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Wu G, Ou Y, Feng Z, Xiong Z, Li K, Che M, Qi S, Zhou M. Oxytocin attenuates hypothalamic injury-induced cognitive dysfunction by inhibiting hippocampal ERK signaling and Aβ deposition. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:208. [PMID: 38796566 PMCID: PMC11127955 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02930-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In clinical settings, tumor compression, trauma, surgical injury, and other types of injury can cause hypothalamic damage, resulting in various types of hypothalamic dysfunction. Impaired release of oxytocin can lead to cognitive impairment and affect prognosis and long-term quality of life after hypothalamic injury. Hypothalamic injury-induced cognitive dysfunction was detected in male animals. Behavioral parameters were measured to assess the characteristics of cognitive dysfunction induced by hypothalamic-pituitary stalk lesions. Brains were collected for high-throughput RNA sequencing and immunostaining to identify pathophysiological changes in hippocampal regions highly associated with cognitive function after injury to corresponding hypothalamic areas. Through transcriptomic analysis, we confirmed the loss of oxytocin neurons after hypothalamic injury and the reversal of hypothalamic-induced cognitive dysfunction after oxytocin supplementation. Furthermore, overactivation of the ERK signaling pathway and β-amyloid deposition in the hippocampal region after hypothalamic injury were observed, and cognitive function was restored after inhibition of ERK signaling pathway overactivation. Our findings suggest that cognitive dysfunction after hypothalamic injury may be caused by ERK hyperphosphorylation in the hippocampal region resulting from a decrease in the number of oxytocin neurons, which in turn causes β-amyloid deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangsen Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yichao Ou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhanpeng Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengjie Che
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songtao Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Mingfeng Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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2
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Albadrani HM, Chauhan P, Ashique S, Babu MA, Iqbal D, Almutary AG, Abomughaid MM, Kamal M, Paiva-Santos AC, Alsaweed M, Hamed M, Sachdeva P, Dewanjee S, Jha SK, Ojha S, Slama P, Jha NK. Mechanistic insights into the potential role of dietary polyphenols and their nanoformulation in the management of Alzheimer's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116376. [PMID: 38508080 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a very common neurodegenerative disorder associated with memory loss and a progressive decline in cognitive activity. The two major pathophysiological factors responsible for AD are amyloid plaques (comprising amyloid-beta aggregates) and neurofibrillary tangles (consisting of hyperphosphorylated tau protein). Polyphenols, a class of naturally occurring compounds, are immensely beneficial for the treatment or management of various disorders and illnesses. Naturally occurring sources of polyphenols include plants and plant-based foods, such as fruits, herbs, tea, vegetables, coffee, red wine, and dark chocolate. Polyphenols have unique properties, such as being the major source of anti-oxidants and possessing anti-aging and anti-cancerous properties. Currently, dietary polyphenols have become a potential therapeutic approach for the management of AD, depending on various research findings. Dietary polyphenols can be an effective strategy to tackle multifactorial events that occur with AD. For instance, naturally occurring polyphenols have been reported to exhibit neuroprotection by modulating the Aβ biogenesis pathway in AD. Many nanoformulations have been established to enhance the bioavailability of polyphenols, with nanonization being the most promising. This review comprehensively provides mechanistic insights into the neuroprotective potential of dietary polyphenols in treating AD. It also reviews the usability of dietary polyphenol as nanoformulation for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind Muteb Albadrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Payal Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanad University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| | - Sumel Ashique
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bengal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Durgapur 713212, West Bengal, India
| | - M Arockia Babu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Danish Iqbal
- Department of Health Information Management, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah 51418, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed G Almutary
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mosleh Mohammad Abomughaid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mehnaz Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mohammed Alsaweed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Munerah Hamed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Zoology, Kalindi College, University of Delhi, 110008, India
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Petr Slama
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura- 140401, Punjab, India.; School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India.
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3
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Yu Y, Chen R, Mao K, Deng M, Li Z. The Role of Glial Cells in Synaptic Dysfunction: Insights into Alzheimer's Disease Mechanisms. Aging Dis 2024; 15:459-479. [PMID: 37548934 PMCID: PMC10917533 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder that impacts a substantial number of individuals globally. Despite its widespread prevalence, there is currently no cure for AD. It is widely acknowledged that normal synaptic function holds a key role in memory, cognitive abilities, and the interneuronal transfer of information. As AD advances, symptoms including synaptic impairment, decreased synaptic density, and cognitive decline become increasingly noticeable. The importance of glial cells in the formation of synapses, the growth of neurons, brain maturation, and safeguarding the microenvironment of the central nervous system is well recognized. However, during AD progression, overactive glial cells can cause synaptic dysfunction, neuronal death, and abnormal neuroinflammation. Both neuroinflammation and synaptic dysfunction are present in the early stages of AD. Therefore, focusing on the changes in glia-synapse communication could provide insights into the mechanisms behind AD. In this review, we aim to provide a summary of the role of various glial cells, including microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and oligodendrocyte precursor cells, in regulating synaptic dysfunction. This may offer a new perspective on investigating the underlying mechanisms of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Ran Chen
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Kaiyue Mao
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Maoyan Deng
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Zhigang Li
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Active Substance Screening and Translational Research, Shenzhen, China.
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4
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Karimi Tari P, Parsons CG, Collingridge GL, Rammes G. Memantine: Updating a rare success story in pro-cognitive therapeutics. Neuropharmacology 2024; 244:109737. [PMID: 37832633 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The great potential for NMDA receptor modulators as druggable targets in neurodegenerative disorders has been met with limited success. Considered one of the rare exceptions, memantine has consistently demonstrated restorative and prophylactic properties in many AD models. In clinical trials memantine slows the decline in cognitive performance associated with AD. Here, we provide an overview of the basic properties including pharmacological targets, toxicology and cellular effects of memantine. Evidence demonstrating reductions in molecular, physiological and behavioural indices of AD-like impairments associated with memantine treatment are also discussed. This represents both an extension and homage to Dr. Chris Parson's considerable contributions to our fundamental understanding of a success story in the AD treatment landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Karimi Tari
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Chris G Parsons
- Galimedix Therapeutics, Inc., 2704 Calvend Lane, Kensington, 20895, MD, USA
| | - Graham L Collingridge
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada; TANZ Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Gerhard Rammes
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine of the Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
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5
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Teixeira LCR, Mamede I, Luizon MR, Gomes KB. Role of long non-coding RNAs in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:270. [PMID: 38302810 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09178-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Dementia is the term used to describe a group of cognitive disorders characterized by a decline in memory, thinking, and reasoning abilities that interfere with daily life activities. Examples of dementia include Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Vascular dementia (VaD) and Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). AD is the most common form of dementia. The hallmark pathology of AD includes formation of β-amyloid (Aβ) oligomers and tau hyperphosphorylation in the brain, which induces neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, synaptic dysfunction, and neuronal apoptosis. Emerging studies have associated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) with the pathogenesis and progression of the neurodegenerative diseases. LncRNAs are defined as RNAs longer than 200 nucleotides that lack the ability to encode functional proteins. LncRNAs play crucial roles in numerous biological functions for their ability to interact with different molecules, such as proteins and microRNAs, and subsequently regulate the expression of their target genes at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. In this narrative review, we report the function and mechanisms of action of lncRNAs found to be deregulated in different types of dementia, with the focus on AD. Finally, we discuss the emerging role of lncRNAs as biomarkers of dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Cristina Ribeiro Teixeira
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Izabela Mamede
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Rizzatti Luizon
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Karina Braga Gomes
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil.
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6
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Saleh O, Albakri K, Altiti A, Abutair I, Shalan S, Mohd OB, Negida A, Mushtaq G, Kamal MA. The Role of Non-coding RNAs in Alzheimer's Disease: Pathogenesis, Novel Biomarkers, and Potential Therapeutic Targets. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:731-745. [PMID: 37211844 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230519113201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (IncRNAs) are regulatory RNA transcripts that have recently been associated with the onset of many neurodegenerative illnesses, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Several IncRNAs have been found to be associated with AD pathophysiology, each with a distinct mechanism. In this review, we focused on the role of IncRNAs in the pathogenesis of AD and their potential as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Searching for relevant articles was done using the PubMed and Cochrane library databases. Studies had to be published in full text in English in order to be considered. Some IncRNAs were found to be upregulated, while others were downregulated. Dysregulation of IncRNAs expression may contribute to AD pathogenesis. Their effects manifest as the synthesis of beta-amyloid (Aβ) plaques increases, thereby altering neuronal plasticity, inducing inflammation, and promoting apoptosis. Despite the need for more investigations, IncRNAs could potentially increase the sensitivity of early detection of AD. Until now, there has been no effective treatment for AD. Hence, InRNAs are promising molecules and may serve as potential therapeutic targets. Although several dysregulated AD-associated lncRNAs have been discovered, the functional characterization of most lncRNAs is still lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Othman Saleh
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Khaled Albakri
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
- Medical Research Group of Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Iser Abutair
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Suhaib Shalan
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | | | - Ahmed Negida
- Medical Research Group of Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 641 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Gohar Mushtaq
- Center for Scientific Research, Faculty of Medicine, Idlib University, Idlib, Syria
| | - Mohammad A Kamal
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia 1216, Bangladesh
- Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee place, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, Australia
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Neto A, Fernandes A, Barateiro A. The complex relationship between obesity and neurodegenerative diseases: an updated review. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1294420. [PMID: 38026693 PMCID: PMC10665538 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1294420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global epidemic, affecting roughly 30% of the world's population and predicted to rise. This disease results from genetic, behavioral, societal, and environmental factors, leading to excessive fat accumulation, due to insufficient energy expenditure. The adipose tissue, once seen as a simple storage depot, is now recognized as a complex organ with various functions, including hormone regulation and modulation of metabolism, inflammation, and homeostasis. Obesity is associated with a low-grade inflammatory state and has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's (AD), and Parkinson's (PD). Mechanistically, reduced adipose expandability leads to hypertrophic adipocytes, triggering inflammation, insulin and leptin resistance, blood-brain barrier disruption, altered brain metabolism, neuronal inflammation, brain atrophy, and cognitive decline. Obesity impacts neurodegenerative disorders through shared underlying mechanisms, underscoring its potential as a modifiable risk factor for these diseases. Nevertheless, further research is needed to fully grasp the intricate connections between obesity and neurodegeneration. Collaborative efforts in this field hold promise for innovative strategies to address this complex relationship and develop effective prevention and treatment methods, which also includes specific diets and physical activities, ultimately improving quality of life and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Neto
- Central Nervous System, Blood and Peripheral Inflammation, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Adelaide Fernandes
- Central Nervous System, Blood and Peripheral Inflammation, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andreia Barateiro
- Central Nervous System, Blood and Peripheral Inflammation, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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8
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Mohamadzadeh O, Hajinouri M, Moammer F, Tamehri Zadeh SS, Omid Shafiei G, Jafari A, Ostadian A, Talaei Zavareh SA, Hamblin MR, Yazdi AJ, Sheida A, Mirzaei H. Non-coding RNAs and Exosomal Non-coding RNAs in Traumatic Brain Injury: the Small Player with Big Actions. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:4064-4083. [PMID: 37020123 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03321-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, there is an increasing concern regarding traumatic brain injury (TBI) worldwide since substantial morbidity is observed after it, and the long-term consequences that are not yet fully recognized. A number of cellular pathways related to the secondary injury in brain have been identified, including free radical production (owing to mitochondrial dysfunction), excitotoxicity (regulated by excitatory neurotransmitters), apoptosis, and neuroinflammatory responses (as a result of activation of the immune system and central nervous system). In this context, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) maintain a fundamental contribution to post-transcriptional regulation. It has been shown that mammalian brains express high levels of ncRNAs that are involved in several brain physiological processes. Furthermore, altered levels of ncRNA expression have been found in those with traumatic as well non-traumatic brain injuries. The current review highlights the primary molecular mechanisms participated in TBI that describes the latest and novel results about changes and role of ncRNAs in TBI in both clinical and experimental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Mohamadzadeh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsasadat Hajinouri
- Department of Psychiatry, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Moammer
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | | | - Ameneh Jafari
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product (ATMP) Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirreza Ostadian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | | | - Amirhossein Sheida
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Fu WY, Ip NY. The role of genetic risk factors of Alzheimer's disease in synaptic dysfunction. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 139:3-12. [PMID: 35918217 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive deterioration of cognitive functions. Due to the extended global life expectancy, the prevalence of AD is increasing among aging populations worldwide. While AD is a multifactorial disease, synaptic dysfunction is one of the major neuropathological changes that occur early in AD, before clinical symptoms appear, and is associated with the progression of cognitive deterioration. However, the underlying pathological mechanisms leading to this synaptic dysfunction remains unclear. Recent large-scale genomic analyses have identified more than 40 genetic risk factors that are associated with AD. In this review, we discuss the functional roles of these genes in synaptogenesis and synaptic functions under physiological conditions, and how their functions are dysregulated in AD. This will provide insights into the contributions of these encoded proteins to synaptic dysfunction during AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Yu Fu
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nancy Y Ip
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China.
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10
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Sumi T, Harada K. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-dependent and NMDA receptor-dependent LTP and LTD share the common AMPAR trafficking pathway. iScience 2023; 26:106133. [PMID: 36866246 PMCID: PMC9972575 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The forebrain cholinergic system promotes higher brain function in part by signaling through the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR). Long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) of excitatory synaptic transmission in the hippocampus are also induced by mAChR. An AMPA receptor (AMPAR) trafficking model for hippocampal neurons has been proposed to simulate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-dependent synaptic plasticity in the early phase. In this study, we demonstrated the validity of the hypothesis that the mAChR-dependent LTP/LTD shares a common AMPAR trafficking pathway associated with NMDAR-dependent LTP/LTD. However, unlike NMDAR, Ca2+ influx into the spine cytosol occurs owing to the Ca2+ stored inside the ER and is induced via the activation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors during M1 mAChR activation. Moreover, the AMPAR trafficking model implies that alterations in LTP and LTD observed in Alzheimer's disease could be attributed to age-dependent reductions in AMPAR expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonari Sumi
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Corresponding author
| | - Kouji Harada
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan
- Center for IT-Based Education, Toyohashi University of Technology, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, 441-8580, Japan
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11
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Deletion of UCP1 in Tg2576 Mice Increases Body Temperature and Exacerbates Alzheimer's Disease-Related Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032741. [PMID: 36769062 PMCID: PMC9917061 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that the Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like model mice, Tg2576, housed at a high ambient temperature of 30 °C for 13 months, exhibited increased body temperature, which increased amyloid-β (Aβ) levels and tau stability, leading to tau phosphorylation and ultimately inducing memory impairment. Here, we aimed to exclude the possible effect of environmental factors associated with the difference in ambient temperature (23 °C vs. 30 °C) and to further clarify the effects of elevated body temperature on AD-like pathologies. We generated uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) deletion in Tg2576 mice, Tg2576/UCP1-/-, because UCP1 deletion mice show a sustained rise in body temperature at normal room temperature. As expected, the body temperature in Tg2576/UCP1-/- mice was higher than that in Tg2576/ UCP1+/+ mice at 23 °C, which was accompanied by upregulated Aβ levels due to increased β-secretase (BACE1) and decreased neprilysin (NEP) protein levels in the brains of Tg2576/UCP1-/- mice compared with those in the Tg2576/ UCP1+/+ mice. Elevated body temperature also increased total tau levels, leading to enhanced phosphorylation, heat shock protein induction, and activated tau kinases. Furthermore, elevated body temperature enhanced glial activation and decreased synaptic protein levels in the brain. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that elevated body temperatures exacerbate AD-like pathologies.
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Weible AP, Wehr M. Amyloid Pathology in the Central Auditory Pathway of 5XFAD Mice Appears First in Auditory Cortex. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 89:1385-1402. [PMID: 36031901 PMCID: PMC10097438 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Effective treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) will hinge on early detection. This has led to the search for early biomarkers that use non-invasive testing. One possible early biomarker is auditory temporal processing deficits, which reflect central auditory pathway dysfunction and precede cognitive and memory declines in AD. Gap detection is a measure of auditory temporal processing, is impaired in human AD, and is also impaired in the 5XFAD mouse model of AD. Gap detection deficits appear as early as postnatal day 60 in 5XFAD mice, months before cognitive deficits or cell death, supporting gap detection as an early biomarker. However, it remains unclear how gap detection deficits relate to the progression of amyloid pathology in the auditory system. Objective: To determine the progression of amyloid pathology throughout the central auditory system and across age in 5XFAD mice. Methods: We quantified intracellular and extracellular antibody labelling of Aβ 42 in 6 regions of the central auditory system from p14 to p150. Results: Pathology appeared first in primary auditory cortex (A1) as intracellular accumulation of Aβ 42 in layer 5 pyramidal neurons by age p21. Extracellular plaques appeared later, by age p90, in A1, medial geniculate body, and inferior colliculus. Auditory brainstem structures showed minimal amyloid pathology. We also observed pathology in the caudal pontine reticular nucleus, a brainstem structure that is outside of the central auditory pathway but which is involved in the acoustic startle reflex. Conclusion: These results suggest that Aβ 42 accumulation, but not plaques, may impair gap detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldis P. Weible
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Michael Wehr
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
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13
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Abdelhamid M, Zhou C, Jung CG, Michikawa M. Probiotic Bifidobacterium breve MCC1274 Mitigates Alzheimer's Disease-Related Pathologies in Wild-Type Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122543. [PMID: 35745273 PMCID: PMC9231139 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics improve brain function, including memory and cognition, via the microbiome–gut–brain axis. Oral administration of Bifidobacterium breve MCC1274 (B. breve MCC1274) improves cognitive function in AppNL-G-F mice and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects, and mitigates Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-like pathologies. However, its effects on wild-type (WT) mice have not yet been explored. Thus, the effects of B. breve MCC1274 on AD-like pathologies in two-month-old WT mice were investigated, which were orally administered B. breve MCC1274 for four months. Aβ levels, amyloid precursor protein (APP), APP processing enzymes, phosphorylated tau, synaptic protein levels, glial activity, and cell proliferation in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus were evaluated. Data analysis was performed using Student’s t-test, and normality was tested using the Shapiro–Wilk test. Oral administration of B. breve MCC1274 in WT mice decreased soluble hippocampal Aβ42 levels by reducing presenilin1 protein levels, and reduced phosphorylated tau levels. It also activated the protein kinase B (Akt)/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) pathway, which may be responsible for the reduction in presenilin1 levels and inhibition of tau phosphorylation. B. breve MCC1274 supplementation attenuated microglial activation and elevated synaptic protein levels in the hippocampus. These findings suggest that B. breve MCC1274 may mitigate AD-like pathologies in WT mice by decreasing Aβ42 levels, inhibiting tau phosphorylation, attenuating neuroinflammation, and improving synaptic protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cha-Gyun Jung
- Correspondence: (C.-G.J.); (M.M.); Tel.: +81-52-853-8141 (C.-G.J. & M.M.); Fax: +81-52-841-3480 (C.-G.J. & M.M.)
| | - Makoto Michikawa
- Correspondence: (C.-G.J.); (M.M.); Tel.: +81-52-853-8141 (C.-G.J. & M.M.); Fax: +81-52-841-3480 (C.-G.J. & M.M.)
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Expression of the Adenosine A2A-A3 Receptor Heteromer in Different Brain Regions and Marked Upregulation in the Microglia of the Transgenic APPSw,Ind Alzheimer’s Disease Model. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020214. [PMID: 35203424 PMCID: PMC8869194 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine (Ado) receptors have been instrumental in the detection of heteromers and other higher-order receptor structures, mainly via interactions with other cell surface G-protein-coupled receptors. Apart from the first report of the A1 Ado receptor interacting with the A2A Ado receptor, there has been more recent data on the possibility that every Ado receptor type, A1, A2A, A2B, and A3, may interact with each other. The aim of this paper was to look for the expression and function of the A2A/A3 receptor heteromer (A2AA3Het) in neurons and microglia. In situ proximity ligation assays (PLA), performed in primary cells, showed that A2AA3Het expression was markedly higher in striatal than in cortical and hippocampal neurons, whereas it was similar in resting and activated microglia. Signaling assays demonstrated that the effect of the A2AR agonist, PSB 777, was reduced in the presence of the A3R agonist, 2-Cl-IB-MECA, whereas the effect of the A3R agonist was potentiated by the A2AR antagonist, SCH 58261. Interestingly, the expression of the heteromer was markedly enhanced in microglia from the APPSw,Ind model of Alzheimer’s disease. The functionality of the heteromer in primary microglia from APPSw,Ind mice was more similar to that found in resting microglia from control mice.
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15
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Lan Z, Chen Y, Jin J, Xu Y, Zhu X. Long Non-coding RNA: Insight Into Mechanisms of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 14:821002. [PMID: 35095418 PMCID: PMC8795976 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.821002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder, is the most common cause of dementia accounting for an estimated 60–80% of cases. The pathogenesis of AD remains unclear, and no curative treatment is available so far. Increasing evidence has revealed a vital role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), especially long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), in AD. LncRNAs contribute to the pathogenesis of AD via modulating amyloid production, Tau hyperphosphorylation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, synaptic impairment and neuroinflammation. This review describes the biological functions and mechanisms of lncRNAs in AD, indicating that lncRNAs may provide potential therapeutic targets for the diagnosis and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Lan
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanting Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiali Jin
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaolei Zhu
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16
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Cai S, Huang K, Yang F, Wang X, Wu S, Wang Y, Huang L. Cortical Thickness Differences Are Associated With Chemical Synaptic Transmission Upregulated Genes in Degeneration of Mild Cognitive Impairment. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:745381. [PMID: 34776930 PMCID: PMC8585991 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.745381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a transition between normal cognition (NC) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Differences in cortical thickness (ΔCT) have been reported in cases that degenerate from MCI to AD. The aspects of genetic and transcriptional variation related to ΔCT are vague. In this study, using an 8-year longitudinal follow-up outcome, we investigated the genetic correlates of ΔCT in MCI subjects with degeneration from MCI to AD (MCI_AD). We employed partial least squares regression (PLSR) on brain T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images of 180 participants [143 stable MCI (MCI_S) participants and 37 MCI_AD participants] and brain gene expression data from the Allen Institute for Brain Science (AIBS) database to investigate genes associated with ΔCT. We found that upregulated PLS component 1 ΔCT-related genes were enriched in chemical synaptic transmission. To verify the robustness and specificity of the results, we conducted PLSR analysis invalidation and specificity datasets and performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis instead of PLSR for the above three datasets. We also used gene expression data in the brain prefrontal cortex from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to indirectly validate the robustness and specificity of our results. We conclude that transcriptionally upregulated genes involved in chemical synaptic transmission are strongly related to global ΔCT in MCI patients who experience degeneration from MCI to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suping Cai
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kexin Huang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuwen Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sijia Wu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yubo Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liyu Huang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
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17
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Li D, Zhang J, Li X, Chen Y, Yu F, Liu Q. Insights into lncRNAs in Alzheimer's disease mechanisms. RNA Biol 2021; 18:1037-1047. [PMID: 32605500 PMCID: PMC8216181 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1788848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common dementia among the elderly. The pathophysiology of AD is characterized by two hallmarks: amyloid plaques, produced by amyloid β (Aβ) aggregation, and neurofibrillary tangle (NFT), produced by accumulation of phosphorylated tau. The regulatory roles of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), particularly long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), have been widely recognized in gene expression at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Mounting evidence shows that lncRNAs are aberrantly expressed in AD progression. Here, we review the lncRNAs that implicated in the regulation of Aβ peptide, tau, inflammation, cell death, and other aspects which are the main mechanisms of AD pathology. We also discuss the possible clinical or therapeutic utility of lncRNA detection or targeting to help diagnose or possibly combat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingfeng Li
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yuhua Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Feng Yu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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18
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López-Ortiz S, Pinto-Fraga J, Valenzuela PL, Martín-Hernández J, Seisdedos MM, García-López O, Toschi N, Di Giuliano F, Garaci F, Mercuri NB, Nisticò R, Emanuele E, Lista S, Lucia A, Santos-Lozano A. Physical Exercise and Alzheimer's Disease: Effects on Pathophysiological Molecular Pathways of the Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062897. [PMID: 33809300 PMCID: PMC7999827 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of neurodegenerative dementia in adults worldwide, is a multifactorial and heterogeneous disorder characterized by the interaction of genetic and epigenetic factors and the dysregulation of numerous intracellular signaling and cellular/molecular pathways. The introduction of the systems biology framework is revolutionizing the study of complex diseases by allowing the identification and integration of cellular/molecular pathways and networks of interaction. Here, we reviewed the relationship between physical activity and the next pathophysiological processes involved in the risk of developing AD, based on some crucial molecular pathways and biological process dysregulated in AD: (1) Immune system and inflammation; (2) Endothelial function and cerebrovascular insufficiency; (3) Apoptosis and cell death; (4) Intercellular communication; (5) Metabolism, oxidative stress and neurotoxicity; (6) DNA damage and repair; (7) Cytoskeleton and membrane proteins; (8) Synaptic plasticity. Moreover, we highlighted the increasingly relevant role played by advanced neuroimaging technologies, including structural/functional magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, and arterial spin labelling, in exploring the link between AD and physical exercise. Regular physical exercise seems to have a protective effect against AD by inhibiting different pathophysiological molecular pathways implicated in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana López-Ortiz
- i+HeALTH Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, European University Miguel de Cervantes, 47012 Valladolid, Spain; (S.L.-O.); (J.P.-F.); (J.M.-H.); (M.M.S.); (A.S.-L.)
| | - Jose Pinto-Fraga
- i+HeALTH Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, European University Miguel de Cervantes, 47012 Valladolid, Spain; (S.L.-O.); (J.P.-F.); (J.M.-H.); (M.M.S.); (A.S.-L.)
| | - Pedro L. Valenzuela
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (P.L.V.); (O.G.-L.); (S.L.)
| | - Juan Martín-Hernández
- i+HeALTH Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, European University Miguel de Cervantes, 47012 Valladolid, Spain; (S.L.-O.); (J.P.-F.); (J.M.-H.); (M.M.S.); (A.S.-L.)
| | - María M. Seisdedos
- i+HeALTH Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, European University Miguel de Cervantes, 47012 Valladolid, Spain; (S.L.-O.); (J.P.-F.); (J.M.-H.); (M.M.S.); (A.S.-L.)
| | - Oscar García-López
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (P.L.V.); (O.G.-L.); (S.L.)
| | - Nicola Toschi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (N.T.); (F.G.)
- Department of Radiology, “Athinoula A. Martinos” Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Francesca Di Giuliano
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco Garaci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (N.T.); (F.G.)
- Casa di Cura “San Raffaele Cassino”, 03043 Cassino, Italy
| | - Nicola Biagio Mercuri
- Department of Experimental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Robert Nisticò
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Synaptic Plasticity, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, 00161 Rome, Italy;
- School of Pharmacy, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Simone Lista
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (P.L.V.); (O.G.-L.); (S.L.)
- School of Pharmacy, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (P.L.V.); (O.G.-L.); (S.L.)
- Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre (“imas12”), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomeédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Alejandro Santos-Lozano
- i+HeALTH Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, European University Miguel de Cervantes, 47012 Valladolid, Spain; (S.L.-O.); (J.P.-F.); (J.M.-H.); (M.M.S.); (A.S.-L.)
- Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre (“imas12”), 28041 Madrid, Spain
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Is γ-secretase a beneficial inactivating enzyme of the toxic APP C-terminal fragment C99? J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100489. [PMID: 33662398 PMCID: PMC8027268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic, biochemical, and anatomical grounds led to the proposal of the amyloid cascade hypothesis centered on the accumulation of amyloid beta peptides (Aβ) to explain Alzheimer's disease (AD) etiology. In this context, a bulk of efforts have aimed at developing therapeutic strategies seeking to reduce Aβ levels, either by blocking its production (γ- and β-secretase inhibitors) or by neutralizing it once formed (Aβ-directed immunotherapies). However, so far the vast majority of, if not all, clinical trials based on these strategies have failed, since they have not been able to restore cognitive function in AD patients, and even in many cases, they have worsened the clinical picture. We here propose that AD could be more complex than a simple Aβ-linked pathology and discuss the possibility that a way to reconcile undoubted genetic evidences linking processing of APP to AD and a consistent failure of Aβ-based clinical trials could be to envision the pathological contribution of the direct precursor of Aβ, the β-secretase-derived C-terminal fragment of APP, βCTF, also referred to as C99. In this review, we summarize scientific evidences pointing to C99 as an early contributor to AD and postulate that γ-secretase should be considered as not only an Aβ-generating protease, but also a beneficial C99-inactivating enzyme. In that sense, we discuss the limitations of molecules targeting γ-secretase and propose alternative strategies seeking to reduce C99 levels by other means and notably by enhancing its lysosomal degradation.
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Piccioni G, Mango D, Saidi A, Corbo M, Nisticò R. Targeting Microglia-Synapse Interactions in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052342. [PMID: 33652870 PMCID: PMC7956551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we focus on the emerging roles of microglia in the brain, with particular attention to synaptic plasticity in health and disease. We present evidence that ramified microglia, classically believed to be "resting" (i.e., inactive), are instead strongly implicated in dynamic and plastic processes. Indeed, there is an intimate relationship between microglia and neurons at synapses which modulates activity-dependent functional and structural plasticity through the release of cytokines and growth factors. These roles are indispensable to brain development and cognitive function. Therefore, approaches aimed at maintaining the ramified state of microglia might be critical to ensure normal synaptic plasticity and cognition. On the other hand, inflammatory signals associated with Alzheimer's disease are able to modify the ramified morphology of microglia, thus leading to synapse loss and dysfunction, as well as cognitive impairment. In this context, we highlight microglial TREM2 and CSF1R as emerging targets for disease-modifying therapy in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Piccioni
- Laboratory Pharmacology of Synaptic Plasticity, European Brain Research Institute, 00161 Rome, Italy; (D.M.); (A.S.)
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V.Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.P.); (R.N.)
| | - Dalila Mango
- Laboratory Pharmacology of Synaptic Plasticity, European Brain Research Institute, 00161 Rome, Italy; (D.M.); (A.S.)
- School of Pharmacy, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Amira Saidi
- Laboratory Pharmacology of Synaptic Plasticity, European Brain Research Institute, 00161 Rome, Italy; (D.M.); (A.S.)
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V.Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Corbo
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa Cura Policlinico, 20144 Milan, Italy;
| | - Robert Nisticò
- Laboratory Pharmacology of Synaptic Plasticity, European Brain Research Institute, 00161 Rome, Italy; (D.M.); (A.S.)
- School of Pharmacy, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.P.); (R.N.)
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21
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L-3-n-Butylphthalide improves synaptic and dendritic spine plasticity and ameliorates neurite pathology in Alzheimer's disease mouse model and cultured hippocampal neurons. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 58:1260-1274. [PMID: 33146400 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02183-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia among elderly people. Despite enormous efforts, the pathogenesis of AD still remains unclear and no drug has yet been proved to be disease-modifying. As the basis of learning and memory, the plasticity of synapse and dendritic spine has been impaired during AD progression. Previous studies have showed a protective effect of L-3-n-butylphthalide (L-NBP) on cognitive deficits in AD, we wonder whether this protective effect is associated with positive alterations on synapse and dendritic spines. In this study, we first of all confirmed the anti-dementia effect of L-NBP in 13-month-old APP/PS1 mice, and then investigated the alterations in synaptic and dendritic spine plasticity due to L-NBP treatment both in vivo and in vitro. We also conducted preliminary studies and found the possible mechanisms related to the inhibition of over-activated complement cascade and the remodeling of actin cytoskeleton. Besides, we also found extra benefits of L-NBP on presynaptic dystrophic neurites and attempted to give explanations from the view of autophagy regulation. Taken together, our study added some new evidence to the application of L-NBP in AD treatment and provided deeper insight into the relevant mechanisms for future study.
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22
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González A, Guzmán-Martínez L, Maccioni RB. Plasma Tau Variants Detected by a Novel Anti-Tau Monoclonal Antibody: A Potential Biomarker for Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 77:877-883. [PMID: 32741827 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major drawback in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the lack of validated biomarkers for routine clinical diagnostic. We have reported earlier a novel blood biomarker, named Alz-tau®, based on variants of platelet tau. This marker evaluates the ratio of high molecular weight tau (HMWtau) and the low molecular weight (LMWtau) tau. OBJECTIVE To analyze a potential novel source of antigen for Alz-tau®, plasma tau, detected by immunoreactivity with the novel monoclonal antibody, tau51. METHODS We evaluated tau variants in plasma precipitated with ammonium sulfate from 36 AD patients and 15 control subjects by western blot with this novel monoclonal antibody. RESULTS The HMW/LMWtau ratio was statistically different between AD patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS Plasma tau variants are suitable to be considered as a novel antigen source for the Alz-tau® biomarker for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea González
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Functional Medicine, International Center for Biomedicine (ICC) and Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonardo Guzmán-Martínez
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Functional Medicine, International Center for Biomedicine (ICC) and Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo B Maccioni
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Functional Medicine, International Center for Biomedicine (ICC) and Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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23
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Corsetti V, Borreca A, Latina V, Giacovazzo G, Pignataro A, Krashia P, Natale F, Cocco S, Rinaudo M, Malerba F, Florio R, Ciarapica R, Coccurello R, D’Amelio M, Ammassari-Teule M, Grassi C, Calissano P, Amadoro G. Passive immunotherapy for N-truncated tau ameliorates the cognitive deficits in two mouse Alzheimer's disease models. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa039. [PMID: 32954296 PMCID: PMC7425324 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and neuropathological studies have shown that tau pathology better correlates with the severity of dementia than amyloid plaque burden, making tau an attractive target for the cure of Alzheimer's disease. We have explored whether passive immunization with the 12A12 monoclonal antibody (26-36aa of tau protein) could improve the Alzheimer's disease phenotype of two well-established mouse models, Tg2576 and 3xTg mice. 12A12 is a cleavage-specific monoclonal antibody which selectively binds the pathologically relevant neurotoxic NH226-230 fragment (i.e. NH2htau) of tau protein without cross-reacting with its full-length physiological form(s). We found out that intravenous administration of 12A12 monoclonal antibody into symptomatic (6 months old) animals: (i) reaches the hippocampus in its biologically active (antigen-binding competent) form and successfully neutralizes its target; (ii) reduces both pathological tau and amyloid precursor protein/amyloidβ metabolisms involved in early disease-associated synaptic deterioration; (iii) improves episodic-like type of learning/memory skills in hippocampal-based novel object recognition and object place recognition behavioural tasks; (iv) restores the specific up-regulation of the activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein involved in consolidation of experience-dependent synaptic plasticity; (v) relieves the loss of dendritic spine connectivity in pyramidal hippocampal CA1 neurons; (vi) rescues the Alzheimer's disease-related electrophysiological deficits in hippocampal long-term potentiation at the CA3-CA1 synapses; and (vii) mitigates the neuroinflammatory response (reactive gliosis). These findings indicate that the 20-22 kDa NH2-terminal tau fragment is crucial target for Alzheimer's disease therapy and prospect immunotherapy with 12A12 monoclonal antibody as safe (normal tau-preserving), beneficial approach in contrasting the early Amyloidβ-dependent and independent neuropathological and cognitive alterations in affected subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonella Borreca
- Humanitas University Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Pathology, Neuro Center, 20089 Milan, Italy
- Institute of Neuroscience, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Paraskevi Krashia
- IRCSS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Department of Science and Technology for Humans and Environment, University Campus Bio-medico, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Natale
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Cocco
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Rinaudo
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Rita Florio
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Coccurello
- IRCSS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy
- Institute for Complex Systems (ISC), CNR, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello D’Amelio
- IRCSS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Department of Science and Technology for Humans and Environment, University Campus Bio-medico, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Grassi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppina Amadoro
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), 00161 Rome, Italy
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT)–National Research Council (CNR), 00133 Rome, Italy
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24
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Dhakal S, Kushairi N, Phan CW, Adhikari B, Sabaratnam V, Macreadie I. Dietary Polyphenols: A Multifactorial Strategy to Target Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5090. [PMID: 31615073 PMCID: PMC6834216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageing is an inevitable fundamental process for people and is their greatest risk factor for neurodegenerative disease. The ageing processes bring changes in cells that can drive the organisms to experience loss of nutrient sensing, disrupted cellular functions, increased oxidative stress, loss of cellular homeostasis, genomic instability, accumulation of misfolded protein, impaired cellular defenses and telomere shortening. Perturbation of these vital cellular processes in neuronal cells can lead to life threatening neurological disorders like Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, Huntington's Disease, Lewy body dementia, etc. Alzheimer's Disease is the most frequent cause of deaths in the elderly population. Various therapeutic molecules have been designed to overcome the social, economic and health care burden caused by Alzheimer's Disease. Almost all the chemical compounds in clinical practice have been found to treat symptoms only limiting them to palliative care. The reason behind such imperfect drugs may result from the inefficiencies of the current drugs to target the cause of the disease. Here, we review the potential role of antioxidant polyphenolic compounds that could possibly be the most effective preventative strategy against Alzheimer's Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Dhakal
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.
| | - Naufal Kushairi
- Mushroom Research Centre, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Chia Wei Phan
- Mushroom Research Centre, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Benu Adhikari
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.
| | - Vikineswary Sabaratnam
- Mushroom Research Centre, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Ian Macreadie
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.
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25
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Caruso A, Nicoletti F, Gaetano A, Scaccianoce S. Risk Factors for Alzheimer's Disease: Focus on Stress. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:976. [PMID: 31551781 PMCID: PMC6746823 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In vulnerable individuals, chronic and persistent stress is an established risk factor for disorders that are comorbid with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), such as hypertension, obesity and metabolic syndrome, and psychiatric disorders. There are no disease-modifying drugs in the treatment of AD, and all phase-3 clinical trials with anti-amyloid drugs (e.g., β- or γ-secretase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies) did not meet the primary endpoints. There are many reasons for the lack of efficacy of anti-amyloid drugs in AD, the most likely being a late start of treatment, considering that pathophysiological mechanisms underlying synaptic dysfunction and neuronal death begin several decades before the clinical onset of AD. The identification of risk factors is, therefore, an essential step for early treatment of AD with candidate disease-modifying drugs. Preclinical studies suggest that stress, and the resulting activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, can induce biochemical abnormalities reminiscent to those found in autoptic brain samples from individuals affected by AD (e.g., increases amyloid precursor protein and tau hyperphosphorylation). In this review, we will critically analyze the current knowledge supporting stress as a potential risk factor for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Caruso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.,Neuropharmacology Research Unit, I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gaetano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Scaccianoce
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
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26
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Mango D, Saidi A, Cisale GY, Feligioni M, Corbo M, Nisticò R. Targeting Synaptic Plasticity in Experimental Models of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:778. [PMID: 31379566 PMCID: PMC6646937 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) of hippocampal synaptic transmission represent the principal experimental models underlying learning and memory. Alterations of synaptic plasticity are observed in several neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Indeed, synaptic dysfunction is an early event in AD, making it an attractive therapeutic target for pharmaceutical intervention. To date, intensive investigations have characterized hippocampal synaptic transmission, LTP, and LTD in in vitro and in murine models of AD. In this review, we describe the synaptic alterations across the main AD models generated so far. We then examine the clinical perspective of LTP/LTD studies and discuss the limitations of non-clinical models and how to improve their predictive validity in the drug discovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Mango
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Amira Saidi
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Giusy Ylenia Cisale
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Feligioni
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa Cura Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Corbo
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa Cura Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Robert Nisticò
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Rome, Italy.,School of Pharmacy, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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27
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Hampel H, Lista S, Mango D, Nisticò R, Perry G, Avila J, Hernandez F, Geerts H, Vergallo A. Lithium as a Treatment for Alzheimer’s Disease: The Systems Pharmacology Perspective. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 69:615-629. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-190197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harald Hampel
- Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Simone Lista
- Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France
- Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France
- Institute of Memory and Alzheimer’s Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Dalila Mango
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, European Brain Research Institute, Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Robert Nisticò
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, European Brain Research Institute, Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - George Perry
- College of Sciences, One UTSA Circle, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jesus Avila
- Centro de Biologia Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones, Cientificas, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, C/ Nicolas Cabrera, 1. Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative, Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Felix Hernandez
- Centro de Biologia Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones, Cientificas, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, C/ Nicolas Cabrera, 1. Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative, Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hugo Geerts
- In silico Biosciences, Computational Neuropharmacology, Berwyn, PA, USA
| | - Andrea Vergallo
- Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France
- Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France
- Institute of Memory and Alzheimer’s Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France
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28
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Xu Y, Wei H, Wang J, Wang W, Gao J. Synthesis of andrographolide analogues and their neuroprotection and neurite outgrowth-promoting activities. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:2209-2219. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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29
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Lauritzen I, Pardossi-Piquard R, Bourgeois A, Bécot A, Checler F. Does Intraneuronal Accumulation of Carboxyl-terminal Fragments of the Amyloid Precursor Protein Trigger Early Neurotoxicity in Alzheimer’s Disease? Curr Alzheimer Res 2019; 16:453-457. [DOI: 10.2174/1567205016666190325092841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with extracellular accumulation and
aggregation of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides ultimately seeding in senile plaques. Recent data show that their
direct precursor C99 (βCTF) also accumulates in AD-affected brain as well as in AD-like mouse models.
C99 is consistently detected much earlier than Aβ, suggesting that this metabolite could be an early
contributor to AD pathology. C99 accumulates principally within endolysosomal and autophagic structures
and its accumulation was described as both a consequence and one of the causes of endolysosomalautophagic
pathology, the occurrence of which has been documented as an early defect in AD. C99 was
also accompanied by C99-derived C83 (αCTF) accumulation occurring within the same intracellular
organelles. Both these CTFs were found to dimerize leading to the generation of higher molecular
weight CTFs, which were immunohistochemically characterized in situ by means of aggregate-specific
antibodies.
Discussion:
Here, we discuss studies demonstrating a direct link between the accumulation of C99 and
C99-derived APP-CTFs and early neurotoxicity. We discuss the role of C99 in endosomal-lysosomalautophagic
dysfunction, neuroinflammation, early brain network alterations and synaptic dysfunction as
well as in memory-related behavioral alterations, in triple transgenic mice as well as in newly developed
AD animal models.
Conclusion:
This review summarizes current evidence suggesting a potential role of the β -secretasederived
APP C-terminal fragment C99 in Alzheimer’s disease etiology
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Lauritzen
- IPMC, UMR7275 CNRS/UNS, Laboratory of Excellence DistALZ, 660 route des Lucioles, 0660 Valbonne, France
| | - R. Pardossi-Piquard
- IPMC, UMR7275 CNRS/UNS, Laboratory of Excellence DistALZ, 660 route des Lucioles, 0660 Valbonne, France
| | - A. Bourgeois
- IPMC, UMR7275 CNRS/UNS, Laboratory of Excellence DistALZ, 660 route des Lucioles, 0660 Valbonne, France
| | - A. Bécot
- IPMC, UMR7275 CNRS/UNS, Laboratory of Excellence DistALZ, 660 route des Lucioles, 0660 Valbonne, France
| | - F. Checler
- IPMC, UMR7275 CNRS/UNS, Laboratory of Excellence DistALZ, 660 route des Lucioles, 0660 Valbonne, France
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30
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Lin YC, Wang YP. Status of Noninvasive Brain Stimulation in the Therapy of Alzheimer's Disease. Chin Med J (Engl) 2019; 131:2899-2903. [PMID: 30539900 PMCID: PMC6302656 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.247217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Cong Lin
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yu-Ping Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing 100053; Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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31
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Guzmán-Martínez L, Tapia JP, Farías GA, González A, Estrella M, Maccioni RB. The Alz-tau Biomarker for Alzheimer's Disease: Study in a Caucasian Population. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 67:1181-1186. [PMID: 30775977 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of a molecular biomarker for early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is critical for diagnosis and follow up of patients, and as a quantitative parameter in the evaluation of potential new drugs to control AD. A list of blood biomarkers has been reported but none has been validated for the Alzheimer's clinic. The changes in hyperphosphorylated tau and amyloid peptide in the cerebrospinal fluid is currently used as a tool in the clinics and for research purposes, but this method is highly invasive. Recently, we reported a non-invasive and reliable blood biomarker that correlates the increase in the ratio of heavy tau (HMWtau) and the low molecular weight tau (LMWtau) in human platelets and the decrease in the brain volume as measured by structural MRI. This molecular marker has been named Alz-tau®. Beyond the clinical trials developed with a Latin American population, the present study focuses on an evaluation of this biomarker in a Caucasian population. We examined 36 AD patients and 15 cognitively normal subjects recruited in Barcelona, Spain. Tau levels in platelets were determined by immunoreactivity and the cognitive status by using GDS and MMSE neuropsychological tests. The HMW/LMW tau ratio was statistically different between controls and AD patients. A high correlation was found between the increase in MMSE scores and HMW/LMW tau ratio. This study showed that this ratio is significantly higher in AD patients than controls. Moreover, this study on a peripheral marker of AD is valuable to understanding the AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Guzmán-Martínez
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, International Center for Biomedicine (ICC) and Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Pablo Tapia
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, International Center for Biomedicine (ICC) and Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gonzalo A Farías
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea González
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, International Center for Biomedicine (ICC) and Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Matías Estrella
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, International Center for Biomedicine (ICC) and Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo B Maccioni
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, International Center for Biomedicine (ICC) and Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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32
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Hesperetin Confers Neuroprotection by Regulating Nrf2/TLR4/NF-κB Signaling in an Aβ Mouse Model. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:6293-6309. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1512-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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33
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Song Y, Hu M, Zhang J, Teng ZQ, Chen C. A novel mechanism of synaptic and cognitive impairments mediated via microRNA-30b in Alzheimer's disease. EBioMedicine 2019; 39:409-421. [PMID: 30522932 PMCID: PMC6354659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is widely accepted that cognitive and memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD) primarily result from synaptic failure. However, the mechanisms that underlie synaptic and cognitive dysfunction remain unclear. METHODS We utilized molecular biology techniques, electrophysiological recordings, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), immuno- and Golgi-staining, chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP); lentivirus (LV)-based microRNA overexpression and 'sponging', and behavioral tests to assess upregulated miR-30b causing synaptic and cognitive declines in APP transgenic (TG) mice. FINDINGS We provide evidence that expression of miR-30b, which targets molecules important for maintaining synaptic integrity, including ephrin type-B receptor 2 (ephB2), sirtuin1 (sirt1), and glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 2 (GluA2), is robustly upregulated in the brains of both AD patients and APP transgenic (TG) mice, an animal model of AD, while expression of its targets is significantly downregulated. Overexpression of miR-30b in the hippocampus of normal wild-type (WT) mice impairs synaptic and cognitive functions, mimicking those seen in TG mice. Conversely, knockdown of endogenous miR-30b in TG mice prevents synaptic and cognitive decline. We further observed that expression of miR-30b is upregulated by proinflammatory cytokines and Aβ42 through NF-κB signaling. INTERPRETATION Our results provide a previously undefined mechanism by which unregulated miR-30b causes synaptic and cognitive dysfunction in AD, suggesting that reversal of dysregulated miR-30b in the brain may prevent or slow cognitive declines in AD. FUND: This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants R01NS076815, R01MH113535, R01AG058621, P30GM103340 Pilot Project, and by the LSUHSC School of Medicine Research Enhancement Program grant (to C.C.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunping Song
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Mei Hu
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Jian Zhang
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Zhao-Qian Teng
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Chu Chen
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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The Role of Long Noncoding RNAs in Diabetic Alzheimer's Disease. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7110461. [PMID: 30469430 PMCID: PMC6262561 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7110461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in diverse physiological and pathological processes by modulating gene expression. They have been found to be dysregulated in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neurodegenerative diseases, and are considered promising therapeutic targets for treatment. Among the various neurodegenerative diseases, diabetic Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been recently emerging as an important issue due to several unexpected reports suggesting that metabolic issues in the brain, such as insulin resistance and glucose dysregulation, could be important risk factors for AD. To facilitate understanding of the role of lncRNAs in this field, here we review recent studies on lncRNAs in AD and diabetes, and summarize them with different categories associated with the pathogenesis of the diseases including neurogenesis, synaptic dysfunction, amyloid beta accumulation, neuroinflammation, insulin resistance, and glucose dysregulation. It is essential to understand the role of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of diabetic AD from various perspectives for therapeutic utilization of lncRNAs in the near future.
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35
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Chen Y, Fu AKY, Ip NY. Synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: Mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 195:186-198. [PMID: 30439458 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease in the elderly population, is characterized by progressive cognitive decline and pathological hallmarks of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. However, its pathophysiological mechanisms are poorly understood, and diagnostic tools and interventions are limited. Here, we review recent research on the amyloid hypothesis and beta-amyloid-induced dysfunction of neuronal synapses through distinct cell surface receptors. We also review how tau protein leads to synaptotoxicity through pathological modification, localization, and propagation. Finally, we discuss experimental therapeutics for AD and propose potential applications of disease-modifying strategies targeting synaptic failure for improved treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Amy K Y Fu
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Nancy Y Ip
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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36
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37
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Das RK, Walsh K, Hannaford J, Lazzarino AI, Kamboj SK. Nitrous oxide may interfere with the reconsolidation of drinking memories in hazardous drinkers in a prediction-error-dependent manner. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 28:828-840. [PMID: 29887289 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Weakening drinking-related reward memories by blocking their reconsolidation is a potential novel strategy for treating alcohol use disorders. However, few viable pharmacological options exist for reconsolidation interference in humans. We therefore examined whether the NMDA receptor antagonising gas, Nitrous Oxide (N2O) could reduce drinking by preventing the post-retrieval restabilisation of alcohol memories in a group of hazardous drinkers. Critically, we focussed on whether prediction error (PE; a key determinant of reconsolidation) was experienced at retrieval. Sixty hazardous drinkers were randomised to one of three groups that retrieved alcohol memories either with negative PE (Retrieval + PE), no PE (Retrieval no PE) or non-alcohol memory retrieval with PE (No-retrieval +PE). All participants then inhaled 50% N2O for 30 min. The primary outcome was change in beer consumption and alcohol cue-driven urge to drink from the week preceding manipulation (baseline) to the week following manipulation (test). The manipulation did not affect drinking following the intended retrieval+/- PE conditions However, a manipulation check, using a measure of subjective surprise, revealed that the group-level manipulation did not achieve the intended differences in PE at retrieval. Assessment of outcomes according to whether alcohol-relevant PE was actually experienced at retrieval, showed N2O produced reductions in drinking in a retrieval and PE-dependent fashion. These preliminary findings highlight the importance of directly testing assumptions about memory reactivation procedures in reconsolidation research and suggest that N2O should be further investigated as a potential reconsolidation-blocking agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Das
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, United Kingdom; Educational Psychology, Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London WC1H 0AP, United Kingdom.
| | - K Walsh
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, United Kingdom
| | - J Hannaford
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, United Kingdom
| | - A I Lazzarino
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, United Kingdom
| | - S K Kamboj
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, United Kingdom
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Senova S, Chaillet A, Lozano AM. Fornical Closed-Loop Stimulation for Alzheimer's Disease. Trends Neurosci 2018; 41:418-428. [PMID: 29735372 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological neuromodulation strategies have shown limited efficacy in treating memory deficits related to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite encouraging results from a few preclinical studies, clinical trials investigating open-loop deep brain stimulation (DBS) for AD have not been successful. Recent refinements in understanding the various phases of memory processes, animal studies investigating phase-specific modulation of hippocampal activity during memorization, and clinical studies using closed-loop DBS strategies to treat patients with movement disorders, all point to the need to investigate closed-loop fornical DBS strategies to better understand memory dynamics and potentially treat memory deficits in AD preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhan Senova
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Departments of Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP) Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, 94000 Créteil, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 955, Mondor Institute of Biomedical Research (IMRB), Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris 12, Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), 94010 Créteil, France.
| | - Antoine Chaillet
- Laboratoire des Signaux et Systèmes (L2S), CentraleSupélec, Université Paris Sud, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Saclay, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Junior member of Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Junior member of Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 91192
| | - Andres M Lozano
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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39
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Stress as risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacol Res 2018; 132:130-134. [PMID: 29689315 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged stress predisposes susceptible individuals to a number of physiological disorders including cardiovascular disease, obesity and gastrointestinal disorders, as well as psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Preclinical studies have suggested that manipulation of the glucocorticoid milieu can trigger cellular, molecular and behavioral derangement resembling the hallmarks of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). For example, stress or glucocorticoid administration can increase amyloid ß precursor protein and tau phosphorylation which are involved in synaptic dysfunction and neuronal death associated with AD. Although since AD was first described in 1906 at a conference in Tubingen, Germany by Alois Alzheimer our knowledge of neuropathological and neurochemical alterations of AD has been impressively increased, at present, pharmacotherapy is symptomatic at best and has no influence on the progression of the disorder. It is generally believed that most of the drugs developed as disease modifiers have failed in clinical trials because treatment started too late, i.e., after the clinical onset of AD. Because AD pathology begins several years prior to the clinical diagnosis, it is imperative to identify subjects at high risk to develop the disorder. Consequently, the search for putative risk factors has gained importance. ApoE4, diabetes/metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disorders, and a low cognitive reserve are established risk factors for AD. The focus of this review is on stress and glucocorticoids as potential factors increasing the risk to develop AD.
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Baek H, Ye M, Kang GH, Lee C, Lee G, Choi DB, Jung J, Kim H, Lee S, Kim JS, Lee HJ, Shim I, Lee JH, Bae H. Neuroprotective effects of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in a 3xTg-AD Alzheimer's disease model. Oncotarget 2018; 7:69347-69357. [PMID: 27713140 PMCID: PMC5342482 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease patients display neuropathological lesions, including the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide and neurofibrillary tangles. Although the mechanisms causing the neurodegenerative process are largely unknown, increasing evidence highlights a critical role of immunity in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. In the present study, we investigated the role of regulatory T cells (Tregs) on Alzheimer's disease progression. First, we explored the effect of Tregs (CD4+CD25+ T cells) and Teffs (CD4+CD25− T cells) in an adoptive transfer model. Systemic transplantation of purified Tregs into 3xTg-AD mice improved cognitive function and reduced deposition of Aβ plaques. In contrast, adoptive transfer of Teffs diminished behavioral function and cytokine production. Next, we transiently depleted Treg population using an anti-CD25 antibody (PC61). Depletion of Tregs for four months resulted in a marked aggravation of the spatial learning deficits of six-month-old 3xTg-AD mice. Additionally, it resulted in decreasing glucose metabolism, as assessed by positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-2 fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([F-18] FDG) neuroimaging. Importantly, the deposition of Aβ plaques and microglia/macrophage was increased in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions of the Treg depleted 3xTg-AD compared to the vehicle-treated 3xTg-AD group. Our finding suggested that systemic Treg administration ameliorates disease progression and could be an effective Alzheimer's disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjung Baek
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsook Ye
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Hyung Kang
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanju Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gihyun Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Bin Choi
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehoon Jung
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunseong Kim
- K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonhwa Lee
- Division of RI Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences University of Science & Technology, Gongneug-dong, Nowon-ku, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Su Kim
- Division of RI Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences University of Science & Technology, Gongneug-dong, Nowon-ku, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Lee
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medical Science Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Insop Shim
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medical Science Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsu Bae
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Elsaid AF, Shaheen M, Ghoneum M. Biobran/MGN-3, an arabinoxylan rice bran, enhances NK cell activity in geriatric subjects: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:2313-2320. [PMID: 29456638 PMCID: PMC5795547 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with a decline in natural killer (NK) and natural killer T (NKT) cell function that may contribute to increased susceptibility to malignancy and infection. A preliminary investigation was conducted examining the hypothesis that arabinoxylan rice bran (Biobran/MGN-3), a denatured hemicellulose with known immunomodulatory activity, could counteract this decline in NK/NKT cell activity in geriatrics. A total of 12 healthy geriatric subjects of both sexes and over 56 years old, participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. A total of six subjects served as control and six subjects ingested Biobran/MGN-3 (500 mg/day) for 30 days. The effect of Biobran/MGN-3 supplementation on NK/NKT cell activity was assessed using the degranulation assay. All study subjects were monitored for the development of any inadvertent side effects. In addition, the pharmacological effects of Biobran/MGN-3 on blood cell components and liver and kidney functions were also assessed. Results demonstrated that Biobran/MGN-3 had no effect on the total percentage of NK cells, however it enhanced the cytotoxic activity of induced NK cell expression of cluster of differentiation 107a, when compared with baseline values and with the placebo group (P<0.05). Furthermore, there were no side effects observed, indicating that Biobran/MGN-3 supplementation was safe at the utilized dosage and for the duration of administration. Various additional beneficial effects were observed, including improved mean corpuscular volume and reduced hepatic aspartate aminotransferase enzyme levels, which suggested improved liver function. It was concluded that Biobran/MGN-3 induces a significant increase in NK activity which may increase resistance to viral infections and cancers in the geriatric population. However, additional clinical trials should be conducted in the future to verify these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed F Elsaid
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Al Sharqia 44519, Egypt
| | - Magda Shaheen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Mamdooh Ghoneum
- Department of Surgery, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
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42
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Ali T, Kim T, Rehman SU, Khan MS, Amin FU, Khan M, Ikram M, Kim MO. Natural Dietary Supplementation of Anthocyanins via PI3K/Akt/Nrf2/HO-1 Pathways Mitigate Oxidative Stress, Neurodegeneration, and Memory Impairment in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:6076-6093. [PMID: 29170981 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0798-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Well-established studies have shown an elevated level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that induces oxidative stress in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) patient's brain and an animal model of AD. Herein, we investigated the underlying anti-oxidant neuroprotective mechanism of natural dietary supplementation of anthocyanins extracted from Korean black beans in the amyloid precursor protein/presenilin-1 (APP/PS1) mouse model of AD. Both in vivo (APP/PS1 mice) and in vitro (mouse hippocampal HT22 cells) results demonstrated that anthocyanins regulate the phosphorylated-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt-glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (p-PI3K/Akt/GSK3β) pathways and consequently attenuate amyloid beta oligomer (AβO)-induced elevations in ROS level and oxidative stress via stimulating the master endogenous anti-oxidant system of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1) pathways and prevent apoptosis and neurodegeneration by suppressing the apoptotic and neurodegenerative markers such as activation of caspase-3 and PARP-1 expression as well as the TUNEL and Fluoro-Jade B-positive neuronal cells in the APP/PS1 mice. In vitro ApoTox-Glo™ Triplex assay results also showed that anthocyanins act as a potent anti-oxidant neuroprotective agent and reduce AβO-induced neurotoxicity in the HT22 cells via PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling. Importantly, anthocyanins improve memory-related pre- and postsynaptic protein markers and memory functions in the APP/PS1 mice. In conclusion, our data suggested that consumption and supplementation of natural-derived anti-oxidant neuroprotective agent such as anthocyanins may be beneficial and suggest new dietary-supplement strategies for intervention in and prevention of progressive neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Ali
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehyun Kim
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Shafiq Ur Rehman
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Sohail Khan
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Faiz Ul Amin
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Mehtab Khan
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Ikram
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Ok Kim
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea.
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43
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Nisticò R, Salter E, Nicolas C, Feligioni M, Mango D, Bortolotto ZA, Gressens P, Collingridge GL, Peineau S. Synaptoimmunology - roles in health and disease. Mol Brain 2017. [PMID: 28637489 PMCID: PMC5480158 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-017-0308-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that the nervous and immune systems are intricately linked. Many proteins first identified in the immune system have since been detected at synapses, playing different roles in normal and pathological situations. In addition, novel immunological functions are emerging for proteins typically expressed at synapses. Under normal conditions, release of inflammatory mediators generally represents an adaptive and regulated response of the brain to immune signals. On the other hand, when immune challenge becomes prolonged and/or uncontrolled, the consequent inflammatory response leads to maladaptive synaptic plasticity and brain disorders. In this review, we will first provide a summary of the cell signaling pathways in neurons and immune cells. We will then examine how immunological mechanisms might influence synaptic function, and in particular synaptic plasticity, in the healthy and pathological CNS. A better understanding of neuro-immune system interactions in brain circuitries relevant to neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders should provide specific biomarkers to measure the status of the neuroimmunological response and help design novel neuroimmune-targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Nisticò
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy. .,Pharmacology of Synaptic Disease Lab, European Brain Research Institute, 00143, Rome, Italy.
| | - Eric Salter
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, and Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Celine Nicolas
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Marco Feligioni
- Pharmacology of Synaptic Disease Lab, European Brain Research Institute, 00143, Rome, Italy
| | - Dalila Mango
- Pharmacology of Synaptic Disease Lab, European Brain Research Institute, 00143, Rome, Italy
| | - Zuner A Bortolotto
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Pierre Gressens
- PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Centre for the Developing Brain, King's College, St Thomas' Campus, London, UK
| | - Graham L Collingridge
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, and Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Stephane Peineau
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. .,PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France. .,INSERM-ERi 24 (GRAP), Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.
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Shi C, Zhang L, Qin C. Long non-coding RNAs in brain development, synaptic biology, and Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res Bull 2017; 132:160-169. [PMID: 28347717 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are long transcripts without apparent protein-coding roles, interfere with gene expression and signaling events at various stages. Increasing evidence has suggested that lncRNAs function in the regulation of tissue homeostasis and under pathophysiologic conditions. In the nervous system, the expression of lncRNAs has been detected and characterized under normal physiologic conditions and in disease states. Some lncRNAs regulate brain development and synaptic plasticity. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), several lncRNAs have been demonstrated to regulate β-amyloid production/generation, synaptic impairment, neurotrophin depletion, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and stress responses. This review summarizes data on lncRNA expression and focuses on neural lncRNAs that may function in AD. Although our understanding of lncRNAs remains in its infancy, this review provides insight into the contribution of lncRNAs to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhua Shi
- Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) and Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) and Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Chuan Qin
- Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) and Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS), Beijing, China.
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45
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Targeting SUMO-1ylation Contrasts Synaptic Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:6609-6623. [PMID: 27738871 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0176-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic dysfunction has been recognized as an early feature occurring at the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Compromised neurotransmission leads over time to synaptic loss and these events correlate with the cognitive decline that progressively affects AD patients.Protein SUMOylation (Small Ubiquitin-like MOdifier) is a post-translational modification (PTM) involved in several cellular processes including synaptic transmission.We here demonstrate that cortical synaptosomes prepared from Tg2576 mice of 6 months of age show an increased SUMO-1ylation, which returns back to normal levels at 20 months although synaptic SUMOylation, at this age, resulted more sensible to KCl stimulus. Our previous findings have shown that increased SUMOylation at presynaptic level reduces the KCl-induced glutamate release. Accordingly, Tg2576 mice of 6 and 20 months show a reduced KCl-evoked neurotransmitter (NT) release. In order to target SUMOylation, we developed two cell penetrating HIV Tat-linked peptides, namely TU-1 and TS-1. This strategy allowed us to modulate the SUMO machinery either positively (TU-1) or negatively (TS-1). As expected, Tg2576 synaptosomes treated with TU-1 exhibited a reduced NT release evoked by KCl. On the contrary, TS-1 treatment, which decreased SUMOylation, was able to normalize impaired glutamate release. Notably, an analysis of autopsy human AD brains has shown an increased SUMOylation in both cortical tissue and synaptosomal lysate. Our data indicate that SUMOylation level changes contribute to the development of synaptic alterations typically occurring at the AD onset and that SUMOylation could be a pharmacological target in AD synaptic dysfunction.
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A novel recombinant 6Aβ15-THc-C chimeric vaccine (rCV02) mitigates Alzheimer's disease-like pathology, cognitive decline and synaptic loss in aged 3 × Tg-AD mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27175. [PMID: 27255752 PMCID: PMC4891678 DOI: 10.1038/srep27175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that impairs memory and cognition. Targeting amyloid-β (Aβ) may be currently the most promising immunotherapeutic strategy for AD. In this study, a recombinant chimeric 6Aβ15-THc-C immunogen was formulated with alum adjuvant as a novel Aβ B-cell epitope candidate vaccine (rCV02) for AD. We examined its efficacy in preventing the cognitive deficit and synaptic impairment in 3 × Tg-AD mice. Using a toxin-derived carrier protein, the rCV02 vaccine elicited robust Aβ-specific antibodies that markedly reduced AD-like pathology and improved behavioral performance in 3 × Tg-AD mice. Along with the behavioral improvement in aged 3 × Tg-AD mice, rCV02 significantly decreased calpain activation concurrent with reduced soluble Aβ or oligomeric forms of Aβ, probably by preventing dynamin 1 and PSD-95 degradation. Our data support the hypothesis that reducing Aβ levels in rCV02-immunized AD mice increases the levels of presynaptic dynamin 1 and postsynaptic PSD-95 allowing functional recovery of cognition. In conclusion, this novel and highly immunogenic rCV02 shows promise as a new candidate prophylactic vaccine for AD and may be useful for generating rapid and strong Aβ-specific antibodies in AD patients with pre-existing memory Th cells generated after immunization with conventional tetanus toxoid vaccine.
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47
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A Novel Aβ B-Cell Epitope Vaccine (rCV01) for Alzheimer's Disease Improved Synaptic and Cognitive Functions in 3 × Tg-AD Mice. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2016; 11:657-668. [PMID: 27147259 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-016-9678-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive amyloid-β accumulation, loss of cognitive abilities, and synaptic alterations. Given the remarkable recovery of cognition in AD models of targeting-Aβ immunotherapy, we sought to determine the molecular correlate(s) associated with improvement. We evaluated the efficacy of a recombinant chimeric 6Aβ15-T antigen formulated with alum adjuvant as a novel Aβ B-cell epitope vaccine (rCV01) in 3 × Tg-AD mice. rCV01 elicited robust Th2-polarized Aβ-specific antibodies without autoimmune T cell responses in 3 × Tg-AD mice. The long-lasting anti-Aβ42 antibodies were associated with markedly reduced AD-like pathology, enhanced synaptic function, and improved cognitive performance in aged 3 × Tg-AD mice. This is the first report to provide one hypothesis for the improved outcomes following vaccination is a reduction in the levels of active calpain in rCV01-immunized AD mice, which is likely attributable to preventing dynamin 1 and PSD-95 degradation allowing functional recovery of cognition. rCV01 is a highly immunogenic recombinant chimeric 6Aβ15-T vaccine that shows clear neuroprotective properties in preclinical mouse models of AD and is a candidate for an effective AD vaccine.
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48
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Ruzicka J, Kulijewicz-Nawrot M, Rodrigez-Arellano JJ, Jendelova P, Sykova E. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Preserve Working Memory in the 3xTg-AD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17020152. [PMID: 26821012 PMCID: PMC4783886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17020152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The transplantation of stem cells may have a therapeutic effect on the pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative disorders. In the present study, we transplanted human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into the lateral ventricle of a triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer´s disease (3xTg-AD) at the age of eight months. We evaluated spatial reference and working memory after MSC treatment and the possible underlying mechanisms, such as the influence of transplanted MSCs on neurogenesis in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the expression levels of a 56 kDa oligomer of amyloid β (Aβ*56), glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate transporters (Glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST) and Glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1)) in the entorhinal and prefrontal cortices and the hippocampus. At 14 months of age we observed the preservation of working memory in MSC-treated 3xTg-AD mice, suggesting that such preservation might be due to the protective effect of MSCs on GS levels and the considerable downregulation of Aβ*56 levels in the entorhinal cortex. These changes were observed six months after transplantation, accompanied by clusters of proliferating cells in the SVZ. Since the grafted cells did not survive for the whole experimental period, it is likely that the observed effects could have been transiently more pronounced at earlier time points than at six months after cell application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Ruzicka
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic.
- Department of Neuroscience, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 150 06, Czech Republic.
| | - Magdalena Kulijewicz-Nawrot
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic.
| | - Jose Julio Rodrigez-Arellano
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic.
- Functional Neuroanatomy Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, the University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| | - Pavla Jendelova
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic.
- Department of Neuroscience, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 150 06, Czech Republic.
| | - Eva Sykova
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic.
- Department of Neuroscience, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 150 06, Czech Republic.
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49
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Yuan Xiang P, Janc O, Grochowska KM, Kreutz MR, Reymann KG. Dopamine agonists rescue Aβ-induced LTP impairment by Src-family tyrosine kinases. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 40:98-102. [PMID: 26973108 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Soluble forms of oligomeric amyloid beta (AβO) are involved in the loss of synaptic plasticity and memory, especially in early phases of Alzheimer's disease. Stimulation of dopamine D1/D5 receptors (D1R/D5R) is known to increase surface expression of synaptic α-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate subtype glutamate and N-methyl-D-aspartate subtype glutamate receptors and facilitates the induction of the late phase of long-term potentiation (LTP), probably via a related mechanism. In this study, we show that the D1/D5R agonist SKF38393 protects LTP of hippocampal CA1 synapses from the deleterious action of oligomeric amyloid beta. Unexpectedly, the D1R/D5R-mediated recovery of LTP is independent of protein kinase A or phospholipase C pathways. Instead, we found that the inhibition of Src-family tyrosine kinases completely abolished the protective effects of D1R/D5R stimulation in a cellular model of learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- PingAn Yuan Xiang
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Oliwia Janc
- RG Neuropharmacology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Michael R Kreutz
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany; Leibniz Group 'Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function', Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Klaus G Reymann
- RG Neuropharmacology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany.
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50
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Leshchyns'ka I, Liew HT, Shepherd C, Halliday GM, Stevens CH, Ke YD, Ittner LM, Sytnyk V. Aβ-dependent reduction of NCAM2-mediated synaptic adhesion contributes to synapse loss in Alzheimer's disease. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8836. [PMID: 26611261 PMCID: PMC4674770 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by synapse loss due to mechanisms that remain poorly understood. We show that the neural cell adhesion molecule 2 (NCAM2) is enriched in synapses in the human hippocampus. This enrichment is abolished in the hippocampus of AD patients and in brains of mice overexpressing the human amyloid-β (Aβ) precursor protein carrying the pathogenic Swedish mutation. Aβ binds to NCAM2 at the cell surface of cultured hippocampal neurons and induces removal of NCAM2 from synapses. In AD hippocampus, cleavage of the membrane proximal external region of NCAM2 is increased and soluble extracellular fragments of NCAM2 (NCAM2-ED) accumulate. Knockdown of NCAM2 expression or incubation with NCAM2-ED induces disassembly of GluR1-containing glutamatergic synapses in cultured hippocampal neurons. Aβ-dependent disassembly of GluR1-containing synapses is inhibited in neurons overexpressing a cleavage-resistant mutant of NCAM2. Our data indicate that Aβ-dependent disruption of NCAM2 functions in AD hippocampus contributes to synapse loss. Understanding how ß-amyloid contributes to synapse loss and dysfunction is a central goal of Alzheimer's disease research. Here, Leshchyns'ka et al. identify a novel mechanism by which Aß disassembles hippocampal glutamatergic synapses via cleavage of a neural cell adhesion molecule 2 (NCAM2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Leshchyns'ka
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Heng Tai Liew
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Claire Shepherd
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2031, Australia
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2031, Australia
| | - Claire H Stevens
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2031, Australia.,Dementia Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Yazi D Ke
- Dementia Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Lars M Ittner
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2031, Australia.,Dementia Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Vladimir Sytnyk
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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