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Hemajha L, Singh S, Biji CA, Balde A, Benjakul S, Nazeer RA. A review on inflammation modulating venom proteins/peptide therapeutics and their delivery strategies: A review. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 142:113130. [PMID: 39278056 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation is an initial biological reaction that occurs in response to infection caused by foreign pathogens or injury. This process involves a tightly controlled series of signaling events at the molecular and cellular levels, with the ultimate goal of restoring tissue balance and protecting against invading pathogens. Malfunction in the process of inflammation can result in a diverse array of diseases, such as cardiovascular, neurological, and autoimmune disorders. Therefore, the management of inflammation is of utmost importance in modern medicine. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids have long been the mainstays of pharmacological treatment for inflammation, effectively alleviating symptoms in many patients. Recently, toxins and venom, formerly seen as mostly harmful to the human body, have been recognized as possible medicinal substances for treating inflammation. Organisms that are venomous, such as spiders, scorpions, snakes, and certain marine species, have developed a wide range of powerful toxins that can effectively disable or discourage predators. Remarkably, the majority of these poisons and venoms consist of proteins and peptides, which are acknowledged as significant bioactive compounds with medicinal potential. The goal of this review is to investigate the medicinal potential of peptides derived from venoms and their complex mechanism of action in suppressing inflammation. This review also discusses various challenges and future prospects for effective venom delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmikanthan Hemajha
- Biopharmaceuticals Lab, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Simran Singh
- Biopharmaceuticals Lab, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Catherin Ann Biji
- Biopharmaceuticals Lab, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Akshad Balde
- Biopharmaceuticals Lab, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Soottawat Benjakul
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Rasool Abdul Nazeer
- Biopharmaceuticals Lab, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, Tamilnadu, India.
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Lomeli-Lepe AK, Castañeda-Cabral JL, Ureña-Guerrero ME, Cabrera GG, López-Pérez SJ. Bee Venom Reduces Early Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Associated with Lipopolysaccharide-induced Alpha-synuclein in the Substantia Nigra-striatum Axis. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01552-x. [PMID: 39342536 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01552-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are important features in the pathogenesis and development of synucleinopathies, the glial activation and upregulation of pro-inflammatory and oxidative mediators induce alpha-synuclein (α-syn) accumulation. Recent studies have shown that bee venom (BV) has beneficial effects on symptoms of these neurodegenerative diseases. BV is known to exert anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects. Here, we investigated the effects of BV over the different inflammatory and oxidative markers, and in the expression of α-syn and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced rat model of synucleinopathies. We examined whether BV (1.5 mg/kg by acupoint injection ST36 six times every 48 h) could change the α-syn and TH expression measured by western blotting, also, observed the activation of microglia and astrocytes by immunofluorescence, quantified the proinflammatory cytokines levels of tumoral necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and estimated the lipid peroxidation and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) by colorimetric kits in LPS-treated rats (2.5 µg by a single dose intranigral injection) in substantia nigra (SN) and striatum (STR) brain areas. In the LPS-injected rat brain, BV treatment reduced α-syn levels and increased the TH levels. In addition, we observed lower microglia and astrocyte activation in SN and STR. Furthermore, BV decreases IL-1β and lipid peroxidation and increases the CAT activity in the STR. These results indicate that BV can restore the α-syn and TH levels possibly by the inhibition of LPS-induced neuroinflammation and oxidation, also, these results suggest that BV could be a promising treatment option for synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Karen Lomeli-Lepe
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, México
| | - José Luis Castañeda-Cabral
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, México
| | - Mónica E Ureña-Guerrero
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, México
| | - Graciela Gudiño Cabrera
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, México
| | - Silvia Josefina López-Pérez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, México.
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Tan S, Wang Y, Wei X, Xiao X, Gao L. Microneedle-mediated drug delivery for neurological diseases. Int J Pharm 2024; 661:124400. [PMID: 38950662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Neurological disorders, including brain injury, brain tumors, and neurodegenerative diseases, rank as the second leading cause of death worldwide. Exploring effective new treatments for neurological disorders has long been a hot research issue in clinical practice. Recently, microneedles (MNs) have attracted much attention due to their designation as a "painless and non-invasive" novel transdermal delivery method, characterized by their biocompatibility and sustainability. The advantages of MNs open an avenue for potential therapeutic interventions targeting neurological disorders. This review presents a concise overview of progress in the field of MNs, with highlights on the application in the treatment of neurological disorders. Notably, trends in the development of MNs and future challenges are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuna Tan
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
| | - Yitian Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
| | - Xuan Wei
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
| | - Linbo Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
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Bava R, Castagna F, Lupia C, Poerio G, Liguori G, Lombardi R, Naturale MD, Bulotta RM, Biondi V, Passantino A, Britti D, Statti G, Palma E. Hive Products: Composition, Pharmacological Properties, and Therapeutic Applications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:646. [PMID: 38794216 PMCID: PMC11124102 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Beekeeping provides products with nutraceutical and pharmaceutical characteristics. These products are characterized by abundance of bioactive compounds. For different reasons, honey, royal jelly, propolis, venom, and pollen are beneficial to humans and animals and could be used as therapeutics. The pharmacological action of these products is related to many of their constituents. The main bioactive components of honey include oligosaccharides, methylglyoxal, royal jelly proteins (MRJPs), and phenolics compounds. Royal jelly contains jelleins, royalisin peptides, MRJPs, and derivatives of hydroxy-decenoic acid, particularly 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA), which possess antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, neuromodulatory, metabolic syndrome-preventing, and anti-aging properties. Propolis has a plethora of activities that are referable to compounds such as caffeic acid phenethyl ester. Peptides found in bee venom include phospholipase A2, apamin, and melittin. In addition to being vitamin-rich, bee pollen also includes unsaturated fatty acids, sterols, and phenolics compounds that express antiatherosclerotic, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, the constituents of hive products are particular and different. All of these constituents have been investigated for their properties in numerous research studies. This review aims to provide a thorough screening of the bioactive chemicals found in honeybee products and their beneficial biological effects. The manuscript may provide impetus to the branch of unconventional medicine that goes by the name of apitherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Bava
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (R.M.B.); (D.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Fabio Castagna
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (R.M.B.); (D.B.); (E.P.)
- Mediterranean Ethnobotanical Conservatory, Sersale (CZ), 88054 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carmine Lupia
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (R.M.B.); (D.B.); (E.P.)
- Mediterranean Ethnobotanical Conservatory, Sersale (CZ), 88054 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giusi Poerio
- ATS Val Padana, Via dei Toscani, 46100 Mantova, Italy;
| | | | - Renato Lombardi
- IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), 71013 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Maria Diana Naturale
- Ministry of Health, Directorate General for Health Programming, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Rosa Maria Bulotta
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (R.M.B.); (D.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Vito Biondi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (V.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Annamaria Passantino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (V.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Domenico Britti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (R.M.B.); (D.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Giancarlo Statti
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy;
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (R.M.B.); (D.B.); (E.P.)
- Center for Pharmacological Research, Food Safety, High Tech and Health (IRC-FSH), University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Therapeutic Use of Bee Venom and Potential Applications in Veterinary Medicine. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10020119. [PMID: 36851423 PMCID: PMC9965945 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Apitherapy is a branch of alternative medicine that consists of the treatment of diseases through products collected, processed, and secreted by bees, specifically pollen, propolis, honey, royal jelly, and bee venom. In traditional medicine, the virtues of honey and propolis have been well-known for centuries. The same, however, cannot be said for venom. The use of bee venom is particularly relevant for many therapeutic aspects. In recent decades, scientific studies have confirmed and enabled us to understand its properties. Bee venom has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, central nervous system inhibiting, radioprotective, antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal properties, among others. Numerous studies have often been summarised in reviews of the scientific literature that have focused on the results obtained with mouse models and their subsequent transposition to the human patient. In contrast, few reviews of scientific work on the use of bee venom in veterinary medicine exist. This review aims to take stock of the research achievements in this particular discipline, with a view to a recapitulation and stabilisation in the different research fields.
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Zhang Z, Chen L, Guo Y, Li D, Zhang J, Liu L, Fan W, Guo T, Qin S, Zhao Y, Xu Z, Chen Z. The neuroprotective and neural circuit mechanisms of acupoint stimulation for cognitive impairment. Chin Med 2023; 18:8. [PMID: 36670425 PMCID: PMC9863122 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00707-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a prevalent neurological disorder that burdens families and the healthcare system. Current conventional therapies for cognitive impairment, such as cholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonists, are unable to completely stop or reverse the progression of the disease. Also, these medicines may cause serious problems with the digestive system, cardiovascular system, and sleep. Clinically, stimulation of acupoints has the potential to ameliorate the common symptoms of a variety of cognitive disorders, such as memory deficit, language dysfunction, executive dysfunction, reduced ability to live independently, etc. There are common acupoint stimulation mechanisms for treating various types of cognitive impairment, but few systematic analyses of the underlying mechanisms in this domain have been performed. This study comprehensively reviewed the basic research from the last 20 years and found that acupoint stimulation can effectively improve the spatial learning and memory of animals. The common mechanism may be that acupoint stimulation protects hippocampal neurons by preventing apoptosis and scavenging toxic proteins. Additionally, acupoint stimulation has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, promoting neural regeneration, regulating synaptic plasticity, and normalizing neural circuits by restoring brain functional activity and connectivity. Acupoint stimulation also inhibits the production of amyloid β-peptide and the phosphorylation of Tau protein, suggesting that it may protect neurons by promoting correct protein folding and regulating the degradation of toxic proteins via the autophagy-lysosomal pathway. However, the benefits of acupoint stimulation still need to be further explored in more high-quality studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichen Zhang
- grid.410648.f0000 0001 1816 6218Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617 People’s Republic of China
| | - Liuyi Chen
- grid.410648.f0000 0001 1816 6218Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617 People’s Republic of China ,grid.257143.60000 0004 1772 1285First Clinical College, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Guo
- grid.410648.f0000 0001 1816 6218Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617 People’s Republic of China ,grid.410648.f0000 0001 1816 6218National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- grid.410648.f0000 0001 1816 6218Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617 People’s Republic of China ,grid.410648.f0000 0001 1816 6218School of Acupuncture and Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617 People’s Republic of China ,grid.410648.f0000 0001 1816 6218National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- grid.410648.f0000 0001 1816 6218Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Liu
- grid.257143.60000 0004 1772 1285First Clinical College, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Fan
- grid.412879.10000 0004 0374 1074Department of Rehabilitation Physical Therapy Course, Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka City, 5100293 Japan
| | - Tao Guo
- grid.410648.f0000 0001 1816 6218Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617 People’s Republic of China
| | - Siru Qin
- grid.410648.f0000 0001 1816 6218Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yadan Zhao
- grid.410648.f0000 0001 1816 6218Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhifang Xu
- grid.410648.f0000 0001 1816 6218Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617 People’s Republic of China ,grid.410648.f0000 0001 1816 6218School of Acupuncture and Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617 People’s Republic of China ,grid.410648.f0000 0001 1816 6218National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zelin Chen
- grid.410648.f0000 0001 1816 6218Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617 People’s Republic of China ,grid.410648.f0000 0001 1816 6218School of Acupuncture and Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617 People’s Republic of China ,grid.410648.f0000 0001 1816 6218National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381 People’s Republic of China
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Khleifat KM, Al-Tawarah NM, Al-Kafaween MA, Al-Ksasbeh W, Qaralleh H, Alqaraleh M, Al-Hamaideh KD, Al-Saraireh YM, AlSarayreh A, Al Qaisi Y, Mohd Hilmi AB. Memory Enhancing and Neurogenesis Activity of Honey Bee Venom in the Symptoms of Amnesia: Using Rats with Amnesia-like Alzheimer's Disease as a Model. Curr Alzheimer Res 2023; 20:190-201. [PMID: 37317907 DOI: 10.2174/1567205020666230614143027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is mainly characterized by amnesia that affects millions of people worldwide. This study aims to explore the effectiveness capacities of bee venom (BV) for the enhancement of the memory process in a rat model with amnesia-like AD. METHODS The study protocol contains two successive phases, nootropic and therapeutic, in which two BV doses (D1; 0.25 and D2: 0.5 mg/kg i.p.) were used. In the nootropic phase, treatment groups were compared statistically with a normal group. Meanwhile, in the therapeutic phase, BV was administered to scopolamine (1mg/kg) to induce amnesia-like AD in a rat model in which therapeutic groups were compared with a positive group (donepezil; 1mg/kg i.p.). Behavioral analysis was performed after each phase by Working Memory (WM) and Long-Term Memory (LTM) assessments using radial arm maze (RAM) and passive avoidance tests (PAT). Neurogenic factors; Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and Doublecortin (DCX) were measured in plasma using ELISA and Immunohistochemistry analysis of hippocampal tissues, respectively. RESULTS During the nootropic phase, treatment groups demonstrated a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in RAM latency times, spatial WM errors, and spatial reference errors compared with the normal group. In addition, the PA test revealed a significant (P < 0.05) enhancement of LTM after 72 hours in both treatment groups; D1 and D2. In the therapeutic phase, treatment groups reflected a significant (P < 0.05) potent enhancement in the memory process compared with the positive group; less spatial WM errors, spatial reference errors, and latency time during the RAM test, and more latency time after 72 hours in the light room. Moreover, results presented a marked increase in the plasma level of BDNF, as well as increased hippocampal DCX-positive data in the sub-granular zone within the D1 and D2 groups compared with the negative group (P < 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION This study revealed that injecting BV enhances and increases the performance of both WM and LTM. Conclusively, BV has a potential nootropic and therapeutic activity that enhances hippocampal growth and plasticity, which in turn improves WM and LTM. Given that this research was conducted using scopolamine-induced amnesia-like AD in rats, it suggests that BV has a potential therapeutic activity for the enhancement of memory in AD patients in a dose-dependent manner but further investigations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled M Khleifat
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan
| | - Nafe M Al-Tawarah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan
| | - Mohammad A Al-Kafaween
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - We'am Al-Ksasbeh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan
| | - Haitham Qaralleh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan
| | - Moath Alqaraleh
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center (PDRC), Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Khawla D Al-Hamaideh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan
| | - Yousef M Al-Saraireh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, P.O. Box 7, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan
| | - Ahmad AlSarayreh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan
| | - Yaseen Al Qaisi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan
| | - Abu Bakar Mohd Hilmi
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia
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8
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Nguyen CD, Yoo J, An EJ, Sung CY, Jeong DH, Park SY, Kim JH, Lee G. Pharmacokinetic improvement provided by microneedle patch in delivering bee venom, a case study in combating scopolamine-induced neurodegeneration in mouse model. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:2855-2867. [PMID: 36065088 PMCID: PMC9448392 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2116129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Much research has shown Bee venom to be an effective neuroprotective agent. However, the usual transdermal injection of bee venom poses many pharmacokinetic disadvantages. Here, we compared the administration of bee venom via subcutaneous injection (SC) and via Microneedle patch (MN). Both administrated routes produce significant recovery effects, however: the MN significantly prolongs the bio-significant-and-yet-lower concentration of bee venom in mice bodies. In contrast, SC could produce only a short period of much higher bee venom levels in the blood and brain. We also see that due to the concentration-response-curve of bee venom (represented by melittin): mice bodies do not require much higher bee venom concentration (seen in the SC group) to produce a much more significant neuroprotective effect (than seen in those treated with the MN method). Therefore, a MN could maintain bee venom levels in mice bodies at lower-yet-more-efficient concentrations. This is important, as bee venom can cause more adverse effects and pain sensations, at higher concentrations. For the first time, we confirmed that the pharmacokinetic advantages of MN delivered bee venom also guarantee a holistic neuroprotection effect (which was shown by SC delivered bee venom in previous research). This was proven via the results of the water maze experiments for long-term learning memory assessment and protein analysis of key neuronal regulatory proteins: BDNF, p-CREB, iNOS, and mArhR 1. In conclusion, for situations where we ought to administrate drugs at a more downward amount, such as bee venom, MN can keep the therapeutic concentrations at a lower, yet interestingly, more-efficient level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Duc Nguyen
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, Korea
| | - Jaehee Yoo
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju,Gwangju, Korea
| | | | | | | | - Soo-Yeon Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otolaryngology & Dermatology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju,Gwangju, Korea
| | - Gihyun Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, Korea
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Xu J, Liu J, Mi Y, Zhao T, Mu D, Meng Q, Wang F, Li N, Hou Y. Triad3A-Dependent TLR4 Ubiquitination and Degradation Contributes to the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Pterostilbene on Vascular Dementia. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:5896-5910. [PMID: 35532888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pterostilbene, a methylated stilbene derived from many plant foods, has significant anti-inflammatory activity. Meanwhile, vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common subtype of dementia, in which inflammation is one of the major pathogenic contributors. However, the protective effect of pterostilbene on VaD is not well understood. In this work, we investigated the effect of pterostilbene on VaD and explored its underlying mechanisms using in vivo and in vitro models. Y-maze and Morris water maze tests showed pterostilbene-attenuated cognitive impairment in mice with bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO). The hippocampal neuronal death and microglial activation in BCCAO mice were also reduced by pterostilbene treatment. Further, pterostilbene inhibited the expression of TLR4 and downstream inflammatory cytokines in these mice, with similar results observed in an oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) BV-2 cell model. In addition, its anti-inflammatory effect on OGD/R BV-2 cells was partially blocked by TLR4 overexpression. Moreover, Triad3A-TLR4 interactions were increased by pterostilbene following enhanced ubiquitination and degradation of TLR4, and the inhibitory effect of pterostilbene on inflammation was blocked by Triad3A knockdown in OGD/R-stimulated BV-2 cells. Together, these results reveal that pterostilbene could reduce vascular cognitive impairment and that Triad3A-mediated TLR4 degradation might be the key target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jikai Xu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
- Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Northeastern University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Jingyu Liu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
- Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Northeastern University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Yan Mi
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
- Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Northeastern University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Danyang Mu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Qingqi Meng
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Feng Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Yue Hou
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
- Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Northeastern University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110004, China
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10
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Nguyen CD, Yoo J, Hwang SY, Cho SY, Kim M, Jang H, No KO, Shin JC, Kim JH, Lee G. Bee Venom Activates the Nrf2/HO-1 and TrkB/CREB/BDNF Pathways in Neuronal Cell Responses against Oxidative Stress Induced by Aβ 1-42. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031193. [PMID: 35163115 PMCID: PMC8835940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Honeybee venom has recently been considered an anti-neurodegenerative agent, primarily due to its anti-inflammatory effects. The natural accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) in the brain is reported to be the natural cause of aging neural ability downfall, and oxidative stress is the main route by which Aβ ignites its neural toxicity. Anti-neural oxidative stress is considered an effective approach for neurodegenerative therapy. To date, it is unclear how bee venom ameliorates neuronal cells in oxidative stress induced by Aβ. Here, we evaluated the neuroprotective effect of bee venom on Aβ-induced neural oxidative stress in both HT22 cells and an animal model. Our results indicate that bee venom protected HT22 cells against apoptosis induced by Aβ1–42. This protective effect was explained by the increased nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (Nrf2), consequently upregulating the production of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a critical cellular instinct antioxidant enzyme that neutralizes excessive oxidative stress. Furthermore, bee venom treatment activated the tropomyosin-related kinase receptor B (TrkB)/cAMP response element-binding (CREB)/brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which is closely related to the promotion of cellular antioxidant defense and neuronal functions. A mouse model with cognitive deficits induced by Aβ1–42 intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections was also used. Bee venom enhanced animal cognitive ability and enhanced neural cell genesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus region in a dose-dependent manner. Further analysis of animal brain tissue and serum confirmed that bee venom reduced oxidative stress, cholinergic system activity, and intercellular neurotrophic factor regulation, which were all adversely affected by Aβ1–42. Our study demonstrates that bee venom exerts antioxidant and neuroprotective actions against neural oxidative stress caused by Aβ1–42, thereby promoting its use as a therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Duc Nguyen
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, 67 Dongshindae-gil, Naju 58245, Korea; (C.D.N.); (S.-Y.H.); (S.-Y.C.); (M.K.); (H.J.); (K.O.N.)
| | - Jaehee Yoo
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine, Dongshin University, 67 Dongshindae-gil, Naju 58245, Korea; (J.Y.); (J.C.S.)
- Dongshin University Gwangju Korean Medicine Hospital, 141 Wolsan-ro Nam-gu, Gwangju 61619, Korea
| | - Sun-Young Hwang
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, 67 Dongshindae-gil, Naju 58245, Korea; (C.D.N.); (S.-Y.H.); (S.-Y.C.); (M.K.); (H.J.); (K.O.N.)
| | - Sung-Young Cho
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, 67 Dongshindae-gil, Naju 58245, Korea; (C.D.N.); (S.-Y.H.); (S.-Y.C.); (M.K.); (H.J.); (K.O.N.)
| | - Myeonghun Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, 67 Dongshindae-gil, Naju 58245, Korea; (C.D.N.); (S.-Y.H.); (S.-Y.C.); (M.K.); (H.J.); (K.O.N.)
| | - Hyemin Jang
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, 67 Dongshindae-gil, Naju 58245, Korea; (C.D.N.); (S.-Y.H.); (S.-Y.C.); (M.K.); (H.J.); (K.O.N.)
| | - Kyoung Ok No
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, 67 Dongshindae-gil, Naju 58245, Korea; (C.D.N.); (S.-Y.H.); (S.-Y.C.); (M.K.); (H.J.); (K.O.N.)
| | - Jeong Cheol Shin
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine, Dongshin University, 67 Dongshindae-gil, Naju 58245, Korea; (J.Y.); (J.C.S.)
- Dongshin University Mokpo Korean Medicine Hospital, 313 Baengnyeon-daero, Mokpo 58665, Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine, Dongshin University, 67 Dongshindae-gil, Naju 58245, Korea; (J.Y.); (J.C.S.)
- Dongshin University Gwangju Korean Medicine Hospital, 141 Wolsan-ro Nam-gu, Gwangju 61619, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-H.K.); (G.L.)
| | - Gihyun Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, 67 Dongshindae-gil, Naju 58245, Korea; (C.D.N.); (S.-Y.H.); (S.-Y.C.); (M.K.); (H.J.); (K.O.N.)
- Correspondence: (J.-H.K.); (G.L.)
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11
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Liu Y, Chen X, Gong Q, Shi J, Li F. Osthole Improves Cognitive Function of Vascular Dementia Rats: Reducing Aβ Deposition via Inhibition NLRP3 Inflammasome. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 43:1315-1323. [PMID: 32879205 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VD) is a common neurodegenerative disease, and the cognitive dysfunction is a major manifestation of VD. Lots of evidences showed that beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposition and neuroinflammation act as vital elements in the progress of VD. The previous studies showed that osthole (OST) can improve the cognitive function of VD and Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the effect of OST on Aβ in VD brain is still unclear. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) of rats were used to investigate the effect of OST on Aβ through nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in this study. Morris Water Maze and Y-maze were used to test the spatial learning, memory and working abilities. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and Nissl staining were used to observe the morphology and number of hippocampal neurons. Immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the number of microglia activated. Western blot was used to detect the expression of proteins. The study results showed that OST obviously enhanced the spatial learning, memory and working abilities induced by modified bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) in rats, improved the pathological damage of hippocampal neurons induced by BCCAO in rats, inhibited the activation of microglia induced by BCCAO in rats. Furthermore, this study also discovered that OST reduced Aβ deposition in VD hippocampus via inhibition the NLRP3 inflammasome. Together, these results suggest that OST reduces Aβ deposition via inhibition NLRP3 inflammasome in microglial in VD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University.,School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University.,School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University
| | - Qihai Gong
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University.,School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University
| | - Jingshan Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University.,School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University.,School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University
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12
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Liu H, Zhang Z, Zang C, Wang L, Yang H, Sheng C, Shang J, Zhao Z, Yuan F, Yu Y, Yao X, Bao X, Zhang D. GJ-4 ameliorates memory impairment in focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion of rats via inhibiting JAK2/STAT1-mediated neuroinflammation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 267:113491. [PMID: 33091490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis (Fructus Gardenia) is a traditional Chinese medicine with diverse pharmacological functions, such as anti-inflammation, anti-depression, as well as improvement of cognition and ischemia brain injury. GJ-4 is a natural extract from Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis (Fructus Gardenia) and has been proved to improve memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse model in our previous studies. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of GJ-4 on vascular dementia (VD) and explore the potential mechanisms. MATERIAL AND METHODS In our experiment, a focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion rat model was successfully developed by the middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R). GJ-4 (10 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg) and nimodipine (10 mg/kg) were orally administered to rats once a day for consecutive 12 days. Learning and memory behavioral performance was assayed by step-down test and Morris water maze test. The neurological scoring test was performed to evaluate the neurological function of rats. 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and Nissl staining were respectively employed to determine the infarct condition and neuronal injury of the brain. Iba1 immunohistochemistry was used to show the activation of microglia. Moreover, the synaptic damage and inflammatory level were detected by Western blot. RESULTS GJ-4 could significantly improve memory impairment, cerebral infraction, as well as neurological deficits of VD rats induced by MCAO/R. Further research indicated VD-induced neuronal injury was alleviated by GJ-4. In addition, GJ-4 could protect synapse of VD rats by upregulating synaptophysin (SYP) expression, post synaptic density 95 protein (PSD95) expression, and downregulating N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor 1 (NMDAR1) expression. Subsequent investigation of the underlying mechanisms identified that GJ-4 could suppress neuroinflammatory responses, supported by inhibited activation of microglia and reduced expression of inflammatory proteins, which ultimately exerted neuroprotective effects on VD. Further mechanistic study indicated that janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) pathway was inhibited by GJ-4 treatment. CONCLUSION These results suggested that GJ-4 might serve as a potential drug to improve VD. In addition, our study indicated that inhibition of neuroinflammation might be a promising target to treat VD.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Brain/drug effects
- Brain/enzymology
- Brain/pathology
- Brain/physiopathology
- Dementia, Vascular/enzymology
- Dementia, Vascular/etiology
- Dementia, Vascular/prevention & control
- Dementia, Vascular/psychology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Gardenia
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/complications
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/drug therapy
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/enzymology
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/physiopathology
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Janus Kinase 2/metabolism
- Male
- Memory/drug effects
- Memory Disorders/enzymology
- Memory Disorders/etiology
- Memory Disorders/prevention & control
- Memory Disorders/psychology
- Microglia/drug effects
- Microglia/metabolism
- Microglia/pathology
- Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology
- Nootropic Agents/pharmacology
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Reperfusion Injury/enzymology
- Reperfusion Injury/etiology
- Reperfusion Injury/physiopathology
- Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control
- STAT1 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Synapses/drug effects
- Synapses/metabolism
- Synapses/pathology
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Caixia Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hanyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Chanjuan Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Junmei Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Fangyu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Institute of TCM, Natural Products College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xinsheng Yao
- Institute of TCM, Natural Products College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiuqi Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing, 100050, China.
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13
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Kuang H, Zhou ZF, Zhu YG, Wan ZK, Yang MW, Hong FF, Yang SL. Pharmacological Treatment of Vascular Dementia: A Molecular Mechanism Perspective. Aging Dis 2021; 12:308-326. [PMID: 33532143 PMCID: PMC7801279 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is a neurodegenerative disease, with cognitive dysfunction attributable to cerebrovascular factors. At present, it is the second most frequently occurring type of dementia in older adults (after Alzheimer's disease). The underlying etiology of VaD has not been completely elucidated, which limits its management. Currently, there are no approved standard treatments for VaD. The drugs used in VaD are only suitable for symptomatic treatment and cannot prevent or reduce the occurrence and progression of VaD. This review summarizes the current status of pharmacological treatment for VaD, from the perspective of the molecular mechanisms specified in various pathogenic hypotheses, including oxidative stress, the central cholinergic system, neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis, and synaptic plasticity. As VaD is a chronic cerebrovascular disease with multifactorial etiology, combined therapy, targeting multiple pathophysiological factors, may be the future trend in VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Kuang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Zhi-Feng Zhou
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Yu-Ge Zhu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Zhi-Kai Wan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Mei-Wen Yang
- Department of Nurse, Nanchang University Hospital, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Fen-Fang Hong
- Department of Experimental Teaching Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Shu-Long Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
- Department of Experimental Teaching Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
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14
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Meng N, Dong Y, Huo T, Song M, Jiang X, Xiao Y, Lv P. Past Exposure to Cigarette Smoke Aggravates Cognitive Impairment in a Rat Model of Vascular Dementia via Neuroinflammation. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 42:1021-1034. [PMID: 33156450 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00992-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Smoking is a risk factor for dementia. Cognitive function can be partially restored after quitting smoking, but still lower than never smoked group. The underlying mechanisms still remain unclear. The effects of smoking cessation combined with cerebral chronic hypoperfusion (CCH) on cognitive function have never been described. Here, we established a cigarette smoking cessation model, a CCH model, and a cigarette smoking cessation plus CCH model. We investigated cognitive function in these models and the mechanisms of the neuroinflammation, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3(NLRP3)/cysteine aspartate-specific proteinase (caspase-1)/interleukin- 1β (IL-1β) pathway, and eucaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) /autophagy pathway. We used morris water maze (MWM) and novel object recognition (NOR) test to evaluate cognitive function in rats. Nissl staining was performed to observe cell morphology in the hippocampal CA1 area. A neuroinflammatory marker (glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP) was assessed by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry staining. IL-1β levels were detected by ELISA. The protein levels of NLRP3/caspase-1/ IL-1β and eIF2α/autophagy pathway were evaluated by Western blot analysis. LC3 was assessed by immunofluorescence staining. CCH can affect cognitive function by influencing neuroinflammation, NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β pathway, and eIF2α/autophagy pathway. Past exposure to cigarette smoke can also affect cognitive function by influencing neuroinflammation and NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β pathway, which may be induced by smoking and may not be alleviated after smoking cessation. Past exposure to cigarette smoke does not influence autophagy, which may be increased by smoking and then decrease to normal levels after smoking cessation. Past exposure to smoking can further aggravate cognitive impairment and neuroinflammation in VaD animals: cognitive impairment induced by CCH via neuroinflammation, NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β, and eIF2α/autophagy pathway and cognitive impairment induced by past exposure to cigarette smoke via neuroinflammation and NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β pathway. The combined group had the worst cognitive impairment because of harmful reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Meng
- Department of Neurology, Hebei Medical University, No. 361 Zhongshan East Road, Changan District, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, No. 348 Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Dong
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, No. 348 Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Huo
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, No. 348 Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiyi Song
- Department of Neurology, Hebei Medical University, No. 361 Zhongshan East Road, Changan District, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, No. 348 Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yining Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, No. 348 Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiyuan Lv
- Department of Neurology, Hebei Medical University, No. 361 Zhongshan East Road, Changan District, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, No. 348 Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Cai M, Lee JH, Yang EJ. Electroacupuncture attenuates cognition impairment via anti-neuroinflammation in an Alzheimer's disease animal model. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:264. [PMID: 31836020 PMCID: PMC6909515 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1665-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive loss of cognitive abilities and memory leading to dementia. Electroacupuncture (EA) is a complementary alternative medicine approach, applying an electrical current to acupuncture points. In clinical and animal studies, EA causes cognitive improvements in AD and vascular dementia. However, EA-induced changes in cognition and microglia-mediated amyloid β (Aβ) degradation have not been determined yet in AD animals. Therefore, this study investigated the EA-induced molecular mechanisms causing cognitive improvement and anti-inflammatory activity in five familial mutation (5XFAD) mice, an animal model of AD. Methods 5XFAD mice were bilaterally treated with EA at the Taegye (KI3) acupoints three times per week for 2 weeks. To evaluate the effects of EA treatment on cognitive functions, novel object recognition and Y-maze tests were performed with non-Tg, 5XFAD (Tg), and EA-treated 5XFAD (Tg + KI3) mice. To examine the molecular mechanisms underlying EA effects, western blots, immunohistochemistry, and micro-positron emission tomography scans were performed. Furthermore, we studied synapse ultrastructures with transmission electron microscopy and used electrophysiology to investigate EA effects on synaptic plasticity in 5XFAD mice. Results EA treatment significantly improved working memory and synaptic plasticity, alleviated neuroinflammation, and reduced ultrastructural degradation of synapses via upregulation of synaptophysin and postsynaptic density-95 protein in 5XFAD mice. Furthermore, microglia-mediated Aβ deposition was reduced after EA treatment and coincided with a reduction in amyloid precursor protein. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that EA treatment ameliorates cognitive impairment via inhibition of synaptic degeneration and neuroinflammation in a mouse model of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudan Cai
- Department of Herbal Medicine Research, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hwan Lee
- Department of Clinical Research, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Yang
- Department of Clinical Research, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-811, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Antiinflammatory peptides: current knowledge and promising prospects. Inflamm Res 2018; 68:125-145. [PMID: 30560372 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-018-1208-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is part of the regular host reaction to injury or infection caused by toxic factors, pathogens, damaged cells, irritants, and allergens. Antiinflammatory peptides (AIPs) are present in all living organisms, and many peptides from herbal, mammalian, bacterial, and marine origins have been shown to have antimicrobial and/or antiinflammatory properties. METHODS In this study, we investigated the effects of antiinflammatory peptides on inflammation, and highlighted the underlying mechanisms responsible for these effects. RESULTS In multicellular organisms, including humans, AIPs constitute an essential part of their immune system. In addition, numerous natural and synthetic AIPs are effective immunomodulators and can interfere with signal transduction pathways involved in inflammatory cytokine expression. Among them, some peptides such as antiflammin, N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (Ac-SDKP), and those derived from velvet antler proteins, bee venom, horse fly salivary gland, and bovine β-casein have received considerable attention over the past few years. CONCLUSION This article presents an overview on the major properties and mechanisms of action associated with AIPs as immunomodulatory, chemotactic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial agents. In addition, the results of various studies dealing with effects of AIPs on numerous classical models of inflammation are reviewed and discussed.
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de Souza JM, Goncalves BDC, Gomez MV, Vieira LB, Ribeiro FM. Animal Toxins as Therapeutic Tools to Treat Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:145. [PMID: 29527170 PMCID: PMC5829052 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases affect millions of individuals worldwide. So far, no disease-modifying drug is available to treat patients, making the search for effective drugs an urgent need. Neurodegeneration is triggered by the activation of several cellular processes, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial impairment, neuroinflammation, aging, aggregate formation, glutamatergic excitotoxicity, and apoptosis. Therefore, many research groups aim to identify drugs that may inhibit one or more of these events leading to neuronal cell death. Venoms are fruitful natural sources of new molecules, which have been relentlessly enhanced by evolution through natural selection. Several studies indicate that venom components can exhibit selectivity and affinity for a wide variety of targets in mammalian systems. For instance, an expressive number of natural peptides identified in venoms from animals, such as snakes, scorpions, bees, and spiders, were shown to lessen inflammation, regulate glutamate release, modify neurotransmitter levels, block ion channel activation, decrease the number of protein aggregates, and increase the levels of neuroprotective factors. Thus, these venom components hold potential as therapeutic tools to slow or even halt neurodegeneration. However, there are many technological issues to overcome, as venom peptides are hard to obtain and characterize and the amount obtained from natural sources is insufficient to perform all the necessary experiments and tests. Fortunately, technological improvements regarding heterologous protein expression, as well as peptide chemical synthesis will help to provide enough quantities and allow chemical and pharmacological enhancements of these natural occurring compounds. Thus, the main focus of this review is to highlight the most promising studies evaluating animal toxins as therapeutic tools to treat a wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, brain ischemia, glaucoma, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. de Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Bruno D. C. Goncalves
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marcus V. Gomez
- Department of Neurotransmitters, Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa Santa Casa, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luciene B. Vieira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fabiola M. Ribeiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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