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Kahn DE, Bergman BC. Keeping It Local in Metabolic Disease: Adipose Tissue Paracrine Signaling and Insulin Resistance. Diabetes 2022; 71:599-609. [PMID: 35316835 PMCID: PMC8965661 DOI: 10.2337/dbi21-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in adipose tissue composition and function are associated with obesity and contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes. While the significance of this relationship has been cemented, our understanding of the multifaceted role of adipose tissue in metabolic heath and disease continues to evolve and expand. Heterogenous populations of cells that make up adipose tissue throughout the body generate diverse secretomes containing a mosaic of bioactive compounds with vast structural and signaling capabilities. While there are many reports highlighting the important role of adipose tissue endocrine signaling in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, the direct, local, paracrine effect of adipose tissue has received less attention. Recent studies have begun to underscore the importance of considering anatomically discrete adipose depots for their specific impact on local microenvironments and metabolic function in neighboring tissues as well as regulation of whole-body physiology. This article highlights the important role of adipose tissue paracrine signaling on metabolic function and insulin sensitivity in nearby tissues and organs, specifically focusing on visceral, pancreatic, subcutaneous, intermuscular, and perivascular adipose tissue depots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darcy E. Kahn
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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Adeyanju OA, Badejogbin OC, Areola DE, Olaniyi KS, Dibia C, Soetan OA, Oniyide AA, Michael OS, Olatunji LA, Soladoye AO. Sodium butyrate arrests pancreato-hepatic synchronous uric acid and lipid dysmetabolism in high fat diet fed Wistar rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 133:110994. [PMID: 33197764 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
High fat diet (HFD) is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome which is characterized by overt glucose dysmetabolism and tissue derangement. The liver and pancreas are important metabolic tissues with anatomical proximity sharing splanchnic and mesenteric circulation but it is unclear whether, there is an associated metabolic status between the two organs in health and disease. Uric acid (UA) hypersecretion and ectopic lipid accumulation are characteristic pathophysiology of an array of non-communicable diseases. Sodium butyrate (BUT) is reputed for therapeutic roles in metabolic derangement. Therefore, the present study investigated synchrony in hepatic and pancreatic UA and lipid metabolic status in HFD-induced glucose dysregulation and probed the beneficial effects of BUT. Twenty-four female Wistar rats were treated with normal rat chow and distilled water (po) or sodium butyrate (200 mg/kg; po) or high fat diet and distilled water (po) or high fat diet and sodium butyrate. Results showed that HFD increased plasma, pancreatic and hepatic triglyceride, triglyceride-glucose index, malondialdehyde, uric acid (UA), lactate dehydrogenase but reduced glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Histological analysis revealed hepatic and pancreatic architectural derangement and cellular degeneration in HFD-fed animals. However, BUT reversed the HFD-induced systemic, pancreatic and hepatic synchronous dysmetabolism with evidence of improved histology. HFD-induced lipid and UA alterations were synchronous in the pancreas and liver. BUT elicits beneficial effects on systemic and tissue HFD-induced deleterious metabolic changes which were synchronized in pancreas and liver of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwaseun A Adeyanju
- Cardiometabolic Research Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team & Department of Physiology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
| | - Olabimpe C Badejogbin
- Cardiometabolic Research Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Damilare E Areola
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team & Department of Physiology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Kehinde S Olaniyi
- Cardiometabolic Research Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team & Department of Physiology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Chinaza Dibia
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team & Department of Physiology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Olaniyi A Soetan
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team & Department of Physiology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Adesola A Oniyide
- Cardiometabolic Research Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Olugbenga S Michael
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team & Department of Physiology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Cardiometabolic Research Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria
| | - Lawrence A Olatunji
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team & Department of Physiology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Ayodele O Soladoye
- Cardiometabolic Research Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria
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Gerst F, Wagner R, Oquendo MB, Siegel-Axel D, Fritsche A, Heni M, Staiger H, Häring HU, Ullrich S. What role do fat cells play in pancreatic tissue? Mol Metab 2019; 25:1-10. [PMID: 31113756 PMCID: PMC6600604 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is now generally accepted that obesity is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Hepatic steatosis in particular, as well as visceral and ectopic fat accumulation within tissues, is associated with the development of the disease. We recently presented the first study on isolated human pancreatic adipocytes and their interaction with islets [Gerst, F., Wagner, R., Kaiser, G., Panse, M., Heni, M., Machann, J., et al., 2017. Metabolic crosstalk between fatty pancreas and fatty liver: effects on local inflammation and insulin secretion. Diabetologia 60(11):2240–2251.]. The results indicate that the function of adipocytes depends on the overall metabolic status in humans which, in turn, differentially affects islet hormone release. Scope of Review This review summarizes former and recent studies on factors derived from adipocytes and their effects on insulin-secreting β-cells, with particular emphasis on the human pancreas. The adipocyte secretome is discussed with a special focus on its influence on insulin secretion, β-cell survival and apoptotic β-cell death. Major Conclusions Human pancreatic adipocytes store lipids and release adipokines, metabolites, and pro-inflammatory molecules in response to the overall metabolic, humoral, and neuronal status. The differentially regulated adipocyte secretome impacts on endocrine function, i.e., insulin secretion, β-cell survival and death which interferes with glycemic control. This review attempts to explain why the extent of pancreatic steatosis is associated with reduced insulin secretion in some studies but not in others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Gerst
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert Wagner
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Nephrology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Morgana Barroso Oquendo
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Nephrology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dorothea Siegel-Axel
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Nephrology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Nephrology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Heni
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Nephrology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Harald Staiger
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Nephrology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Ullrich
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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WANG R, LIU J, GUO X, GAO F, JI B, ZHOU F. Vitamin C Protects against INS832/13 ^|^beta;-Cell Death and/or Dysfunction Caused by Glucolipotoxicity or 3T3-L1 Adipocyte Coculture. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2014. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.60.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruojun WANG
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University
| | - Jia LIU
- China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries
| | - Xiaoxuan GUO
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University
| | - Fengyi GAO
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University
| | - Baoping JI
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University
| | - Feng ZHOU
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University
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Wang Y, Dong W, Ding X, Wang F, Wang Y, Chen X, Yu L, Li X, Zhang A, Peng Y. Protective effect of α-lipoic acid on islet cells co-cultured with 3T3L1 adipocytes. Exp Ther Med 2012. [PMID: 23181120 PMCID: PMC3503631 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2012.601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and β-cell dysfunction due to oxidative stress impact the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. We co-cultured 3T3L1 adipocytes and islet cells in the presence or absence of the antioxidant α-lipoic acid (LA) and assayed the effects of the adipocytes and LA on the secretion of insulin by the islet cells and on the activities of factors involved in secretion and oxidative stress. At low glucose concentrations (2.8 mmol/l), the presence of adipocytes (co-culture) increased insulin secretion compared with islet cells cultured alone (control) and this increase was diminished by LA (co-culture plus LA). At high glucose concentrations (22 mmol/l), insulin secretion levels were similar for all islet groups, resulting in a restoration of the stimulation index in the presence of LA. The mRNA levels of the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) genes glucokinase, glucose transporter 2 and Kir6.2 were downregulated under co-culture and co-culture plus LA conditions. Protein and tyrosine phosphorylation levels of insulin receptor-β and insulin receptor substrate-1 were decreased under co-culture conditions and were restored by LA treatment. Cellular malondialdehyde levels increased in the co-cultured islets and this increase was blocked by LA. The mRNA levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase were reduced under co-culture conditions and these reductions were eliminated by the addition of LA. In conclusion, 3T3L1 adipocytes disturb insulin secretion and induce islet dysfunction. The effects may be mediated by multiple pathways, which include downregulation of GSIS gene expression, suppression of islet cell insulin signaling and the induction of oxidative stress. LA may protect islet cells via activation of islet cell insulin signaling and the mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism
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Lebrun P, Cognard E, Gontard P, Bellon-Paul R, Filloux C, Berthault MF, Magnan C, Ruberte J, Luppo M, Pujol A, Pachera N, Herchuelz A, Bosch F, Van Obberghen E. The suppressor of cytokine signalling 2 (SOCS2) is a key repressor of insulin secretion. Diabetologia 2010; 53:1935-46. [PMID: 20499047 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-010-1786-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS) proteins are powerful inhibitors of pathways involved in survival and function of pancreatic beta cells. Whereas SOCS1 and SOCS3 have been involved in immune and inflammatory processes, respectively, in beta cells, nothing is known about SOCS2 implication in the pancreas. METHODS Transgenic (tg) mice were generated that constitutively produced SOCS2 in beta cells (betaSOCS2) to define whether this protein is implicated in beta cell functioning and/or survival. RESULTS Constitutive production of SOCS2 in beta cells leads to hyperglycaemia and glucose intolerance. This phenotype is not a consequence of decreased beta cell mass or inhibition of insulin synthesis. However, insulin secretion to various secretagogues is profoundly altered in intact animals and isolated islets. Interestingly, constitutive SOCS2 production dampens the rise in cytosolic free calcium concentration induced by glucose, while glucose metabolism is unchanged. Moreover, tg islets have a depletion in endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) stores, suggesting that SOCS2 interferes with calcium fluxes. Finally, in betaSOCS2 mice proinsulin maturation is impaired, leading to an altered structure of insulin secretory granules and augmented levels of proinsulin. The latter is likely to be due to decreased production of prohormone convertase 1 (PC1/3), which plays a key role in proinsulin cleavage. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATIONS SOCS2 was shown to be a potent regulator of proinsulin processing and insulin secretion in beta cells. While its constitutive production is insufficient to induce overt diabetes in this mouse model, it causes glucose intolerance. Thus, increased SOCS2 production could be an important event predisposing to beta cell failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lebrun
- INSERM U907, Avenue de Valombrose, Nice, France.
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Christiaens V, Sujatha R, Hellemans KH, Pipeleers D, Lijnen HR. Functional interactions between pancreatic beta cells and (pre)adipocytes. Endocrine 2010; 38:118-26. [PMID: 20960112 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-010-9364-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is causally related to obesity and characterized by dysfunctional pancreatic beta cells. It is so far unclear whether direct interactions exist between adipocytes and beta cells and possibly raise any pathogenic relevance. In this study, we examined whether 9-day co-cultured 3T3-F442A (pre)adipocytes and primary rat pancreatic beta cells exert an influence on each other's function. In the presence of beta cells, 3T3-F442A cells became lipid-storing cells expressing markers of differentiated adipocytes and releasing adiponectin. This effect was attributed to the medium insulin levels (around 0.1 μM) and was associated with an elevated glucose consumption by the 3T3-F442A cells. The subsequent decrease in medium glucose concentration reduced the rate of insulin release by beta cells cultured at 10 mM glucose, and thus suppressed their degranulation during culture. These changes in beta cell function did not occur at 20 mM glucose and were reversible upon removal of the 3T3-F422A cells. They could not be reproduced by 3T3-F422A-conditioned medium containing varying adiponectin concentrations. These data indicate that insulin secreted by beta cells is sufficient to induce differentiation of preadipocytes without addition of exogenous adipogenic factors. Over 9 days culture, (pre)adipocytes did not directly and irreversibly affect beta cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Christiaens
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
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Koeck T, Willard B, Crabb JW, Kinter M, Stuehr DJ, Aulak KS. Glucose-mediated tyrosine nitration in adipocytes: targets and consequences. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 46:884-92. [PMID: 19135148 PMCID: PMC2888280 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2008] [Revised: 12/03/2008] [Accepted: 12/11/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia, a key factor in insulin resistance and diabetic pathology, is associated with cellular oxidative stress that promotes oxidative protein modifications. We report that protein nitration is responsive to changes in glucose concentrations in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Alterations in the extent of tyrosine nitration as well as the cellular nitroproteome profile correlated tightly with changing glucose concentrations. The target proteins we identified are involved in fatty acid binding, cell signaling, protein folding, energy metabolism, antioxidant capacity, and membrane permeability. The nitration of adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (FABP4) at Tyr19 decreases, similar to phosphorylation, the binding of palmitic acid to the fatty acid-free protein. This potentially alters intracellular fatty acid transport, nuclear translocation of FABP4, and agonism of PPAR gamma. Our results suggest that protein tyrosine nitration may be a factor in obesity, insulin resistance, and the pathogenesis of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Koeck
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44118, USA
- Corresponding authors. Fax: +1 216 444 8372. (T. Koeck), (K.S. Aulak)
| | - Belinda Willard
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - John W. Crabb
- Departments of Ophthalmic Research and Cell Biology, Cole Eye Institute and Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mike Kinter
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Dennis J. Stuehr
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44118, USA
| | - Kulwant S. Aulak
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44118, USA
- Corresponding authors. Fax: +1 216 444 8372. (T. Koeck), (K.S. Aulak)
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Fan LH, Tian HY, Wang J, Huo JH, Hu Z, Ma AQ, Cao YX. Downregulation of Kir6.1/SUR2B channels in the obese rat aorta. Nutrition 2008; 25:359-63. [PMID: 19056241 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2008.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2008] [Revised: 08/10/2008] [Accepted: 09/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to evaluate the contribution of adenosine triphosphate-dependent potassium channels to the increase in blood pressure observed in obese rats. METHODS The experiment was performed in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Glibenclamide-sensitive currents were measured in vascular smooth muscle cells by patch-clamp. Expressions of Kir6.1 and SUR2B were examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot techniques, respectively. RESULTS In the aortic vascular smooth muscle cells, pinacidil induced glibenclamide-sensitive currents. The current from obese rats was significantly lower (-10.55 +/- 1.63 pA/pF) compared with that from the control rats (-20.18 +/- 2.79 pA/pF). Expressions of Kir6.1 and SUR2B were downregulated in vascular smooth muscle cells of aortas from the obese rats. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the adenosine triphosphate-dependent potassium channel is downregulated in smooth muscle cells from the aortas of obese rats, which may contribute to the increase in blood pressure in these rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hong Fan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Fan LH, Tian HY, Ma AQ, Hu Z, Huo JH, Cao YX. Altered ATP-sensitive potassium channels may underscore obesity-triggered increase in blood pressure. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2008; 29:1167-74. [PMID: 18817620 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7254.2008.00810.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine whether ATP-sensitive potassium channels are altered in VSMC from arotas and mesenteric arteries of obese rat, and their association with obesity-triggered increase in blood pressure. METHODS Obesity was induced by 24 weeks of high-fat diet feeding in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Control rats were fed with standard laboratory rat chow. Blood pressure and body weight of these rats were measured every 4 weeks. At the end of 24 weeks, K(ATP) channelmediated relaxation responses in the aortas and mesenteric arteries, K(ATP) channel current, and gene expression were examined, respectively. RESULTS Blood pressure and body weight were increased in rats fed with high-fat diet. K(ATP) channelmediated relaxation responses, currents, and K(ATP) expression in VSMC of both aortas and mesenteric arteries were inhibited in these rats. CONCLUSION Altered ATP-sensitive potassium channels in obese rats may underscore obesity-triggered increase in blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-hong Fan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi-an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi-an 710061, China
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