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Coppola G, Abagnale C, Sebastianelli G, Goadsby PJ. Pathophysiology of cluster headache: From the trigeminovascular system to the cerebral networks. Cephalalgia 2024; 44:3331024231209317. [PMID: 38415635 DOI: 10.1177/03331024231209317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite advances in neuroimaging and electrophysiology, cluster headache's pathogenesis remains unclear. This review will examine clinical neurophysiology studies, including electrophysiological and functional neuroimaging, to determine if they might help us construct a neurophysiological model of cluster headache. RESULTS Clinical, biochemical, and electrophysiological research have implicated the trigeminal-parasympathetic system in cluster headache pain generation, although the order in which these two systems are activated, which may be somewhat independent, is unknown. Electrophysiology and neuroimaging have found one or more central factors that may cause seasonal and circadian attacks. The well-known posterior hypothalamus, with its primary circadian pacemaker suprachiasmatic nucleus, the brainstem monoaminergic systems, the midbrain, with an emphasis on the dopaminergic system, especially when cluster headache is chronic, and the descending pain control systems appear to be involved. Functional connection investigations have verified electrophysiological evidence of functional changes in distant brain regions connecting to wide cerebral networks other than pain. CONCLUSION We propose that under the impact of external time, an inherited misalignment between the primary circadian pacemaker suprachiasmatic nucleus and other secondary extra- suprachiasmatic nucleus clocks may promote disturbance of the body's internal physiological clock, lowering the threshold for bout recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Coppola
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome Polo Pontino ICOT, Latina, Italy
| | - Chiara Abagnale
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome Polo Pontino ICOT, Latina, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sebastianelli
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome Polo Pontino ICOT, Latina, Italy
| | - Peter J Goadsby
- NIHR King's Clinical Research Facility, and Wolfson Sensory, Pain and Regeneration Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London UK
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Belin AC, Barloese MC. The genetics and chronobiology of cluster headache. Cephalalgia 2023; 43:3331024231208126. [PMID: 37851671 DOI: 10.1177/03331024231208126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/HYPOTHESIS Cluster headache displays uniquely rhythmic patterns in its attack manifestation. This strong chronobiological influence suggests that part of the pathophysiology of cluster headache is distinctly different from migraine and has prompted genetic investigations probing these systems. METHODS This is a narrative overview of the cluster headache chronobiological phenotype from the point of view of genetics covering existing knowledge, highlighting the specific challenges in cluster headache and suggesting novel research approaches to overcome these. RESULTS The chronobiological features of cluster headache are a hallmark of the disorder and while discrepancies between study results do exist, the main findings are highly reproducible across populations and time. Particular findings in subgroups indicate that the heritability of the disorder is linked to chronobiological systems. Meanwhile, genetic markers of circadian rhythm genes have been implicated in cluster headache, but with conflicting results. However, in two recently published genome wide association studies two of the identified four loci include genes with an involvement in circadian rhythm, MER proto-oncogene, tyrosine kinase and four and a half LIM domains 5. These findings strengthen the involvement of circadian rhythm in cluster headache pathophysiology. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION Studying chronobiology and genetics in cluster headache presents challenges unique to the disorder. Researchers are overcoming these challenges by pooling various data from different cohorts and performing meta-analyses providing novel insights into a classically enigmatic disorder. Further progress can likely be made by combining deep pheno- and genotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Carmine Belin
- Centre for Cluster Headache, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mads Christian Barloese
- Department of Functional and Diagnostic Imaging, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
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3
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Haniffa S, Narain P, Hughes MA, Petković A, Šušić M, Mlambo V, Chaudhury D. Chronic social stress blunts core body temperature and molecular rhythms of Rbm3 and Cirbp in mouse lateral habenula. Open Biol 2023; 13:220380. [PMID: 37463657 PMCID: PMC10353891 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic social stress in mice causes behavioural and physiological changes that result in perturbed rhythms of body temperature, activity and sleep-wake cycle. To further understand the link between mood disorders and temperature rhythmicity in mice that are resilient or susceptible to stress, we measured core body temperature (Tcore) before and after exposure to chronic social defeat stress (CSDS). We found that Tcore amplitudes of stress-resilient and susceptible mice are dampened during exposure to CSDS. However, following CSDS, resilient mice recovered temperature amplitude faster than susceptible mice. Furthermore, the interdaily stability (IS) of temperature rhythms was fragmented in stress-exposed mice during CSDS, which recovered to control levels following stress. There were minimal changes in locomotor activity after stress exposure which correlates with regular rhythmic expression of Prok2 - an output signal of the suprachiasmatic nucleus. We also determined that expression of thermosensitive genes Rbm3 and Cirbp in the lateral habenula (LHb) were blunted 1 day after CSDS. Rhythmic expression of these genes recovered 10 days later. Overall, we show that CSDS blunts Tcore and thermosensitive gene rhythms. Tcore rhythm recovery is faster in stress-resilient mice, but Rbm3 and Cirbp recovery is uniform across the phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Haniffa
- Department of Biology, Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Priyam Narain
- Centre for Genomics and Systems Biology (CGSB), New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Michelle Ann Hughes
- Department of Biology, Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aleksa Petković
- Department of Biology, Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Marko Šušić
- Department of Biology, Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vongai Mlambo
- Department of Biology, Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dipesh Chaudhury
- Department of Biology, Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Pisanu C, Squassina A. RNA Biomarkers in Bipolar Disorder and Response to Mood Stabilizers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10067. [PMID: 37373213 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe chronic disorder that represents one of the main causes of disability among young people. To date, no reliable biomarkers are available to inform the diagnosis of BD or clinical response to pharmacological treatment. Studies focused on coding and noncoding transcripts may provide information complementary to genome-wide association studies, allowing to correlate the dynamic evolution of different types of RNAs based on specific cell types and developmental stage with disease development or clinical course. In this narrative review, we summarize findings from human studies that evaluated the potential utility of messenger RNAs and noncoding transcripts, such as microRNAs, circular RNAs and long noncoding RNAs, as peripheral markers of BD and/or response to lithium and other mood stabilizers. The majority of available studies investigated specific targets or pathways, with large heterogeneity in the included type of cells or biofluids. However, a growing number of studies are using hypothesis-free designs, with some studies also integrating data on coding and noncoding RNAs measured in the same participants. Finally, studies conducted in neurons derived from induced-pluripotent stem cells or in brain organoids provide promising preliminary findings supporting the power and utility of these cellular models to investigate the molecular determinants of BD and clinical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pisanu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Alessio Squassina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 2E2, Canada
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5
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Sleep and Chronobiology as a Key to Understand Cluster Headache. Neurol Int 2023; 15:497-507. [PMID: 36976672 PMCID: PMC10051701 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint15010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The cluster headache is a primary headache characterized by attacks of unilateral pain associated with ipsilateral cranial autonomic features. These attacks recur in clusters during the years alternating with periods of complete remission, and their onset is often during the night. This annual and nocturnal periodicity hides a strong and mysterious link among CH, sleep, chronobiology and circadian rhythm. Behind this relationship, there may be the influence of genetic components or of anatomical structures such as the hypothalamus, which are both involved in regulating the biological clock and contributing even to the periodicity of cluster headaches. The bidirectional relationship manifests itself also with the presence of sleep disturbances in patients affected by cluster headaches. What if the key to studying the physiopathology of such disease could rely on the mechanisms of chronobiology? The purpose of this review is to analyze this link in order to interpret the pathophysiology of cluster headaches and the possible therapeutic implications.
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Gao K, Kaye NM, Ayati M, Koyuturk M, Calabrese JR, Christian E, Lazarus HM, Kaplan D. Divergent Directionality of Immune Cell-Specific Protein Expression between Bipolar Lithium Responders and Non-Responders Revealed by Enhanced Flow Cytometry. Medicina (B Aires) 2023; 59:medicina59010120. [PMID: 36676744 PMCID: PMC9860624 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: There is no biomarker to predict lithium response. This study used CellPrint™ enhanced flow cytometry to study 28 proteins representing a spectrum of cellular pathways in monocytes and CD4+ lymphocytes before and after lithium treatment in patients with bipolar disorder (BD). Materials and Methods: Symptomatic patients with BD type I or II received lithium (serum level ≥ 0.6 mEq/L) for 16 weeks. Patients were assessed with standard rating scales and divided into two groups, responders (≥50% improvement from baseline) and non-responders. Twenty-eight intracellular proteins in CD4+ lymphocytes and monocytes were analyzed with CellPrint™, an enhanced flow cytometry procedure. Data were analyzed for differences in protein expression levels. Results: The intent-to-treat sample included 13 lithium-responders (12 blood samples before treatment and 9 after treatment) and 11 lithium-non-responders (11 blood samples before treatment and 4 after treatment). No significant differences in expression between the groups was observed prior to lithium treatment. After treatment, the majority of analytes increased expression in responders and decreased expression in non-responders. Significant increases were seen for PDEB4 and NR3C1 in responders. A significant decrease was seen for NR3C1 in non-responders. Conclusions: Lithium induced divergent directionality of protein expression depending on the whether the patient was a responder or non-responder, elucidating molecular characteristics of lithium responsiveness. A subsequent study with a larger sample size is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keming Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-216-844-2400; Fax: +1-214-844-2877
| | | | - Marzieh Ayati
- Department of Computer Science, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA
| | - Mehmet Koyuturk
- Department of Computer and Data Sciences, Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Joseph R. Calabrese
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | | | - Hillard M. Lazarus
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- CellPrint Biotechnology, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - David Kaplan
- CellPrint Biotechnology, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Medicine-Hematology/Oncology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Haniffa S, Narain P, Hughes MA, Petković A, Šušić M, Mlambo V, Chaudhury D. Chronic social stress blunts core body temperature and molecular rhythms of Rbm3and Cirbpin mouse lateral habenula.. [DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.02.522528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2023]
Abstract
AbstractChronic social stress in mice causes behavioral and physiological changes that result in perturbed rhythms of body temperature, activity and sleep-wake cycle. To further understand the link between mood disorders and temperature rhythmicity in mice that are resilient or susceptible to stress, we measured core body temperature (Tcore) before and after exposure to chronic social defeat stress (CSDS). We found that Tcore amplitudes of stress-resilient and susceptible mice are dampened during exposure to CSDS. However, following CSDS, resilient mice recovered temperature amplitude faster than susceptible mice. Furthermore, the interdaily stability (IS) of temperature rhythms was fragmented in stress-exposed mice during CSDS, which recovered to control levels following stress. There were minimal changes in locomotor activity after stress exposure which correlates with regular rhythmic expression ofProk2- an output signal of the suprachiasmatic nucleus. We also determined that expression of thermosensitive genesRbm3andCirbpin the lateral habenula (LHb) were blunted 1-day after CSDS. Rhythmic expression of these genes recovered 10 days later. Overall, we show that CSDS blunts Tcore and thermosensitive gene rhythms. Tcore rhythm recovery is faster in stress-resilient mice, butRbm3andCirbprecovery is uniform across the phenotypes.
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8
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Hu Y, Liu Y, Quan X, Fan W, Xu B, Li S. RBM3 is an outstanding cold shock protein with multiple physiological functions beyond hypothermia. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:3788-3802. [PMID: 35926117 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
RNA-binding motif protein 3 (RBM3), an outstanding cold shock protein, is rapidly upregulated to ensure homeostasis and survival in a cold environment, which is an important physiological mechanism in response to cold stress. Meanwhile, RBM3 has multiple physiological functions and participates in the regulation of various cellular physiological processes, such as antiapoptosis, circadian rhythm, cell cycle, reproduction, and tumogenesis. The structure, conservation, and tissue distribution of RBM3 in human are demonstrated in this review. Herein, the multiple physiological functions of RBM3 were summarized based on recent research advances. Meanwhile, the cytoprotective mechanism of RBM3 during stress under various adverse conditions and its regulation of transcription were discussed. In addition, the neuroprotection of RBM3 and its oncogenic role and controversy in various cancers were investigated in our review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Hu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Medicine Foundation, Daqing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Medicine Foundation, Daqing, China
| | - Xin Quan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Medicine Foundation, Daqing, China
| | - Wenxuan Fan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Medicine Foundation, Daqing, China
| | - Bin Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Medicine Foundation, Daqing, China
| | - Shize Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Medicine Foundation, Daqing, China
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9
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Pisanu C, Severino G, De Toma I, Dierssen M, Fusar-Poli P, Gennarelli M, Lio P, Maffioletti E, Maron E, Mehta D, Minelli A, Potier MC, Serretti A, Stacey D, van Westrhenen R, Xicota L, Baune BT, Squassina A. Transcriptional biomarkers of response to pharmacological treatments in severe mental disorders: A systematic review. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2022; 55:112-157. [PMID: 35016057 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Variation in the expression level and activity of genes involved in drug disposition and action in tissues of pharmacological importance have been increasingly investigated in patients treated with psychotropic drugs. Findings are promising, but reliable predictive biomarkers of response have yet to be identified. Here we conducted a PRISMA-compliant systematic search of PubMed, Scopus and PsycInfo up to 12 September 2020 for studies investigating RNA expression levels in cells or biofluids from patients with major depressive disorder, schizophrenia or bipolar disorder characterized for response to psychotropic drugs (antidepressants, antipsychotics or mood stabilizers) or adverse effects. Among 5497 retrieved studies, 123 (63 on antidepressants, 33 on antipsychotics and 27 on mood stabilizers) met inclusion criteria. Studies were either focused on mRNAs (n = 96), microRNAs (n = 19) or long non-coding RNAs (n = 1), with only a minority investigating both mRNAs and microRNAs levels (n = 7). The most replicated results include genes playing a role in inflammation (antidepressants), neurotransmission (antidepressants and antipsychotics) or mitochondrial function (mood stabilizers). Compared to those investigating response to antidepressants, studies focused on antipsychotics or mood stabilizers more often showed lower sample size and lacked replication. Strengths and limitations of available studies are presented and discussed in light of the specific designs, methodology and clinical characterization of included patients for transcriptomic compared to DNA-based studies. Finally, future directions of transcriptomics of psychopharmacological interventions in psychiatric disorders are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pisanu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Severino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ilario De Toma
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mara Dierssen
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Early Psychosis: Intervention and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, UK; Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Massimo Gennarelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Pietro Lio
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elisabetta Maffioletti
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Eduard Maron
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Divya Mehta
- Queensland University of Technology, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Faculty of Health, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alessandra Minelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Serretti
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - David Stacey
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Roos van Westrhenen
- Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health and Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology&Neuroscience (IoPPN) King's College London, UK
| | - Laura Xicota
- Paris Brain Institute ICM, Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | - Bernhard T Baune
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Alessio Squassina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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Abstract
Cluster headache is a primary headache form occurring in paroxysmal excruciatingly severe unilateral head pain attacks usually grouped in periods lasting 1-2months, the cluster periods. A genetic component is suggested by the familial occurrence of the disease but a genetic linkage is yet to be identified. Contemporary activation of trigeminal and cranial parasympathetic systems-the so-called trigemino-parasympathetic reflex-during the headache attacks seem to cause the pain and accompanying oculo-facial autonomic phenomena respectively. At peripheral level, the increased calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) plasma levels suggests trigeminal system activation during cluster headache attacks. The temporal pattern of the disease both in terms of circadian rhythmicity and seasonal recurrence has suggested involvement of the hypothalamic biological clock in the pathophysiology of cluster headache. The posterior hypothalamus was investigate as the cluster generator leading to activation of the trigemino-parasympathetic reflex, but the accumulated experience after 20 years of hypothalamic electrical stimulation to treat the condition indicate that this brain region rather acts as pain modulator. Efficacy of monoclonal antibodies to treat episodic cluster headache points to a key role of CGRP in the pathophysiology of the condition.
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Fourier C, Ran C, Sjöstrand C, Waldenlind E, Steinberg A, Belin AC. The molecular clock gene cryptochrome 1 ( CRY1) and its role in cluster headache. Cephalalgia 2021; 41:1374-1381. [PMID: 34256648 PMCID: PMC8592106 DOI: 10.1177/03331024211024165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Cluster headache is a severe primary headache disorder commonly featuring a strikingly distinct circadian attack pattern. Therefore, the circadian system has been suggested to play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of cluster headache. Cryptochromes are key components of the molecular clock generating circadian rhythms and have previously been shown to be associated with several psychiatric disorders, including seasonal affective disorder, bipolar disorder, and depression. Methods In this case-control study, we investigated the role of cryptochrome (CRY) genes in cluster headache by screening 628 cluster headache patients and 681 controls from Sweden for four known genetic variants in the CRY1 (rs2287161 and rs8192440) and CRY2 (rs10838524 and rs1554338) genes. In addition, we analyzed CRY1 gene expression in primary fibroblast cell lines from eleven patients and ten controls. Results The exonic CRY1 variant rs8192440 was associated with cluster headache on allelic level (p=0.02) and this association was even more pronounced in a subgroup of patients with reported diurnal rhythmicity of attacks (p=0.002). We found a small significant difference in CRY1 gene expression between cluster headache patients and control individuals (p=0.04), but we could not identify an effect of the associated variant rs8192440 on CRY1 expression. Conclusions We discovered a disease-associated variant in the CRY1 gene and slightly increased CRY1 gene expression in tissue from cluster headache patients, strengthening the hypothesis of circadian dysregulation in cluster headache. How this gene variant may contribute to the pathophysiology of the disease remains subject to further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Fourier
- Department of Neuroscience, 27106Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Ran
- Department of Neuroscience, 27106Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christina Sjöstrand
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, 27106Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neurology, 59562Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Waldenlind
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, 27106Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neurology, 59562Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Steinberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, 27106Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neurology, 59562Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Carmine Belin
- Department of Neuroscience, 27106Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Burish MJ, Han C, Mawatari K, Wirianto M, Kim E, Ono K, Parakramaweera R, Chen Z, Yoo SH. The first-line cluster headache medication verapamil alters the circadian period and elicits sex-specific sleep changes in mice. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:839-850. [PMID: 33829951 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1892127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Verapamil is the first-line preventive medication for cluster headache, an excruciating disorder with strong circadian features. Whereas second- and third-line preventives include known circadian modulators, such as melatonin, corticosteroids, and lithium, the circadian effects of verapamil are poorly understood. Here, we characterize the circadian features of verapamil using both in vitro and in vivo models. In Per2::LucSV reporter fibroblasts, treatment with verapamil (0.03-10 µM) showed a dose-dependent period shortening of the reporter rhythm which reached a nadir at 1 µM, and altered core clock gene expression at 10 µM. Mouse wheel-running activity with verapamil (1 mg/mL added to the drinking water) also resulted in significant period shortening and activity reduction in both male and female free-running wild-type C57BL6/J mice. The temporal patterns of activity reduction, however, differ between the two sexes. Importantly, piezo sleep recording revealed sexual dimorphism in the effects of verapamil on sleep timing and bout duration, with more pronounced adverse effects in female mice. We also found altered circadian clock gene expression in the cerebellum, hypothalamus, and trigeminal ganglion of verapamil-treated mice. Verapamil did not affect reporter rhythms in ex vivo suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) slices from Per2:Luc reporter mice, perhaps due to the exceptionally tight coupling in the SCN. Thus, verapamil affects both peripheral (trigeminal ganglion) and central (hypothalamus and cerebellum) nervous system structures involved in cluster headache pathophysiology, possibly with network effects instead of isolated SCN effects. These studies suggest that verapamil is a circadian modulator in laboratory models at both molecular and behavioral levels, and sex is an important biological variable for cluster headache medications. These observations highlight the circadian system as a potential convergent target for cluster headache medications with different primary mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Burish
- Department of Neurosurgery and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Chorong Han
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Kazuaki Mawatari
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Japan
| | - Marvin Wirianto
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Eunju Kim
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Kaori Ono
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Randika Parakramaweera
- Department of Neurosurgery and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Zheng Chen
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Seung-Hee Yoo
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
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Waung MW, Taylor A, Qualmann KJ, Burish MJ. Family History of Cluster Headache: A Systematic Review. JAMA Neurol 2021; 77:887-896. [PMID: 32310255 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.0682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Importance Genetic and environmental factors are thought to contribute to cluster headache, and cluster headache can affect multiple members of a family. A thorough understanding of its inheritance is critical to understanding the pathogenesis of this debilitating disease. Objective To systematically review family history rates and inheritance patterns of cluster headache. Evidence Review A systematic review was performed in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Search criteria were created by a librarian. Articles published between 1985 and 2016, after the publication date of a large review in 1985, were analyzed independently by 2 neurologists to identify family history rates and pedigrees. Pedigrees were analyzed by a genetic counselor. Findings A total of 1995 studies were found (1988 through the search criteria and 7 through other means). Forty articles met inclusion criteria: 22 large cohort studies, 1 twin-based study, and 17 case reports or small case series. Across the 22 large cohort studies, the positive family history rate of cluster headache varied between 0% and 22%, with a median of 8.2%. The largest 5 studies, of 1134, 785, 693, 609, and 500 probands each, had a positive family history in 18.0% (numerator not provided), 5.1% (40 of 785 cases), 10.0% (numerator not provided), 2.0% (12 of 609 cases), and 11.2% (56 of 500 cases), respectively. No meta-analysis was performed, given differences in methodologies. Separately, 1 twin-based study examined 37 twin pairs and reported a concordance rate of 5.4% (2 pairs). Finally, 67 pedigrees were identified. Most pedigrees (46 of 67 [69%]) were consistent with an autosomal dominant pattern, but 19 of 67 (28%) were consistent with an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern; 10 pedigrees of probable or atypical cluster headache were identified, and all were consistent with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. The sex ratio for cluster headache in identified pedigrees was 1.39 (103:74) in affected men and boys compared with affected women and girls, which is lower than that of the general cluster headache population. Conclusions and Relevance Cluster headache is an inherited disorder in a subset of families and is associated with multiple hereditary patterns. There is an unexpectedly high preponderance of women and girls with familial cluster headache; genetic subanalyses limited to female participants are necessary to further explore this observation, because these data are otherwise masked by the higher numbers of male participants with cluster headache. Overall, this systematic review supports the notion that familial cluster headache is likely the result of multiple susceptibility genes as well as environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie W Waung
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Amy Taylor
- Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Krista J Qualmann
- McGovern Medical School, Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston
| | - Mark J Burish
- McGovern Medical School, Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston
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14
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Joshi S. Peptides, MAbs, Molecules, Mechanisms, and More: Taking a Stab at Cluster Headache. Headache 2020; 60:1871-1877. [DOI: 10.1111/head.13909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shivang Joshi
- Dent Neurologic Institute Amherst NY USA
- University of Buffalo School of Pharmacy Buffalo NY USA
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15
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Steardo L, Manchia M, Carpiniello B, Pisanu C, Steardo L, Squassina A. Clinical, genetic, and brain imaging predictors of risk for bipolar disorder in high-risk individuals. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2020; 20:327-333. [PMID: 32054361 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1727743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Early detection and intervention in bipolar disorder (BD) might reduce illness severity, slow its progression, and, in specific cases, even ward off the full-blown disorder. Therefore, identifying at-risk individuals and targeting them promptly before the illness onset is of the utmost importance. In the last decades, there has been a significant effort aimed at identifying genetic and molecular factors able to modulate risk and pharmacological outcomes.Areas covered: We performed a narrative review of articles aimed at identifying clinical, genetics, molecular, and brain imaging markers of BD specifically focusing on samples of individuals at high-risk for BD. Special emphasis was put on studies applying an integrative design, e.g. studies combining different markers such as genetic and brain imaging.Expert opinion: Findings from studies in risk individuals are still too sparse to allow drawing definite conclusions. However, the high potentiality of longitudinal studies in individuals considered at risk to develop BD supports the need for more efforts. Future investigations should focus on more homogeneous subpopulations and evaluate the cross-linking between clinical, genetic, and brain morphostructural/functional neuroimaging characteristics as predictors of risk for BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Steardo
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mirko Manchia
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Bernardo Carpiniello
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Claudia Pisanu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luca Steardo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Squassina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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16
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Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) and Cluster Headache. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10010030. [PMID: 31935868 PMCID: PMC7016902 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cluster headache (CH) is a severe primary headache with a prevalence of 1/1000 individuals, and a predominance in men. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a potent vasodilator, originating in trigeminal neurons and has a central role in CH pathophysiology. CGRP and the CGRP receptor complex have recently taken center stage as therapeutic targets for primary headaches, such as migraine. Multiple CGRP and CGRP receptor monoclonal antibodies, as well as small molecule antagonists (gepants) are on their way constituting a new frontier of migraine and possibly CH medication. During a CH attack, there is an activation of the trigeminal-autonomic reflex with the release of CGRP, and inversely if CGRP is administered to a CH patient in an active disease phase, it triggers an attack. Increased levels of CGRP have been found in ipsilateral jugular vein blood during the active phase of CH. This process is hypothesized to have a key role in the intense pain perception and in the associated distinctive vasodilation. So far, clinical tests of CGRP antibodies have been inconclusive in CH patients. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the role of CGRP in CH pathology, and as a target for future treatments.
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17
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Pisanu C, Merkouri Papadima E, Melis C, Congiu D, Loizedda A, Orrù N, Calza S, Orrù S, Carcassi C, Severino G, Ardau R, Chillotti C, Del Zompo M, Squassina A. Whole Genome Expression Analyses of miRNAs and mRNAs Suggest the Involvement of miR-320a and miR-155-3p and their Targeted Genes in Lithium Response in Bipolar Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20236040. [PMID: 31801218 PMCID: PMC6928759 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20236040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lithium is the mainstay in the maintenance of bipolar disorder (BD) and the most efficacious pharmacological treatment in suicide prevention. Nevertheless, its use is hampered by a high interindividual variability and important side effects. Genetic and epigenetic factors have been suggested to modulate lithium response, but findings so far have not allowed identifying molecular targets with predictive value. In this study we used next generation sequencing to measure genome-wide miRNA expression in lymphoblastoid cell lines from BD patients excellent responders (ER, n = 12) and non-responders (NR, n = 12) to lithium. These data were integrated with microarray genome-wide expression data to identify pairs of miRNA/mRNA inversely and significantly correlated. Significant pairs were prioritized based on strength of association and in-silico miRNA target prediction analyses to select candidates for validation with qRT-PCR. Thirty-one miRNAs were differentially expressed in ER vs. NR and inversely correlated with 418 genes differentially expressed between the two groups. A total of 331 of these correlations were also predicted by in-silico algorithms. miR-320a and miR-155-3p, as well as three of their targeted genes (CAPNS1 (Calpain Small Subunit 1) and RGS16 (Regulator of G Protein Signaling 16) for miR-320, SP4 (Sp4 Transcription Factor) for miR-155-3p) were validated. These miRNAs and mRNAs were previously implicated in psychiatric disorders (miR-320a and SP4), key processes of the central nervous system (CAPNS1, RGS16, SP4) or pathways involved in mental illnesses (miR-155-3p). Using an integrated approach, we identified miRNAs and their targeted genes potentially involved in lithium response in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pisanu
- Department of Biomedical Science, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (C.P.); (E.M.P.); (C.M.); (D.C.); (G.S.); (M.D.Z.)
| | - Eleni Merkouri Papadima
- Department of Biomedical Science, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (C.P.); (E.M.P.); (C.M.); (D.C.); (G.S.); (M.D.Z.)
| | - Carla Melis
- Department of Biomedical Science, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (C.P.); (E.M.P.); (C.M.); (D.C.); (G.S.); (M.D.Z.)
| | - Donatella Congiu
- Department of Biomedical Science, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (C.P.); (E.M.P.); (C.M.); (D.C.); (G.S.); (M.D.Z.)
| | - Annalisa Loizedda
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (C.N.R.), Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (I.R.G.B.), Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Nicola Orrù
- Medical Genetics, R. Binaghi Hospital, ASSL Cagliari, ATS Sardegna, 09021 Cagliari, Italy; (N.O.); (S.O.); (C.C.)
| | - Stefano Calza
- Unit of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy;
- Big & Open Data Innovation Laboratory, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Sandro Orrù
- Medical Genetics, R. Binaghi Hospital, ASSL Cagliari, ATS Sardegna, 09021 Cagliari, Italy; (N.O.); (S.O.); (C.C.)
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Carlo Carcassi
- Medical Genetics, R. Binaghi Hospital, ASSL Cagliari, ATS Sardegna, 09021 Cagliari, Italy; (N.O.); (S.O.); (C.C.)
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Severino
- Department of Biomedical Science, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (C.P.); (E.M.P.); (C.M.); (D.C.); (G.S.); (M.D.Z.)
| | - Raffaella Ardau
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology of the University Hospital of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (R.A.); (C.C.)
| | - Caterina Chillotti
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology of the University Hospital of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (R.A.); (C.C.)
| | - Maria Del Zompo
- Department of Biomedical Science, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (C.P.); (E.M.P.); (C.M.); (D.C.); (G.S.); (M.D.Z.)
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology of the University Hospital of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (R.A.); (C.C.)
| | - Alessio Squassina
- Department of Biomedical Science, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (C.P.); (E.M.P.); (C.M.); (D.C.); (G.S.); (M.D.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-070-675-4323
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18
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Michalska JM, Ran C, Fourier C, Steinberg A, Sjöstrand C, Waldenlind E, Belin AC. Involvement of CGRP receptor RAMP1 in cluster headache: A Swedish case-control study. CEPHALALGIA REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/2515816319879886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Increased levels of the potent vasodilator calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) have been found in ipsilateral jugular vein blood during the active phase of cluster headache (CH) and this is hypothesized to cause distinctive vasodilation. The receptor activity-modifying protein 1 (RAMP1) is part of the CGRP receptor complex responsible for ligand binding and specificity and therefore constitutes a promising candidate gene for CH. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible genetic association of RAMP1 with CH in Sweden, with focus on two RAMP1 single nucleotide polymorphisms, rs3754701 and rs7590387, and quantify RAMP1 mRNA expression levels in biological tissue from CH patients and controls. Methods: rs3754701 and rs7590387 were genotyped by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in 542 CH patients and 585 control subjects. RAMP1 mRNA expression was determined by reverse transcription qPCR in tissue from 12 CH patients and 12 controls. Results: We identified a significant difference between the CH patient and control groups for rs3754701 ( p = 0.0088). In addition, RAMP1 mRNA expression was enhanced in primary fibroblasts from CH patients compared to controls ( p = 0.0073). Conclusion: The association between rs3754701 and CH and the enhanced RAMP1 mRNA expression in CH patients support the hypothesis that CGRP and its receptor component RAMP1 are involved in CH pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Michalska
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Ran
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carmen Fourier
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Steinberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christina Sjöstrand
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Waldenlind
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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19
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Burish MJ, Chen Z, Yoo SH. Cluster Headache Is in Part a Disorder of the Circadian System. JAMA Neurol 2019; 75:783-784. [PMID: 29800013 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.1049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Burish
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Seung-Hee Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
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20
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Kittel-Schneider S, Hilscher M, Scholz CJ, Weber H, Grünewald L, Schwarz R, Chiocchetti AG, Reif A. Lithium-induced gene expression alterations in two peripheral cell models of bipolar disorder. World J Biol Psychiatry 2019; 20:462-475. [PMID: 29067888 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2017.1396357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of our study was to investigate molecular mechanisms of lithium action by studying the gene expression profile of peripheral cell models generated from bipolar patients (BD) and healthy controls (HC). Methods: EBV-immortalised lymphoblastoid cells (LCLs) and fibroblast cells from BD and HC were incubated with either lithium chloride or plain medium for 3 weeks. We first conducted a microarray gene expression study. The most promising differentially regulated genes in terms of lithium-associated or disorder-associated pathways were then replicated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Results: The pooled microarray analysis showed 459 genes to be differentially regulated in BD compared to HC and 58 due to lithium treatment in LCLs, and 295 genes to be differentially regulated in BD compared to HC and five due to lithium treatment in fibroblasts. After correction for multiple comparison, EPHB1 disorder × treatment interactions remained significant in LCLs validated by qRT-PCR. In the control group, lithium influenced the expression of ANP32E, PLEKHA2, KCNK1, PRKCH, ST3GAL6 and AIF1. In bipolar and control fibroblast cells lithium treatment decreased FGF9 expression. Conclusions: The differentially regulated genes in our study add evidence for the relevance of inflammation, neuronal/glial development, phosphatidylinositol second-messenger pathway and ion channels in the mode of action of lithium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kittel-Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Frankfurt , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Max Hilscher
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Claus-Jürgen Scholz
- Microarray Core Unit, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University of Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany.,LIMES, Life and Medical Science Institute, University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - Heike Weber
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Frankfurt , Frankfurt , Germany.,Microarray Core Unit, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University of Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany
| | - Lena Grünewald
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Frankfurt , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Ricarda Schwarz
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Andreas G Chiocchetti
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Autism Research Centre of Excellence Frankfurt, University Hospital of Frankfurt , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Frankfurt , Frankfurt , Germany
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21
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Cluster headache is the most severe primary headache disorder. A genetic basis has long been suggested by family and twin studies; however, little is understood about the genetic variants that contribute to cluster headache susceptibility. METHODS We conducted a literature search of the MEDLINE database using the PubMed search engine to identify all human genetic studies for cluster headache. In this article we provide a review of those genetic studies, along with an overview of the pathophysiology of cluster headache and a brief review of migraine genetics, which have both been significant drivers of cluster headache candidate gene selection. RESULTS The investigation of cluster headache genetic etiology has been dominated by candidate gene studies. Candidate selection has largely been driven by the pathophysiology, such as the striking rhythmic nature of the attacks, which spurred close examination of the circadian rhythm genes CLOCK and HCRTR2. More recently, unbiased genetic approaches such as genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have yielded new genetic avenues of interest including ADCYAP1R1 and MME. CONCLUSIONS The majority of candidate genes studied for cluster headache suffer from poor reproducibility. Broader genetic interrogation through larger unbiased GWAS, exome, and whole genome studies may provide more robust candidates, and in turn provide a clearer understanding of the causes of cluster headache.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nunu Lund
- 2 Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rigmor Jensen
- 2 Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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22
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Burish MJ, Chen Z, Yoo SH. Emerging relevance of circadian rhythms in headaches and neuropathic pain. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 225:e13161. [PMID: 29969187 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms of physiology are the keys to health and fitness, as dysregulation, by genetic mutations or environmental factors, increases disease risk and aggravates progression. Molecular and physiological studies have shed important light on an intrinsic clock that drives circadian rhythms and serves essential roles in metabolic homoeostasis, organ physiology and brain functions. One exciting new area in circadian research is pain, including headache and neuropathic pain for which new mechanistic insights have recently emerged. For example, cluster headache is an intermittent pain disorder with an exceedingly precise circadian timing, and preliminary evidence is emerging linking several circadian components (eg, Clock and Nr1d1) with the disease. In this review, we first discuss the broad metabolic and physiological relevance of the circadian timing system. We then provide a detailed review of the circadian relevance in pain disease and physiology, including cluster headache, migraine, hypnic headache and neuropathic pain. Finally, we describe potential therapeutic implications, including existing pain medicines and novel clock-modulating compounds. The physiological basis for the circadian rhythms in pain is an exciting new area of research with profound basic and translational impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J. Burish
- Department of Neurosurgery; University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Houston Texas
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Houston Texas
| | - Seung-Hee Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Houston Texas
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23
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Geoffroy PA, Curis E, Courtin C, Moreira J, Morvillers T, Etain B, Laplanche JL, Bellivier F, Marie-Claire C. Lithium response in bipolar disorders and core clock genes expression. World J Biol Psychiatry 2018; 19:619-632. [PMID: 28095742 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2017.1282174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examine whether the lithium response is associated with changes in the expression of core clock genes. METHODS The effect of a therapeutic concentration of lithium (1 mM) on the expression levels of 17 circadian genes was examined in lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) derived from two well-characterized groups of bipolar disorder patients, defined as lithium non-responders (NR, n = 20) or excellent responders (ER, n = 16). Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was conducted at 2, 4 and 8 days (d2, d4 and d8) with and without lithium exposure. RESULTS At d2, in ER only, BHLHE41, RORA, PER1, ARNTL, CRY2, BHLHE40 and CSNK1D were upregulated, whereas NR1D1 was downregulated. At d4, in ER only, CRY1 was downregulated. At d8, in NR only, GSK3β was upregulated and DBP, TIMELESS and CRY1 were downregulated. Significant Group × Lithium interactions existed for NR1D1 at d2 (P = 0.02), and CRY1 at d4 (P = 0.02). Longitudinal analyses showed differential temporal evolutions between NR and ER (significant Time × Group interaction) for PER3, NR1D1, DBP, RORA, CSNK1D and TIMELESS; and a significant Time × Lithium interaction for NR1D1. Coexpression data analyses suggested distinct groups of circadian genes concurrently modulated by lithium. CONCLUSIONS In LCLs, lithium influences expression of circadian genes with differences in amplitude and kinetics according to the patient's lithium response status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre A Geoffroy
- a Inserm U1144 , Paris , France.,b Université Paris Diderot , Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144 , Paris , France.,c AP-HP, GH Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-F. Widal , Pôle de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique , Paris , France.,d Fondation FondaMental , Créteil , France
| | - Emmanuel Curis
- a Inserm U1144 , Paris , France.,e Université Paris Descartes , UMR-S 1144 , Paris , France.,f Laboratoire de biomathématiques, Faculté de pharmacie de Paris Université Paris Descartes , Paris , France.,g Département de biostatistiques et d'informatique médicales , Hôpital Saint-Louis, APHP , Paris , France
| | - Cindie Courtin
- a Inserm U1144 , Paris , France.,e Université Paris Descartes , UMR-S 1144 , Paris , France
| | - Jeverson Moreira
- a Inserm U1144 , Paris , France.,e Université Paris Descartes , UMR-S 1144 , Paris , France
| | | | - Bruno Etain
- a Inserm U1144 , Paris , France.,b Université Paris Diderot , Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144 , Paris , France.,c AP-HP, GH Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-F. Widal , Pôle de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique , Paris , France.,d Fondation FondaMental , Créteil , France
| | - Jean-Louis Laplanche
- a Inserm U1144 , Paris , France.,b Université Paris Diderot , Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144 , Paris , France.,e Université Paris Descartes , UMR-S 1144 , Paris , France
| | - Frank Bellivier
- a Inserm U1144 , Paris , France.,b Université Paris Diderot , Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144 , Paris , France.,c AP-HP, GH Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-F. Widal , Pôle de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique , Paris , France.,d Fondation FondaMental , Créteil , France
| | - Cynthia Marie-Claire
- a Inserm U1144 , Paris , France.,b Université Paris Diderot , Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144 , Paris , France.,e Université Paris Descartes , UMR-S 1144 , Paris , France
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24
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Vollesen AL, Benemei S, Cortese F, Labastida-Ramírez A, Marchese F, Pellesi L, Romoli M, Ashina M, Lampl C. Migraine and cluster headache - the common link. J Headache Pain 2018; 19:89. [PMID: 30242519 PMCID: PMC6755613 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-018-0909-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although clinically distinguishable, migraine and cluster headache share prominent features such as unilateral pain, common pharmacological triggers such glyceryl trinitrate, histamine, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and response to triptans and neuromodulation. Recent data also suggest efficacy of anti CGRP monoclonal antibodies in both migraine and cluster headache. While exact mechanisms behind both disorders remain to be fully understood, the trigeminovascular system represents one possible common pathophysiological pathway and network of both disorders. Here, we review past and current literature shedding light on similarities and differences in phenotype, heritability, pathophysiology, imaging findings and treatment options of migraine and cluster headache. A continued focus on their shared pathophysiological pathways may be important in paving future treatment avenues that could benefit both migraine and cluster headache patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Luise Vollesen
- Danish Headache Center and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Silvia Benemei
- Health Sciences Department, University of Florence and Headache Centre, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Cortese
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza, University of Rome, Polo Pontino, Latina, Italy
| | - Alejandro Labastida-Ramírez
- Dep Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Pharmacology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lanfranco Pellesi
- Medical Toxicology, Headache and Drug Abuse Center, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Michele Romoli
- Neurology Clinic, University of Perugia - S.M. Misericordiae Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Messoud Ashina
- Danish Headache Center and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Lampl
- Department of Neurogeriatric Medicine, Headache Medical Center Linz, Ordensklinikum Linz Barmherzige Schwestern, Seilerstaette 4, 4010 Linz, Austria
| | - on behalf of the School of Advanced Studies of the European Headache Federation (EHF-SAS)
- Danish Headache Center and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Health Sciences Department, University of Florence and Headache Centre, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza, University of Rome, Polo Pontino, Latina, Italy
- Dep Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Pharmacology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Child Neuropsichiatry Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Medical Toxicology, Headache and Drug Abuse Center, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Neurology Clinic, University of Perugia - S.M. Misericordiae Hospital, Perugia, Italy
- Department of Neurogeriatric Medicine, Headache Medical Center Linz, Ordensklinikum Linz Barmherzige Schwestern, Seilerstaette 4, 4010 Linz, Austria
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25
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Population-Based Analysis of Cluster Headache-Associated Genetic Polymorphisms. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 65:367-376. [PMID: 29959630 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1103-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Cluster headache is a disorder with increased hereditary risk. Associations between cluster headache and polymorphism rs2653349 of the HCRTR2 gene have been demonstrated. The less common allele (A) seems to reduce disease susceptibility. The polymorphism rs5443 of the GNB3 gene positively influences triptan treatment response. Carriers of the mutated T allele are more likely to respond positively compared to C:C homozygotes, when treated with triptans. DNA was extracted from buccal swabs obtained from 636 non-related Southeastern European Caucasian individuals and was analyzed by real-time PCR. Gene distribution for the rs2653349 was G:G = 79.1%, G:A = 19.2%, and A:A = 1.7%. The frequency of the wild-type G allele was 88.7%. The frequencies for rs5443 were C:C = 44.0%, C:T = 42.6%, and T:T = 13.4%. The frequency of the wild-type C allele was 65.3%. The frequency distribution of rs2653349 in the Southeastern European Caucasian population differs significantly when compared with other European and East Asian populations, and the frequency distribution of rs5443 showed a statistically significant difference between Southeastern European Caucasian and African, South Asian, and East Asian populations. For rs2653349, a marginal statistically significant difference between genders was found (p = 0.080) for A:A versus G:G and G:A genotypes (OR = 2.78), indicating a higher representation of male homozygotes for the protective mutant A:A allele than female. No statistically significant difference was observed between genders for rs5443. Cluster headache pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy response may be affected by genetic factors, indicating the significant role of genotyping in the overall treatment effectiveness of cluster headaches.
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26
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Pisanu C, Katsila T, Patrinos GP, Squassina A. Recent trends on the role of epigenomics, metabolomics and noncoding RNAs in rationalizing mood stabilizing treatment. Pharmacogenomics 2018; 19:129-143. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2017-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mood stabilizers are the cornerstone in treatment of mood disorders, but their use is characterized by high interindividual variability. This feature has stimulated intensive research to identify predictive biomarkers of response and disentangle the molecular bases of their clinical efficacy. Nevertheless, findings from studies conducted so far have only explained a small proportion of the observed variability, suggesting that factors other than DNA variants could be involved. A growing body of research has been focusing on the role of epigenetics and metabolomics in response to mood stabilizers, especially lithium salts. Studies from these approaches have provided new insights into the molecular networks and processes involved in the mechanism of action of mood stabilizers, promoting a systems-level multiomics synergy. In this article, we reviewed the literature investigating the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms, noncoding RNAs and metabolomic modifications in bipolar disorder and the mechanism of action and clinical efficacy of mood stabilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pisanu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Unit of Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Theodora Katsila
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Patras, Greece
| | - George P Patrinos
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Patras, Greece
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alessio Squassina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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27
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Hoffmann J, May A. Diagnosis, pathophysiology, and management of cluster headache. Lancet Neurol 2017; 17:75-83. [PMID: 29174963 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(17)30405-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cluster headache is a trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia characterised by extremely painful, strictly unilateral, short-lasting headache attacks accompanied by ipsilateral autonomic symptoms or the sense of restlessness and agitation, or both. The severity of the disorder has major effects on the patient's quality of life and, in some cases, might lead to suicidal ideation. Cluster headache is now thought to involve a synchronised abnormal activity in the hypothalamus, the trigeminovascular system, and the autonomic nervous system. The hypothalamus appears to play a fundamental role in the generation of a permissive state that allows the initiation of an episode, whereas the attacks are likely to require the involvement of the peripheral nervous system. Triptans are the most effective drugs to treat an acute cluster headache attack. Monoclonal antibodies against calcitonin gene-related peptide, a crucial neurotransmitter of the trigeminal system, are under investigation for the preventive treatment of cluster headache. These studies will increase our understanding of the disorder and perhaps reveal other therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hoffmann
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arne May
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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28
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Papadima EM, Niola P, Melis C, Pisanu C, Congiu D, Cruceanu C, Lopez JP, Turecki G, Ardau R, Severino G, Chillotti C, Del Zompo M, Squassina A. Evidence towards RNA Binding Motif (RNP1, RRM) Protein 3 (RBM3) as a Potential Biomarker of Lithium Response in Bipolar Disorder Patients. J Mol Neurosci 2017; 62:304-308. [PMID: 28616776 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-017-0938-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Lithium has been used for more than six decades for the management of bipolar disorder (BD). In a previous transcriptomic study, we showed that patients affected by either BD or cluster headache, both disorders characterized by circadian disturbances and response to lithium in a subgroup of patients, have higher expression of the RNA binding motif (RNP1, RRM) protein 3 (RBM3) gene compared to controls. To investigate whether RBM3 could represent a biomarker of lithium response, we screened raw microarray expression data from lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) derived from 20 BD patients, responders or non-responders to lithium. RBM3 was the most significantly differentially expressed gene in the list, being overexpressed in responders compared to non-responders (fold change = 2.0; p = 1.5 × 10-16). We therefore sought to validate the microarray finding by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and explore whether RBM3 expression was modulated by lithium treatment in vitro in LCLs as well as in human-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs). Our findings confirmed the higher expression of RBM3 in responders compared to non-responders (fold change = 3.78; p = 0.0002). Lithium did not change RBM3 expression in LCLs in any of the groups, but it increased its expression in NPCs. While preliminary, our data suggest that higher levels of RBM3 might be required for better lithium response and that the expression of this gene could be modulated by lithium in a tissue-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Merkouri Papadima
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cagliari, sp 6, 09042, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paola Niola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cagliari, sp 6, 09042, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Carla Melis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cagliari, sp 6, 09042, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Claudia Pisanu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cagliari, sp 6, 09042, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Donatella Congiu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cagliari, sp 6, 09042, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Cristiana Cruceanu
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Juan Pablo Lopez
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Raffaella Ardau
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology of the University Hospital of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Severino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cagliari, sp 6, 09042, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Caterina Chillotti
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology of the University Hospital of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Del Zompo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cagliari, sp 6, 09042, Cagliari, Italy.,Unit of Clinical Pharmacology of the University Hospital of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessio Squassina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cagliari, sp 6, 09042, Cagliari, Italy.
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29
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Identifying a gene expression signature of cluster headache in blood. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40218. [PMID: 28074859 PMCID: PMC5225606 DOI: 10.1038/srep40218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cluster headache is a relatively rare headache disorder, typically characterized by multiple daily, short-lasting attacks of excruciating, unilateral (peri-)orbital or temporal pain associated with autonomic symptoms and restlessness. To better understand the pathophysiology of cluster headache, we used RNA sequencing to identify differentially expressed genes and pathways in whole blood of patients with episodic (n = 19) or chronic (n = 20) cluster headache in comparison with headache-free controls (n = 20). Gene expression data were analysed by gene and by module of co-expressed genes with particular attention to previously implicated disease pathways including hypocretin dysregulation. Only moderate gene expression differences were identified and no associations were found with previously reported pathogenic mechanisms. At the level of functional gene sets, associations were observed for genes involved in several brain-related mechanisms such as GABA receptor function and voltage-gated channels. In addition, genes and modules of co-expressed genes showed a role for intracellular signalling cascades, mitochondria and inflammation. Although larger study samples may be required to identify the full range of involved pathways, these results indicate a role for mitochondria, intracellular signalling and inflammation in cluster headache.
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30
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Roux M, Dosseto A. From direct to indirect lithium targets: a comprehensive review of omics data. Metallomics 2017; 9:1326-1351. [DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00203c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metal ions are critical to a wide range of biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony Dosseto
- Wollongong Isotope Geochronology Laboratory
- School of Earth & Environmental Sciences
- University of Wollongong
- Wollongong
- Australia
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31
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Zhu X, Bührer C, Wellmann S. Cold-inducible proteins CIRP and RBM3, a unique couple with activities far beyond the cold. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:3839-59. [PMID: 27147467 PMCID: PMC5021741 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2253-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) and RNA-binding motif protein 3 (RBM3) are two evolutionarily conserved RNA-binding proteins that are transcriptionally upregulated in response to low temperature. Featuring an RNA-recognition motif (RRM) and an arginine-glycine-rich (RGG) domain, these proteins display many similarities and specific disparities in the regulation of numerous molecular and cellular events. The resistance to serum withdrawal, endoplasmic reticulum stress, or other harsh conditions conferred by RBM3 has led to its reputation as a survival gene. Once CIRP protein is released from cells, it appears to bolster inflammation, contributing to poor prognosis in septic patients. A variety of human tumor specimens have been analyzed for CIRP and RBM3 expression. Surprisingly, RBM3 expression was primarily found to be positively associated with the survival of chemotherapy-treated patients, while CIRP expression was inversely linked to patient survival. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the evolutionary conservation of CIRP and RBM3 across species as well as their molecular interactions, cellular functions, and roles in diverse physiological and pathological processes, including circadian rhythm, inflammation, neural plasticity, stem cell properties, and cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhou Zhu
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), Spitalstrasse 33, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Bührer
- Department of Neonatology, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Wellmann
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), Spitalstrasse 33, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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32
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Gelfand AA, Goadsby PJ. The Role of Melatonin in the Treatment of Primary Headache Disorders. Headache 2016; 56:1257-66. [PMID: 27316772 PMCID: PMC5012937 DOI: 10.1111/head.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide a summary of knowledge about the use of melatonin in the treatment of primary headache disorders. BACKGROUND Melatonin is secreted by the pineal gland; its production is regulated by the hypothalamus and increases during periods of darkness. METHODS We undertook a narrative review of the literature on the role of melatonin in the treatment of primary headache disorders. RESULTS There are randomized placebo-controlled trials examining melatonin for preventive treatment of migraine and cluster headache. For cluster headache, melatonin 10 mg was superior to placebo. For migraine, a randomized placebo-controlled trial of melatonin 3 mg (immediate release) was positive, though an underpowered trial of melatonin 2 mg (sustained release) was negative. Uncontrolled studies, case series, and case reports cover melatonin's role in treating tension-type headache, hypnic headache, hemicrania continua, SUNCT/SUNA and primary stabbing headache. CONCLUSIONS Melatonin may be effective in treating several primary headache disorders, particularly cluster headache and migraine. Future research should focus on elucidating the underlying mechanisms of benefit of melatonin in different headache disorders, as well as clarifying optimal dosing and formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy A. Gelfand
- UCSF Pediatric Headache, Department of Neurology, King’s College London, UK
| | - Peter J. Goadsby
- UCSF Pediatric Headache, Department of Neurology, King’s College London, UK
- NIHR-Wellcome Trust King’s Clinical Research Facility, King’s College London, UK
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