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Zhao T, Li Q, Wang X, Tang B, Zhang X, Yu H, Li Z. Time-dependent effects of high-fat diet on cognition and cerebral insulin signaling: Window for recovery and potential therapeutic target. Mech Ageing Dev 2024; 220:111955. [PMID: 38852746 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2024.111955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
While high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity is a major threat to global public health, the effect of HFD on cognition and insulin signaling during ageing remains controversial. The aim of this study was to characterize the dynamic alterations in cognition and cerebral insulin signaling during 6-month HFD consumption, and to investigate the potential therapeutic target and optimal timing to rescue obesity-related cognitive deficits. In the present study, impaired memory retention induced by 2-month HFD was recovered after 4 months on HFD. Prolonged (6-month) HFD did not further enhance tau hyperphosphorylation and β-amyloid deposition, which was consistent with the alleviation of memory retention. In brain insulin signaling, 2-month HFD increased IRS-1 and p-IRS-1(Ser307)/IRS-1, while decreasing pAKT(Ser473)/AKT, PI3K and mTOR; 4-month HFD decreased IRS-1 and pAKT(Ser473)/AKT, while increasing AKT; 6-month HFD increased IRS-1, pAKT(Ser473)/AKT, and mTOR, while decreasing p-IRS-1(Ser307)/IRS-1, PI3K and AKT. Notably, bioinformatic analysis revealed a rhythmic process presented only in 4-month HFD group, with Srebf1 emerging as a link between circadian rhythms and insulin signaling pathway. These results suggest that prolonged HFD prevents further cognitive decline and the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related pathologies during ageing. Moreover, there may be a window for recovery, in which Srebf1 acts as a self-recovery switch to address obesity-related cognitive disorders in elders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchuang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Xueming Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Hao Yu
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Ziyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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2
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Alsegehy S, Southey BR, Hernandez AG, Rund LA, Antonson AM, Nowak RA, Johnson RW, Rodriguez-Zas SL. Epigenetic disruptions in the offspring hypothalamus in response to maternal infection. Gene 2024; 910:148329. [PMID: 38431234 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification that can alter gene expression, and the incidence can vary across developmental stages, inflammatory conditions, and sexes. The effects of viral maternal viral infection and sex on the DNA methylation patterns were studied in the hypothalamus of a pig model of immune activation during development. DNA methylation at single-base resolution in regions of high CpG density was measured on 24 individual hypothalamus samples using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing. Differential over- and under-methylated sites were identified and annotated to proximal genes and corresponding biological processes. A total of 120 sites were differentially methylated (FDR-adjusted p-value < 0.05) between maternal infection or sex groups. Among the 66 sites differentially methylated between groups exposed to inflammatory signals and control, most sites were over-methylated in the challenged group and included sites in the promoter regions of genes SIRT3 and NRBP1. Among the 54 differentially methylated sites between females and males, most sites were over-methylated in females and included sites in the promoter region of genes TNC and EIF4G1. The analysis of the genes proximal to the differentially methylated sites suggested that biological processes potentially impacted include immune response, neuron migration and ensheathment, peptide signaling, adaptive thermogenesis, and tissue development. These results suggest that translational studies should consider that the prolonged effect of maternal infection during gestation may be enacted through epigenetic regulatory mechanisms that may differ between sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah Alsegehy
- Informatics Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61820, USA
| | - Bruce R Southey
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Alvaro G Hernandez
- Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Lauretta A Rund
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Adrienne M Antonson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Romana A Nowak
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Rodney W Johnson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Sandra L Rodriguez-Zas
- Informatics Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61820, USA; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Statistics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61820, USA.
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3
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Mosharaf MP, Alam K, Gow J, Mahumud RA. Exploration of key drug target proteins highlighting their related regulatory molecules, functional pathways and drug candidates associated with delirium: evidence from meta-data analyses. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:767. [PMID: 37993790 PMCID: PMC10666371 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04457-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delirium is a prevalent neuropsychiatric medical phenomenon that causes serious emergency outcomes, including mortality and morbidity. It also increases the suffering and the economic burden for families and carers. Unfortunately, the pathophysiology of delirium is still unknown, which is a major obstacle to therapeutic development. The modern network-based system biology and multi-omics analysis approach has been widely used to recover the key drug target biomolecules and signaling pathways associated with disease pathophysiology. This study aimed to identify the major drug target hub-proteins associated with delirium, their regulatory molecules with functional pathways, and repurposable drug candidates for delirium treatment. METHODS We used a comprehensive proteomic seed dataset derived from a systematic literature review and the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD). An integrated multi-omics network-based bioinformatics approach was utilized in this study. The STRING database was used to construct the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The gene set enrichment and signaling pathways analysis, the regulatory transcription factors and microRNAs were conducted using delirium-associated genes. Finally, hub-proteins associated repurposable drugs were retrieved from CMap database. RESULTS We have distinguished 11 drug targeted hub-proteins (MAPK1, MAPK3, TP53, JUN, STAT3, SRC, RELA, AKT1, MAPK14, HSP90AA1 and DLG4), 5 transcription factors (FOXC1, GATA2, YY1, TFAP2A and SREBF1) and 6 microRNA (miR-375, miR-17-5, miR-17-5p, miR-106a-5p, miR-125b-5p, and miR-125a-5p) associated with delirium. The functional enrichment and pathway analysis revealed the cytokines, inflammation, postoperative pain, oxidative stress-associated pathways, developmental biology, shigellosis and cellular senescence which are closely connected with delirium development and the hallmarks of aging. The hub-proteins associated computationally identified repurposable drugs were retrieved from database. The predicted drug molecules including aspirin, irbesartan, ephedrine-(racemic), nedocromil, and guanidine were characterized as anti-inflammatory, stimulating the central nervous system, neuroprotective medication based on the existing literatures. The drug molecules may play an important role for therapeutic development against delirium if they are investigated more extensively through clinical trials and various wet lab experiments. CONCLUSION This study could possibly help future research on investigating the delirium-associated therapeutic target biomarker hub-proteins and repurposed drug compounds. These results will also aid understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the pathophysiology of delirium onset and molecular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Parvez Mosharaf
- School of Business, Faculty of Business, Education, Law and Arts, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia.
- Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Statistics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Khorshed Alam
- School of Business, Faculty of Business, Education, Law and Arts, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia
| | - Jeff Gow
- School of Business, Faculty of Business, Education, Law and Arts, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia
- School of Accounting, Economics and Finance, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Rashidul Alam Mahumud
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
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4
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Cheng X, Li D, Qi T, Sun J, Zhou T, Zheng WV. Objective to identify and verify the regulatory mechanism of DTNBP1 as a prognostic marker for hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:211. [PMID: 34997064 PMCID: PMC8742032 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04055-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the overall survival of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients has been significantly improved, prognostic clinical evaluation remains a substantial problem owing to the heterogeneity and complexity of tumor. A reliable and accurate predictive biomarker may assist physicians in better monitoring of patient treatment outcomes and follow the overall survival of patients. Accumulating evidence has revealed that DTNBP1 plays functional roles in cancer prognosis. Therefore, the expression and function of DTNBP1in HCC was systematically investigated in our study. The expression and prognostic value of DTNBP1 were investigated using the data from Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) cohorts and clinical samples. A series of cellular function assays were performed to elucidate the effect of DTNBP1 on cellular proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis. Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment and Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network construction were performed to screen the genes with highest interaction scores with DTNBP1. Finally, the underlying mechanism was also analyzed using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and confirmed using RT-qPCR and western blotting. DTNBP1 was upregulated in many types of cancers, especially in HCC. The DTNBP1 expression levels is associated with clinicopathologic variables and patient survival status. The differential expression of DTNBP1 could be used to determine the risk stratification of patients with HCC. DTNBP1 deficiency inhibited cell proliferation and metastasis, but promoted cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, DTNBP1 regulated the cell cycle progression through affecting the expression of cell cycle-related genes such as CDC25A, CCNE1, CDK2, CDC20, CDC25B, CCNB1, and CDK1. DTNBP1, which regulates the cell cycle progression, may be used as a prognostic marker for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyi Cheng
- Intervention and Cell Therapy Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dezhi Li
- Intervention and Cell Therapy Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiangyang Qi
- Ascentawits Pharmaceuticals, Ltd., Biomedical Innovation Industrial Park, No. 14 Jinhui Road, Jinsha Community, Kengzi Street, Pingshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Sun
- Intervention and Cell Therapy Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,ShenZhen Beike Biotechnology Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Intervention and Cell Therapy Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei V Zheng
- Intervention and Cell Therapy Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Di Pardo A, Monyror J, Morales LC, Kadam V, Lingrell S, Maglione V, Wozniak RW, Sipione S. Mutant huntingtin interacts with the sterol regulatory element-binding proteins and impairs their nuclear import. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:418-431. [PMID: 31875875 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain cholesterol homeostasis is altered in Huntington's disease (HD), a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the expansion of a CAG nucleotide repeat in the HTT gene. Genes involved in the synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids were shown to be downregulated shortly after the expression of mutant huntingtin (mHTT) in inducible HD cells. Nuclear levels of the transcription factors that regulate lipid biogenesis, the sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBP1 and SREBP2), were found to be decreased in HD models compared to wild-type, but the underlying causes were not known. SREBPs are synthesized as inactive endoplasmic reticulum-localized precursors. Their mature forms (mSREBPs) are generated upon transport of the SREBP precursors to the Golgi and proteolytic cleavage, and are rapidly imported into the nucleus by binding to importin β. We show that, although SREBP2 processing into mSREBP2 is not affected in YAC128 HD mice, mSREBP2 is mislocalized to the cytoplasm. Chimeric mSREBP2-and mSREBP1-EGFP proteins are also mislocalized to the cytoplasm in immortalized striatal cells expressing mHTT, in YAC128 neurons and in fibroblasts from HD patients. We further show that mHTT binds to the SREBP2/importin β complex required for nuclear import and sequesters it in the cytoplasm. As a result, HD cells fail to upregulate cholesterogenic genes under sterol-depleted conditions. These findings provide mechanistic insight into the downregulation of genes involved in the synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids in HD models, and have potential implications for other pathways modulated by SREBPs, including autophagy and excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Di Pardo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - John Monyror
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Luis Carlos Morales
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Vaibhavi Kadam
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada.,Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Susanne Lingrell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Vittorio Maglione
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Richard W Wozniak
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Simonetta Sipione
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada.,Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
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6
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Martinat M, Rossitto M, Di Miceli M, Layé S. Perinatal Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Brain Development, Role in Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Nutrients 2021; 13:1185. [PMID: 33918517 PMCID: PMC8065891 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential fatty acids that are provided by dietary intake. Growing evidence suggests that n-3 and n-6 PUFAs are paramount for brain functions. They constitute crucial elements of cellular membranes, especially in the brain. They are the precursors of several metabolites with different effects on inflammation and neuron outgrowth. Overall, long-chain PUFAs accumulate in the offspring brain during the embryonic and post-natal periods. In this review, we discuss how they accumulate in the developing brain, considering the maternal dietary supply, the polymorphisms of genes involved in their metabolism, and the differences linked to gender. We also report the mechanisms linking their bioavailability in the developing brain, their transfer from the mother to the embryo through the placenta, and their role in brain development. In addition, data on the potential role of altered bioavailability of long-chain n-3 PUFAs in the etiologies of neurodevelopmental diseases, such as autism, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, and schizophrenia, are reviewed.
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7
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de Almeida V, Alexandrino GL, Aquino A, Gomes AF, Murgu M, Dobrowolny H, Guest PC, Steiner J, Martins-de-Souza D. Changes in the blood plasma lipidome associated with effective or poor response to atypical antipsychotic treatments in schizophrenia patients. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 101:109945. [PMID: 32304808 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Atypical antipsychotics are widely used to manage schizophrenia symptoms. However, these drugs can induce deleterious side effects, such as MetS, which are associated with an increased cardiovascular risk to patients. Lipids play a central role in this context, and changes in lipid metabolism have been implicated in schizophrenia's pathobiology. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that lipidome changes may be related to antipsychotic treatment response. The aim of this study was to evaluate the lipidome changes in blood plasma samples of schizophrenia patients before and after 6 weeks of treatment with either risperidone, olanzapine, or quetiapine. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis showed changes in the levels of ceramides (Cer), glycerophosphatidic acids (PA), glycerophosphocholines (PC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE), phosphatidylinositols (PI), glycerophosphoglycerols (PG), and phosphatidylserines (PS) for all treatments. However, the treatment with risperidone also affected diacylglycerides (DG), ceramide 1-phosphates (CerP), triglycerides (TG), sphingomyelins (SM), and ceramide phosphoinositols (PI-Cer). Moreover, specific lipid profiles were observed that could be used to distinguish poor and good responders to the different antipsychotics. As such, further work in this area may lead to lipid-based biomarkers that could be used to improve the clinical management of schizophrenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéria de Almeida
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme L Alexandrino
- Gas Chromatography Laboratory, Chemistry Institute, University of Campinas(UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriano Aquino
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre F Gomes
- Mass Spectrometry Applications & Development Laboratory, Waters Corporation, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Michael Murgu
- Mass Spectrometry Applications & Development Laboratory, Waters Corporation, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Henrik Dobrowolny
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; The Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Paul C Guest
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Johann Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; The Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Martins-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria (INBION), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil; Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), São Paulo, Brazil.
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8
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Sáez-Orellana F, Octave JN, Pierrot N. Alzheimer's Disease, a Lipid Story: Involvement of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α. Cells 2020; 9:E1215. [PMID: 32422896 PMCID: PMC7290654 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in the elderly. Mutations in genes encoding proteins involved in amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) production are responsible for inherited AD cases. The amyloid cascade hypothesis was proposed to explain the pathogeny. Despite the fact that Aβ is considered as the main culprit of the pathology, most clinical trials focusing on Aβ failed and suggested that earlier interventions are needed to influence the course of AD. Therefore, identifying risk factors that predispose to AD is crucial. Among them, the epsilon 4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene that encodes the major brain lipid carrier and metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes were identified as AD risk factors, suggesting that abnormal lipid metabolism could influence the progression of the disease. Among lipids, fatty acids (FAs) play a fundamental role in proper brain function, including memory. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a master metabolic regulator that regulates the catabolism of FA. Several studies report an essential role of PPARα in neuronal function governing synaptic plasticity and cognition. In this review, we explore the implication of lipid metabolism in AD, with a special focus on PPARα and its potential role in AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Sáez-Orellana
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Alzheimer Dementia, Avenue Mounier 53, SSS/IONS/CEMO-Bte B1.53.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; (F.S.-O.); (J.-N.O.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, Alzheimer Dementia, Avenue Mounier 53, SSS/IONS/CEMO-Bte B1.53.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Noël Octave
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Alzheimer Dementia, Avenue Mounier 53, SSS/IONS/CEMO-Bte B1.53.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; (F.S.-O.); (J.-N.O.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, Alzheimer Dementia, Avenue Mounier 53, SSS/IONS/CEMO-Bte B1.53.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Pierrot
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Alzheimer Dementia, Avenue Mounier 53, SSS/IONS/CEMO-Bte B1.53.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; (F.S.-O.); (J.-N.O.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, Alzheimer Dementia, Avenue Mounier 53, SSS/IONS/CEMO-Bte B1.53.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
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9
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Waddington JL, Zhen X, O'Tuathaigh CMP. Developmental Genes and Regulatory Proteins, Domains of Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia Spectrum Psychosis and Implications for Antipsychotic Drug Discovery: The Example of Dysbindin-1 Isoforms and Beyond. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1638. [PMID: 32063853 PMCID: PMC7000454 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alongside positive and negative symptomatology, deficits in working memory, attention, selective learning processes, and executive function have been widely documented in schizophrenia spectrum psychosis. These cognitive abnormalities are strongly associated with impairment across multiple function domains and are generally treatment-resistant. The DTNBP1 (dystrobrevin-binding protein-1) gene, encoding dysbindin, is considered a risk factor for schizophrenia and is associated with variation in cognitive function in both clinical and nonclinical samples. Downregulation of DTNBP1 expression in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and hippocampal formation of patients with schizophrenia has been suggested to serve as a primary pathophysiological process. Described as a "hub," dysbindin is an important regulatory protein that is linked with multiple complexes in the brain and is involved in a wide variety of functions implicated in neurodevelopment and neuroplasticity. The expression pattern of the various dysbindin isoforms (-1A, -1B, -1C) changes depending upon stage of brain development, tissue areas and subcellular localizations, and can involve interaction with different protein partners. We review evidence describing how sequence variation in DTNBP1 isoforms has been differentially associated with schizophrenia-associated symptoms. We discuss results linking these isoform proteins, and their interacting molecular partners, with cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia, including evidence from drosophila through to genetic mouse models of dysbindin function. Finally, we discuss preclinical evidence investigating the antipsychotic potential of molecules that influence dysbindin expression and functionality. These studies, and other recent work that has extended this approach to other developmental regulators, may facilitate identification of novel molecular pathways leading to improved antipsychotic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Waddington
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research & Therapy for Neuro-Psychiatric Disorders and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xuechu Zhen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research & Therapy for Neuro-Psychiatric Disorders and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Colm M P O'Tuathaigh
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Medical Education Unit, School of Medicine, Brookfield Health Sciences Complex, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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10
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Bosia M, Buonocore M, Bechi M, Santarelli L, Spangaro M, Cocchi F, Guglielmino C, Bianchi L, Bringheli S, Bosinelli F, Cavallaro R. Improving Cognition to Increase Treatment Efficacy in Schizophrenia: Effects of Metabolic Syndrome on Cognitive Remediation's Outcome. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:647. [PMID: 30581395 PMCID: PMC6293025 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment, typically more severe in treatment resistant patients, is considered a hallmark of schizophrenia and the prime driver of functional disability. Recent evidence suggests that metabolic syndrome may contribute to cognitive deficits in schizophrenia, possibly through shared underlying mechanisms. However, results are still contradictory and no study has so far examined the influence of metabolic syndrome on cognitive outcome after cognitive remediation therapy (CRT). Based on these premises, this study aims to investigate the relationship between metabolic syndrome and cognition, specifically considering cognitive outcome after treatment. Secondary objectives include the analysis of the association between cognitive impairment and psychopathological status and, in a subgroup of patients, the evaluation of the effect of Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Transcription Factor 1 (SREBF-1) rs11868035 genetic polymorphism, previously associated with metabolic alterations, on both cognition and metabolic syndrome. One-hundred seventy-two outpatients with schizophrenia were assessed for metabolic parameters and neurocognitive measures and 138 patients, who completed CRT, were re-evaluated for cognition. A subsample of 51 patients was also genotyped for rs11868035 from peripheral blood sample. Results show a negative impact of metabolic syndrome on executive functions and global cognitive outcome after CRT. Data also revealed a significant effect of SREBF-1 polymorphism, with a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome and worse processing speed performance among G/G homozygous subjects, compared the A allele carriers. Overall these findings support the hypothesis that metabolic alterations may hamper the capacity to restore cognitive deficits, as well as they highlight the need to further explore possible converging mechanisms underlying both cognitive and metabolic dysfunction. At the clinical level, results point to the importance of a comprehensive assessment including the metabolic status of patients and of individualized strategies addressing metabolic dysfunction in order to potentiate treatment outcome in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bosia
- School of Medicine, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Buonocore
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Bechi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Santarelli
- School of Medicine, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Spangaro
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Cocchi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmelo Guglielmino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Bianchi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Bringheli
- School of Psychology, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Cavallaro
- School of Medicine, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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11
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Ziegler AB, Thiele C, Tenedini F, Richard M, Leyendecker P, Hoermann A, Soba P, Tavosanis G. Cell-Autonomous Control of Neuronal Dendrite Expansion via the Fatty Acid Synthesis Regulator SREBP. Cell Rep 2017; 21:3346-3353. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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12
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Managò F, Papaleo F. Schizophrenia: What's Arc Got to Do with It? Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:181. [PMID: 28979198 PMCID: PMC5611489 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human studies of schizophrenia are now reporting a previously unidentified genetic convergence on postsynaptic signaling complexes such as the activity-regulated cytoskeletal-associated (Arc) gene. However, because this evidence is still very recent, the neurobiological implication of Arc in schizophrenia is still scattered and unrecognized. Here, we first review current and developing findings connecting Arc in schizophrenia. We then highlight recent and previous findings from preclinical mouse models that elucidate how Arc genetic modifications might recapitulate schizophrenia-relevant behavioral phenotypes following the novel Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework. Building on this, we finally compare and evaluate several lines of evidence demonstrating that Arc genetics can alter both glutamatergic and dopaminergic systems in a very selective way, again consistent with molecular alterations characteristic of schizophrenia. Despite being only initial, accumulating and compelling data are showing that Arc might be one of the primary biological players in schizophrenia. Synaptic plasticity alterations in the genetic architecture of psychiatric disorders might be a rule, not an exception. Thus, we anticipate that additional evidence will soon emerge to clarify the Arc-dependent mechanisms involved in the psychiatric-related dysfunctional behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Managò
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaGenova, Italy
| | - Francesco Papaleo
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaGenova, Italy
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13
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O'Tuathaigh CMP, Moran PM, Zhen XC, Waddington JL. Translating advances in the molecular basis of schizophrenia into novel cognitive treatment strategies. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:3173-3190. [PMID: 28667666 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence and severity of cognitive symptoms, including working memory, executive dysfunction and attentional impairment, contributes materially to functional impairment in schizophrenia. Cognitive symptoms have proved to be resistant to both first- and second-generation antipsychotic drugs. Efforts to develop a consensus set of cognitive domains that are both disrupted in schizophrenia and are amenable to cross-species validation (e.g. the National Institute of Mental Health Cognitive Neuroscience Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia and Research Domain Criteria initiatives) are an important step towards standardization of outcome measures that can be used in preclinical testing of new drugs. While causative genetic mutations have not been identified, new technologies have identified novel genes as well as hitherto candidate genes previously implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and/or mechanisms of antipsychotic efficacy. This review comprises a selective summary of these developments, particularly phenotypic data arising from preclinical genetic models for cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia, with the aim of indicating potential new directions for pro-cognitive therapeutics. Linked Articles This article is part of a themed section on Pharmacology of Cognition: a Panacea for Neuropsychiatric Disease? To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.19/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colm M P O'Tuathaigh
- School of Medicine, University College Cork, Brookfield Health Sciences Complex, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paula M Moran
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Xuechu C Zhen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research & Therapy for Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - John L Waddington
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research & Therapy for Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
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14
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Maag JLV, Kaczorowski DC, Panja D, Peters TJ, Bramham CR, Wibrand K, Dinger ME. Widespread promoter methylation of synaptic plasticity genes in long-term potentiation in the adult brain in vivo. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:250. [PMID: 28335720 PMCID: PMC5364592 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3621-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background DNA methylation is a key modulator of gene expression in mammalian development and cellular differentiation, including neurons. To date, the role of DNA modifications in long-term potentiation (LTP) has not been explored. Results To investigate the occurrence of DNA methylation changes in LTP, we undertook the first detailed study to describe the methylation status of all known LTP-associated genes during LTP induction in the dentate gyrus of live rats. Using a methylated DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP)-array, together with previously published matched RNA-seq and public histone modification data, we discover widespread changes in methylation status of LTP-genes. We further show that the expression of many LTP-genes is correlated with their methylation status. We show that these correlated genes are enriched for RNA-processing, active histone marks, and specific transcription factors. These data reveal that the synaptic activity-evoked methylation changes correlates with pre-existing activation of the chromatin landscape. Finally, we show that methylation of Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) CpG-islands correlates with isoform switching from transcripts containing exon IV to exon I. Conclusions Together, these data provide the first evidence of widespread regulation of methylation status in LTP-associated genes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3621-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper L V Maag
- Division of Genomics and Epigenetics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, 370 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Dominik C Kaczorowski
- Division of Genomics and Epigenetics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Debabrata Panja
- Department of Biomedicine and K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Timothy J Peters
- Division of Genomics and Epigenetics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Clive R Bramham
- Department of Biomedicine and K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karin Wibrand
- Department of Biomedicine and K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marcel E Dinger
- Division of Genomics and Epigenetics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia. .,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, 370 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
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15
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Carcone D, Ruocco AC. Six Years of Research on the National Institute of Mental Health's Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) Initiative: A Systematic Review. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:46. [PMID: 28316565 PMCID: PMC5334510 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Six years have passed since the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) in the United States launched the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative. The RDoC introduces a framework for research on the biology of mental illness that integrates research findings across multiple levels of information. The framework outlines constructs that represent specific quantifiable dimensions of behavior (e.g., responses to acute threat, cognitive control) and corresponding units of analysis that can be used to study the constructs, beginning at the levels of genes, molecules, cells, circuits and physiology, and moving up to behaviors and self-reports. In this systematic review, a literature search was conducted to synthesize empirical research published since the proposal of the framework that incorporated the RDoC. Forty-eight peer-reviewed scholarly articles met eligibility criteria for the review. Studies differed according to whether they analyzed RDoC constructs and units of analysis within vs. between clinically-diagnosed and non-psychiatric samples. The most commonly studied constructs were subsumed within the domains of Negative Valence Systems, Positive Valence Systems and Cognitive Systems, providing initial results which primarily connected genetics, brain circuits and physiology research findings with behavior and self-reports. Prospects for future research adopting the RDoC matrix and utilizing a dimensional approach to studying the biology of mental illness are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Carcone
- Departments of Psychology and Psychological Clinical Science, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony C Ruocco
- Departments of Psychology and Psychological Clinical Science, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
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16
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Su Y, Ding W, Xing M, Qi D, Li Z, Cui D. The Interaction of TXNIP and AFq1 Genes Increases the Susceptibility of Schizophrenia. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:4806-4812. [PMID: 27510506 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9954-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Although previous studies showed the reduced risk of cancer in patients with schizophrenia, whether patients with schizophrenia possess genetic factors that also contribute to tumor suppressor is still unknown. In the present study, based on our previous microarray data, we focused on the tumor suppressor genes TXNIP and AF1q, which differentially expressed in patients with schizophrenia. A total of 413 patients and 578 healthy controls were recruited. We found no significant differences in genotype, allele, or haplotype frequencies at the selected five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs2236566 and rs7211 in TXNIP gene; rs10749659, rs2140709, and rs3738481 in AF1q gene) between patients with schizophrenia and controls. However, we found the association between the interaction of TXNIP and AF1q with schizophrenia by using the MDR method followed by traditional statistical analysis. The best gene-gene interaction model identified was a three-locus model TXNIP (rs2236566, rs7211)-AF1q (rs2140709). After traditional statistical analysis, we found the high-risk genotype combination was rs2236566 (GG)-rs7211(CC)-rs2140709(CC) (OR = 1.35 [1.03-1.76]). The low-risk genotype combination was rs2236566 (GT)-rs7211(CC)-rs2140709(CC) (OR = 0.67 [0.49-0.91]). Our finding suggested statistically significant role of interaction of TXNIP and AF1q polymorphisms (TXNIP-rs2236566, TXNIP-rs7211, and AF1q-rs2769605) in schizophrenia susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousong Su
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhua Ding
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengjuan Xing
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dake Qi
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Zezhi Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Donghong Cui
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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