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Wang X, Wang J, Chen Y, Qian X, Luo S, Wang X, Ma C, Ge W. The aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 rs671 variant enhances amyloid β pathology. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2594. [PMID: 38519490 PMCID: PMC10959958 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46899-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In the ALDH2 rs671 variant, a guanine changes to an adenine, resulting in a dramatic decrease in the catalytic activity of the enzyme. Population-based data are contradictory about whether this variant increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease. In East Asian populations, the prevalence of the ALDH2 rs671 variant is 30-50%, making the National Human Brain Bank for Development and Function (the largest brain bank in East Asia) an important resource to explore the link between the ALDH2 rs671 polymorphism and Alzheimer's disease pathology. Here, using 469 postmortem brains, we find that while the ALDH2 rs671 variant is associated with increased plaque deposits and a higher Aβ40/42 ratio, it is not an independent risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Mechanistically, we show that lower ALDH2 activity leads to 4-HNE accumulation in the brain. The (R)-4-HNE enantiomer adducts to residue Lys53 of C99, favoring Aβ40 generation in the Golgi apparatus. Decreased ALDH2 activity also lowers inflammatory factor secretion, as well as amyloid β phagocytosis and spread in brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. We thus define the relationship between the ALDH2 rs671 polymorphism and amyloid β pathology, and find that ALDH2 rs671 is a key regulator of Aβ40 or Aβ42 generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yashuang Chen
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Qian
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Neuroscience Center, National Human Brain Bank for Development and Function, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shiqi Luo
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Neuroscience Center, National Human Brain Bank for Development and Function, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Neuroscience Center, National Human Brain Bank for Development and Function, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Ge
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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2
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Alavez-Rubio JS, Juarez-Cedillo T. Microglia as a Possible Alternative Therapeutic for Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2024; 8:43-56. [PMID: 38229830 PMCID: PMC10789290 DOI: 10.3233/adr-230112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a syndrome in which there is deterioration in memory, behavior, and the ability to perform everyday activities. Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia are the most common forms of dementia. There is evidence supporting the hypothesis that inflammatory and immune mechanisms are involved in dementia. Microglia, the resident macrophage tissues in the central nervous system, play a significant role in neuroinflammation and play an important role in amyloid-β clearance in the brain, and impaired microglial clearance of amyloid-β has also been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. However, there is also abundant evidence that microglia have harmful actions in dementia. Once activated, they can mediate uptake at neuronal synapses. They can also exacerbate tau pathology and secrete deleterious inflammatory factors that can directly or indirectly damage neurons. Thus, depending on the stage of the disease, microglia can act both protectively and detrimentally. Therefore, it is still necessary to continue with studies to better understand the role of microglia in the pathology of dementia. Currently available drugs can only improve cognitive symptoms, have no impact on progression and are not curative, so identifying and studying new therapeutic approaches is important. Considering the role played by microglia in this pathology, it has been pointed out as a possible therapeutic approach. This manuscript aims to address the relationship between microglia and dementia and how this relationship could be used for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teresa Juarez-Cedillo
- Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud, Área de Envejecimiento, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico
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Xu DC, Sas-Nowosielska H, Donahue G, Huang H, Pourshafie N, Good CR, Berger SL. Histone acetylation in an Alzheimer's disease cell model promotes homeostatic amyloid-reducing pathways. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2024; 12:3. [PMID: 38167174 PMCID: PMC10759377 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01696-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a disorder characterized by cognitive decline, neurodegeneration, and accumulation of amyloid plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Dysregulation of epigenetic histone modifications may lead to expression of transcriptional programs that play a role either in protecting against disease genesis or in worsening of disease pathology. One such histone modification, acetylation of histone H3 lysine residue 27 (H3K27ac), is primarily localized to genomic enhancer regions and promotes active gene transcription. We previously discovered H3K27ac to be more abundant in AD patient brain tissue compared to the brains of age-matched non-demented controls. In this study, we use iPSC-neurons derived from familial AD patients with an amyloid precursor protein (APP) duplication (APPDup neurons) as a model to study the functional effect of lowering CBP/P300 enzymes that catalyze H3K27ac. We found that homeostatic amyloid-reducing genes were upregulated in the APPDup neurons compared to non-demented controls. We lowered CBP/P300 to reduce H3K27ac, which led to decreased expression of numerous of these homeostatic amyloid-reducing genes, along with increased extracellular secretion of a toxic amyloid-β species, Aβ(1-42). Our findings suggest that epigenomic histone acetylation, including H3K27ac, drives expression of compensatory genetic programs in response to AD-associated insults, specifically those resulting from APP duplication, and thus may play a role in mitigating AD pathology in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Xu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia, Penn Institute of Epigenetics, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hanna Sas-Nowosielska
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia, Penn Institute of Epigenetics, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Greg Donahue
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia, Penn Institute of Epigenetics, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia, Penn Institute of Epigenetics, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Naemeh Pourshafie
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia, Penn Institute of Epigenetics, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Charly R Good
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia, Penn Institute of Epigenetics, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Shelley L Berger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia, Penn Institute of Epigenetics, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Chandran S, Binninger D. Role of Oxidative Stress, Methionine Oxidation and Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases (MSR) in Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:21. [PMID: 38275641 PMCID: PMC10812627 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
A major contributor to dementia seen in aging is Alzheimer's disease (AD). Amyloid beta (Aβ), a main component of senile plaques (SPs) in AD, induces neuronal death through damage to cellular organelles and structures, caused by oxidation of important molecules such as proteins by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Hyperphosphorylation and accumulation of the protein tau in the microtubules within the brain also promote ROS production. Methionine, a residue of proteins, is particularly sensitive to oxidation by ROS. One of the enzyme systems that reverses the oxidative damage in mammalian cells is the enzyme system known as Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases (MSRs). The components of the MSR system, namely MSRA and MSRB, reduce oxidized forms of methionine (Met-(o)) in proteins back to methionine (Met). Furthermore, the MSRs scavenge ROS by allowing methionine residues in proteins to utilize their antioxidant properties. This review aims to improve the understanding of the role of the MSR system of enzymes in reducing cellular oxidative damage and AD pathogenesis, which may contribute to effective therapeutic approaches for AD by targeting the MSR system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Chandran
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - David Binninger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
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Li P, Wei J, Zhu Y. CellGO: a novel deep learning-based framework and webserver for cell-type-specific gene function interpretation. Brief Bioinform 2023; 25:bbad417. [PMID: 37995133 PMCID: PMC10790717 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbad417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Interpreting the function of genes and gene sets identified from omics experiments remains a challenge, as current pathway analysis tools often fail to consider the critical biological context, such as tissue or cell-type specificity. To address this limitation, we introduced CellGO. CellGO tackles this challenge by leveraging the visible neural network (VNN) and single-cell gene expressions to mimic cell-type-specific signaling propagation along the Gene Ontology tree within a cell. This design enables a novel scoring system to calculate the cell-type-specific gene-pathway paired active scores, based on which, CellGO is able to identify cell-type-specific active pathways associated with single genes. In addition, by aggregating the activities of single genes, CellGO extends its capability to identify cell-type-specific active pathways for a given gene set. To enhance biological interpretation, CellGO offers additional features, including the identification of significantly active cell types and driver genes and community analysis of pathways. To validate its performance, CellGO was assessed using a gene set comprising mixed cell-type markers, confirming its ability to discern active pathways across distinct cell types. Subsequent benchmarking analyses demonstrated CellGO's superiority in effectively identifying cell types and their corresponding cell-type-specific pathways affected by gene knockouts, using either single genes or sets of genes differentially expressed between knockout and control samples. Moreover, CellGO demonstrated its ability to infer cell-type-specific pathogenesis for disease risk genes. Accessible as a Python package, CellGO also provides a user-friendly web interface, making it a versatile and accessible tool for researchers in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science and Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Junfeng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science and Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science and Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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6
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Raut S, Bhalerao A, Powers M, Gonzalez M, Mancuso S, Cucullo L. Hypometabolism, Alzheimer's Disease, and Possible Therapeutic Targets: An Overview. Cells 2023; 12:2019. [PMID: 37626828 PMCID: PMC10453773 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain is a highly dynamic organ that requires a constant energy source to function normally. This energy is mostly supplied by glucose, a simple sugar that serves as the brain's principal fuel source. Glucose transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is primarily controlled via sodium-independent facilitated glucose transport, such as by glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and 3 (GLUT3). However, other glucose transporters, including GLUT4 and the sodium-dependent transporters SGLT1 and SGLT6, have been reported in vitro and in vivo. When the BBB endothelial layer is crossed, neurons and astrocytes can absorb the glucose using their GLUT1 and GLUT3 transporters. Glucose then enters the glycolytic pathway and is metabolized into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which supplies the energy to support cellular functions. The transport and metabolism of glucose in the brain are impacted by several medical conditions, which can cause neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), epilepsy, traumatic brain injury (TBI), schizophrenia, etc., are a few of the most prevalent disorders, characterized by a decline in brain metabolism or hypometabolism early in the course of the disease. Indeed, AD is considered a metabolic disorder related to decreased brain glucose metabolism, involving brain insulin resistance and age-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction. Although the conventional view is that reduced cerebral metabolism is an effect of neuronal loss and consequent brain atrophy, a growing body of evidence points to the opposite, where hypometabolism is prodromal or at least precedes the onset of brain atrophy and the manifestation of clinical symptoms. The underlying processes responsible for these glucose transport and metabolic abnormalities are complicated and remain poorly understood. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of hypometabolism in AD and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehal Raut
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA; (S.R.); (A.B.); (M.G.); (S.M.)
| | - Aditya Bhalerao
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA; (S.R.); (A.B.); (M.G.); (S.M.)
| | - Michael Powers
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA;
| | - Minelly Gonzalez
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA; (S.R.); (A.B.); (M.G.); (S.M.)
| | - Salvatore Mancuso
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA; (S.R.); (A.B.); (M.G.); (S.M.)
| | - Luca Cucullo
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA; (S.R.); (A.B.); (M.G.); (S.M.)
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7
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Olufunmilayo EO, Holsinger RMD. Roles of Non-Coding RNA in Alzheimer's Disease Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12498. [PMID: 37569871 PMCID: PMC10420049 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder that is accompanied by deficits in memory and cognitive functions. The disease is pathologically characterised by the accumulation and aggregation of an extracellular peptide referred to as amyloid-β (Aβ) in the form of amyloid plaques and the intracellular aggregation of a hyperphosphorelated protein tau in the form of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) that cause neuroinflammation, synaptic dysfunction, and oxidative stress. The search for pathomechanisms leading to disease onset and progression has identified many key players that include genetic, epigenetic, behavioural, and environmental factors, which lend support to the fact that this is a multi-faceted disease where failure in various systems contributes to disease onset and progression. Although the vast majority of individuals present with the sporadic (non-genetic) form of the disease, dysfunctions in numerous protein-coding and non-coding genes have been implicated in mechanisms contributing to the disease. Recent studies have provided strong evidence for the association of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) with AD. In this review, we highlight the current findings on changes observed in circular RNA (circRNA), microRNA (miRNA), short interfering RNA (siRNA), piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA), and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in AD. Variations in these ncRNAs could potentially serve as biomarkers or therapeutic targets for the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. We also discuss the results of studies that have targeted these ncRNAs in cellular and animal models of AD with a view for translating these findings into therapies for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward O. Olufunmilayo
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Dementia, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia;
- Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Queen Elizabeth Road, Oritamefa, Ibadan 200212, Nigeria
| | - R. M. Damian Holsinger
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Dementia, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia;
- Neuroscience, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Bouland GA, Marinus KI, van Kesteren RE, Smit AB, Mahfouz A, Reinders MJT. Single-cell RNA sequencing data reveals rewiring of transcriptional relationships in Alzheimer's Disease associated with risk variants. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.05.15.23289992. [PMID: 37292975 PMCID: PMC10246028 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.15.23289992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how genetic risk variants contribute to Alzheimer's Disease etiology remains a challenge. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) allows for the investigation of cell type specific effects of genomic risk loci on gene expression. Using seven scRNAseq datasets totalling >1.3 million cells, we investigated differential correlation of genes between healthy individuals and individuals diagnosed with Alzheimer's Disease. Using the number of differential correlations of a gene to estimate its involvement and potential impact, we present a prioritization scheme for identifying probable causal genes near genomic risk loci. Besides prioritizing genes, our approach pin-points specific cell types and provides insight into the rewiring of gene-gene relationships associated with Alzheimer's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard A Bouland
- Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333ZC, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin I Marinus
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald E van Kesteren
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - August B Smit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ahmed Mahfouz
- Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333ZC, The Netherlands
- Leiden Computational Biology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333ZC, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel J T Reinders
- Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333ZC, The Netherlands
- Leiden Computational Biology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333ZC, The Netherlands
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Fan J, Zhu Z, Chen Y, Yang C, Li X, Chen K, Chen X, Zhang Z. SORL1 rs1699102 Moderates the Effect of Sex on Language Network. J Alzheimers Dis 2023:JAD221133. [PMID: 37212098 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Language ability differs between the sexes. However, it is unclear how this sex difference is moderated by genetic factors and how the brain interacts with genetics to support this specific language capacity. Previous studies have demonstrated that the sorting protein-related receptor (SORL1) polymorphism influences cognitive function and brain structure differently in males and females and is associated with Alzheimer's disease risk. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sex and the SORL1 rs1699102 (CC versus T carriers) genotype on language. METHODS 103 non-demented Chinese older adults from Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) database were included in this study. Participants completed language tests, T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and resting-state functional MRI. Language test performance, gray matter volume, and network connections were compared between genotype and sex groups. RESULTS The rs1699102 polymorphism moderated the effects of sex on language performance, with the female having reversed language advantages in T carriers. The T allele carriers had lower gray matter volume in the left precentral gyrus. The effect of sex on language network connections was moderated by rs1699102; male CC homozygotes and female T carriers had higher internetwork connections, which were negatively correlated with language performance. CONCLUSION These results suggest that SORL1 moderates the effects of sex on language, with T being a risk allele, especially in females. Our findings underscore the importance of considering the influence of genetic factors when examining sex effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhibao Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yaojing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Caishui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Kewei Chen
- BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Xiaochun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Li P, Chen J, Chen Y, Song S, Huang X, Yang Y, Li Y, Tong Y, Xie Y, Li J, Li S, Wang J, Qian K, Wang C, Du L. Construction of Exosome SORL1 Detection Platform Based on 3D Porous Microfluidic Chip and its Application in Early Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207381. [PMID: 36799198 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are promising new biomarkers for colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis, due to their rich biological fingerprints and high level of stability. However, the accurate detection of exosomes with specific surface receptors is limited to clinical application. Herein, an exosome enrichment platform on a 3D porous sponge microfluidic chip is constructed and the exosome capture efficiency of this chip is ≈90%. Also, deep mass spectrometry analysis followed by multi-level expression screenings revealed a CRC-specific exosome membrane protein (SORL1). A method of SORL1 detection by specific quantum dot labeling is further designed and the ensemble classification system is established by extracting features from 64-patched fluorescence images. Importantly, the area under the curve (AUC) using this system is 0.99, which is significantly higher (p < 0.001) than that using a conventional biomarker (carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), AUC of 0.71). The above system showed similar diagnostic performance, dealing with early-stage CRC, young CRC, and CEA-negative CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Jiaci Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250300, China
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Shangling Song
- Department of medical engineering equipment, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Xiaowen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250300, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Yanru Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Yao Tong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Yan Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Shunxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Medical Robotics and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Country Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Kun Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Medical Robotics and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Chuanxin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Lutao Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
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11
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Quan Y, Zhang KX, Zhang HY. The gut microbiota links disease to human genome evolution. Trends Genet 2023; 39:451-461. [PMID: 36872184 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
A large number of studies have established a causal relationship between the gut microbiota and human disease. In addition, the composition of the microbiota is substantially influenced by the human genome. Modern medical research has confirmed that the pathogenesis of various diseases is closely related to evolutionary events in the human genome. Specific regions of the human genome known as human accelerated regions (HARs) have evolved rapidly over several million years since humans diverged from a common ancestor with chimpanzees, and HARs have been found to be involved in some human-specific diseases. Furthermore, the HAR-regulated gut microbiota has undergone rapid changes during human evolution. We propose that the gut microbiota may serve as an important mediator linking diseases to human genome evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Ke-Xin Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Hong-Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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12
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Andrade-Guerrero J, Santiago-Balmaseda A, Jeronimo-Aguilar P, Vargas-Rodríguez I, Cadena-Suárez AR, Sánchez-Garibay C, Pozo-Molina G, Méndez-Catalá CF, Cardenas-Aguayo MDC, Diaz-Cintra S, Pacheco-Herrero M, Luna-Muñoz J, Soto-Rojas LO. Alzheimer's Disease: An Updated Overview of Its Genetics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043754. [PMID: 36835161 PMCID: PMC9966419 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease in the world. It is classified as familial and sporadic. The dominant familial or autosomal presentation represents 1-5% of the total number of cases. It is categorized as early onset (EOAD; <65 years of age) and presents genetic mutations in presenilin 1 (PSEN1), presenilin 2 (PSEN2), or the Amyloid precursor protein (APP). Sporadic AD represents 95% of the cases and is categorized as late-onset (LOAD), occurring in patients older than 65 years of age. Several risk factors have been identified in sporadic AD; aging is the main one. Nonetheless, multiple genes have been associated with the different neuropathological events involved in LOAD, such as the pathological processing of Amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide and Tau protein, as well as synaptic and mitochondrial dysfunctions, neurovascular alterations, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, among others. Interestingly, using genome-wide association study (GWAS) technology, many polymorphisms associated with LOAD have been identified. This review aims to analyze the new genetic findings that are closely related to the pathophysiology of AD. Likewise, it analyzes the multiple mutations identified to date through GWAS that are associated with a high or low risk of developing this neurodegeneration. Understanding genetic variability will allow for the identification of early biomarkers and opportune therapeutic targets for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Andrade-Guerrero
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4, Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Alberto Santiago-Balmaseda
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4, Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
- Red MEDICI, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
| | - Paola Jeronimo-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4, Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
- Red MEDICI, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - Isaac Vargas-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Ana Ruth Cadena-Suárez
- National Dementia BioBank, Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad-Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuatitlan 53150, Edomex, Mexico
| | - Carlos Sánchez-Garibay
- Departamento de Neuropatología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Ciudad de México 14269, Mexico
| | - Glustein Pozo-Molina
- Laboratorio de Genética y Oncología Molecular, Laboratorio 5, Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
| | - Claudia Fabiola Méndez-Catalá
- Laboratorio de Genética y Oncología Molecular, Laboratorio 5, Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
- División de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
| | - Maria-del-Carmen Cardenas-Aguayo
- Laboratory of Cellular Reprogramming, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Sofía Diaz-Cintra
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Mar Pacheco-Herrero
- Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra, Santiago de los Caballeros 51000, Dominican Republic
| | - José Luna-Muñoz
- National Dementia BioBank, Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad-Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuatitlan 53150, Edomex, Mexico
- National Brain Bank-UNPHU, Universidad Nacional Pedro Henríquez Ureña, Santo Domingo 1423, Dominican Republic
- Correspondence: (J.L.-M.); (L.O.S.-R.); Tel.: +52-55-45-23-41-20 (J.L.-M.); +52-55-39-37-94-30 (L.O.S.-R.)
| | - Luis O. Soto-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4, Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
- Red MEDICI, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
- Correspondence: (J.L.-M.); (L.O.S.-R.); Tel.: +52-55-45-23-41-20 (J.L.-M.); +52-55-39-37-94-30 (L.O.S.-R.)
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13
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Haukedal H, Corsi GI, Gadekar VP, Doncheva NT, Kedia S, de Haan N, Chandrasekaran A, Jensen P, Schiønning P, Vallin S, Marlet FR, Poon A, Pires C, Agha FK, Wandall HH, Cirera S, Simonsen AH, Nielsen TT, Nielsen JE, Hyttel P, Muddashetty R, Aldana BI, Gorodkin J, Nair D, Meyer M, Larsen MR, Freude K. Golgi fragmentation - One of the earliest organelle phenotypes in Alzheimer's disease neurons. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1120086. [PMID: 36875643 PMCID: PMC9978754 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1120086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, with no current cure. Consequently, alternative approaches focusing on early pathological events in specific neuronal populations, besides targeting the well-studied amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulations and Tau tangles, are needed. In this study, we have investigated disease phenotypes specific to glutamatergic forebrain neurons and mapped the timeline of their occurrence, by implementing familial and sporadic human induced pluripotent stem cell models as well as the 5xFAD mouse model. We recapitulated characteristic late AD phenotypes, such as increased Aβ secretion and Tau hyperphosphorylation, as well as previously well documented mitochondrial and synaptic deficits. Intriguingly, we identified Golgi fragmentation as one of the earliest AD phenotypes, indicating potential impairments in protein processing and post-translational modifications. Computational analysis of RNA sequencing data revealed differentially expressed genes involved in glycosylation and glycan patterns, whilst total glycan profiling revealed minor glycosylation differences. This indicates general robustness of glycosylation besides the observed fragmented morphology. Importantly, we identified that genetic variants in Sortilin-related receptor 1 (SORL1) associated with AD could aggravate the Golgi fragmentation and subsequent glycosylation changes. In summary, we identified Golgi fragmentation as one of the earliest disease phenotypes in AD neurons in various in vivo and in vitro complementary disease models, which can be exacerbated via additional risk variants in SORL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Haukedal
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Giulia I Corsi
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Center for Non-coding RNA in Technology and Health, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Veerendra P Gadekar
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Center for Non-coding RNA in Technology and Health, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Nadezhda T Doncheva
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Center for Non-coding RNA in Technology and Health, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shekhar Kedia
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Noortje de Haan
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Abinaya Chandrasekaran
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Pia Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Pernille Schiønning
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Sarah Vallin
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Frederik Ravnkilde Marlet
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Poon
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Carlota Pires
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Fawzi Khoder Agha
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans H Wandall
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanna Cirera
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Anja Hviid Simonsen
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Troels Tolstrup Nielsen
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Erik Nielsen
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Poul Hyttel
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ravi Muddashetty
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bengaluru, India
| | - Blanca I Aldana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Gorodkin
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Center for Non-coding RNA in Technology and Health, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Deepak Nair
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Morten Meyer
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Martin Røssel Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kristine Freude
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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14
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Kim YK, Jung YS, Song J. Transcriptome Profile in the Mouse Brain of Hepatic Encephalopathy and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010675. [PMID: 36614117 PMCID: PMC9821016 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a chronic metabolic disease accompanied by neuropathological and neuropsychiatric features, including memory deficits, psychomotor dysfunction, depression, and anxiety. Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disease, is characterized by tau hyperphosphorylation, excessive amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation, the formation of fibrillary tangles, hippocampus atrophy, and neuroinflammation. Recent studies have suggested a positive correlation between HE and AD. Some studies reported that an impaired cholesterol pathway, abnormal bile acid secretion, excessive ammonia level, impaired Aβ clearance, astrocytic dysfunction, and abnormal γ-aminobutyric acid GABAergic neuronal signaling in HE may also be involved in AD pathology. However, the mechanisms and related genes involved in AD-like pathology in the HE brain are unclear. Thus, we compared the cortical transcriptome profile between an HE mouse model, bile duct ligation (BDL), and an AD mouse model, the 5×FAD. Our study showed that the expression of many genes implicated in HE is associated with neuronal dysfunction in AD mice. We found changes in various protein-coding RNAs, implicated in synapses, neurogenesis, neuron projection, neuron differentiation, and neurite outgrowth, and non-coding RNAs possibly associated with neuropathology. Our data provide an important resource for further studies to elucidate AD-like pathophysiology in HE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Kook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Seok Jung
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-61-379-2706; Fax: +82-61-375-5834
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15
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Sen T, Thummer RP. CRISPR and iPSCs: Recent Developments and Future Perspectives in Neurodegenerative Disease Modelling, Research, and Therapeutics. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:1597-1623. [PMID: 36044181 PMCID: PMC9428373 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00564-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are prominent causes of pain, suffering, and death worldwide. Traditional approaches modelling neurodegenerative diseases are deficient, and therefore, improved strategies that effectively recapitulate the pathophysiological conditions of neurodegenerative diseases are the need of the hour. The generation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has transformed our ability to model neurodegenerative diseases in vitro and provide an unlimited source of cells (including desired neuronal cell types) for cell replacement therapy. Recently, CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing has also been gaining popularity because of the flexibility they provide to generate and ablate disease phenotypes. In addition, the recent advancements in CRISPR/Cas9 technology enables researchers to seamlessly target and introduce precise modifications in the genomic DNA of different human cell lines, including iPSCs. CRISPR-iPSC-based disease modelling, therefore, allows scientists to recapitulate the pathological aspects of most neurodegenerative processes and investigate the role of pathological gene variants in healthy non-patient cell lines. This review outlines how iPSCs, CRISPR/Cas9, and CRISPR-iPSC-based approaches accelerate research on neurodegenerative diseases and take us closer to a cure for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and so forth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirthankar Sen
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati - 781039, Assam, India
| | - Rajkumar P Thummer
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati - 781039, Assam, India.
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16
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Gomes C, VanderWall KB, Pan Y, Lu X, Lavekar SS, Huang KC, Fligor CM, Harkin J, Zhang C, Cummins TR, Meyer JS. Astrocytes modulate neurodegenerative phenotypes associated with glaucoma in OPTN(E50K) human stem cell-derived retinal ganglion cells. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:1636-1649. [PMID: 35714595 PMCID: PMC9287669 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) is a primary characteristic of glaucoma, astrocytes also contribute to their neurodegeneration in disease states. Although studies often explore cell-autonomous aspects of RGC neurodegeneration, a more comprehensive model of glaucoma should take into consideration interactions between astrocytes and RGCs. To explore this concept, RGCs and astrocytes were differentiated from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) with a glaucoma-associated OPTN(E50K) mutation along with corresponding isogenic controls. Initial results indicated significant changes in OPTN(E50K) astrocytes, including evidence of autophagy dysfunction. Subsequently, co-culture experiments demonstrated that OPTN(E50K) astrocytes led to neurodegenerative properties in otherwise healthy RGCs, while healthy astrocytes rescued some neurodegenerative features in OPTN(E50K) RGCs. These results are the first to identify disease phenotypes in OPTN(E50K) astrocytes, including how their modulation of RGCs is affected. Moreover, these results support the concept that astrocytes could offer a promising target for therapeutic intervention in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Gomes
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kirstin B VanderWall
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yanling Pan
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Lu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sailee S Lavekar
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kang-Chieh Huang
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Clarisse M Fligor
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jade Harkin
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Theodore R Cummins
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jason S Meyer
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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17
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Xin Y, Sheng J, Miao M, Wang L, Yang Z, Huang H. A review ofimaging genetics in Alzheimer's disease. J Clin Neurosci 2022; 100:155-163. [PMID: 35487021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2022.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Determining the association between genetic variation and phenotype is a key step to study the mechanism of Alzheimer's disease (AD), laying the foundation for studying drug therapies and biomarkers. AD is the most common type of dementia in the aged population. At present, three early-onset AD genes (APP, PSEN1, PSEN2) and one late-onset AD susceptibility gene apolipoprotein E (APOE) have been determined. However, the pathogenesis of AD remains unknown. Imaging genetics, an emerging interdisciplinary field, is able to reveal the complex mechanisms from the genetic level to human cognition and mental disorders via macroscopic intermediates. This paper reviews methods of establishing genotype-phenotype to explore correlations, including sparse canonical correlation analysis, sparse reduced rank regression, sparse partial least squares and so on. We found that most research work did poorly in supervised learning and exploring the nonlinear relationship between SNP-QT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xin
- College of Computer Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Image Analysis for Sensory and Cognitive Health, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Jinhua Sheng
- College of Computer Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Image Analysis for Sensory and Cognitive Health, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China.
| | - Miao Miao
- Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, China; National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, China; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Luyun Wang
- College of Computer Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Image Analysis for Sensory and Cognitive Health, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China; Hangzhou Vocational & Technical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Ze Yang
- College of Computer Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Image Analysis for Sensory and Cognitive Health, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - He Huang
- College of Computer Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Image Analysis for Sensory and Cognitive Health, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
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18
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Wang Y, Luan M, Xue L, Jin J, Xie A. Evaluation of the relationship between SORL1 gene polymorphism and Parkinson's disease in the Chinese population. Neurosci Lett 2022; 778:136602. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Abstract
With the expected rise in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) in the coming decades due to the aging population and a lack of effective disease-modifying treatments, there is a need for preventive strategies that may tap into resilience parameters. A wide array of resilience strategies has been proposed including genetics, socioeconomic status, lifestyle modifications, behavioral changes, and management of comorbid disease. These different strategies can be broadly classified as distinguishing between modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors, some of which can be quantified so that their clinical intervention can be effectively accomplished. A clear shift in research focus from dementia risk to addressing disease resistance and resilience is emerging that has provided new potential therapeutic targets. Here we review and summarize the latest investigations of resilience mechanisms and methods of quantifying resilience for clinical research. These approaches include identifying genetic variants that may help identify novel pathways (e.g., lipid metabolism, cellular trafficking, synaptic function, inflammation) for therapeutic treatments and biomarkers for use in a precision medicine-like regimen. In addition, innovative structural and molecular neuroimaging analyses may assist in detecting and quantifying pathological changes well before the onset of clinical symptoms setting up the possibility of primary and secondary prevention trials. Lastly, we summarize recent studies demonstrating the study of resilience in caregivers of persons living with dementia may have direct and indirect impact on the quality of care and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh S. Joshi
- Comprehensive Center for Brain Health, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - James E. Galvin
- Comprehensive Center for Brain Health, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Boca Raton, FL, USA
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20
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Xu J, Huang H, Zhou X. G-Quadruplexes in Neurobiology and Virology: Functional Roles and Potential Therapeutic Approaches. JACS AU 2021; 1:2146-2161. [PMID: 34977886 PMCID: PMC8715485 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A G-quadruplex (G4) is a four-stranded nucleic acid secondary structure maintained by Hoogsteen hydrogen bonds established between four guanines. Experimental studies and bioinformatics predictions support the hypothesis that these structures are involved in different cellular functions associated with both DNA and RNA processes. An increasing number of diseases have been shown to be associated with abnormal G4 regulation. Here, we describe the existence of G4 and then discuss G4-related pathogenic mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases and the viral life cycle. Furthermore, we focus on the role of G4s in the design of antiviral therapy and neuropharmacology, including G4 ligands, G4-based aptamers, G4-related proteins, and CRISPR-based sequence editing, along with a discussion of limitations and insights into the prospects of this unusual nucleic acid secondary structure in therapeutics. Finally, we highlight progress and challenges in this field and the potential G4-related research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglei Xu
- The
Institute of Advanced Studies, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers-Ministry
of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Haiyan Huang
- Key
Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers-Ministry of Education, College of
Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan
University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- The
Institute of Advanced Studies, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers-Ministry
of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Key
Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers-Ministry of Education, College of
Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan
University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Email to X.Z.:
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21
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Deep post-GWAS analysis identifies potential risk genes and risk variants for Alzheimer's disease, providing new insights into its disease mechanisms. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20511. [PMID: 34654853 PMCID: PMC8519945 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99352-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a genetically complex, multifactorial neurodegenerative disease. It affects more than 45 million people worldwide and currently remains untreatable. Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified many AD-associated common variants, only about 25 genes are currently known to affect the risk of developing AD, despite its highly polygenic nature. Moreover, the risk variants underlying GWAS AD-association signals remain unknown. Here, we describe a deep post-GWAS analysis of AD-associated variants, using an integrated computational framework for predicting both disease genes and their risk variants. We identified 342 putative AD risk genes in 203 risk regions spanning 502 AD-associated common variants. 246 AD risk genes have not been identified as AD risk genes by previous GWAS collected in GWAS catalogs, and 115 of 342 AD risk genes are outside the risk regions, likely under the regulation of transcriptional regulatory elements contained therein. Even more significantly, for 109 AD risk genes, we predicted 150 risk variants, of both coding and regulatory (in promoters or enhancers) types, and 85 (57%) of them are supported by functional annotation. In-depth functional analyses showed that AD risk genes were overrepresented in AD-related pathways or GO terms—e.g., the complement and coagulation cascade and phosphorylation and activation of immune response—and their expression was relatively enriched in microglia, endothelia, and pericytes of the human brain. We found nine AD risk genes—e.g., IL1RAP, PMAIP1, LAMTOR4—as predictors for the prognosis of AD survival and genes such as ARL6IP5 with altered network connectivity between AD patients and normal individuals involved in AD progression. Our findings open new strategies for developing therapeutics targeting AD risk genes or risk variants to influence AD pathogenesis.
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22
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Hsieh TJ, Lee WJ, Liao YC, Hsu CC, Fang YH, Chen TY, Lin YS, Chang IS, Wang SJ, Hsiung CA, Fuh JL. Association between Alzheimer's disease genes and trajectories of cognitive function decline in Han Chinese in Taiwan. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:17237-17252. [PMID: 34214049 PMCID: PMC8312434 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Genetic background has been considered one of the important contributors to the rate of cognitive decline among patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We conducted a 4-year longitudinal follow-up study, recruited 255 AD and 44 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, and used a data-driven trajectory analysis to examine the influence of selected AD risk genes on the age for and the rate of cognitive decline in Han Chinese population. Genotyping of selected single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the APOE, ABCA7, SORL1, BIN1, GAB2, and CD33 genes was conducted, and a Bayesian hierarchical model was fitted to analyze the trajectories of cognitive decline among different genotypes. After adjusting for sex and education years, the APOE ε4 allele was associated with an earlier mean change of −2.39 years in the age at midpoint of cognitive decline, the G allele in ABCA7 rs3764650 was associated with an earlier mean change of −1.75 years, and the T allele in SORL1 rs3737529 was associated with a later mean change of 2.6 years. Additionally, the rate of cognitive decline was associated with the APOE ε4 allele and SORL1 rs3737529. In summary, APOE and SORL1 might be the most important genetic factors related to cognitive decline in Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Jen Hsieh
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ju Lee
- Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University Schools of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Dementia Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chu Liao
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University Schools of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Hsu
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Hwei Fang
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yu Chen
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Shuan Lin
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University Schools of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Shou Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Shuu-Jiun Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University Schools of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao A Hsiung
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Ling Fuh
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University Schools of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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23
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Aliperti V, Skonieczna J, Cerase A. Long Non-Coding RNA (lncRNA) Roles in Cell Biology, Neurodevelopment and Neurological Disorders. Noncoding RNA 2021; 7:36. [PMID: 34204536 PMCID: PMC8293397 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna7020036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Development is a complex process regulated both by genetic and epigenetic and environmental clues. Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as key regulators of gene expression in several tissues including the brain. Altered expression of lncRNAs has been linked to several neurodegenerative, neurodevelopmental and mental disorders. The identification and characterization of lncRNAs that are deregulated or mutated in neurodevelopmental and mental health diseases are fundamental to understanding the complex transcriptional processes in brain function. Crucially, lncRNAs can be exploited as a novel target for treating neurological disorders. In our review, we first summarize the recent advances in our understanding of lncRNA functions in the context of cell biology and then discussing their association with selected neuronal development and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Aliperti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Justyna Skonieczna
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK;
| | - Andrea Cerase
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK;
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24
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Long non-coding RNAs in neurodegenerative diseases. Neurochem Int 2021; 148:105096. [PMID: 34118305 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are gradually becoming the main burden of society. The morbidity and mortality caused by neurodegenerative diseases remain significant health-care concerns. For most neurodegenerative diseases, there are no effective treatments. Over the past few decades, in a quest to exploit efficacious disease-modifying therapies for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, disease mechanisms, reliable biomarkers and therapeutic targets have become a research priority. At present, lncRNA is an area with potential research value. In this article, we first summarize some of the existing results of research into lncRNAs, including origin, molecular characteristics, location types, and functional types. We then introduce the possible functions of lncRNAs in different neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, some lncRNAs which show promise as biomarkers or potential therapeutic targets are systematically summarized.
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25
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Seto M, Weiner RL, Dumitrescu L, Hohman TJ. Protective genes and pathways in Alzheimer's disease: moving towards precision interventions. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:29. [PMID: 33926499 PMCID: PMC8086309 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00452-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by neurodegeneration, cognitive impairment, and an eventual inability to perform daily tasks. The etiology of Alzheimer's is complex, with numerous environmental and genetic factors contributing to the disease. Late-onset AD is highly heritable (60 to 80%), and over 40 risk loci for AD have been identified via large genome-wide association studies, most of which are common variants with small effect sizes. Although these discoveries have provided novel insight on biological contributors to AD, disease-modifying treatments remain elusive. Recently, the concepts of resistance to pathology and resilience against the downstream consequences of pathology have been of particular interest in the Alzheimer's field as studies continue to identify individuals who evade the pathology of the disease even into late life and individuals who have all of the neuropathological features of AD but evade downstream neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. It has been hypothesized that a shift in focus from Alzheimer's risk to resilience presents an opportunity to uncover novel biological mechanisms of AD and to identify promising therapeutic targets for the disease. This review will highlight a selection of genes and variants that have been reported to confer protection from AD within the literature and will also discuss evidence for the biological underpinnings behind their protective effect with a focus on genes involved in lipid metabolism, cellular trafficking, endosomal and lysosomal function, synaptic function, and inflammation. Finally, we offer some recommendations in areas where the field can rapidly advance towards precision interventions that leverage the ideas of protection and resilience for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabel Seto
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1207 17th Ave S, Nashville, TN 37212 USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Rebecca L. Weiner
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1207 17th Ave S, Nashville, TN 37212 USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Logan Dumitrescu
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1207 17th Ave S, Nashville, TN 37212 USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Timothy J. Hohman
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1207 17th Ave S, Nashville, TN 37212 USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
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26
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Cave JW, Willis DE. G-quadruplex regulation of neural gene expression. FEBS J 2021; 289:3284-3303. [PMID: 33905176 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
G-quadruplexes are four-stranded helical nucleic acid structures characterized by stacked tetrads of guanosine bases. These structures are widespread throughout mammalian genomic DNA and RNA transcriptomes, and prevalent across all tissues. The role of G-quadruplexes in cancer is well-established, but there has been a growing exploration of these structures in the development and homeostasis of normal tissue. In this review, we focus on the roles of G-quadruplexes in directing gene expression in the nervous system, including the regulation of gene transcription, mRNA processing, and trafficking, as well as protein translation. The role of G-quadruplexes and their molecular interactions in the pathology of neurological diseases is also examined. Outside of cancer, there has been only limited exploration of G-quadruplexes as potential intervention targets to treat disease or injury. We discuss studies that have used small-molecule ligands to manipulate G-quadruplex stability in order to treat disease or direct neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation into therapeutically relevant cell types. Understanding the many roles that G-quadruplexes have in the nervous system not only provides critical insight into fundamental molecular mechanisms that control neurological function, but also provides opportunities to identify novel therapeutic targets to treat injury and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Cave
- InVitro Cell Research LLC, Englewood, NJ, USA
| | - Dianna E Willis
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY, USA.,Feil Family Brain & Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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27
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Ding B, Sepehrimanesh M. Nucleocytoplasmic Transport: Regulatory Mechanisms and the Implications in Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4165. [PMID: 33920577 PMCID: PMC8072611 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleocytoplasmic transport (NCT) across the nuclear envelope is precisely regulated in eukaryotic cells, and it plays critical roles in maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that dysregulations of NCT are implicated in aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Huntington disease (HD). This is an emerging research field. The molecular mechanisms underlying impaired NCT and the pathogenesis leading to neurodegeneration are not clear. In this review, we comprehensively described the components of NCT machinery, including nuclear envelope (NE), nuclear pore complex (NPC), importins and exportins, RanGTPase and its regulators, and the regulatory mechanisms of nuclear transport of both protein and transcript cargos. Additionally, we discussed the possible molecular mechanisms of impaired NCT underlying aging and neurodegenerative diseases, such as ALS/FTD, HD, and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojin Ding
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 410 East Saint Mary Boulevard, Lafayette, LA 70503, USA;
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28
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Al-Thani HF, Ahmad MN, Younes S, Zayed H. Genetic Variants Associated With Alzheimer Disease in the 22 Arab Countries: A Systematic Review. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2021; 35:178-186. [PMID: 33769987 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Alzheimer disease (AD) is a progressive and complex neurodegenerative disease. Approximately 70% of AD risk is attributed to genetic risk factors, including variants in amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 (PSEN1), and presenilin 2 (PSEN2) genes. Several studies have revealed a considerable number of candidate loci and genes for AD among different ethnic populations. However, the outcomes of these studies have been inconsistent. In this study, we aimed to investigate the spectrum of variants that are associated with the onset and development of AD among 22 Arab countries. METHODOLOGY We systematically searched 4 literature databases (Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science) from the date of inception until July 2020 using various search terms to obtain all the reported genetic data on Arab AD cases. RESULTS In total, 18 studies were included, comprising a total of 2173 individuals, of whom 888 were clinically diagnosed AD patients and were genetically tested for genes and variants associated with AD. A total of 27 variants in 8 genes were found to be associated with AD. Of these variants, 17 were unique to the Arab population and 10 were shared with other ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS There is a dearth of studies on the genetics of AD in the Arab world. There seems to be distinctive genetic and clinical susceptibility profiles for Arab patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hissa F Al-Thani
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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29
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Hoogmartens J, Cacace R, Van Broeckhoven C. Insight into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer's disease: A comprehensive review of the role of rare variants. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 13:e12155. [PMID: 33665345 PMCID: PMC7896636 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) is generally known as a dominant disease due to highly penetrant pathogenic mutations in the amyloid precursor protein, presenilin 1 and 2. However, they explain only a fraction of EOAD patients (5% to 10%). Furthermore, only 10% to 15% of EOAD families present with clear autosomal dominant inheritance. Studies showed that only 35% to 60% of EOAD patients have at least one affected first-degree relative. Parent-offspring concordance in EOAD was estimated to be <10%, indicating that full penetrant dominant alleles are not the sole players in EOAD. We aim to summarize current knowledge of rare variants underlying familial and seemingly sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Genetic findings indicate that in addition to the amyloid beta pathway, other pathways are of importance in AD pathophysiology. We discuss the difficulties in interpreting the influence of rare variants on disease onset and we underline the value of carefully selected ethnicity-matched cohorts in AD genetic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Hoogmartens
- Neurodegenerative Brain DiseasesVIB Center for Molecular NeurologyAntwerpBelgium
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Rita Cacace
- Neurodegenerative Brain DiseasesVIB Center for Molecular NeurologyAntwerpBelgium
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain DiseasesVIB Center for Molecular NeurologyAntwerpBelgium
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
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30
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Loeffler DA. Modifiable, Non-Modifiable, and Clinical Factors Associated with Progression of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:1-27. [PMID: 33459643 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There is an extensive literature relating to factors associated with the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but less is known about factors which may contribute to its progression. This review examined the literature with regard to 15 factors which were suggested by PubMed search to be positively associated with the cognitive and/or neuropathological progression of AD. The factors were grouped as potentially modifiable (vascular risk factors, comorbidities, malnutrition, educational level, inflammation, and oxidative stress), non-modifiable (age at clinical onset, family history of dementia, gender, Apolipoprotein E ɛ4, genetic variants, and altered gene regulation), and clinical (baseline cognitive level, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and extrapyramidal signs). Although conflicting results were found for the majority of factors, a positive association was found in nearly all studies which investigated the relationship of six factors to AD progression: malnutrition, genetic variants, altered gene regulation, baseline cognitive level, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and extrapyramidal signs. Whether these or other factors which have been suggested to be associated with AD progression actually influence the rate of decline of AD patients is unclear. Therapeutic approaches which include addressing of modifiable factors associated with AD progression should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Loeffler
- Beaumont Research Institute, Department of Neurology, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
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31
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Calabrò M, Rinaldi C, Santoro G, Crisafulli C. The biological pathways of Alzheimer disease: a review. AIMS Neurosci 2020; 8:86-132. [PMID: 33490374 PMCID: PMC7815481 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2021005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, mainly affecting older people, which severely impairs patients' quality of life. In the recent years, the number of affected individuals has seen a rapid increase. It is estimated that up to 107 million subjects will be affected by 2050 worldwide. Research in this area has revealed a lot about the biological and environmental underpinnings of Alzheimer, especially its correlation with β-Amyloid and Tau related mechanics; however, the precise molecular events and biological pathways behind the disease are yet to be discovered. In this review, we focus our attention on the biological mechanics that may lie behind Alzheimer development. In particular, we briefly describe the genetic elements and discuss about specific biological processes potentially associated with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Concetta Crisafulli
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Italy
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32
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Tüshaus J, Müller SA, Kataka ES, Zaucha J, Sebastian Monasor L, Su M, Güner G, Jocher G, Tahirovic S, Frishman D, Simons M, Lichtenthaler SF. An optimized quantitative proteomics method establishes the cell type-resolved mouse brain secretome. EMBO J 2020; 39:e105693. [PMID: 32954517 PMCID: PMC7560198 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020105693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand how cells communicate in the nervous system, it is essential to define their secretome, which is challenging for primary cells because of large cell numbers being required. Here, we miniaturized secretome analysis by developing the “high‐performance secretome protein enrichment with click sugars” (hiSPECS) method. To demonstrate its broad utility, hiSPECS was used to identify the secretory response of brain slices upon LPS‐induced neuroinflammation and to establish the cell type‐resolved mouse brain secretome resource using primary astrocytes, microglia, neurons, and oligodendrocytes. This resource allowed mapping the cellular origin of CSF proteins and revealed that an unexpectedly high number of secreted proteins in vitro and in vivo are proteolytically cleaved membrane protein ectodomains. Two examples are neuronally secreted ADAM22 and CD200, which we identified as substrates of the Alzheimer‐linked protease BACE1. hiSPECS and the brain secretome resource can be widely exploited to systematically study protein secretion and brain function and to identify cell type‐specific biomarkers for CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Tüshaus
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan A Müller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Evans Sioma Kataka
- Department of Bioinformatics, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Jan Zaucha
- Department of Bioinformatics, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | | | - Minhui Su
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gökhan Güner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Jocher
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabina Tahirovic
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Dmitrij Frishman
- Department of Bioinformatics, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Mikael Simons
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan F Lichtenthaler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
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33
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Lee C, Willerth SM, Nygaard HB. The Use of Patient-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Alzheimer’s Disease Modeling. Prog Neurobiol 2020; 192:101804. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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34
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Ennerfelt HE, Lukens JR. The role of innate immunity in Alzheimer's disease. Immunol Rev 2020; 297:225-246. [PMID: 32588460 PMCID: PMC7783860 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid hypothesis has dominated Alzheimer's disease (AD) research for almost 30 years. This hypothesis hinges on the predominant clinical role of the amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide in propagating neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and eventual cognitive impairment in AD. Recent research in the AD field has identified the brain-resident macrophages, known as microglia, and their receptors as integral regulators of both the initiation and propagation of inflammation, Aβ accumulation, neuronal loss, and memory decline in AD. Emerging studies have also begun to reveal critical roles for distinct innate immune pathways in AD pathogenesis, which has led to great interest in harnessing the innate immune response as a therapeutic strategy to treat AD. In this review, we will highlight recent advancements in our understanding of innate immunity and inflammation in AD onset and progression. Additionally, there has been mounting evidence suggesting pivotal contributions of environmental factors and lifestyle choices in AD pathogenesis. Therefore, we will also discuss recent findings, suggesting that many of these AD risk factors influence AD progression via modulation of microglia and immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E. Ennerfelt
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Training Program, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - John R. Lukens
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Training Program, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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35
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Tang ZZ, Sliwoski GR, Chen G, Jin B, Bush WS, Li B, Capra JA. PSCAN: Spatial scan tests guided by protein structures improve complex disease gene discovery and signal variant detection. Genome Biol 2020; 21:217. [PMID: 32847609 PMCID: PMC7448521 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-020-02121-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline disease-causing variants are generally more spatially clustered in protein 3-dimensional structures than benign variants. Motivated by this tendency, we develop a fast and powerful protein-structure-based scan (PSCAN) approach for evaluating gene-level associations with complex disease and detecting signal variants. We validate PSCAN's performance on synthetic data and two real data sets for lipid traits and Alzheimer's disease. Our results demonstrate that PSCAN performs competitively with existing gene-level tests while increasing power and identifying more specific signal variant sets. Furthermore, PSCAN enables generation of hypotheses about the molecular basis for the associations in the context of protein structures and functional domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Zheng Tang
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53715 WI USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, Madison, 53715 WI USA
| | - Gregory R. Sliwoski
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, 37232 TN USA
| | - Guanhua Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53715 WI USA
| | - Bowen Jin
- Department for Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, 44106 OH USA
| | - William S. Bush
- Department for Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, 44106 OH USA
- Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, 44106 OH USA
| | - Bingshan Li
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, 37232 TN USA
| | - John A. Capra
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, 37232 TN USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, 37232 TN USA
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, 37232 TN USA
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, 37232 TN USA
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Guo T, Zhang D, Zeng Y, Huang TY, Xu H, Zhao Y. Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2020; 15:40. [PMID: 32677986 PMCID: PMC7364557 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-020-00391-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 394] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder seen in age-dependent dementia. There is currently no effective treatment for AD, which may be attributed in part to lack of a clear underlying mechanism. Studies within the last few decades provide growing evidence for a central role of amyloid β (Aβ) and tau, as well as glial contributions to various molecular and cellular pathways in AD pathogenesis. Herein, we review recent progress with respect to Aβ- and tau-associated mechanisms, and discuss glial dysfunction in AD with emphasis on neuronal and glial receptors that mediate Aβ-induced toxicity. We also discuss other critical factors that may affect AD pathogenesis, including genetics, aging, variables related to environment, lifestyle habits, and describe the potential role of apolipoprotein E (APOE), viral and bacterial infection, sleep, and microbiota. Although we have gained much towards understanding various aspects underlying this devastating neurodegenerative disorder, greater commitment towards research in molecular mechanism, diagnostics and treatment will be needed in future AD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Guo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Denghong Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuzhe Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Orthopaedic Center of People's Liberation Army, The Affiliated Southeast Hospital of Xiamen University, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Timothy Y Huang
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.
| | - Yingjun Zhao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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Ahmadi S, Zobeiri M, Bradburn S. Molecular mechanisms underlying actions of certain long noncoding RNAs in Alzheimer's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:681-693. [PMID: 32185592 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00564-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a group of non-protein coding RNAs that have more than 200 nucleotides. LncRNAs play an important role in the regulation of protein-coding genes at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. They are found in most organs, with a high prevalence in the central nervous system. Accumulating data suggests that lncRNAs are involved in various neurodegenerative disorders, including the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent insights suggest lncRNAs, such as BACE1-AS, 51A, 17A, NDM29 and AS-UCHL1, are dysregulated in AD tissues. Furthermore, there are ongoing efforts to explore the clinical usability of lncRNAs as biomarkers in the disease. In this review, we explore the mechanisms by which aberrant expressions of the most studied lncRNAs contribute to the neuropathologies associated with AD, including amyloid β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs in patients with AD will reveal novel diagnosis strategies and more effective therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamseddin Ahmadi
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Zobeiri
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Steven Bradburn
- Bioscience Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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Pharmacogenomics of Cognitive Dysfunction and Neuropsychiatric Disorders in Dementia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093059. [PMID: 32357528 PMCID: PMC7246738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Symptomatic interventions for patients with dementia involve anti-dementia drugs to improve cognition, psychotropic drugs for the treatment of behavioral disorders (BDs), and different categories of drugs for concomitant disorders. Demented patients may take >6–10 drugs/day with the consequent risk for drug–drug interactions and adverse drug reactions (ADRs >80%) which accelerate cognitive decline. The pharmacoepigenetic machinery is integrated by pathogenic, mechanistic, metabolic, transporter, and pleiotropic genes redundantly and promiscuously regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. CYP2D6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4/5 geno-phenotypes are involved in the metabolism of over 90% of drugs currently used in patients with dementia, and only 20% of the population is an extensive metabolizer for this tetragenic cluster. ADRs associated with anti-dementia drugs, antipsychotics, antidepressants, anxiolytics, hypnotics, sedatives, and antiepileptic drugs can be minimized by means of pharmacogenetic screening prior to treatment. These drugs are substrates, inhibitors, or inducers of 58, 37, and 42 enzyme/protein gene products, respectively, and are transported by 40 different protein transporters. APOE is the reference gene in most pharmacogenetic studies. APOE-3 carriers are the best responders and APOE-4 carriers are the worst responders; likewise, CYP2D6-normal metabolizers are the best responders and CYP2D6-poor metabolizers are the worst responders. The incorporation of pharmacogenomic strategies for a personalized treatment in dementia is an effective option to optimize limited therapeutic resources and to reduce unwanted side-effects.
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Wade KH, Hall LJ. Improving causality in microbiome research: can human genetic epidemiology help? Wellcome Open Res 2020; 4:199. [PMID: 32462081 PMCID: PMC7217228 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15628.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence supports associations between human gut microbiome variation and multiple health outcomes and diseases. Despite compelling results from in vivo and in vitro models, few findings have been translated into an understanding of modifiable causal relationships. Furthermore, epidemiological studies have been unconvincing in their ability to offer causal evidence due to their observational nature, where confounding by lifestyle and behavioural factors, reverse causation and bias are important limitations. Whilst randomized controlled trials have made steps towards understanding the causal role played by the gut microbiome in disease, they are expensive and time-consuming. This evidence that has not been translated between model systems impedes opportunities for harnessing the gut microbiome for improving population health. Therefore, there is a need for alternative approaches to interrogate causality in the context of gut microbiome research. The integration of human genetics within population health sciences have proved successful in facilitating improved causal inference (e.g., with Mendelian randomization [MR] studies) and characterising inherited disease susceptibility. MR is an established method that employs human genetic variation as natural "proxies" for clinically relevant (and ideally modifiable) traits to improve causality in observational associations between those traits and health outcomes. Here, we focus and discuss the utility of MR within the context of human gut microbiome research, review studies that have used this method and consider the strengths, limitations and challenges facing this research. Specifically, we highlight the requirements for careful examination and interpretation of derived causal estimates and host (i.e., human) genetic effects themselves, triangulation across multiple study designs and inter-disciplinary collaborations. Meeting these requirements will help support or challenge causality of the role played by the gut microbiome on human health to develop new, targeted therapies to alleviate disease symptoms to ultimately improve lives and promote good health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin H. Wade
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Lindsay J. Hall
- Gut Microbes & Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
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40
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Wade KH, Hall LJ. Improving causality in microbiome research: can human genetic epidemiology help? Wellcome Open Res 2020; 4:199. [PMID: 32462081 PMCID: PMC7217228 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15628.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 03/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Evidence supports associations between human gut microbiome variation and multiple health outcomes and diseases. Despite compelling results from in vivo and in vitro models, few findings have been translated into an understanding of modifiable causal relationships. Furthermore, epidemiological studies have been unconvincing in their ability to offer causal evidence due to their observational nature, where confounding by lifestyle and behavioural factors, reverse causation and bias are important limitations. Whilst randomized controlled trials have made steps towards understanding the causal role played by the gut microbiome in disease, they are expensive and time-consuming. This evidence that has not been translated between model systems impedes opportunities for harnessing the gut microbiome for improving population health. Therefore, there is a need for alternative approaches to interrogate causality in the context of gut microbiome research. The integration of human genetics within population health sciences have proved successful in facilitating improved causal inference (e.g., with Mendelian randomization [MR] studies) and characterising inherited disease susceptibility. MR is an established method that employs human genetic variation as natural "proxies" for clinically relevant (and ideally modifiable) traits to improve causality in observational associations between those traits and health outcomes. Here, we focus and discuss the utility of MR within the context of human gut microbiome research, review studies that have used this method and consider the strengths, limitations and challenges facing this research. Specifically, we highlight the requirements for careful examination and interpretation of derived causal estimates and host (i.e., human) genetic effects themselves, triangulation across multiple study designs and inter-disciplinary collaborations. Meeting these requirements will help support or challenge causality of the role played by the gut microbiome on human health to develop new, targeted therapies to alleviate disease symptoms to ultimately improve lives and promote good health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin H. Wade
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Lindsay J. Hall
- Gut Microbes & Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
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41
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Grodzicki W, Dziendzikowska K. The Role of Selected Bioactive Compounds in the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9030229. [PMID: 32168776 PMCID: PMC7139322 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9030229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is a feature of many debilitating, incurable age-dependent diseases that affect the nervous system and represent a major threat to the health of elderly persons. Because of the ongoing process of aging experienced by modern societies, the increasing prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases is becoming a global public health concern. A major cause of age-related dementia is Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Currently, there are no effective therapies to slow, stop, or reverse the progression of this disease. However, many studies have suggested that modification of lifestyle factors, such as the introduction of an appropriate diet, can delay or prevent the onset of this disorder. Diet is currently considered to be a crucial factor in controlling health and protecting oneself against oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, and thus against chronic degenerative diseases. A large number of bioactive food compounds may influence the pathological mechanisms underlying AD. Among them, phenolic compounds, omega-3 fatty acids, fat-soluble vitamins, isothiocyanates, and carotenoids seem to be promising. They act not only as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents, but also as active modulators of the pathological molecular mechanisms that play a role in AD development, including the formation of amyloid plaques and tau tangles, the main hallmarks of AD pathology. In vivo animal model studies as well as clinical and epidemiological research suggest that nutritional intervention has a positive effect on the health of older people and may prevent age-related cognitive decline, especially when the diet contains more than one bioactive nutrient. The Mediterranean diet and in particular its combination with Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, which is called the MIND diet, are nutritional patterns based on many products rich in bioactive compounds that appear to be the most effective in preventing neurodegeneration. The present review gathers evidence that supports the neuroprotective effect of bioactive substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Grodzicki
- Faculty of Human Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Dziendzikowska
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +48-2259-37-033
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Lee T, Lee H. Prediction of Alzheimer's disease using blood gene expression data. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3485. [PMID: 32103140 PMCID: PMC7044318 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60595-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of AD (Alzheimer's disease)-related genes obtained from blood samples is crucial for early AD diagnosis. We used three public datasets, ADNI, AddNeuroMed1 (ANM1), and ANM2, for this study. Five feature selection methods and five classifiers were used to curate AD-related genes and discriminate AD patients, respectively. In the internal validation (five-fold cross-validation within each dataset), the best average values of the area under the curve (AUC) were 0.657, 0.874, and 0.804 for ADNI, ANMI, and ANM2, respectively. In the external validation (training and test sets from different datasets), the best AUCs were 0.697 (training: ADNI to testing: ANM1), 0.764 (ADNI to ANM2), 0.619 (ANM1 to ADNI), 0.79 (ANM1 to ANM2), 0.655 (ANM2 to ADNI), and 0.859 (ANM2 to ANM1), respectively. These results suggest that although the classification performance of ADNI is relatively lower than that of ANM1 and ANM2, classifiers trained using blood gene expression can be used to classify AD for other data sets. In addition, pathway analysis showed that AD-related genes were enriched with inflammation, mitochondria, and Wnt signaling pathways. Our study suggests that blood gene expression data are useful in predicting the AD classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taesic Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hyunju Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea.
- Artificial Intelligence Graduate School, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea.
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea.
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Ding X, Fu R, Tian F. De novo resonance assignment of the transmembrane domain of LR11/SorLA in E. coli membranes. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2020; 310:106639. [PMID: 31734618 PMCID: PMC6935515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2019.106639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Membrane proteins perform many important cellular functions. Historically, structural studies of these proteins have been conducted in detergent preparations and synthetic lipid bilayers. More recently, magic-angle-spinning (MAS) solid-state NMR has been employed to analyze membrane proteins in native membrane environments, but resonance assignments with this technique remain challenging due to limited spectral resolution and high resonance degeneracy. To tackle this issue, we combine reverse labeling of amino acids, frequency-selective dipolar dephasing, and NMR difference spectroscopy. These methods have resulted in nearly complete resonance assignments of the transmembrane domain of human LR11 (SorLA) protein in E. coli membranes. To reduce background signals from E. coli lipids and proteins and improve spectral sensitivity, we effectively utilize amylose affinity chromatography to prepare membrane vesicles when MBP is included as a fusion partner in the expression construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Riqiang Fu
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA.
| | - Fang Tian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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Rivera-Escalera F, Pinney JJ, Owlett L, Ahmed H, Thakar J, Olschowka JA, Elliott MR, O’Banion MK. IL-1β-driven amyloid plaque clearance is associated with an expansion of transcriptionally reprogrammed microglia. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:261. [PMID: 31822279 PMCID: PMC6902486 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1645-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet numerous studies have demonstrated a beneficial role for neuroinflammation in amyloid plaque clearance. We have previously shown that sustained expression of IL-1β in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice decreases amyloid plaque burden independent of recruited CCR2+ myeloid cells, suggesting resident microglia as the main phagocytic effectors of IL-1β-induced plaque clearance. To date, however, the mechanisms of IL-1β-induced plaque clearance remain poorly understood. METHODS To determine whether microglia are involved in IL-1β-induced plaque clearance, APP/PS1 mice induced to express mature human IL-1β in the hippocampus via adenoviral transduction were treated with the Aβ fluorescent probe methoxy-X04 (MX04) and microglial internalization of fibrillar Aβ (fAβ) was analyzed by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. To assess microglial proliferation, APP/PS1 mice transduced with IL-1β or control were injected intraperitoneally with BrdU and hippocampal tissue was analyzed by flow cytometry. RNAseq analysis was conducted on microglia FACS sorted from the hippocampus of control or IL-1β-treated APP/PS1 mice. These microglia were also sorted based on MX04 labeling (MX04+ and MX04- microglia). RESULTS Resident microglia (CD45loCD11b+) constituted > 70% of the MX04+ cells in both Phe- and IL-1β-treated conditions, and < 15% of MX04+ cells were recruited myeloid cells (CD45hiCD11b+). However, IL-1β treatment did not augment the percentage of MX04+ microglia nor the quantity of fAβ internalized by individual microglia. Instead, IL-1β increased the total number of MX04+ microglia in the hippocampus due to IL-1β-induced proliferation. In addition, transcriptomic analyses revealed that IL-1β treatment was associated with large-scale changes in the expression of genes related to immune responses, proliferation, and cytokine signaling. CONCLUSIONS These studies show that IL-1β overexpression early in amyloid pathogenesis induces a change in the microglial gene expression profile and an expansion of microglial cells that facilitates Aβ plaque clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Rivera-Escalera
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 603, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Jonathan J. Pinney
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Laura Owlett
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 603, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
- Del Monte Neuroscience Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Hoda Ahmed
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 603, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Juilee Thakar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY USA
| | - John A. Olschowka
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 603, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
- Del Monte Neuroscience Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Michael R. Elliott
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY USA
| | - M. Kerry O’Banion
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 603, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
- Del Monte Neuroscience Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY USA
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45
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Wade KH, Hall LJ. Improving causality in microbiome research: can human genetic epidemiology help? Wellcome Open Res 2019; 4:199. [PMID: 32462081 PMCID: PMC7217228 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15628.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 03/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Evidence supports associations between human gut microbiome variation and multiple health outcomes and diseases. Despite compelling results from in vivo and in vitro models, few findings have been translated into an understanding of modifiable causal relationships. Furthermore, epidemiological studies have been unconvincing in their ability to offer causal evidence due to their observational nature, where confounding by lifestyle and behavioural factors, reverse causation and bias are important limitations. Whilst randomized controlled trials have made steps towards understanding the causal role played by the gut microbiome in disease, they are expensive and time-consuming. This evidence that has not been translated between model systems impedes opportunities for harnessing the gut microbiome for improving population health. Therefore, there is a need for alternative approaches to interrogate causality in the context of gut microbiome research. The integration of human genetics within population health sciences have proved successful in facilitating improved causal inference (e.g., with Mendelian randomization [MR] studies) and characterising inherited disease susceptibility. MR is an established method that employs human genetic variation as natural "proxies" for clinically relevant (and ideally modifiable) traits to improve causality in observational associations between those traits and health outcomes. Here, we focus and discuss the utility of MR within the context of human gut microbiome research, review studies that have used this method and consider the strengths, limitations and challenges facing this research. Specifically, we highlight the requirements for careful examination and interpretation of derived causal estimates and host (i.e., human) genetic effects themselves, triangulation across multiple study designs and inter-disciplinary collaborations. Meeting these requirements will help support or challenge causality of the role played by the gut microbiome on human health to develop new, targeted therapies to alleviate disease symptoms to ultimately improve lives and promote good health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin H. Wade
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Lindsay J. Hall
- Gut Microbes & Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
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46
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Di Martino R, Sticco L, Luini A. Regulation of cargo export and sorting at the trans‐Golgi network. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:2306-2318. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Di Martino
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC) Italian National Research Council (CNR) Naples Italy
| | - Lucia Sticco
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC) Italian National Research Council (CNR) Naples Italy
| | - Alberto Luini
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC) Italian National Research Council (CNR) Naples Italy
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47
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Tao QQ, Chen YC, Wu ZY. The role of CD2AP in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. Aging Dis 2019; 10:901-907. [PMID: 31440393 PMCID: PMC6675523 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2018.1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease characterized by irreversible decline in cognition with unclear pathogenesis. Recently, accumulating evidence has revealed that CD2 associated protein (CD2AP), a scaffolding molecule regulates signal transduction and cytoskeletal molecules, is implicated in AD pathogenesis. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CD2AP gene are associated with higher risk for AD and mRNA levels of CD2AP are decreased in peripheral lymphocytes of sporadic AD patients. Furthermore, CD2AP loss of function is linked to enhanced Aβ production, Tau-induced neurotoxicity, abnormal neurite structure modulation and reduced blood-brain barrier integrity. This review is to summarize the recent discoveries about the genetics and known functions of CD2AP. The recent evidence concerning the roles of CD2AP in the AD pathogenesis is summarized and CD2AP can be a promising therapeutic target for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Tao
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Chao Chen
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Wu
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Dourlen P, Kilinc D, Malmanche N, Chapuis J, Lambert JC. The new genetic landscape of Alzheimer's disease: from amyloid cascade to genetically driven synaptic failure hypothesis? Acta Neuropathol 2019; 138:221-236. [PMID: 30982098 PMCID: PMC6660578 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-02004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A strong genetic predisposition (60–80% of attributable risk) is present in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In view of this major genetic component, identification of the genetic risk factors has been a major objective in the AD field with the ultimate aim to better understand the pathological processes. In this review, we present how the genetic risk factors are involved in APP metabolism, β-amyloid peptide production, degradation, aggregation and toxicity, innate immunity, and Tau toxicity. In addition, on the basis of the new genetic landscape, resulting from the recent high-throughput genomic approaches and emerging neurobiological information, we propose an over-arching model in which the focal adhesion pathway and the related cell signalling are key elements in AD pathogenesis. The core of the focal adhesion pathway links the physiological functions of amyloid precursor protein and Tau with the pathophysiological processes they are involved in. This model includes several entry points, fitting with the different origins for the disease, and supports the notion that dysregulation of synaptic plasticity is a central node in AD. Notably, our interpretation of the latest data from genome wide association studies complements other hypotheses already developed in the AD field, i.e., amyloid cascade, cellular phase or propagation hypotheses. Genetically driven synaptic failure hypothesis will need to be further tested experimentally within the general AD framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Dourlen
- Unité INSERM 1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, BP 245, 1, rue du professeur Calmette, 59019, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Devrim Kilinc
- Unité INSERM 1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, BP 245, 1, rue du professeur Calmette, 59019, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Malmanche
- Unité INSERM 1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, BP 245, 1, rue du professeur Calmette, 59019, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Julien Chapuis
- Unité INSERM 1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, BP 245, 1, rue du professeur Calmette, 59019, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Charles Lambert
- Unité INSERM 1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, BP 245, 1, rue du professeur Calmette, 59019, Lille Cedex, France.
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Sánchez RG, Parrish RR, Rich M, Webb WM, Lockhart RM, Nakao K, Ianov L, Buckingham SC, Broadwater DR, Jenkins A, de Lanerolle NC, Cunningham M, Eid T, Riley K, Lubin FD. Human and rodent temporal lobe epilepsy is characterized by changes in O-GlcNAc homeostasis that can be reversed to dampen epileptiform activity. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 124:531-543. [PMID: 30625365 PMCID: PMC6379093 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) is frequently associated with changes in protein composition and post-translational modifications (PTM) that exacerbate the disorder. O-linked-β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a PTM occurring at serine/threonine residues that is derived from and closely associated with metabolic substrates. The enzymes O-GlcNActransferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) mediate the addition and removal, respectively, of the O-GlcNAc modification. The goal of this study was to characterize OGT/OGA and protein O-GlcNAcylation in the epileptic hippocampus and to determine and whether direct manipulation of these proteins and PTM's alter epileptiform activity. We observed reduced global and protein specific O-GlcNAcylation and OGT expression in the kainate rat model of TLE and in human TLE hippocampal tissue. Inhibiting OGA with Thiamet-G elevated protein O-GlcNAcylation, and decreased both seizure duration and epileptic spike events, suggesting that OGA may be a therapeutic target for seizure control. These findings suggest that loss of O-GlcNAc homeostasis in the kainate model and in human TLE can be reversed via targeting of O-GlcNAc related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard G Sánchez
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - R Ryley Parrish
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Megan Rich
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - William M Webb
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Roxanne M Lockhart
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Kazuhito Nakao
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Lara Ianov
- Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Susan C Buckingham
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Devin R Broadwater
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Alistair Jenkins
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Nihal C de Lanerolle
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Mark Cunningham
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Tore Eid
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Kristen Riley
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Farah D Lubin
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States.
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Eid A, Mhatre I, Richardson JR. Gene-environment interactions in Alzheimer's disease: A potential path to precision medicine. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 199:173-187. [PMID: 30877021 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in the United States and afflicts >5.7 million Americans in 2018. Therapeutic options remain extremely limited to those that are symptom targeting, while no drugs have been approved for the modification or reversal of the disease itself. Risk factors for AD including aging, the female sex, as well as carrying an APOE4 genotype. These risk factors have been extensively examined in the literature, while less attention has been paid to modifiable risk factors, including lifestyle, and environmental risk factors such as exposures to air pollution and pesticides. This review highlights the most recent data on risk factors in AD and identifies gene by environment interactions that have been investigated. It also provides a suggested framework for a personalized therapeutic approach to AD, by combining genetic, environmental and lifestyle risk factors. Understanding modifiable risk factors and their interaction with non-modifiable factors (age, susceptibility alleles, and sex) is paramount for designing personalized therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aseel Eid
- Department of Environmental Health, Robert Stempel School of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Isha Mhatre
- Department of Environmental Health, Robert Stempel School of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States of America; Department of Neurosciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH
| | - Jason R Richardson
- Department of Environmental Health, Robert Stempel School of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States of America.
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