, and hWJSC-L, respectively, at 72 h. The sub-G1 population in the cell cycle was decreased by 3.2, 4.5, and 3.8% following treatment with the hWJSC-CC, hWJSC-CM, and hWJSC-L, whereas the G2/M cell population was increased by 13.7 and 12.5% with the hWJSC-CM and hWJSC-L, respectively, at 48 h. Annexin V–allophycocyanin (APC) assay showed an increase in the apoptotic cells by 4.0, 3.9, and 4.5% at 48 h. The expression of pro-apoptotic BAX and CASP3 genes were increased, whereas BIRC5 (Survivin) was decreased compared with the control. The pro-inflammation-related genes, namely, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-12A, were decreased, whereas the anti-inflammatory genes, namely, IL-4 and IL-10, were increased following treatment with the hWJSC-CC, hWJSC-CM, and hWJSC-L at 48 h. Multiplex bead-based cytokine assay also demonstrated decreases in the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-12) and an increase in the anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) compared with the control. The pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-8 showed an increase with the hWJSC-CC and decreases with both the hWJSC-CM and the hWJSC-L. The hWJSCs and their extracts inhibited the K562 cells by causing cell cycle arrest and inducing apoptosis via the soluble cellular factors. However, an in vivo evaluation is necessary to unravel the true potential of the hWJSCs and their extracts before its use in CML inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneerah A H Huwaikem
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gauthaman Kalamegam
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Stem Cells Unit, Centre of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadeer Alrefaei
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Embryonic and Cancer Stem Cell Research Group, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farid Ahmed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Stem Cells Unit, Centre of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roaa Kadam
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Stem Cells Unit, Centre of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talal Qadah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid H W Sait
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Peter N Pushparaj
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Stem Cells Unit, Centre of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Xunian Z, Kalluri R. Biology and therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:3100-3110. [PMID: 32639675 PMCID: PMC7469857 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are multipotent stromal cells with the potential to differentiate into several cell types. MSC‐based therapy has emerged as a promising strategy for various diseases. Accumulating evidence suggests that the paracrine effects of MSC are partially exerted by the secretion of soluble factors, in particular exosomes. MSC‐derived exosomes are involved in intercellular communication through transfer of proteins, RNA, DNA and bioactive lipids, which might constitute a novel intercellular communication mode. This review illustrates the current knowledge on the composition and biological functions as well as the therapeutic potential of MSC‐derived exosomes in cancer, with a focus on clinical translation opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Xunian
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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17
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Costa LA, Eiro N, Fraile M, Gonzalez LO, Saá J, Garcia-Portabella P, Vega B, Schneider J, Vizoso FJ. Functional heterogeneity of mesenchymal stem cells from natural niches to culture conditions: implications for further clinical uses. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:447-467. [PMID: 32699947 PMCID: PMC7375036 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03600-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are present in all organs and tissues. Several studies have shown the therapeutic potential effect of MSC or their derived products. However, the functional heterogeneity of MSC constitutes an important barrier for transferring these capabilities to the clinic. MSC heterogeneity depends on their origin (biological niche) or the conditions of potential donors (age, diseases or unknown factors). It is accepted that many culture conditions of the artificial niche to which they are subjected, such as O2 tension, substrate and extracellular matrix cues, inflammatory stimuli or genetic manipulations can influence their resulting phenotype. Therefore, to attain a more personalized and precise medicine, a correct selection of MSC is mandatory, based on their functional potential, as well as the need to integrate all the existing information to achieve an optimal improvement of MSC features in the artificial niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Costa
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Avda. Eduardo Castro 161, 33920, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - Noemi Eiro
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Avda. Eduardo Castro 161, 33920, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - María Fraile
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Avda. Eduardo Castro 161, 33920, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - Luis O Gonzalez
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Avda. Eduardo Castro 161, 33920, Gijón, Asturias, Spain.,Department of Anatomical Pathology, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Gijón, Spain
| | - Jorge Saá
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Avda. Eduardo Castro 161, 33920, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - Pablo Garcia-Portabella
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Avda. Eduardo Castro 161, 33920, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - Belén Vega
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Avda. Eduardo Castro 161, 33920, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - José Schneider
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Vizoso
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Avda. Eduardo Castro 161, 33920, Gijón, Asturias, Spain.
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18
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Magatti M, Masserdotti A, Bonassi Signoroni P, Vertua E, Stefani FR, Silini AR, Parolini O. B Lymphocytes as Targets of the Immunomodulatory Properties of Human Amniotic Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1156. [PMID: 32582218 PMCID: PMC7295987 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) from the amniotic membrane of human term placenta (hAMSC), and the conditioned medium generated from their culture (CM-hAMSC) offer significant tools for their use in regenerative medicine mainly due to their immunomodulatory properties. Interestingly, hAMSC and their CM have been successfully exploited in preclinical disease models of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases where depletion or modulation of B cells have been indicated as an effective treatment, such as inflammatory bowel disease, lung fibrosis, would healing, collagen-induced arthritis, and multiple sclerosis. While the interactions between hAMSC or CM-hAMSC and T lymphocytes, monocytes, dendritic cells, and macrophages has been extensively explored, how they affect B lymphocytes remains unclear. Considering that B cells are key players in the adaptive immune response and are a central component of different diseases, in this study we investigated the in vitro properties of hAMSC and CM-hAMSC on B cells. We provide evidence that both hAMSC and CM-hAMSC strongly suppressed CpG-activated B-cell proliferation. Moreover, CM-hAMSC blocked B-cell differentiation, with an increase of the proportion of mature B cells, and a reduction of antibody secreting cell formation. We observed the strong inhibition of B cell terminal differentiation into CD138+ plasma cells, as further shown by a significant decrease of the expression of interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF-4), PR/SET domain 1(PRDM1), and X-box binding protein 1 (XBP-1) genes. Our results point out that the mechanism by which CM-hAMSC impacts B cell proliferation and differentiation is mediated by secreted factors, and prostanoids are partially involved in these actions. Factors contained in the CM-hAMSC decreased the CpG-uptake sensors (CD205, CD14, and TLR9), suggesting that B cell stimulation was affected early on. CM-hAMSC also decreased the expression of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK)-4, consequently inhibiting the entire CpG-induced downstream signaling pathway. Overall, these findings add insight into the mechanism of action of hAMSC and CM-hAMSC and are useful to better design their potential therapeutic application in B-cell mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Magatti
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alice Masserdotti
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Elsa Vertua
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Antonietta Rosa Silini
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ornella Parolini
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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19
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Goodman RR, Davies JE. Mesenchymal stromal cells and their derivatives - putative therapeutics in the management of autoimmune pancreatitis. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:969-978. [PMID: 32323467 PMCID: PMC7262915 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune pancreatitis, a derivative of chronic pancreatitis, frequently causes acute episodes with clinical symptoms parallel to those of acute pancreatitis. Corticosteroids are effective in the treatment of 90% of autoimmune pancreatitis cases, but for the remaining 10%, options are limited. Due to their significant immunomodulatory capabilities, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been proposed as a novel treatment strategy for various immune and inflammatory pathologies including those with autoimmune origins. Here, we not only highlight the most recent MSC live‐cell experiments to address acute pancreatitis, but also discuss the opportunities afforded by the emergence of the newly identified field of MSC necrobiology. We conclude that the putative employment of MSC derivatives provides a newer and simpler therapeutic approach that could have significant advantages over the use of cells themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbie R Goodman
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - John E Davies
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada.,Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Canada.,Tissue Regeneration Therapeutics Inc, Toronto, Canada
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20
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Arjunan S, Gan SU, Choolani M, Raj V, Lim J, Biswas A, Bongso A, Fong CY. Inhibition of growth of Asian keloid cells with human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly stem cell-conditioned medium. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:78. [PMID: 32085797 PMCID: PMC7035736 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01609-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Keloid formation occurs in Caucasian, African, and Asian populations and is a severe psychosocial burden on patients. There is no permanent treatment for this problem as its pathogenesis is not properly understood. Furthermore, differences in keloid behavior between ethnic groups are not known. It has been hypothesized that keloids behave like benign tumors because of their uncontrolled growth. The present study evaluated the tumoricidal properties of human Wharton’s jelly stem cell-conditioned medium (hWJSC-CM) on fresh Asian keloid cells (AKCs). Methods Human Wharton’s jelly stem cells (hWJSCs) and AKCs were isolated based on our previous methods. hWJSCs and human skin fibroblasts (HSF) (controls) were used to collect hWJSC-CM and HSF-conditioned medium (HSF-CM). AKCs were treated with hWJSC-CM and HSF-CM in vitro and in vivo in a human keloid xenograft SCID mouse model. The inhibitory effect of hWJSC-CM on AKCs was tested in vitro using various assays and in vivo for attenuation/abrogation of AKC tumors created in a xenograft mouse model. Results qRT-PCR analysis showed that the genes FN1, MMP1, and VCAN were significantly upregulated in AKCs and ANXA1, ASPN, IGFBP7, LGALS1, and PTN downregulated. AKCs exposed to hWJSC-CM in vitro showed significant decreases in cell viability and proliferation, increases in Annexin V-FITC+ cell numbers, interruptions of the cell cycle at Sub-G1 and G2/M phases, altered CD marker expression, downregulated anti-apoptotic-related genes, and upregulated pro-apoptotic and autophagy-related genes compared to controls. When AKCs were administered together with hWJSC-CM into immunodeficient mice there were no keloid tumors formed in 7 mice (n = 10) compared to the untreated control mice. When hWJSC-CM was injected directly into keloid tumors created in mice there were significant reductions in keloid tumor volumes and weights in 30 days. Conclusions hWJSC-CM inhibited the growth of AKCs in vitro and in xenograft mice, and it may be a potential novel treatment for keloids in the human. The specific molecule(s) in hWJSC-CM that induce the anti-keloid effect need to be identified, characterized, and tested separately in larger preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanian Arjunan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, 119228, Singapore
| | - Shu Uin Gan
- Department of Surgery, Kent Ridge, 119228, Singapore
| | - Mahesh Choolani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, 119228, Singapore
| | - Vaishnevi Raj
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, 119228, Singapore
| | - Jane Lim
- Department of Surgery, Kent Ridge, 119228, Singapore
| | - Arijit Biswas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, 119228, Singapore
| | - Ariff Bongso
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, 119228, Singapore
| | - Chui Yee Fong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, 119228, Singapore.
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21
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Kamal MM, Kassem DH. Therapeutic Potential of Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Diabetes: Achievements and Challenges. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:16. [PMID: 32064260 PMCID: PMC7000356 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an alarming metabolic disease in which insulin secreting β-cells are damaged to various extent. Unfortunately, although currently available treatments help to manage the disease, however, patients usually develop complications, as well as decreased life quality and increased mortality. Thus, efficient therapeutic interventions to treat diabetes are urgently warranted. During the past years, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have made their mark as a potential weapon in various regenerative medicine applications. The main fascination about MSCs lies in their potential to exert reparative effects on an amazingly wide spectrum of tissue injury. This is further reinforced by their ease of isolation and large ex vivo expansion capacity, as well as demonstrated multipotency and immunomodulatory activities. Among all the sources of MSCs, those isolated from umbilical cord-Wharton's jelly (WJ-MSCs), have been proved to provide a great source of MSCs. WJ-MSCs do not impose any ethical concerns as those which exist regarding ESCs, and represent a readily available non-invasive source, and hence suggested to become the new gold standard for MSC-based therapies. In the current review, we shall overview achievements, as well as challenges/hurdles which are standing in the way to utilize WJ-MSCs as a novel efficient therapeutic modality for DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M. Kamal
- Pharmacology and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
- The Center for Drug Research and Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina H. Kassem
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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22
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Liu J, Wang X. Focus on exosomes-From pathogenic mechanisms to the potential clinical application value in lymphoma. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:19220-19228. [PMID: 31452241 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are highly specialized and functional bilayer membranous particles. They have been considered as vehicles for transporting and delivering a large number of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids (gene, noncoding RNA, DNA) from parental to recipient cells. In hematological malignancies, exosomes are involved in the tumorigenesis, including producing growth factors, hindering antitumor immunoreaction, promote inflammation, angiogenesis, and hypercoagulation. With the deepening of understanding, exosomes have ignited great interests and ever-increasing efforts into the therapeutic application among scientists, such as biomarkers, therapeutic target, drug delivery system, and vaccines. Here, we discuss the most recent studies on the functions and the emerging therapeutic applications of exosomes in lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Liu
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Lymphoma, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory for Kidney Regeneration of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong, China
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23
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An anticancer effect of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell secretome on the breast cancer cell line. Cell Tissue Bank 2019; 20:423-434. [PMID: 31338647 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-019-09781-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have become one of the most attractive tools for treating tumors, due to their specific characteristics, the most prominent of which are tropism toward tumor. These cells will exert their effects through their secretion. In this study, our aim was to evaluate the anti-cancer effect of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal cells (UCMSC) secretome, on MCF-7 tumor cells. MSCs were extracted from the umbilical cord of mothers, having normal delivery or cesarean section. After culture, the supernatants of these cells were collected and freeze-dried. The cytotoxic effect of freeze-dried secretome was examined at different concentrations on MCF-7 and the optimum concentrations (IC50) were calculated, using MTT assay. These results were confirmed by BrdU assay. The effect of induction of apoptosis of the MSC secretome on MCF-7 was determined, using annexin V/PI method by flow cytometry. The results of our study indicate that the isolation and growth time of UCMSCs of mothers who were naturally delivered was lower than those who received cesarean section. Co-culture studies showed that MSCs had cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 cells. The MSC secretome also showed cytotoxic effects on the MCF-7 cell line, this effect was mediated by induction of apoptosis, which was dose-dependent with an IC50 of 10 mg/mL.
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24
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Barrett AN, Fong CY, Subramanian A, Liu W, Feng Y, Choolani M, Biswas A, Rajapakse JC, Bongso A. Human Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells Show Unique Gene Expression Compared with Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Using Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:196-211. [PMID: 30484393 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Wharton's jelly stem cells (hWJSCs) isolated from the human umbilical cord are a unique population of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with significant clinical utility. Their broad differentiation potential, high rate of proliferation, ready availability from discarded cords, and prolonged maintenance of stemness properties in culture make them an attractive alternative source of MSCs with therapeutic value compared with human bone marrow MSCs (hBMMSCs). We aimed to characterize the differences in gene expression profiles between these two stem cell types using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) to determine which pathways are involved in conferring hWJSCs with their unique properties. We identified 436 significantly differentially expressed genes between the two cell types, playing roles in processes, including immunomodulation, angiogenesis, wound healing, apoptosis, antitumor activity, and chemotaxis. Expression of immune molecules is particularly high in hWJSCs compared with hBMMSCs. These differences in gene expression may help to explain many of the advantages that hWJSCs have over hBMMSCs for clinical application. Although cell surface protein marker expression indicates that isolated hWJSCs and hBMMSCs are both homogenous populations, using scRNA-Seq we can clearly identify extreme variability in expression levels between individual cells within a certain cell type. If the cells are examined as bulk populations, it is not possible to appreciate that a single cell may be making a major unique contribution to the apparent overall expression level. We demonstrated how the fine tuning of expression within hWJSCs and hBMMSCs may be achieved by expression of molecules with opposing function between two cells. We hypothesize that a greater understanding of these differences in gene expression between the two cell types may aid in the development of new therapies using hWJSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela N Barrett
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chui-Yee Fong
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Arjunan Subramanian
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wenting Liu
- 2 Division of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yirui Feng
- 3 School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mahesh Choolani
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Arijit Biswas
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jagath C Rajapakse
- 3 School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ariff Bongso
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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25
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Zuo W, Xie B, Li C, Yan Y, Zhang Y, Liu W, Huang J, Chen D. The Clinical Applications of Endometrial Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Biopreserv Biobank 2018; 16:158-164. [PMID: 29265881 PMCID: PMC5906727 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2017.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (enMSCs) are a class of novel adult stem cells with self-renewal capacity, differentiation potential, low immunogenicity, low tumorigenicity, and other biological characteristics. Since the discovery of enMSCs, they have become a hot research topic. In recent years, research on enMSC isolation and application have made great progress. In this review, we focus on the clinical applications of this cell type. The latest research on the applications of enMSCs in the immune, gynecological, cardiovascular, digestive, nervous systems and metabolic diseases, as well as biobanking of enMSCs will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyun Zuo
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bingyu Xie
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuhan Yan
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yangyi Zhang
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Human Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jufang Huang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
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26
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Silini AR, Cancelli S, Signoroni PB, Cargnoni A, Magatti M, Parolini O. The dichotomy of placenta-derived cells in cancer growth. Placenta 2017; 59:154-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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27
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Cafforio P, Viggiano L, Mannavola F, Pellè E, Caporusso C, Maiorano E, Felici C, Silvestris F. pIL6-TRAIL-engineered umbilical cord mesenchymal/stromal stem cells are highly cytotoxic for myeloma cells both in vitro and in vivo. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:206. [PMID: 28962646 PMCID: PMC5622499 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0655-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal/stromal stem cells (MSCs) are favorably regarded in anti-cancer cytotherapies for their spontaneous chemotaxis toward inflammatory and tumor environments associated with an intrinsic cytotoxicity against tumor cells. Placenta-derived or TRAIL-engineered adipose MSCs have been shown to exert anti-tumor activity in both in-vitro and in-vivo models of multiple myeloma (MM) while TRAIL-transduced umbilical cord (UC)-MSCs appear efficient inducers of apoptosis in a few solid tumors. However, apoptosis is not selective for cancer cells since specific TRAIL receptors are also expressed by a number of normal cells. To overcome this drawback, we propose to transduce UC-MSCs with a bicistronic vector including the TRAIL sequence under the control of IL-6 promoter (pIL6) whose transcriptional activation is promoted by the MM milieu. Methods UC-MSCs were transduced with a bicistronic retroviral vector (pMIGR1) encoding for green fluorescent protein (GFP) and modified to include the pIL6 sequence upstream of the full-length human TRAIL cDNA. TRAIL expression after stimulation with U-266 cell conditioned medium, or IL-1α/IL-1β, was evaluated by flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, real-time PCR, western blot analysis, and ELISA. Apoptosis in MM cells was assayed by Annexin V staining and by caspase-8 activation. The cytotoxic effect of pIL6-TRAIL+-GFP+-UC-MSCs on MM growth was evaluated in SCID mice by bioluminescence and ex vivo by caspase-3 activation and X-ray imaging. Statistical analyses were performed by Student’s t test, ANOVA, and logrank test for survival curves. Results pIL6-TRAIL+-GFP+-UC-MSCs significantly expressed TRAIL after stimulation by either conditioned medium or by IL-1α/IL-1β, and induced apoptosis in U-266 cells. Moreover, when systemically injected in SCID mice intratibially xenografted with U-266, those cells underwent within MM tibia lesions and significantly reduced the tumor burden by specific induction of apoptosis in MM cells as revealed by caspase-3 activation. Conclusions Our tumor microenvironment-sensitive model of anti-MM cytotherapy is regulated by the axis pIL6/IL-1α/IL-1β and appears suitable for further preclinical investigation not only in myeloma bone disease in which UC-MSCs would even participate to bone healing as described, but also in other osteotropic tumors whose milieu is enriched of cytokines triggering the pIL6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Cafforio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, P.za G. Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Luigi Viggiano
- Department of Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Mannavola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, P.za G. Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Pellè
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, P.za G. Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Concetta Caporusso
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantations, Section of Pathological Anatomy, University of Bari Aldo Moro, P.za G. Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Eugenio Maiorano
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantations, Section of Pathological Anatomy, University of Bari Aldo Moro, P.za G. Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Claudia Felici
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, P.za G. Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Silvestris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, P.za G. Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
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28
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Induction of Immunogenic Cell Death in Lymphoma Cells by Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cell Conditioned Medium. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2017; 13:801-816. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-017-9767-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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29
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Hill BS, Pelagalli A, Passaro N, Zannetti A. Tumor-educated mesenchymal stem cells promote pro-metastatic phenotype. Oncotarget 2017; 8:73296-73311. [PMID: 29069870 PMCID: PMC5641213 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are recruited into tumor microenvironment in response to multiple signals produced by cancer cells. Molecules involved in their homing to tumors are the same inflammatory mediators produced by injured tissues: chemokines, cytokines and growth factors. When MSCs arrive into the tumor microenvironment these are “educated” to have pro-metastatic behaviour. Firstly, they promote cancer immunosuppression modulating both innate and adaptive immune systems. Moreover, tumor associated-MSCs trans-differentiating into cancer-associated fibroblasts can induce epithelial-mesenchymal-transition program in tumor cells. This process determinates a more aggressive phenotype of cancer cells by increasing their motility and invasiveness and favoring their dissemination to distant sites. In addition, MSCs are involved in the formation and modelling of pre-metastatic niches creating a supportive environment for colonization of circulating tumor cells. The development of novel therapeutic approaches targeting the different functions of MSCs in promoting tumor progression as well as the mechanisms underlying their activities could enhance the efficacy of conventional and immune anti-cancer therapies. Furthermore, many studies report the use of MSCs engineered to express different genes or as vehicle to specifically deliver novel drugs to tumors exploiting their strong tropism. Importantly, this approach can enhance local therapeutic efficacy and reduce the risk of systemic side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billy Samuel Hill
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pelagalli
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy.,Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzia Passaro
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Zannetti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
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30
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Zhang C, Yang SJ, Wen Q, Zhong JF, Chen XL, Stucky A, Press MF, Zhang X. Human-derived normal mesenchymal stem/stromal cells in anticancer therapies. J Cancer 2017; 8:85-96. [PMID: 28123601 PMCID: PMC5264043 DOI: 10.7150/jca.16792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) not only plays a pivotal role during cancer progression and metastasis, but also has profound effects on therapeutic efficacy. Stromal cells of the TME are increasingly becoming a key consideration in the development of active anticancer therapeutics. However, dispute concerning the role of stromal cells to fight cancer continues because the use of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) as an anticancer agent is dependent on the specific MSCs subtype, in vitro or in vivo conditions, factors secreted by MSCs, types of cancer cell lines and interactions between MSCs, cancer cells and host immune cells. In this review, we mainly focus on the role of human-derived normal MSCs in anticancer therapies. We first discuss the use of different MSCs in the therapies for various cancers. We then focus on their anticancer mechanism and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China.; Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences & Dental Hygiene, and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.; Norris Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Shi-Jie Yang
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China.; Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences & Dental Hygiene, and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.; Norris Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Qin Wen
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China.; Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences & Dental Hygiene, and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.; Norris Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Jiang F Zhong
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences & Dental Hygiene, and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.; Norris Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Xue-Lian Chen
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences & Dental Hygiene, and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.; Norris Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Andres Stucky
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences & Dental Hygiene, and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.; Norris Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Michael F Press
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China.; Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences & Dental Hygiene, and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.; Norris Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
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31
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Yulyana Y, Tovmasyan A, Ho IAW, Sia KC, Newman JP, Ng WH, Guo CM, Hui KM, Batinic-Haberle I, Lam PYP. Redox-Active Mn Porphyrin-based Potent SOD Mimic, MnTnBuOE-2-PyP(5+), Enhances Carbenoxolone-Mediated TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2016; 12:140-55. [PMID: 26454429 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-015-9628-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most malignant tumor of the brain and is challenging to treat due to its highly invasive nature and heterogeneity. Malignant brain tumor displays high metabolic activity which perturbs its redox environment and in turn translates to high oxidative stress. Thus, pushing the oxidative stress level to achieve the maximum tolerable threshold that induces cell death is a potential strategy for cancer therapy. Previously, we have shown that gap junction inhibitor, carbenoxolone (CBX), is capable of enhancing tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) -induced apoptosis in glioma cells. Since CBX is known to induce oxidative stress, we hypothesized that the addition of another potent mediator of oxidative stress, powerful SOD mimic MnTnBuOE-2-PyP(5+) (MnBuOE), could further enhance TRAIL-driven therapeutic efficacy in glioma cells. Our results showed that combining TRAIL + CBX with MnBuOE significantly enhances cell death of glioma cell lines and this enhancement could be further potentiated by CBX pretreatment. MnBuOE-driven cytotoxicity is due to its ability to take advantage of oxidative stress imposed by CBX + TRAIL system, and enhance it in the presence of endogenous reductants, ascorbate and thiol, thereby producing cytotoxic H2O2, and in turn inducing death of glioma cells but not normal astrocytes. Most importantly, combination treatment significantly reduces viability of TRAIL-resistant Asian patient-derived glioma cells, thus demonstrating the potential clinical use of our therapeutic system. It was reported that H2O2 is involved in membrane depolarization-based sensitization of cancer cells toward TRAIL. MnBuOE is entering Clinical Trials as a normal brain radioprotector in glioma patients at Duke University increasing Clinical relevance of our studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulyana Yulyana
- Laboratory of Cancer Gene Therapy, Cellular and Molecular Research Division, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Artak Tovmasyan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Research Drive 281b/285 MSRB I, Box 3455, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Ivy A W Ho
- Laboratory of Cancer Gene Therapy, Cellular and Molecular Research Division, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore.,National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kian Chuan Sia
- Laboratory of Cancer Gene Therapy, Cellular and Molecular Research Division, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore.,National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jennifer P Newman
- Laboratory of Cancer Gene Therapy, Cellular and Molecular Research Division, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Wai Hoe Ng
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chang Ming Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kam Man Hui
- Bek Chai Heah Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Cellular and Molecular Research Division, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer and Stem Cells Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Proteos, Singapore
| | - Ines Batinic-Haberle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Research Drive 281b/285 MSRB I, Box 3455, Durham, NC, 27710, USA. .,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Centre, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Paula Y P Lam
- Laboratory of Cancer Gene Therapy, Cellular and Molecular Research Division, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore. .,Cancer and Stem Cells Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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Human endometrial mesenchymal stem cells exhibit intrinsic anti-tumor properties on human epithelial ovarian cancer cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37019. [PMID: 27845405 PMCID: PMC5109482 DOI: 10.1038/srep37019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal tumor of all gynecologic tumors. There is no curative therapy for EOC thus far. The tumor-homing ability of adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) provide the promising potential to use them as vehicles to transport therapeutic agents to the site of tumor. Meanwhile, studies have showed the intrinsic anti-tumor properties of MSCs against various kinds of cancer, including epithelial ovarian cancer. Human endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (EnSCs) derived from menstrual blood are a novel source for adult MSCs and exert restorative function in some diseases. Whether EnSCs endow innate anti-tumor properties on EOC cells has never been reported. By using tumor-bearing animal model and ex vivo experiments, we found that EnSCs attenuated tumor growth by inducing cell cycle arrest, promoting apoptosis, disturbing mitochondria membrane potential and decreasing pro-angiogenic ability in EOC cells in vitro and/or in vivo. Furthermore, EnSCs decreased AKT phosphorylation and promoted nuclear translocation of Forkhead box O-3a (FoxO3a) in EOC cells. Collectively, our findings elucidated the potential intrinsic anti-tumor properties of EnSCs on EOC cells in vivo and in vitro. This research provides a potential strategy for EnSC-based anti-cancer therapy against epithelial ovarian cancer.
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Lin HD, Fong CY, Biswas A, Choolani M, Bongso A. Human Umbilical Cord Wharton's Jelly Stem Cell Conditioned Medium Induces Tumoricidal Effects on Lymphoma Cells Through Hydrogen Peroxide Mediation. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:2045-55. [PMID: 27392313 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Several groups have reported that human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly stem cells (hWJSCs) possess unique tumoricidal properties against many cancers. However, the exact mechanisms as to how hWJSCs inhibit tumor growth are not known. Recent evidence suggests that exposure of cancer cells to high hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) levels from H2 O2 -releasing drugs causes their death. We therefore explored whether the tumoricidal effect of hWJSCs on lymphoma cells was mediated via H2 O2 . We first exposed lymphoma cells to six different molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) concentrates of hWJSC-conditioned medium (hWJSC-CM) (3, 5, 10, 30, 50, 100 kDa) for 48 h. Since, the 3 kDa-MWCO concentrate showed the greatest cell inhibition we then investigated whether the tumoricidal effect of the specific 3 kDa-MWCO concentrate on two different lymphoma cell lines (Ramos and Toledo) was mediated via accumulation of H2 O2 . We used a battery of assays (MTT, propidium iodide, mitochondria membrane potential, apoptosis, cell cycle, oxidative stress enzymes, hydrogen peroxide, mitochondrial superoxide, hydroxyl radical, peroxynitrile anion, and lipid peroxidation) to test this mechanism. The hWJSC-CM-3 kDa MWCO concentrate significantly decreased cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential and increased cell death and apoptosis in both lymphoma cell lines. There were significant increases in superoxide dismutase with concomitant decreases in glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and thioredoxin peroxidase activities. H2 O2 levels, mitochondrial superoxide, hydroxyl radical, peroxynitrile anion, and lipid peroxidation were also significantly increased in both lymphoma cell lines. The results suggested that the hWJSC-CM-3 kDa MWCO concentrate regulates cellular H2 O2 leading to a tumoricidal effect and may thus be a promising anti-lymphoma agent. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2045-2055, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Daniel Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Chui-Yee Fong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Arijit Biswas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Mahesh Choolani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Ariff Bongso
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 119228, Singapore
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Wharton's Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Fibroblast-Derived Extracellular Matrix Synergistically Activate Apoptosis in a p21-Dependent Mechanism in WHCO1 and MDA MB 231 Cancer Cells In Vitro. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:4842134. [PMID: 26880967 PMCID: PMC4737007 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4842134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment plays a crucial role in tumour progression and comprises tumour stroma which is made up of different cell types and the extracellular matrix (ECM). Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are part of the tumour stroma and may have conflicting effects on tumour growth. In this study we investigated the effect of Wharton's Jelly-derived MSCs (WJ-MSCs) and a fibroblast-derived ECM (fd-ECM) on esophageal (WHCO1) and breast (MDA MB 231) cancer cells in vitro. Both WJ-MSCs and the fd-ECM, alone or in combination, downregulate PCNA, cyclin D1, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and MMPs and upregulate p53 and p21. p21 induction resulted in G2 phase cell cycle arrest and induced apoptosis in vitro. Our data suggest that p21 induction is via p53-dependent and p53-independent mechanisms in WHCO1 and MDA MB 231 cells, respectively. Vascular endothelial growth factor, Akt, and Nodal pathways were downregulated in cancer cells cocultured with WJ-MSCs. We also demonstrate that WJ-MSCs effects on cancer cells appear to be short-lived whilst the fd-ECM effect is long-lived. This study shows the influence of tumour microenvironment on cancer cell behaviour and provides alternative therapeutic targets for potential regulation of tumour cells.
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35
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Wharton's jelly derived mesenchymal stem cells: future of regenerative medicine? Recent findings and clinical significance. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:430847. [PMID: 25861624 PMCID: PMC4377382 DOI: 10.1155/2015/430847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Around 5 million annual births in EU and 131 million worldwide give a unique opportunity to collect lifesaving Wharton's jelly derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSC). Evidences that these cells possess therapeutic properties are constantly accumulating. Collection of WJ-MSC is done at the time of delivery and it is easy and devoid of side effects associated with collection of adult stem cells from bone marrow or adipose tissue. Likewise, their rate of proliferation, immune privileged status, lack of ethical concerns, nontumorigenic properties make them ideal for both autologous and allogeneic use in regenerative medicine applications. This review provides an outline of the recent findings related to WJ-MSC therapeutic effects and possible advantage they possess over MSC from other sources. Results of first clinical trials conducted to treat immune disorders are highlighted.
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Ciavarella S, Caselli A, Tamma AV, Savonarola A, Loverro G, Paganelli R, Tucci M, Silvestris F. A peculiar molecular profile of umbilical cord-mesenchymal stromal cells drives their inhibitory effects on multiple myeloma cell growth and tumor progression. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:1457-70. [PMID: 25758779 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) are under intensive investigation in preclinical models of cytotherapies against cancer, including multiple myeloma (MM). However, the therapeutic use of stromal progenitors holds critical safety concerns due to their potential MM-supporting activity in vivo. Here, we explored whether MSCs from sources other than BM, such as adipose tissue (AD-MSCs) and umbilical cord (UC-MSCs), affect MM cell growth in comparison to either normal (nBM-MSCs) or myelomatous marrow MSCs (MM-BM-MSCs). Results from both proliferation and clonogenic assays indicated that, in contrast to nBM- and MM-BM-MSCs, both AD and particularly UC-MSCs significantly inhibit MM cell clonogenicity and growth in vitro. Furthermore, when co-injected with UC-MSCs into mice, RPMI-8226 MM cells formed smaller subcutaneous tumor masses, while peritumoral injections of the same MSC subtype significantly delayed the tumor burden growing in subcutaneous plasmocytoma-bearing mice. Finally, both microarrays and ELISA revealed different expression of several genes and soluble factors in UC-MSCs as compared with other MSCs. Our data suggest that UC-MSCs have a distinct molecular profile that correlates with their intrinsic anti-MM activity and emphasize the UCs as ideal sources of MSCs for future cell-based therapies against MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabino Ciavarella
- 1Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Caselli
- 1Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Valentina Tamma
- 1Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Savonarola
- 1Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Loverro
- 1Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Roberto Paganelli
- 2Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, Ce.S.I. Center for Aging Studies, Stem TECH Group, University "G. D'Annunzio," Chieti Scalo, Italy
| | - Marco Tucci
- 1Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Franco Silvestris
- 1Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari, Italy
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Ding DC, Chang YH, Shyu WC, Lin SZ. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells: a new era for stem cell therapy. Cell Transplant 2015; 24:339-47. [PMID: 25622293 DOI: 10.3727/096368915x686841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The human umbilical cord is a promising source of mesenchymal stem cells (HUCMSCs). Unlike bone marrow stem cells, HUCMSCs have a painless collection procedure and faster self-renewal properties. Different derivation protocols may provide different amounts and populations of stem cells. Stem cell populations have also been reported in other compartments of the umbilical cord, such as the cord lining, perivascular tissue, and Wharton's jelly. HUCMSCs are noncontroversial sources compared to embryonic stem cells. They can differentiate into the three germ layers that promote tissue repair and modulate immune responses and anticancer properties. Thus, they are attractive autologous or allogenic agents for the treatment of malignant and nonmalignant solid and soft cancers. HUCMCs also can be the feeder layer for embryonic stem cells or other pluripotent stem cells. Regarding their therapeutic value, storage banking system and protocols should be established immediately. This review critically evaluates their therapeutic value, challenges, and future directions for their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dah-Ching Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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