1
|
Bahar O, Eraslan G. Investigation of the efficacy of diosmin against organ damage caused by bendiocarb in male Wistar albino rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:55826-55845. [PMID: 36905537 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26105-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bendiocarb is a carbamate insecticide, which is used more in indoor areas, especially against scorpions, spiders, flies, mosquitoes and cockroaches. Diosmin is an antioxidant flavonoid found mostly in citrus fruits. In this study, the efficacy of diosmin against the adverse effects of bendiocarb was investigated in rats. For this purpose, 60, 2-3 month-old male Wistar albino rats, weighing 150-200 g, were used. The animals were assigned to six groups, one of which was maintained for control purposes and five of which were trial groups. The control rats received only corn oil, which was used as a vehicle for diosmin administration in the trial groups. Groups 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 were administered with 10 mg/kg.bw bendiocarb, 10 mg/kg.bw diosmin, 20 mg/kg.bw diosmin, 2 mg/kg.bw bendiocarb plus 10 mg/kg.bw diosmin, and 2 mg/kg.bw bendiocarb plus 20 mg/kg.bw diosmin, respectively, using an oral catheter, for 28 days. At the end of the study period, blood and organ (liver, kidneys, brain, testes, heart and lungs) samples were collected. Body weight and organ weights were determined. Compared to the control group, in the group given bendiocarb alone, firstly, body weight and liver, lung and testicular weights decreased. Secondly, tissue/plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels increased, and glutathione (GSH) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) (except for lung tissue), glutathione reductase (GR), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activities decreased in all tissues and erythrocytes. Thirdly, catalase (CAT) activity decreased in erythrocytes and the kidney, brain, heart and lung tissues and increased in the liver and testes. Fourthly, while GST activity decreased in the kidneys, testes, lung and erythrocytes, an increase was observed in the liver and heart tissues. Fifthly, while serum triglyceride levels and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and pseudo-cholinesterase (PchE) activities decreased, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine and uric acid levels increased. Lastly, liver caspase 3, caspase 9 and p53 expression levels significantly increased. When compared to the control group, the groups treated with diosmin alone showed no significant difference for the parameters investigated. On the other hand, it was observed that the values of the groups treated with a combination of bendiocarb and diosmin were closer to the values of the control group. In conclusion, while exposure to bendiocarb at a dose of 2 mg/kg.bw for 28 days caused oxidative stress/organ damage, diosmin administration at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg.bw reduced this damage. This demonstrated that diosmin has pharmaceutical benefits, when used for supportive treatment as well as radical treatment, against the potential adverse effects of bendiocarb.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Bahar
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Health Science, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Eraslan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pirimicarb Induction of Behavioral Disorders and of Neurological and Reproductive Toxicities in Male Rats: Euphoric and Preventive Effects of Ephedra alata Monjauzeana. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16030402. [PMID: 36986501 PMCID: PMC10051897 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbamate pesticides are a risk to human well-being, and pirimicarb is the most widely employed carbamate insecticide. This ongoing investigation aimed to reveal its toxicity on neurobehavioral and reproductive function. The study was carried out on male Wistar rats by assessment of behavioral changes via experiments, such as the forced swim test and the elevated plus maze; determination of oxidative stress (checking parameters such as catalase activity, etc.); measurement of cortisol and testosterone serum titers, and IL-1β levels in the plasma and brain; and evaluation of histopathological lesions that induced pirimicarb after 28 days of gavage, specifically in the brain and testis. Traces of pirimicarb were analyzed in tissue extracts using LCMS/MS. At the same time, the beneficial and protective effect of EamCE (Ephedra alata monjauzeana Crude Extract) were tested. The outcomes showed considerable anxiety and depressive status, with an evident increase in cortisol and IL-1β titers and an important decrease in oxidative enzymes and testosterone. Significant histological lesions were also recorded. In addition, the LCMS/MS analysis affirmed the accumulation of pirimicarb in organ tissue from rats force-fed with pirimicarb. Conversely, EamCE demonstrated outstanding potential as a preventive treatment, restoring cognitive and physical performance, boosting fertility, enhancing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and preserving tissue integrity. We concluded that pirimicarb has critical deleterious impacts on health, affecting the neuroimmune-endocrine axis, and EamCE has a general euphoric and preventive effect.
Collapse
|
3
|
Hossain M, Suchi TT, Samiha F, Islam MM, Tully FA, Hasan J, Rahman MA, Shill MC, Bepari AK, Rahman GS, Reza HM. Coenzyme Q10 ameliorates carbofuran induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in wister rats. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13727. [PMID: 36865458 PMCID: PMC9971173 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbofuran is a widely used poisonous pesticide around the world that helps to control insects during farming. Upon oral ingestion to humans, it exaggerates oxidative stress in various organs like the liver, brain, kidney, and heart. Several studies reported that oxidative stress in the liver initiates and propagates hepatic cell necrosis, ultimately resulting in hepatotoxicity. It also reported that coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) can neutralize oxidative stress due to its antioxidant properties. However, the hepatoprotective and nephroprotective role of CoQ10 against carbofuran toxicity has not been investigated. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective and nephroprotective role of CoQ10 in carbofuran-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in a mouse model for the first time. We determined the blood serum diagnostic markers, oxidative stress parameters, antioxidant system, and histopathological characteristics of liver and kidney tissues. The administration of 100 mg/kg of CoQ10 in carbofuran-treated rats significantly attenuated AST, ALT, ALP, serum creatinine, and BUN levels. Moreover, CoQ10 (100 mg/kg) remarkably altered the level of NO, MDA, AOPP, GSH, SOD, and CAT in both the liver and kidney. The histopathological data also unveiled that CoQ10 treatment prevented inflammatory cell infiltration in carbofuran-exposed rats. Therefore, our findings infer that CoQ10 may effectively protect liver and kidney tissues against carbofuran-induced oxidative hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murad Hossain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health & Life Sciences, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh,Corresponding author.
| | - Tamanna Tanjim Suchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health & Life Sciences, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Farzana Samiha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health & Life Sciences, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - M.M. Monirul Islam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health & Life Sciences, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Fahima Abdullah Tully
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health & Life Sciences, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Javed Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health & Life Sciences, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ashrafur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health & Life Sciences, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wilkes university, Pennsylvania, USA, 18766
| | - Manik Chandra Shill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health & Life Sciences, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Asim Kumar Bepari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health & Life Sciences, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - G.M. Sayedur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health & Life Sciences, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Hasan Mahmud Reza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health & Life Sciences, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh,Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kempuraj D, Mohan RR. Autophagy in Extracellular Matrix and Wound Healing Modulation in the Cornea. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020339. [PMID: 35203548 PMCID: PMC8961790 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a robust cellular mechanism for disposing of harmful molecules or recycling them to cells, which also regulates physiopathological processes in cornea. Dysregulated autophagy causes inefficient clearance of unwanted proteins and cellular debris, mitochondrial disorganization, defective inflammation, organ dysfunctions, cell death, and diseases. The cornea accounts for two-thirds of the refraction of light that occurs in the eyes, but is prone to trauma/injury and infection. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a noncellular dynamic macromolecular network in corneal tissues comprised of collagens, proteoglycans, elastin, fibronectin, laminins, hyaluronan, and glycoproteins. The ECM undergoes remodeling by matrix-degrading enzymes and maintains corneal transparency. Autophagy plays an important role in the ECM and wound healing maintenance. Delayed/dysregulated autophagy impacts the ECM and wound healing, and can lead to corneal dysfunction. Stromal wound healing involves responses from the corneal epithelium, basement membrane, keratocytes, the ECM, and many cytokines and chemokines, including transforming growth factor beta-1 and platelet-derived growth factor. Mild corneal injuries self-repair, but greater injuries lead to corneal haze/scars/fibrosis and vision loss due to disruptions in the ECM, autophagy, and normal wound healing processes. Presently, the precise role of autophagy and ECM remodeling in corneal wound healing is elusive. This review discusses recent trends in autophagy and ECM modulation in the context of corneal wound healing and homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duraisamy Kempuraj
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
- One-Health Vision Research Program, Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Rajiv R. Mohan
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
- One-Health Vision Research Program, Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Khoje ZB, kumarVootla S, David M. Brain DNA damage analysis in pesticide exposed wistar albino rats (Rattus norvegicus): a chemometric approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 41:2211-2220. [PMID: 35067187 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2029566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Brain the most important organ which controls most of the regulations in the body is composed of neurons and glia. As brain has a high metabolic rate and reduced cell renewal capability, the lipids, proteins and nucleic acids become the major targets of damage. In the present study carbofuran (CF) induced brain DNA damage in male wistar albino rats at sub-lethal doses (Control-A; B-1.0, C-0.5 and D-0.3 mg/kg BW) while the groups B1,C1, D1, B2, C2, D2 and B3, C3, D3 represents the exposure duration 30, 60 and 90 days each respectively. FTIR spectroscopy based chemometric analysis of functional groups in nucleic acids are reported, changes in band area and band frequencies were examined to understand the DNA damage by constructing heat map. Significant changes were observed in the band frequency, band areas, bandwidth and intensity values (p < 0.05, 0.01, 0.001). The principal component analysis was analyzed to study the alterations at the molecular level, which revealed maximum variance of 74% in groups A, B1, C1, D1 and C2 and 13.7% variance in B2, D2, B3, C3 and D3. The present study provides significant details to analyse DNA damage using non-conventional approach and can also be used for detecting DNA damage in several neural diseases and disorders and emphasizes on using FTIR spectral data through chemometric approach to analyse the DNA damage.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zabin Begum Khoje
- Department of Studies in Zoology, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Shyam kumarVootla
- Department of Studies in Microbiology and Biotechnology, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Muniswamy David
- Department of Studies in Zoology, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Saputra F, Uapipatanakul B, Lee JS, Hung SM, Huang JC, Pang YC, Muñoz JER, Macabeo APG, Chen KHC, Hsiao CD. Co-Treatment of Copper Oxide Nanoparticle and Carbofuran Enhances Cardiotoxicity in Zebrafish Embryos. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158259. [PMID: 34361024 PMCID: PMC8435221 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of chemicals to boost food production increases as human consumption also increases. The insectidal, nematicidal and acaricidal chemical carbofuran (CAF), is among the highly toxic carbamate pesticide used today. Alongside, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO) are also used as pesticides due to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. The overuse of these pesticides may lead to leaching into the aquatic environments and could potentially cause adverse effects to aquatic animals. The aim of this study is to assess the effects of carbofuran and copper oxide nanoparticles into the cardiovascular system of zebrafish and unveil the mechanism behind them. We found that a combination of copper oxide nanoparticle and carbofuran increases cardiac edema in zebrafish larvae and disturbs cardiac rhythm of zebrafish. Furthermore, molecular docking data show that carbofuran inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in silico, thus leading to impair cardiac rhythms. Overall, our data suggest that copper oxide nanoparticle and carbofuran combinations work synergistically to enhance toxicity on the cardiovascular performance of zebrafish larvae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ferry Saputra
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan;
| | - Boontida Uapipatanakul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology, Thanyaburi 12110, Thailand;
| | - Jiann-Shing Lee
- Department of Applied Physics, National Pingtung University, Pingtung 900391, Taiwan; (J.-S.L.); (S.-M.H.)
| | - Shih-Min Hung
- Department of Applied Physics, National Pingtung University, Pingtung 900391, Taiwan; (J.-S.L.); (S.-M.H.)
| | - Jong-Chin Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Pingtung University, Pingtung 900391, Taiwan; (J.-C.H.); (Y.-C.P.)
| | - Yun-Chieh Pang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Pingtung University, Pingtung 900391, Taiwan; (J.-C.H.); (Y.-C.P.)
| | - John Emmanuel R. Muñoz
- Laboratory for Organic Reactivity, Discovery and Synthesis (LORDS), Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines;
| | - Allan Patrick G. Macabeo
- Laboratory for Organic Reactivity, Discovery and Synthesis (LORDS), Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines;
- Correspondence: (A.P.G.M.); (K.H.-C.C.); (C.-D.H.)
| | - Kelvin H.-C. Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Pingtung University, Pingtung 900391, Taiwan; (J.-C.H.); (Y.-C.P.)
- Correspondence: (A.P.G.M.); (K.H.-C.C.); (C.-D.H.)
| | - Chung-Der Hsiao
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan;
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan
- Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan
- Research Center for Aquatic Toxicology and Pharmacology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (A.P.G.M.); (K.H.-C.C.); (C.-D.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Khan A, Zaman T, Fahad TM, Akther T, Hasan MF, Naz T, Kishi S. Carbofuran affects cellular autophagy and developmental senescence through the impairment of Nrf2 signalling. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 26:35-47. [PMID: 34240810 PMCID: PMC8742233 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbofuran is a broad-spectrum synthetic pesticide. Its exposure to non-target mammals affects the biological system through the induction of oxidative stress. Since oxidative stress is a major contributing factor to cellular autophagy and senescence, our present investigation determined the impacts of carbofuran-induced oxidative stress on cellular autophagy and senescence. A transmembrane protein, Spinster homolog 1 (Spns1), is involved in autophagic lysosomal metabolism. Its mutation accelerates the cellular senescence and shortens the lifespan. Using a transgenic zebrafish line, expressing fluorescent microtubules-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (EGFP-LC3) at the membrane of the autophagosome, we found that carbofuran affects autophagic lysosomal biogenesis in wild-type zebrafish and exacerbates autophagic defect in spns1-mutant zebrafish. In real-time mortality study, carbofuran has shortened the lifespan of wild-type fish. Nrf2 is a stress-responsive transcription factor that regulates the expression of antioxidant genes (such as gstp1) in the prevention of oxidative stress-mediated cellular damage. To assess the effect of carbofuran on Nrf2 signalling, we established a dual-monitoring transgenic zebrafish line, expressing gstp1 promoter-driven EGFP and mCherry-tagged Neh2 domain of Nrf2. Our results suggested that the exposure of carbofuran has down-regulated both Nrf2 and Gstp1 expressions. Overall, carbofuran affects cellular autophagy and accelerates senescence by enervating the Nrf2 signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alam Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.,Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Tanjeena Zaman
- Department of Fisheries, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.,Department of Biology, University of Hail, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Tanjima Akther
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md Faruk Hasan
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Tarannum Naz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Shuji Kishi
- S&J Kishi Research Corporation, Jupiter, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Malhotra H, Kaur S, Phale PS. Conserved Metabolic and Evolutionary Themes in Microbial Degradation of Carbamate Pesticides. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:648868. [PMID: 34305823 PMCID: PMC8292978 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.648868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbamate pesticides are widely used as insecticides, nematicides, acaricides, herbicides and fungicides in the agriculture, food and public health sector. However, only a minor fraction of the applied quantity reaches the target organisms. The majority of it persists in the environment, impacting the non-target biota, leading to ecological disturbance. The toxicity of these compounds to biota is mediated through cholinergic and non-cholinergic routes, thereby making their clean-up cardinal. Microbes, specifically bacteria, have adapted to the presence of these compounds by evolving degradation pathways and thus play a major role in their removal from the biosphere. Over the past few decades, various genetic, metabolic and biochemical analyses exploring carbamate degradation in bacteria have revealed certain conserved themes in metabolic pathways like the enzymatic hydrolysis of the carbamate ester or amide linkage, funnelling of aryl carbamates into respective dihydroxy aromatic intermediates, C1 metabolism and nitrogen assimilation. Further, genomic and functional analyses have provided insights on mechanisms like horizontal gene transfer and enzyme promiscuity, which drive the evolution of degradation phenotype. Compartmentalisation of metabolic pathway enzymes serves as an additional strategy that further aids in optimising the degradation efficiency. This review highlights and discusses the conclusions drawn from various analyses over the past few decades; and provides a comprehensive view of the environmental fate, toxicity, metabolic routes, related genes and enzymes as well as evolutionary mechanisms associated with the degradation of widely employed carbamate pesticides. Additionally, various strategies like application of consortia for efficient degradation, metabolic engineering and adaptive laboratory evolution, which aid in improvising remediation efficiency and overcoming the challenges associated with in situ bioremediation are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harshit Malhotra
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Sukhjeet Kaur
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Prashant S Phale
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Mumbai, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Khan A, Fahad TM, Akther T, Zaman T, Hasan MF, Islam Khan MR, Islam MS, Kishi S. Carbofuran accelerates the cellular senescence and declines the life span of spns1 mutant zebrafish. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 25:1048-1059. [PMID: 33277797 PMCID: PMC7812278 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbofuran is a carbamate pesticide, widely used in agricultural practices to increase crop productivity. In mammals, carbofuran is known to cause several untoward effects, such as apoptosis in the hippocampal neuron, oxidative stress, loss of memory and chromosomal anomalies. Most of these effects are implicated with cellular senescence. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effect of carbofuran on cellular senescence and biological ageing. Spinster homolog 1 (Spns1) is a transmembrane transporter, regulates autolysosomal biogenesis and plays a role in cellular senescence and survival. Using senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase staining, we found that carbofuran accelerates the cellular senescence in spns1 mutant zebrafish. The yolk opaqueness, a premature ageing phenotype in zebrafish embryos, was accelerated by carbofuran treatment. In the survival study, carbofuran shortened the life span of spns1 mutant zebrafish. Autophagy is the cellular lysosomal degradation, usually up‐regulated in the senescent cells. To know the impact of carbofuran exposure on autophagy progress, we established a double‐transgenic zebrafish line, harbouring EGFP‐tagged LC3‐II and mCherry‐tagged Lamp1 on spns1 mutant background, whereas we found, carbofuran exposure synergistically accelerates autolysosome formation with insufficient lysosome‐mediated degradation. Our data collectively suggest that carbofuran exposure synergistically accelerates the cellular senescence and affects biological ageing in spns1 defective animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alam Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.,Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | | | - Tanjima Akther
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Tanjeena Zaman
- Department of Fisheries, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.,Department of Biology, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Faruk Hasan
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Shuji Kishi
- S&J Kishi Research Corporation, Jupiter, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Salazar-Flores J, Pacheco-Moisés FP, Ortiz GG, Torres-Jasso JH, Romero-Rentería O, Briones-Torres AL, Torres-Sánchez ED. Occupational exposure to organophosphorus and carbamates in farmers in La Cienega, Jalisco, Mexico: oxidative stress and membrane fluidity markers. J Occup Med Toxicol 2020; 15:32. [PMID: 33133223 PMCID: PMC7594453 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-020-00283-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The region of La Cienega in Jalisco Mexico, is an important agricultural reference for the production of corn, sorghum and wheat, among other grains, so the use of pesticides for pest control is high. However, in this rural area there are no toxicological studies that assess the occupational risk of pesticide use. Therefore, this study is the first to determine the oxidative stress levels markers (GSH, GSSG, carbonyl groups, nitric oxide metabolites and lipid peroxides) as well as alteration of the mitochondrial membrane fluidity caused by occupational exposure to organophosphorus and carbamates in farmers of this region. This occupational risk can increase cellular oxidation, which explains the high prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases and cancer in Cienega settlers to be analyzed in future studies. Methods Comparative cross-sectional study was performed using two groups: one not exposed group (n = 93) and another one with occupational exposure (n = 113). The latter group was sub-divided into 4 groups based on duration of use/exposure to pesticides. Oxidative stress levels and membrane fluidity were assessed using spectrophotometric methods. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software ver. 19.0 for windows. Results The most commonly used pesticides were organophosphorus, carbamates, herbicide-type glyphosate and paraquat, with an average occupational exposure time of 35.3 years. There were statistically significant differences in markers of oxidative stress between exposed farmers and not exposed group (p = 0.000). However, in most cases, no significant differences were found in markers of oxidative stress among the 4 exposure sub-groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion In the Cienega region, despite the indiscriminate use of organophosphorus and carbamates, there are no previous studies of levels oxidative stress. The results show increased levels of oxidative stress in occupationally exposed farmers, particularly membrane fluidity levels increased three times in contrast to not exposed group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joel Salazar-Flores
- Department of Medical Sciences and Life, CUCIENEGA, University of Guadalajara, Ocotlan, Jalisco Mexico
| | | | - Genaro G Ortiz
- Department of Philosophical and Methodological Discipline, CUCS, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco Mexico
| | - Juan H Torres-Jasso
- Department of Biological Sciences, CUCOSTA, University of Guadalajara, Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco Mexico
| | - Odette Romero-Rentería
- Department of Medical Sciences and Life, CUCIENEGA, University of Guadalajara, Ocotlan, Jalisco Mexico
| | - Ana L Briones-Torres
- Department of Chemistry, CUCEI, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco Mexico
| | - Erandis D Torres-Sánchez
- Department of Medical Sciences and Life, CUCIENEGA, University of Guadalajara, Ocotlan, Jalisco Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I dysfunction induced by N-methyl carbamate ex vivo can be alleviated with a cell-permeable succinate prodrug. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 65:104794. [PMID: 32057835 PMCID: PMC7152559 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to carbamates and organophosphates poses a serious threat to society and current pharmacological treatment is solely targeting the compounds' inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase. This toxicological pathway, responsible for acute symptom presentation, can be counteracted with currently available therapies such as atropine and oximes. However, there is still significant long-term morbidity and mortality. We propose mitochondrial dysfunction as an additional cellular mechanism of carbamate toxicity and suggest pharmacological targeting of mitochondria to overcome acute metabolic decompensation. Here, we investigated the effects on mitochondrial respiratory function of N-succinimidyl N-methylcarbamate (NSNM), a surrogate for carbamate insecticides, ex vivo in human platelets. Characterization of the mitochondrial toxicity of NSNM in platelets revealed a dose-dependent decrease in mitochondral oxygen consumption linked to respiratory chain complex I while the pathway through complex II was unaffected. In intact platelets, an increase in lactate production was seen, due to a compensatory shift towards anaerobic metabolism. Treatment with a cell-permeable succinate prodrug restored the NSNM-induced (100 μM) decrease in mitochondrial oxygen consumption and normalized lactate production to the level of control. We have demonstrated that carbamate-induced mitochondrial complex I dysfunction can be alleviated with a mitochondrial targeted countermeasure: a cell-permeable prodrug of the mitochondrial complex II substrate succinate.
Collapse
|
12
|
Ali A, Khatoon A, Ul Abidin Z, Hussain S, Saleemi MK, Abbas RZ, Javed MT, Gul ST, Rizvi F. The adverse effects of carbofuran are efficiently counteracted by the supplementation of star anise (Illicium verum) in broiler chicks. TOXIN REV 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2020.1749082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashiq Ali
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Khatoon
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | - Rao Zahid Abbas
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Shafia Tehseen Gul
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Farzana Rizvi
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mondal M, Hossain MM, Rahman MA, Saha S, Uddin N, Hasan MR, Kader A, Wahed TB, Kundu SK, Islam MT, Mubarak MS. Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Activities of Justicia gendarussa Leaf Extract in Carbofuran-Induced Hepatic Damage in Rats. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:2499-2508. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Milon Mondal
- Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Dhaka 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Monir Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh
| | | | - Sushmita Saha
- Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Nizam Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Rakib Hasan
- Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Abdul Kader
- Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Tania Binte Wahed
- Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | | | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mouse (Mus Musculus) Embryonic Cerebral Cortex Cell Death Caused by Carbofuran Insecticide Exposure. J Vet Res 2019; 63:413-421. [PMID: 31572823 PMCID: PMC6749746 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2019-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of the study was to describe the process of neuron death in the cerebral cortex caused by embryonic carbofuran exposure. Material and Methods 81 mouse foetuses from 27 breeding mice were used in the study. Carbofuran was administered by gavage from the 6th to the 15th day of gestation to two groups: one at 0.0208 and the other at 0.0417 mg/kg b.w. On the 17th day, the mice were sacrificed and the foetuses were taken to measure the ROS (malondialdehyde/MDA and superoxide dismutase/SOD) activity in brain tissue, the number of apoptotic embryonic cerebral cortex neurons using a TUNEL assay, and necrotic cells using HE staining. Examination of p53 and caspase 3 expression was done by immunohistochemistry. Data were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s test. Results Increased activity of cerebral ROS characterised by significant elevation of the MDA level (P < 0.05), decreased SOD (P < 0.01), increased p53 and caspase 3 expression, and cerebral cortical neuron death either by necrosis or apoptosis (P < 0.05) were found. At the low dose carbofuran increased expression of p53, caspase 3, and apoptosis. At the high dose it increased levels of MDA and necrosis. Conclusion Increased expression of p53 and caspase 3 and apoptosis indicated that carbofuran may cause apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway. The increased apoptosis grants an opportunity to prevent and treat the effect of ROS due to gestational carbofuran exposure.
Collapse
|
15
|
Wahed TB, Mondal M, Rahman MA, Hossen MS, Bhoumik NC, Saha S, Tanvir EM, Khalil MI, Kundu SK, Islam MT, Mubarak MS. Protective Role of Syzygium Cymosum Leaf Extract Against Carbofuran-Induced Hematological and Hepatic Toxicities. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:1619-1629. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Binte Wahed
- Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Milon Mondal
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md. Sakib Hossen
- Department of Biochemistry, Primeasia University, Banani 1213, Bangladesh
| | - Nikhil Chandra Bhoumik
- Wazed Miah Science Research Centre, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Sushmita Saha
- Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - E. M. Tanvir
- Institute of Food and Radiation Biology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Savar, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Ibrahim Khalil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | | | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Alves PES, Oliveira MDDAD, Marcos de Almeida P, Martins FA, Amélia de Carvalho Melo Cavalcante A, de Jesus Aguiar Dos Santos Andrade T, Feitosa CM, Rai M, Campinho Dos Reis A, Soares da Costa Júnior J. Determination by chromatography and cytotoxotoxic and oxidative effects of pyriproxyfen and pyridalyl. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 224:398-406. [PMID: 30831490 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pyriproxyfen (PPF) is a larvicide, used to combat the proliferation of Aedes aegypti larvae. The objective of this study was to analyze the compounds of pyriproxyfen and pyridalyl (PYL) in a commercial larvicide to analyze the cytotoxic and oxidative effects of PPF and PYL. The toxic potential of PPF and PYL were assessed based on lethal concentration (LC50) in Artemia salina, cytotoxicity based on the mitotic index and the chromosomal alterations in Allium cepa and the oxidative damage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The PPF and PYL compounds were identified by HPLC-PDA based on their retention times and spectral data. The wavelengths λmax (258 nm) and (271 nm) of the UV spectrum of PYL and PPF and the retention times (RT) (3.38 min) and (4.03 min), respectively. The toxicological potentials of PPF and PYL were significant at concentrations (1, 10, 100 and 1000 ppm), with an LC50 of 48 h (0.5 ppm). PPF and PYL pointed out a cytotoxic effect in A. cepa at all concentrations (0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 100 and 1000 ppm), genotoxic effect at concentrations only (0.0001; 0.1; 1; 100 and 1000 ppm), and mutagenic for concentrations (0.1, 100 and 1000 ppm). In relation S. cerevisiae, PPF e PYL prompted oxidative damage at concentrations (100 and 1000 ppm) in all strains (SODWT, Sod1, Sod2, Sod1Sod2, Cat1 and Sod1Cat1). Therefore, the PPF and PYL identificated in commercial larvicide by HPLC-PDA produced cytotoxic and oxidative effects that could cause health and ecosystem risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia E Silva Alves
- Post-Graduation Department in Chemistry, State University of Piauí, zip code 64003-120, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
| | | | - Pedro Marcos de Almeida
- Post-Graduation Department in Chemistry, State University of Piauí, zip code 64003-120, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Francielle Aline Martins
- Post-Graduation Department in Chemistry, State University of Piauí, zip code 64003-120, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Mahendra Rai
- Biotechnology Departament, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati, 444 602, Maharashtra, India
| | - Antonielly Campinho Dos Reis
- Post-Graduation Department in Pharmacy, Federal University of Piauí, zip code 64049-550, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gupta VK, Siddiqi NJ, Ojha AK, Sharma B. Hepatoprotective effect of
Aloe vera
against cartap‐ and malathion‐induced toxicity in Wistar rats. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:18329-18343. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek K. Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad Allahabad Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Nikhat J. Siddiqi
- Department of Biochemistry Female Center for Scientific and Medical Colleges, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Anil K. Ojha
- Department of Zoology Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad Allahabad Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Bechan Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad Allahabad Uttar Pradesh India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
E. R. S, P. P. B, Nair SS, Maliakel B, Kuttan R, I. M. K. Comparative neuroprotective effects of native curcumin and its galactomannoside formulation in carbofuran-induced neurotoxicity model. Nat Prod Res 2018; 34:1456-1460. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1514401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sindhu E. R.
- Amala Cancer research Centre, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Binitha P. P.
- Amala Cancer research Centre, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Saritha S. Nair
- R&D Centre, Akay Flavours & Aromatics Ltd, Ernakulam, Kerala, India
| | - Balu Maliakel
- R&D Centre, Akay Flavours & Aromatics Ltd, Ernakulam, Kerala, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Piel C, Pouchieu C, Migault L, Béziat B, Boulanger M, Bureau M, Carles C, Grüber A, Lecluse Y, Rondeau V, Schwall X, Tual S, Lebailly P, Baldi I, Arveux P, Bara S, Bouvier AM, Busquet T, Colonna M, Coureau G, Delanoé M, Grosclaude P, Guizard AV, Herbrecht P, Laplante JJ, Lapotre-Ledoux B, Launoy G, Lenoir D, Marrer E, Marcotullio E, Maynadié M, Molinié F, Monnereau A, Paumier A, Pouzet P, Thibaudier JM, Troussard X, Velten M, Wavelet E, Woronoff AS. Increased risk of central nervous system tumours with carbamate insecticide use in the prospective cohort AGRICAN. Int J Epidemiol 2018; 48:512-526. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyy246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Camille Pouchieu
- EPICENE Team
- Registre des tumeurs primitives du système nerveux central de la Gironde, Inserm U1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Mathilde Boulanger
- Inserm U1086, Anticipe Axe Cancers et Préventions, Caen, France
- Université de Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | | | - Camille Carles
- EPICENE Team
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Médecine du Travail et Pathologies Professionnelles, Bordeaux, France
| | - Anne Grüber
- EPICENE Team
- Registre des tumeurs primitives du système nerveux central de la Gironde, Inserm U1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Yannick Lecluse
- Inserm U1086, Anticipe Axe Cancers et Préventions, Caen, France
- Université de Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | | | | | - Séverine Tual
- Inserm U1086, Anticipe Axe Cancers et Préventions, Caen, France
- Université de Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Pierre Lebailly
- Inserm U1086, Anticipe Axe Cancers et Préventions, Caen, France
- Université de Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Isabelle Baldi
- EPICENE Team
- Registre des tumeurs primitives du système nerveux central de la Gironde, Inserm U1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Médecine du Travail et Pathologies Professionnelles, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jaiswal SK, Gupta VK, Ansari MD, Siddiqi NJ, Sharma B. Vitamin C acts as a hepatoprotectant in carbofuran treated rat liver slices in vitro. Toxicol Rep 2017; 4:265-273. [PMID: 28959648 PMCID: PMC5615148 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The observations of liver slices when treated with different concentrations of carbofuran were as follows:- increased LPO decreased SOD, CAT, & protein content in all the treatments
The observations of liver slices when treated with different concentrations of carbofuran along with vitamin C were as follows:- the levels of LPO, SOD, CAT & total protein content reinstated towards normal level only in liver slices treated with low concentration at higher concentration of carbofuran treatment Vitamin C does not ameliorate the hepatic toxicity induced by carbofuran
The in vitro liver slice culture may prove to be a useful model for hepatotoxicological studies and Vitamin C, as a hepatoprotectant in mammalian system. Carbamates, most commonly used pesticides in agricultural practices, have been reported to produce free radicals causing deleterious effects in animals. The present study was designed to assess the carbofuran induced oxidative stress in rat liver slices in vitro and also to evaluate protective role of vitamin C by incubating them in Krebs-Ringer HEPES Buffer (KRHB) containing incubation media (Williams medium E (WME) supplemented with glucose and antibiotics) with different concentrations of carbofuran. The results demonstrated that carbofuran caused significant increase in lipid peroxidation and inhibition in the activity of hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) in concentration dependent manner. The data with incubation medium reflected that carbofuran at lowest concentration caused an increase in SOD activity followed by its inhibition at higher concentration. Carbofuran treatment caused inhibition in the activity of catalase in liver slices and WME incubation medium. Pre-incubation of liver slices and the WME media with vitamin C restored the values of biochemical indices tested. The results indicated that carbofuran might induce oxidative stress in hepatocytes. The pretreatment with vitamin C may offer hepatoprotection from toxicity of pesticide at low concentration only.
Collapse
Key Words
- Antioxidant
- BSA, Bovine serum albumin
- CaCl2, calcium chloride
- Carbofuran
- CuSO4, copper sulphate
- DMSO, Dimethylsulfoxide
- EDTA, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- Hepatotoxicity
- In vitro
- KCl, potassium chloride
- KRHB, Krebs-Ringer HEPES Buffer
- MgSO4, magnesium sulfate
- NADH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- NaCl, sodium chloride
- NaOH, sodium hydroxide and MDA Malonaldialdehyde
- Oxidative stress
- RNS, reactive nitrogen species
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- TBA, thiobarbituric acid
- TCA, trichloroacetic acid
- WME, Williams medium E
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, 211002, UP, India
| | - Md Dilshad Ansari
- Department of Biochemistry, VBS Poorvanchal University, Jaunpur, 211002, UP, India
| | - Nikhat J Siddiqi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bechan Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, 211002, UP, India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Curcumin Mediated Attenuation of Carbofuran Induced Oxidative Stress in Rat Brain. Biochem Res Int 2016; 2016:7637931. [PMID: 27213055 PMCID: PMC4860210 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7637931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The indiscriminate use of carbofuran to improve crop productivity causes adverse effects in nontargets including mammalian systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate carbofuran induced oxidative stress in rat brain stem and its attenuation by curcumin, a herbal product. Out of 6 groups of rats, 2 groups received two different doses of carbofuran, that is, 15 and 30% of LD50, respectively, for 30 days. Out of these, 2 groups receiving same doses of carbofuran were pretreated with curcumin (100 mg/kg body weight). The levels of antioxidants, TBARS, GSH, SOD, catalase, and GST were determined in rat brain stem. The 2 remaining groups served as placebo and curcumin treated, respectively. The data suggested that carbofuran at different doses caused significant alterations in the levels of TBARS and GSH in dose dependent manner. The TBARS and GSH contents were elevated. The activities of SOD, catalase, and GST were significantly inhibited at both doses of carbofuran. The ratio of P/A was also found to be sharply increased. The pretreatment of curcumin exhibited significant protection from carbofuran induced toxicity. The results suggested that carbofuran at sublethal doses was able to induce oxidative stress in rat brain which could be attenuated by curcumin.
Collapse
|
22
|
Bianchi J, Fernandes TCC, Marin-Morales MA. Induction of mitotic and chromosomal abnormalities on Allium cepa cells by pesticides imidacloprid and sulfentrazone and the mixture of them. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:475-483. [PMID: 26386773 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of low concentrations of pesticides in non-target organisms, seeds of Allium cepa were exposed for 24 h to the imidacloprid insecticide, sulfentrazone herbicide and to the mixture of them, followed by recovery periods of 48 and 72 h. Imidacloprid results indicated an indirect genotoxic effect by inducing different types of chromosome aberration (CA), mainly bridges and chromosomal adherences. Cells with micronucleus (MN) were not significant in the analyzed meristems. Moreover, the 72-h recovery tests indicated that the two lower concentrations of the insecticide (0.036 and 0.36 g L(-1)) had their genotoxic effects minimized after discontinuation of treatment, differently to the observed for the field concentration (3.6 g L(-1)). Sulfentrazone herbicide at field concentration (6 g L(-1)) caused cytotoxic effects by inducing nuclear fragmentation and inhibition of cell division. The other concentrations (0.06, 0.6 and 1.2 g L(-1)) indicated genotoxic effects for this herbicide. The concentration of 0.06 g L(-1) induced persistent effects that could be visualized both by the induction of CA in the recovery times as by the presence of MN in meristematic and F1 cells. The induction of MN by this lowest concentration was associated with the great amount of breakage, losses and chromosomal bridges. The mixture of pesticides induced genotoxic and cytotoxic effects, by reducing the MI of the cells. The chromosomal damage induced by the mixture of pesticides was not persistent to the cells, since such damage was minimized 72 h after the interruption of the exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Bianchi
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. 24A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, Brazil.
| | | | - Maria Aparecida Marin-Morales
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. 24A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hepatoprotective Effect of Citrus limon Fruit Extract against Carbofuran Induced Toxicity in Wistar Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1155/2015/686071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranol methylcarbamate), is known to induce oxidative stress and to cause inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity. The present work was envisaged to evaluate the effect of carbofuran on redox indices and its interactions with hepatic markers in rat. The ameliorating effect of Citrus limon fruit extract on carbofuran induced toxicity was also monitored. The results indicated that carbofuran treatment caused significant alterations in the levels of activities of AST, ALT, and LDH in liver tissues and serum. The levels of enzymatic oxidative stress markers such as SOD and catalase and nonenzymatic redox molecules such as total thiol, GSH, and protein thiol also showed significant perturbations in rat liver due to carbofuran treatment. The administration of Citrus limon fruit extract, however, was able to markedly ameliorate the toxicity of carbofuran by protecting the levels of aforesaid biomarkers to near normal levels. The ameliorative effect of Citrus limon fruit extract may be due to the presence of different antioxidants in it which may neutralize the ROS and RNS generated in the body tissue due to pesticide stress. These results suggested that Citrus limon fruit extract may be utilized as a potential supplement in proper management of pesticide intoxication in association with relevant therapeutics.
Collapse
|
24
|
Bianchi J, Mantovani MS, Marin-Morales MA. Analysis of the genotoxic potential of low concentrations of Malathion on the Allium cepa cells and rat hepatoma tissue culture. J Environ Sci (China) 2015; 36:102-111. [PMID: 26456612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Based on the concentration of Malathion used in the field, we evaluated the genotoxic potential of low concentrations of this insecticide on meristematic and F1 cells of Allium cepa and on rat hepatoma tissue culture (HTC cells). In the A. cepa, chromosomal aberrations (CAs), micronuclei (MN), and mitotic index (MI) were evaluated by exposing the cells at 1.5, 0.75, 0.37, and 0.18mg/mL of Malathion for 24 and 48hr of exposure and 48hr of recovery time. The results showed that all concentrations were genotoxic to A. cepa cells. However, the analysis of the MI has showed non-relevant effects. Chromosomal bridges were the CA more frequently induced, indicating the clastogenic action of Malathion. After the recovery period, the higher concentrations continued to induce genotoxic effects, unlike the observed for the lowest concentrations tested. In HTC cells, the genotoxicity of Malathion was evaluated by the MN test and the comet assay by exposing the cells at 0.09, 0.009, and 0.0009mg/5mL culture medium, for 24hr of exposure. In the comet assay, all the concentrations induced genotoxicity in the HTC cells. In the MN test, no significant induction of MN was observed. The genotoxicity induced by the low concentrations of Malathion presented in this work highlights the importance of studying the effects of low concentrations of this pesticide and demonstrates the efficiency of these two test systems for the detection of genetic damage promoted by Malathion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Bianchi
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. 24A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, Brazil.
| | - Mario Sérgio Mantovani
- Department of General Biology, Biological Science Centre, Univ Estadual de Londrina, 86061990, Londrina, PR, 6001, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Marin-Morales
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. 24A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Durga M, Devasena T, Rajasekar A. Determination of LC50 and sub-chronic neurotoxicity of diesel exhaust nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 40:615-625. [PMID: 26363131 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is a major problem faced globally and is seen associated with central nervous system (CNS) disorders like neuropathology and neuro-inflammation. Here, we investigated the CNS disorders as a result of sub-chronic exposure (90 days) to diesel exhaust nanoparticles (DENPs) and explored the minimal levels of DENPs needed to exhibit the early mediators of neuro-inflammation and neuropathology. Male and female wistar rats (6 rats per group) were exposed to DENPs (1/5th, 1/10th and 1/15th LC50) by inhalation for 4h per day, 5 days per week over 90 days and neurotoxicity end-points were analyzed. DENP exposure caused elevation in levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, amyloid beta 42 (Aβ 42), reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitrate (NO3(-)), nitrite (NO2(-)) and apurinic/apyrimidinic sites (AP) at varying degrees at different sections of rat brain. Hence, exposure to DENPs resulted in dose-dependent toxicity and was closely correlated to increased inflammation, DNA damage and oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Durga
- Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, A.C. Tech Campus, Anna University Chennai, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - T Devasena
- Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, A.C. Tech Campus, Anna University Chennai, Chennai 600 025, India.
| | - A Rajasekar
- Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, A.C. Tech Campus, Anna University Chennai, Chennai 600 025, India
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chahal KS, Prakash A, Majeed ABA. The role of multifunctional drug therapy against carbamate induced neuronal toxicity during acute and chronic phase in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 40:220-229. [PMID: 26151868 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The current study has been designed to examine the effect of multifunctional drug therapy on carbofuran induced acute (2.187 mg/kg, s.c.) and sub-acute (0.2187 mg/kg, s.c.) neurotoxicity in male wistar rats. Drug treatment which includes nimodipine (Ca(2+) channel blocker), diazepam, ropinirole (dopamine agonist) and GSPE (antioxidant) was started 2h after carbofuran administration. Morris water maze was employed for aiming spatial memory. Narrow beam walk and rotarod were employed for testing motor functions. Brain acetylcholinesterase activity, thiobarbituric acid reactive species, nitrite, reduced glutathione, catalase levels, and mitochondrial complexes were also estimated. Carbofuran treatment resulted in significant development of cognitive and motor functions manifested as impairment in learning and memory along with increased thiobarbituric acid reactive species, nitrite levels and decreased acetylcholinesterase activity, reduced glutathione, catalase levels, and mitochondrial complexes. The standard antidote therapy (atropine) was not able to provide neuroprotection but was able to provide symptomatic relief. The multifunctional drug therapy attenuated carbofuran induced cognitive and motor dysfunction, acetylcholinesterase activity and other biochemical parameters. The triple combination in sub-acute study may be avoided in future as two drug combinations provide adequate neuroprotection. Thus it can be concluded that standard antidotal therapy may not provide neuroprotection while the multifunctional drug therapy offers neuroprotection against carbofuran and may dramatically increase survival and life quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karan Singh Chahal
- Department of Pharmacology, I.S.F. College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Atish Prakash
- Department of Pharmacology, I.S.F. College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India; Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Puncak Alam, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Brain and Neuroscience Communities of Research, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Abu Bakar Abdul Majeed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Puncak Alam, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Brain and Neuroscience Communities of Research, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Biosensors containing acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase as recognition tools for detection of various compounds. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2015. [DOI: 10.2478/s11696-014-0542-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAcetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) are enzymes expressed in the human body under physiological conditions. AChE is an important part of the cholinergic nerves where it hydrolyses neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Both cholinesterases are sensitive to inhibitors acting as neurotoxic compounds. In analytical applications, the enzymes can serve as a biorecognition element in biosensors as well as simple disposable sensors (dipsticks) and be used for assaying the neurotoxic compounds. In the present review, the mechanism of AChE and BChE inhibition by disparate compounds is explained and methods for assaying the enzymes activity are shown. Optical, electrochemical, and piezoelectric biosensors are described. Attention is also given to the application of sol-gel techniques and quantum dots in the biosensors’ construction. Examples of the biosensors are provided and the pros and cons are discussed.
Collapse
|
28
|
Mansour SAK, Gamet-Payrastre L. Ameliorative effect of vitamin E to mouse dams and their pups following exposure of mothers to chlorpyrifos during gestation and lactation periods. Toxicol Ind Health 2014; 32:1179-96. [PMID: 25234640 DOI: 10.1177/0748233714548207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are omnipresent in environment, water, fruits, and vegetables and are considered as risk factors for human health. Consumers are mainly exposed to pesticides through diet, and the main question to be answered concerns the impact of such exposure on health. In this study, we developed a mouse model to mimic consumer exposure. During gestation and lactation periods, the experimental mouse dams (M) received one of the following treatments: (a) diet-free of pesticides; (b) diet enriched with chlorpyrifos (CPF; 44.0 μg kg(-1)); c) diet + oral vitamin E (vit. E; α-tocopherol; 200 mg/kg/mouse); and (d) diet enriched with CPF (44.0 μg/kg + oral vit. E (200 mg/kg/mouse). At weaning, pups (P) and dams were killed, and organs as well as blood samples were collected. Compared with control results, CPF induced alteration of measured parameters (e.g. organ weight, alkaline phosphatase, urea, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and cholinesterase) either in mouse dams or in their offspring. Also, CPF induced histological impairment in kidney, liver, and ovary. Administration of vit. E in conjunction with CPF clearly alleviated deviation of these parameters than those of control ones. In conclusion, a dietary exposure of mice during gestation and lactation to low dose of CPF led to significant changes in the mother but also in the weaned animals that have not been directly exposed to this pesticide. These biological and histological modifications could be reversed by an oral supplementation of vit. E.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sameeh Abdel-Kader Mansour
- Environmental Toxicology Research Unit (ETRU), Pesticide Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
A transposable element insertion confers xenobiotic resistance in Drosophila. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004560. [PMID: 25122208 PMCID: PMC4133159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in availability of whole genome sequences makes it possible to search for evidence of adaptation at an unprecedented scale. Despite recent progress, our understanding of the adaptive process is still very limited due to the difficulties in linking adaptive mutations to their phenotypic effects. In this study, we integrated different levels of biological information to pinpoint the ecologically relevant fitness effects and the underlying molecular and biochemical mechanisms of a putatively adaptive TE insertion in Drosophila melanogaster: the pogo transposon FBti0019627. We showed that other than being incorporated into Kmn1 transcript, FBti0019627 insertion also affects the polyadenylation signal choice of CG11699 gene. Consequently, only the short 3'UTR transcript of CG11699 gene is produced and the expression level of this gene is higher in flies with the insertion. Our results indicated that increased CG11699 expression leads to xenobiotic stress resistance through increased ALDH-III activity: flies with FBti0019627 insertion showed increased survival rate in response to benzaldehyde, a natural xenobiotic, and to carbofuran, a synthetic insecticide. Although differences in survival rate between flies with and without the insertion were not always significant, when they were, they were consistent with FBti0019627 mediating resistance to xenobiotics. Taken together, our results provide a plausible explanation for the increase in frequency of FBti0019627 in natural populations of D. melanogaster and add to the limited number of examples in which a natural genetic mutation has been linked to its ecologically relevant phenotype. Furthermore, the widespread distribution of TEs across the tree of life and conservation of stress response pathways across organisms make our results relevant not only for Drosophila, but for other organisms as well.
Collapse
|
30
|
Jaiswal SK, Siddiqi NJ, Sharma B. Carbofuran Induced Oxidative Stress Mediated Alterations in Na+-K+-ATPase Activity in Rat Brain: Amelioration by Vitamin E. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2014; 28:320-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikhat Jamal Siddiqi
- Department of Biochemistry; College of Science; King Saud University; Riyadh 11495 Saudi Arabia
| | - Bechan Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Allahabad; Allahabad 211002 India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abarikwu SO. Protective effect of quercetin on atrazine-induced oxidative stress in the liver, kidney, brain, and heart of adult wistar rats. Toxicol Int 2014; 21:148-55. [PMID: 25253923 PMCID: PMC4170555 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6580.139794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The conflicting roles of quercetin against tissue pathologies associated with oxidative stress are known. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of quercetin at doses of 5 mg/kg (Q5) or 10 mg/kg (Q10) against atrazine (120 mg/kg, ATZ)-induced oxidative stress in various tissues of rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult male albino Wistar rats were administered ATZ, Q5, and Q10 alone or in combination for 16 days. At the end of the 16th day, the animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation; and the blood, heart, brain, kidney and liver were collected and used for biochemical determinations and histopathological examination. RESULTS Q10 but not Q5 attenuated ATZ-induced increase in the levels of serum enzyme markers sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). The heart was less susceptible to ATZ-induced oxidative stress than the liver, kidney, and brain of treated animals, and there were tendencies for synergistic effects in the heart and liver of Q5 + ATZ-treated rats. Oxidative stress-induced by ATZ in terms of increased lipid peroxidation level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was decreased in the brain of the Q5 + ATZ-treated rats but not that of the Q10 + ATZ-treated rats. Conversely, histopathological changes and oxidative stress-induced by ATZ in terms of elevated lipid peroxidation level, decreased SOD, and catalase (CAT) activities were prevented in the kidney and liver of the Q10 + ATZ-treated rats but not that of the Q5 + ATZ-treated rats. CONCLUSION Quercetin at the investigated doses and especially the low dose may not protect against ATZ-induced oxidative stress in rat tissues in an overall sense.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunny O. Abarikwu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Redemption City, Ogun, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gbadegesin MA, Owumi SE, Akinseye V, Odunola OA. Evaluation of hepatotoxicity and clastogenicity of carbofuran in male Wistar rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 65:115-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
33
|
Pohanka M. Voltammetric assay of butyrylcholinesterase in plasma samples and its comparison to the standard spectrophotometric test. Talanta 2014; 119:412-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
34
|
Carbofuran Induced Oxidative Stress in Rat Heart: Ameliorative Effect of Vitamin C. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/824102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of carbofuran on the levels of certain biomarkers in heart of rat exposed to sublethal concentrations of pesticide for 30 days after each interval of 24 h. The ameliorative effect of vitamin C by pretreatment of rats was also monitored. The results indicated that the activities of acetylcholinesterase and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) decreased significantly in rat heart tissues, the extent of inhibition being concentration dependent. In contrast, the level of LDH increased in serum. The levels of malondialdehyde, total thiols, and glutathione were significantly elevated whereas the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione-S-transferase were remarkably decreased in rat heart tissues. The serum concentrations of cholesterol increased by 47 and 77% and high density lipids decreased by 35 and 64%, respectively, due to exposure to 5 and 10% LD50 of carbofuran. The prior treatment of rats with vitamin C (100 mg kg−1 body weight) exerted significant ameliorative effect. The recovery was higher at low carbofuran concentration (5%) tested. The results indicated that carbofuran induced oxidative stress and caused damage to cardiac tissues, which could be recovered by prior application of vitamin C.
Collapse
|
35
|
JanakiDevi V, Nagarani N, YokeshBabu M, Kumaraguru AK, Ramakritinan CM. A study of proteotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by the pesticide and fungicide on marine invertebrate (Donax faba). CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 90:1158-66. [PMID: 23062944 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/08/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) and carbendazim (CBZ) are widely used pesticide and fungicide in India. The 96 h LC(50) values of chlorpyrifos and carbendazim for the marine invertebrate Donax faba, were 247.72 μg L(-1) and 200.82 μg L(-1) respectively. CBZ was found to accumulate less than CPF. Gill, body and foot tissues were used as target organs in biomarker and genotoxic studies. The results showed that treatment with chlorpyrifos and carbendazim increased the MDA levels, decreased the GSH levels and changed the total protein, SOD, CAT, GPx and AChE activities in all the tissues compared to those of the control (p<0.05). These results suggest that lipid peroxidation can be a possible pathway for the toxicity of chlorpyrifos and carbendazim. The antioxidant enzyme levels decrease as a result of the consumption of enzymes to neutralize free radicals generated by CPF and CBZ. Comet tail was observed in the first three doses, in all the tissues, of which the mean tail length differed significantly (p<0.01) from those of the unexposed ones. D. faba can be used as an indicator organism to assess the genotoxic risks of chemical contamination in the marine environment using comet assay. Theses biomarkers can be used further to know these agrochemicals impact on coastal marine bivalves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V JanakiDevi
- Department of Marine and Coastal Studies, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai-625 021, Tamilnadu, India.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kaur B, Khera A, Sandhir R. Attenuation of cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms in kidney of rats intoxicated with carbofuran. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2012; 26:393-8. [PMID: 22807346 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2012] [Revised: 06/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Carbofuran, an anticholinestrase carbamate, is commonly used as an insecticide. Its toxic effect on kidney is less established. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of carbofuran on kidneys and to understand the mechanism involved in its nephrotoxicity. Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups of eight animals each; control animals received sunflower oil (vehicle) and carbofuran exposed animals were treated with carbofuran (1 mg/kg body weight) orally for 28 days. At the end of the treatment, significant increase was observed in urea and creatinine levels in serum along with the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, suggesting nephrotoxicity. The antioxidant defense system of animals treated with carbofuran was altered in terms of increased lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, and total thiols and decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase). The results indicate that carbofuran is nephrotoxic and increased oxidative stress appears to be involved in its nephrotoxic effects.
Collapse
|
37
|
|
38
|
Ozden S, Catalgol B, Gezginci-Oktayoglu S, Karatug A, Bolkent S, Alpertunga B. Acute effects of methiocarb on oxidative damage and the protective effects of vitamin E and taurine in the liver and kidney of Wistar rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2012; 29:60-71. [PMID: 22623520 DOI: 10.1177/0748233712446719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Methiocarb (MC) is a widely used carbamate pesticide in agriculture and health programs. Although the main molecular mechanism of carbamate toxicity involves acetylcholinesterase inhibition, studies have also implicated the induction of oxidative stress. Therefore, the present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of acute MC exposure on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant defense systems, histological changes in Wistar rats and the protective effect of pretreatment with vitamin E and taurine. A total of 48 rats were randomly divided into six groups. Rats in group I were given corn oil, while those in group III were dosed with vitamin E (100 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)) and in group V were dosed with taurine (50 mg/kg b.w.). Rats in group II were administered with MC only (25 mg/kg b.w., 1/4 of median lethal dose (LD(50))), while those in groups IV and VI were pretreated with vitamin E (100 mg/kg b.w.) and taurine (50 mg/kg b.w.) for 20 days, respectively, and then exposed to MC (25 mg/kg b.w.). The rats administered with MC showed significant increase in the levels of malondialdehyde in the liver and kidney as an index of lipid peroxidation. Levels of glutathione and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly increased, while activity of glutathione reductase remained unchanged in both the tissues after MC treatment. Mild degenerative histological changes were observed in liver tissue, while the changes in kidney tissue were more severe then liver after MC treatment. Pretreatment with vitamin E and taurine resulted in a significant decrease in the lipid peroxidation and alleviating effects on antioxidant defense systems in both the tissues, while protective effects on the histological changes were shown only in kidney when compared with liver. In conclusion, the study has demonstrated that the acute MC exposure in Wistar rats caused oxidative damage on liver and kidney, which were partly ameliorated by the pretreatment of vitamin E and taurine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Ozden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Istanbul University, Beyazit, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Srivastava AK, Srivastava PK, Al-Khedhairy AA, Musarrat J, Shukla Y. Allethrin-induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in Swiss albino mice. Mutat Res 2012; 747:22-28. [PMID: 22475934 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Allethrin (C(19)H(26)O(3)) is non-cyano-containing pyrethroid insecticide that is used extensively for controlling flies and mosquitoes. Apart from its neurotoxic effects in non-target species, allethrin is reported to be mutagenic in bacterial systems. In this study, we observed oxidative damage-mediated genotoxicity caused by allethrin in Swiss albino mice. The genotoxic potential of allethrin was evaluated using chromosome aberrations (CAs) and a micronuclei (MN) induction assay as genetic end-points. The oral intubation of allethrin (25 and 50mg/kg b.wt.) significantly induces CAs and MN in mouse bone marrow cells. The DNA-damaging potential of allethrin was estimated in mouse liver using the DNA alkaline unwinding assay (DAUA) and by measuring the levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxy-guanosine (8-OH-dG). Furthermore, a dose-dependent increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and lipid peroxidation (LPO), with a concurrent decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, confirm its pro-oxidant potential. The DNA-damaging potential of allethrin was found to be mediated through the modulation of p53, p21, GADD45α and MDM-2. These results confirm the genotoxic and the pro-oxidant potential of allethrin in Swiss albino mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Srivastava
- Proteomics Laboratory, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR), P.O. Box 80, M.G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, UP, India; Department of Biochemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, India
| | | | | | - Javed Musarrat
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yogeshwer Shukla
- Proteomics Laboratory, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR), P.O. Box 80, M.G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, UP, India.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Karabacak M, Kanbur M, Eraslan G, Soyer Sarıca Z. The antioxidant effect of wheat germ oil on subchronic coumaphos exposure in mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2011; 74:2119-2125. [PMID: 21851982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Forty-eight male Balb/C mice, allocated to 4 equal groups, constituted the material of the study. The first group was maintained as the control group and was administered solely with a vehicle, which was used to dissolve coumaphos in the third and fourth groups. The second group was administered with 1.5 ml/kg.bw/day (∼1400 mg/kg.bw/day) of wheat germ oil. The third group received 5.5mg/kg.bw/day (1/10 LD50(oral)) of coumaphos. Finally, the fourth group was given both coumaphos and wheat germ oil at the doses indicated above. In all groups, the compounds were given directly into the stomach using a gastric tube, and treatment was continued for a period of 45 days. At the end of the 45th day, the liver, lungs, kidneys, brain, heart and spleen were extirpated in all of the animals. Tissue homogenates prepared from the tissue specimens were analysed for malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities. In conclusion, it was determined that coumaphos led to adverse alterations in the majority of the oxidative stress markers investigated. The administration of wheat germ oil alleviated the coumpahos-induced adverse effects detected in the tissues examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mürsel Karabacak
- Erciyes University, Safiye Çıkrıkçıoğlu Vocational College, Department of Animal Science, Kayseri, Turkey
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kapoor U, Srivastava MK, Bhardwaj S, Srivastava LP. Effect of imidacloprid on antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in female rats to derive its No Observed Effect Level (NOEL). J Toxicol Sci 2010; 35:577-81. [PMID: 20686345 DOI: 10.2131/jts.35.577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Technical imidacloprid was evaluated for its effect on oxidative stress and Lipid peroxidation (LPO) in female rats for No Observed Effect Level (NOEL). Activities of Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and level of Glutathione (GSH) and LPO were estimated in liver, kidney and brain of rats after oral administration of imidacloprid (5, 10, 20 mg/kg/day) for 90 days. Imidacloprid at 5 and 10 mg/kg/day has not produced changes in SOD, CAT, GPx and level of GSH and LPO in liver, brain and kidney. However 20 mg/kg/day has produced significant changes in SOD, CAT, GPx, GSH, LPO in liver; SOD, CAT and GPx in brain and LPO in kidney. Therefore, it is concluded that imidacloprid has not generated oxidative stress at 5 and 10mg/kg/day but induced changes at 20 mg/kg/day. Hence 10 mg/kg/day may be considered as NOEL through antioxidant enzymes and LPO in female rats.
Collapse
|
42
|
Uzun FG, Demir F, Kalender S, Bas H, Kalender Y. Protective effect of catechin and quercetin on chlorpyrifos-induced lung toxicity in male rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:1714-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2010] [Revised: 03/28/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
43
|
Singh M, Sandhir R, Kiran R. Alterations in Ca2+ homeostasis in rat erythrocytes with atrazine treatment: positive modulation by vitamin E. Mol Cell Biochem 2010; 340:231-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-010-0422-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
44
|
Sharma B, Rai DK, Rai PK, Rizvi SI, Watal G. Determination of erythrocyte fragility as a marker of pesticide-induced membrane oxidative damage. Methods Mol Biol 2010; 594:123-8. [PMID: 20072913 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-411-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Erythrocytes are readily available cells and a good model system to study the health status of individuals with pathologic complications. It can also serve as a meaningful target to study toxicant/xenobiotic-induced damages. We have prepared different concentrations of a carbamate pesticide (carbofuran) and carried out experiments to determine its toxicity on erythrocytes in terms of mean erythrocyte fragility (MEF). We observed a significant alteration in the osmotic fragility upon treatment with carbofuran. In our earlier studies we have observed a good correlation between OF and OS in diabetic subjects. Study reveals OF as a potential biomarker of oxidative membrane damage in pathologic conditions as well as toxicant/xenobiotic/pesticide-induced oxidative membrane damage to erythrocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bechan Sharma
- Medicinal Research Lab, Drug Discovery & Development Division, Alternative Therapeutics Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ozden S, Alpertunga B. Effects of methiocarb on lipid peroxidation and glutathione level in rat tissues. Drug Chem Toxicol 2009; 33:50-4. [DOI: 10.3109/01480540903130708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
46
|
Effects of methomyl on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in rat erythrocytes: In vitro studies. Toxicol Ind Health 2009; 25:557-63. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233709349829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Erythrocytes are a convenient model to understand the membrane oxidative damage induced by various xenobiotic pro-oxidants. This study was designed to investigate the possibility of methomyl (Lannate® 90% SP), S-methyl N-(methylcarbamoyloxy) thioacetimidate, to induce oxidative stress response in rat erythrocytes in vitro. Erythrocytes were incubated for 4 hours at 37°C with different concentrations (0.0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mM) of methomyl. The results showed that methomyl decreased acetylcholinesterase (AChE), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities and increased level of lipid peroxidation (LPO) as well as the percentage of haemolysis. The response occurred in a concentration-dependent manner. The study suggested that methomyl has the capability to induce oxidative damage as evidenced by increasing LPO and perturbations in various antioxidant enzymes.
Collapse
|
47
|
Methiocarb-induced oxidative damage following subacute exposure and the protective effects of vitamin E and taurine in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47:1676-84. [PMID: 19394395 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2008] [Revised: 03/15/2009] [Accepted: 04/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Methiocarb, is used worldwide in agriculture and health programs. Besides its advantages in the agriculture, it causes several toxic effects. In this study, we aimed to investigate subacute effects of methiocarb on lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione (GSH), antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione reductase (GSH-Rd) and histopathological changes in rat tissues. Moreover, we examined the possible protective effects of vitamin E and taurine on methiocarb-induced oxidative damage in rat tissues. Rats were randomly divided into six groups as follows; I-control group; II-methiocarb group; III-vitamin E group; IV-vitamin E+methiocarb group; V-taurine group and VI-taurine+methiocarb group. Methiocarb significantly increased lipid peroxidation in liver and kidney when compared to control groups. Levels of GSH and activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px were found to be decreased, while GSH-Rd remained unchanged in rat liver and kidney treated with methiocarb. Pretreatment of vitamin E and taurine resulted in a significant decrease on lipid peroxidation, alleviating effects on GSH and antioxidant enzymes. The degenerative histological changes were less in liver than kidney of rats treated with methiocarb. Pretreatment of vitamin E and taurine showed a protective effect on the histological changes in kidney comparing to the liver of rats treated with methiocarb.
Collapse
|
48
|
Ryu SR, Choi IS, Bian RX, Kim JH, Han JY, Lee SG. The effect of C-reactive protein on functional outcome in ischemic stroke patients. Int J Neurosci 2009; 119:336-44. [PMID: 19116840 DOI: 10.1080/00207450802480176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate the effect of C-reactive protein (CRP) measured within 24 hr after stroke onset on functional outcome in ischemic stroke patients. The medical records of 28 first-ever hemiplegic ischemic stroke patients with the lesions on the middle cerebral arterial territory were reviewed. Subjects were classified into experimental group (serum CRP >or= 0.5 mg/dL) and control group (serum CRP<0.5 mg/dL) based on the level of serum CRP measured within 24 hr after stroke onset. Serum CRP measured within 24 hr after stroke onset was significantly correlated with functional scales in ischemic stroke patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ra Ryu
- Department of Physical & Rehabilitation Medicine, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School & Hospital, Hak-Dong, Dong-Gu, Gwangju City, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Rai DK, Rai PK, Rizvi SI, Watal G, Sharma B. Carbofuran-induced toxicity in rats: protective role of vitamin C. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 61:531-5. [PMID: 19128948 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2008.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2008] [Revised: 06/19/2008] [Accepted: 11/21/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Erythrocytes are prone to oxidative stress due to the presence of hemoglobin and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Oxidative stress (OS) is associated with increased osmotic fragility (OF) of erythrocytes. Organophosphate and organocarbamate pesticides are known to cause OS in erythrocytes. We have investigated the effect of a single sub-acute dose of carbofuran (CF), an organocarbamate pesticide and ameliorating role of vitamin C on OF and OS in erythrocytes of Wistar rats. OF and OS were assessed by determining membrane stability in terms of erythrocyte OF and the activities of free radicals scavenging enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). We observed a significant alteration in the mean erythrocyte fragility (MEF) at relatively higher NaCl concentration (0.67%) as compared to MEF at 0.55%, 0.58% and 0.56% of NaCl in control, vitamin C- and vitamin C + CF-treated groups, respectively. The activities of CAT and SOD were observed to be elevated by 74.35% and 85.56%, respectively, with significance level of p < or = 0.001, whereas GST activity got significantly (p < or = 0.001) diminished by 46.30% in the erythrocytes of CF-treated rats. Vitamin C treatment exhibited marked (p < or = 0.05) prevention of carbofuran-induced oxidative stress as well as erythrocyte osmotic fragility in the Wistar rats. These results suggest that CF treatment induces OF and OS in the erythrocytes of rats, and pretreatment with vitamin C can mitigate these toxic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devendra K Rai
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kamboj SS, Kumar V, Kamboj A, Sandhir R. Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress and Dysfunction in Rat Brain Induced by Carbofuran Exposure. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2008; 28:961-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-008-9270-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2007] [Accepted: 02/19/2008] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|