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Wan S, He QY, Yang Y, Liu F, Zhang X, Guo X, Niu H, Wang Y, Liu YX, Ye WL, Li XM, ZhuanSun XM, Sun P, He XS, Hu G, Breuhahn K, Zhao H, Wu GQ, Wu H. SPARC Stabilizes ApoE to Induce Cholesterol-Dependent Invasion and Sorafenib Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2024; 84:1872-1888. [PMID: 38471084 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-2889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Dysregulation of cholesterol homeostasis is implicated in the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that is characterized by intrahepatic and early extrahepatic metastases. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms regulating cholesterol metabolism in HCC could help identify strategies to circumvent the aggressive phenotype. Here, we found that high expression of intracellular SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine) was significantly associated with elevated cholesterol levels and an enhanced invasive phenotype in HCC. SPARC potentiated cholesterol accumulation in HCC cells during tumor progression by stabilizing the ApoE protein. Mechanistically, SPARC competitively bound to ApoE, impairing its interaction with the E3 ligase tripartite motif containing 21 (TRIM21) and preventing its ubiquitylation and subsequent degradation. ApoE accumulation led to cholesterol enrichment in HCC cells, stimulating PI3K-AKT signaling and inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Importantly, sorafenib-resistant HCC cells were characterized by increased expression of intracellular SPARC, elevated cholesterol levels, and enhanced invasive capacity. Inhibiting SPARC expression or reducing cholesterol levels enhanced the sensitivity of HCC cells to sorafenib treatment. Together, these findings unveil interplay between SPARC and cholesterol homeostasis. Targeting SPARC-triggered cholesterol-dependent oncogenic signaling is a potential therapeutic strategy for advanced HCC. SIGNIFICANCE Intracellular SPARC boosts cholesterol availability to fuel invasion and drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma, providing a rational approach to improve the treatment of advanced liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wan
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University & Clinical Medicine Research Institute of Soochow University and Suzhou BenQ Medical Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Quan-Yao He
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University & Clinical Medicine Research Institute of Soochow University and Suzhou BenQ Medical Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yun Yang
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University & Clinical Medicine Research Institute of Soochow University and Suzhou BenQ Medical Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Feng Liu
- YongDing Clinical Institute of Soochow University, Hygeia Suzhou YongDing Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University & Clinical Medicine Research Institute of Soochow University and Suzhou BenQ Medical Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University & Clinical Medicine Research Institute of Soochow University and Suzhou BenQ Medical Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hui Niu
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University & Clinical Medicine Research Institute of Soochow University and Suzhou BenQ Medical Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University & Clinical Medicine Research Institute of Soochow University and Suzhou BenQ Medical Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Liu
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University & Clinical Medicine Research Institute of Soochow University and Suzhou BenQ Medical Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wen-Long Ye
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University & Clinical Medicine Research Institute of Soochow University and Suzhou BenQ Medical Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Ming Li
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University & Clinical Medicine Research Institute of Soochow University and Suzhou BenQ Medical Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xue-Mei ZhuanSun
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University & Clinical Medicine Research Institute of Soochow University and Suzhou BenQ Medical Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Pu Sun
- Department of Bioinformatics, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Shun He
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University & Clinical Medicine Research Institute of Soochow University and Suzhou BenQ Medical Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guang Hu
- Department of Bioinformatics, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kai Breuhahn
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hua Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Wu
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University & Clinical Medicine Research Institute of Soochow University and Suzhou BenQ Medical Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hua Wu
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University & Clinical Medicine Research Institute of Soochow University and Suzhou BenQ Medical Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Kuzan A, Chwiłkowska A, Maksymowicz K, Abramczyk U, Gamian A. Relationships between Osteopontin, Osteoprotegerin, and Other Extracellular Matrix Proteins in Calcifying Arteries. Biomedicines 2024; 12:847. [PMID: 38672202 PMCID: PMC11048129 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) are glycoproteins that participate in the regulation of tissue biomineralization. The aim of the project is to verify the hypothesis that the content of OPN and OPG in the aorta walls increases with the development of atherosclerosis and that these proteins are quantitatively related to the main proteins in the extracellular arteries matrix. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of the OPN and OPG content in 101 aorta sections have been conducted. Additionally, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test has been performed to determine the collagen types I-IV and elastin content in the tissues. Correlations between the biochemical data and patients' age/sex, atherosclerosis stages, and calcification occurrences in the tissue have been established. We are the first to report correlations between OPN or OPG and various types of collagen and elastin content (OPG/type I collagen correlation: r = 0.37, p = 0.004; OPG/type II collagen: r = 0.34, p = 0.007; OPG/type III collagen: r = 0.39, p = 0.002, OPG/type IV collagen: r = 0.27, p = 0.03; OPG/elastin: r = 0.42, p = 0.001; OPN/collagen type I: r = 0.34, p = 0.007; OPN/collagen type II: r = 0.52, p = 0.000; OPN/elastin: r = 0.61, p = 0.001). OPN overexpression accompanies calcium deposit (CA) formation with the protein localized in the calcium deposit, whereas OPG is located outside the CA. Although OPN and OPG seem to play a similar function (inhibiting calcification), these glycoproteins have different tissue localizations and independent expression regulation. The independent expression regulation presumably depends on the factors responsible for stimulating the synthesis of collagens and elastin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kuzan
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Pharmacology and Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Stanisława Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Chwiłkowska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Maksymowicz
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 4, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Urszula Abramczyk
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Regional Specialist Hospital, Research and Development Center, Kamieńskiego 73A, 51-124 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Gamian
- Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland;
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3
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Chu T, Cui J, Sun L, Zhang X, Sun L, Tong J, Li L, Xiao Y, Xu L, Zhang L, Song Y. The disordered extracellular matrix landscape induced endometrial fibrosis of sheep: A multi-omics integrative analysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130845. [PMID: 38503376 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Endometrial fibrosis leads to the destruction of endometrial function and affects reproductive performance. However, mechanisms underlying the development of endometrial fibrosis in sheep remain unclear. We use transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic studies to reveal the formation mechanisms of endometrial fibrosis. The results showed that the fibrotic endometrial tissue phenotype presented fewer glands, accompanied by collagen deposition. Transcriptomic results indicated alterations in genes associated with the synthesis and degradation of extracellular matrix components, which alter metabolite homeostasis, especially in glycerophospholipid metabolism. Moreover, differentially expressed metabolites may play regulatory roles in key metabolic processes during fibrogenesis, including protein digestion and absorption, and amino acid synthesis. Affected by the aberrant genes, protein levels related to the extracellular matrix components were altered. In addition, based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis of differentially expressed genes, metabolites and proteins, amino acid biosynthesis, glutathione, glycerophospholipid, arginine and proline metabolism, and cell adhesion are closely associated with fibrogenesis. Finally, we analyzed the dynamic changes in serum differential metabolites at different time points during fibrosis. Taken together, fibrosis development is related to metabolic obstacles in extracellular matrix synthesis and degradation triggered by disturbed gene and protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Jiuzeng Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Lei Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Le Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Jiashun Tong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Long Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
| | - Yuhang Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Liang Xu
- Weinan Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Inspection and Testing Center, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
| | - Yuxuan Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
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4
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Gonzalez Galofre ZN, Kilpatrick AM, Marques M, Sá da Bandeira D, Ventura T, Gomez Salazar M, Bouilleau L, Marc Y, Barbosa AB, Rossi F, Beltran M, van de Werken HJG, van IJcken WFJ, Henderson NC, Forbes SJ, Crisan M. Runx1+ vascular smooth muscle cells are essential for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell development in vivo. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1653. [PMID: 38395882 PMCID: PMC10891074 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44913-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) produce all essential cellular components of the blood. Stromal cell lines supporting HSCs follow a vascular smooth muscle cell (vSMC) differentiation pathway, suggesting that some hematopoiesis-supporting cells originate from vSMC precursors. These pericyte-like precursors were recently identified in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region; however, their role in the hematopoietic development in vivo remains unknown. Here, we identify a subpopulation of NG2+Runx1+ perivascular cells that display a sclerotome-derived vSMC transcriptomic profile. We show that deleting Runx1 in NG2+ cells impairs the hematopoietic development in vivo and causes transcriptional changes in pericytes/vSMCs, endothelial cells and hematopoietic cells in the murine AGM. Importantly, this deletion leads also to a significant reduction of HSC reconstitution potential in the bone marrow in vivo. This defect is developmental, as NG2+Runx1+ cells were not detected in the adult bone marrow, demonstrating the existence of a specialised pericyte population in the HSC-generating niche, unique to the embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaniah N Gonzalez Galofre
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine/Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alastair M Kilpatrick
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine/Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Madalena Marques
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine/Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Diana Sá da Bandeira
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine/Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Telma Ventura
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine/Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mario Gomez Salazar
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine/Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Léa Bouilleau
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine/Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yvan Marc
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine/Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ana B Barbosa
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine/Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Fiona Rossi
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine/Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mariana Beltran
- Centre for Inflammation Research/Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Harmen J G van de Werken
- Cancer Computational Biology Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilfred F J van IJcken
- Center for Biomics, Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, 3015 GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Neil C Henderson
- Centre for Inflammation Research/Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stuart J Forbes
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine/Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mihaela Crisan
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine/Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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5
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Arai M, Kaku M, Thant L, Kitami M, Ono Y, Dobashi A, Iwama H, Mizukoshi M, Kitami K, Matsumoto M, Saito I, Uoshima K. Effect of Sparc knockout on the extracellular matrix of mouse periodontal ligament cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 692:149364. [PMID: 38070276 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The periodontal ligament (PDL) is a critical component in maintaining tooth stability. It is composed of cells and an extracellular matrix (ECM), each with unique roles in tissue function and homeostasis. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), a calcium-binding matricellular glycoprotein, plays a crucial role in regulating ECM assembly and turnover, alongside facilitating cellular-ECM interactions. In the present study, mass spectrometry-based proteomics was used to assess the impacts of Sparc-knockout (KO) on PDL-derived cells. Results demonstrated that Sparc-KO significantly reduces ECM production and alters its composition with increased levels of type I collagen. Despite this increase in Sparc-KO, type I collagen was not likely to be effectively integrated into the fibrils due to collagen cross-linking impairment. Furthermore, the pathway and process enrichment analyses suggested that SPARC plays a protective role against ECM degradation by antagonistically interacting with cell-surface collagen receptors. These findings provide detailed insights into the multifaceted role of SPARC in ECM organization, including its impact on ECM production, collagen regulation, and interactions with various cellular compartments. A better understanding of these complex mechanisms is crucial for comprehending the causes of periodontal disease and tissue regeneration, where precise control of ECM organization is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moe Arai
- Division of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masaru Kaku
- Division of Bio-prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Lay Thant
- Division of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan; Division of Dental Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan; Center for Advanced Oral Science, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Megumi Kitami
- Division of Dental Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan; Center for Advanced Oral Science, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Ono
- Division of Bio-prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Azusa Dobashi
- Division of Bio-prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hajime Iwama
- Division of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masaru Mizukoshi
- Division of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kohei Kitami
- Division of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masaki Matsumoto
- Department of Omics and Systems Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Isao Saito
- Division of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Katsumi Uoshima
- Division of Bio-prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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6
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Carpo N, Tran V, Biancotti JC, Cepeda C, Espinosa-Jeffrey A. Space Flight Enhances Stress Pathways in Human Neural Stem Cells. Biomolecules 2024; 14:65. [PMID: 38254665 PMCID: PMC10813251 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cells have evolved to function under Earth's gravity, but how they respond to microgravity remains largely unknown. Neural stem cells (NSCs) are essential for the maintenance of central nervous system (CNS) functions during development and the regeneration of all CNS cell populations. Here, we examined the behavior of space (SPC)-flown NSCs as they readapted to Earth's gravity. We found that most of these cells survived the space flight and self-renewed. Yet, some showed enhanced stress responses as well as autophagy-like behavior. To ascertain if the secretome from SPC-flown NSCs contained molecules inducing these responses, we incubated naïve, non-starved NSCs in a medium containing SPC-NSC secretome. We found a four-fold increase in stress responses. Proteomic analysis of the secretome revealed that the protein of the highest content produced by SPC-NSCs was secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), which induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, resulting in the cell's demise. These results offer novel knowledge on the response of neural cells, particularly NSCs, subjected to space microgravity. Moreover, some secreted proteins have been identified as microgravity sensing, paving a new venue for future research aiming at targeting the SPARC metabolism. Although we did not establish a direct relationship between microgravity-induced stress and SPARC as a potential marker, these results represent the first step in the identification of gravity sensing molecules as targets to be modulated and to design effective countermeasures to mitigate intracranial hypertension in astronauts using structure-based protein design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Carpo
- Department of Psychiatry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA (V.T.); (C.C.)
| | - Victoria Tran
- Department of Psychiatry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA (V.T.); (C.C.)
| | - Juan Carlos Biancotti
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Carlos Cepeda
- Department of Psychiatry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA (V.T.); (C.C.)
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Pan Y, Zhang D, Zhang J, Liu X, Xu J, Zeng R, Cui W, Liu T, Wang J, Dong L. Suppression of SPARC Ameliorates Ovalbumin-induced Airway Remodeling via TGFβ1/Smad2 in Chronic Asthma. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2024; 16:91-108. [PMID: 38262393 PMCID: PMC10823139 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2024.16.1.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Airway remodeling is a critical feature of asthma. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), which plays a cardinal role in regulating cell-matrix interactions, has been implicated in various fibrotic diseases. However, the effect of SPARC in asthma remains unknown. METHODS We studied the expression of SPARC in human bronchial epithelial cells and serum of asthmatics as well as in the lung tissues of chronic asthma mice. The role of SPARC was examined by using a Lentivirus-mediated SPARC knockdown method in the ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma mice. The biological processes regulated by SPARC were identified using RNA sequencing. The function of SPARC in the remodeling process induced by transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) was conducted by using SPARC small interfering RNA (siRNA) or recombinant human SPARC protein in 16HBE cells. RESULTS We observed that SPARC was up-regulated in human bronchial epithelia of asthmatics and the asthmatic mice. The levels of serum SPARC in asthmatics were also elevated and negatively correlated with the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) to forced vital capacity ratio (FVC) (r = -0.485, P < 0.01) and FEV1 (%predicted) (r = -0.425, P = 0.001). In the chronic asthmatic mice, Lentivirus-mediated SPARC knockdown significantly decreased airway remodeling and airway hyper-responsiveness. According to gene set enrichment analysis, negatively enriched pathways found in the OVA + short hairpin-SPARC group included ECM organization and collagen formation. In the lung function studies, knockdown of SPARC by siRNA reduced the expression of remodeling-associated biomarkers, cell migration, and contraction by blocking the TGFβ1/Smad2 pathway. Addition of human recombinant SPARC protein promoted the TGFβ1-induced remodeling process, cell migration, and contraction in 16HBE cells via the TGFβ1/Smad2 pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our studies provided evidence for the involvement of SPARC in the airway remodeling of asthma via the TGFβ1/Smad2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Pan
- Department of Respiratory, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jintao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- Department of Respiratory, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jiawei Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Department of Respiratory, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenjing Cui
- Department of Respiratory, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tian Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Junfei Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Liang Dong
- Department of Respiratory, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, China.
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8
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Cassuto J, Folestad A, Göthlin J, Malchau H, Kärrholm J. The importance of BMPs and TGF-βs for endochondral bone repair - A longitudinal study in hip arthroplasty patients. Bone Rep 2023; 19:101723. [PMID: 38047271 PMCID: PMC10690547 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2023.101723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Osseointegration of hip implants, although a decade-long process, shows striking similarities with the four major phases of endochondral bone repair. In the current study we investigated the spatiotemporal involvement of bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) and transforming growth factor betas (TGF-βs) throughout the process of bone repair leading to successfully osseointegrated hip implants. Materials and methods Twenty-four patients that had undergone primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) due to one-sided osteoarthritis (OA) were investigated during a period of 18 years (Y) with repeated measurements of plasma biomarkers as well as clinical and radiological variables. All implants were clinically and radiographically well anchored throughout the follow-up. Eighty-one healthy donors divided in three gender- and age-matched groups and twenty OA patients awaiting THA, served as controls. Plasma was analyzed for BMP-1, -2, -3, -4, -6, -7 -9 and TGF-β1, -β2, -β3 by use of a high-sensitivity and wide dynamic range electrochemiluminescence technique allowing for detection of minor changes. Results Spatiotemporal changes during the follow-up are presented in the context of the four phases of endochondral bone repair shown in earlier studies and transposed to the current study based on similarities in biomarker responses. Phase 1: Primary proinflammatory phase lasting from surgery until day 7, Phase 2: Chondrogenic phase from day 7 until 18 months postsurgery, Phase 3: Secondary proinflammatory and cartilage remodeling phase lasting from 18 months until 7Y, Phase 4: coupled bone remodeling from 7Y until 18Y postsurgery. BMP-1 increased sharply shortly after surgery and remained significantly above healthy during the chondrocyte recruitment, proliferation, and hypertrophy phases with a subsequent return to control level at 5Y postsurgery. BMP-2 was above healthy controls before surgery and 1 day after surgery before decreasing to control level and remaining there throughout the follow-up. BMP-3 was at control level from presurgery until 6M after surgery when it increased to a peak at 2Y during the cartilage hypertrophy phase followed by a gradual decrease to control level at 10Y during the phase of bone formation. In the following, BMP-3 decreased below controls to a nadir 15Y postsurgery during coupled bone remodeling. BMP-4 was at control level from presurgery until 10Y postsurgery when it increased to a sharp peak at 15Y after surgery followed by a return to the level of healthy at 18Y. BMP-6 did not differ from healthy during the follow-up. BMP-7 was at control level from presurgery until 1Y postsurgery before gradually increasing to a peak at 10Y during the early phase of osteogenesis with a gradual return to control level at 18Y during the phase of coupled bone remodeling. BMP-9 was above OA before surgery followed by a decrease to basal level on day 1 after surgery and a renewed increase to a plateau above controls lasting from 6 W until returning to the level of healthy at 18Y postsurgery, i.e., throughout the phases of cartilage formation, cartilage hypertrophy and remodeling, bone formation and coupled bone remodeling. TGF-β1 was above controls presurgery before decreasing to baseline shortly after surgery followed by a renewed increase at 6 M to a peak at 2Y during cartilage hypertrophy/remodeling followed by a gradual return to baseline at 10Y during early osteoblastogenesis. TGF-β2 was at control level from presurgery until the phase of cartilage remodeling at 5Y when it increased sharply to a peak at 7Y with a gradual return to baseline at 18Y postsurgery. TGF-β3 remained at control level throughout the study. Conclusion This study shows that the involvement of BMPs and TGF-βs in endochondral bone repair is a process of stepwise recruitment of individual biomarkers characterized by distinct, yet overlaping, spatiotemporal patterns that extend from the early phase of pre-chondrocyte recruitment until the late phase of coupled bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Cassuto
- Orthopedic Research Unit & Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Institution of Clinical Sciences, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Agnetha Folestad
- Department of Orthopedics, CapioLundby Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jan Göthlin
- Department of Radiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Institution of Clinical Sciences, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Malchau
- Orthopedic Research Unit & Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Johan Kärrholm
- Orthopedic Research Unit & Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Institution of Clinical Sciences, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden
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9
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Hewitt RJ, Puttur F, Gaboriau DCA, Fercoq F, Fresquet M, Traves WJ, Yates LL, Walker SA, Molyneaux PL, Kemp SV, Nicholson AG, Rice A, Roberts E, Lennon R, Carlin LM, Byrne AJ, Maher TM, Lloyd CM. Lung extracellular matrix modulates KRT5 + basal cell activity in pulmonary fibrosis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6039. [PMID: 37758700 PMCID: PMC10533905 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41621-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expansion of KRT5+ basal cells in the distal lung accompanies progressive alveolar epithelial cell loss and tissue remodelling during fibrogenesis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The mechanisms determining activity of KRT5+ cells in IPF have not been delineated. Here, we reveal a potential mechanism by which KRT5+ cells migrate within the fibrotic lung, navigating regional differences in collagen topography. In vitro, KRT5+ cell migratory characteristics and expression of remodelling genes are modulated by extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and organisation. Mass spectrometry- based proteomics revealed compositional differences in ECM components secreted by primary human lung fibroblasts (HLF) from IPF patients compared to controls. Over-expression of ECM glycoprotein, Secreted Protein Acidic and Cysteine Rich (SPARC) in the IPF HLF matrix restricts KRT5+ cell migration in vitro. Together, our findings demonstrate how changes to the ECM in IPF directly influence KRT5+ cell behaviour and function contributing to remodelling events in the fibrotic niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Hewitt
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Franz Puttur
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - David C A Gaboriau
- Facility for Imaging by Light Microscopy, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | | | - Maryline Fresquet
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - William J Traves
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Laura L Yates
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Simone A Walker
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Philip L Molyneaux
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Samuel V Kemp
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6NP, UK
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, City Campus, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Andrew G Nicholson
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Alexandra Rice
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Edward Roberts
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Rachel Lennon
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Leo M Carlin
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Adam J Byrne
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Toby M Maher
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Keck Medicine of USC, 1510 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Clare M Lloyd
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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10
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Laddach A, Chng SH, Lasrado R, Progatzky F, Shapiro M, Erickson A, Sampedro Castaneda M, Artemov AV, Bon-Frauches AC, Amaniti EM, Kleinjung J, Boeing S, Ultanir S, Adameyko I, Pachnis V. A branching model of lineage differentiation underpinning the neurogenic potential of enteric glia. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5904. [PMID: 37737269 PMCID: PMC10516949 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41492-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Glial cells have been proposed as a source of neural progenitors, but the mechanisms underpinning the neurogenic potential of adult glia are not known. Using single cell transcriptomic profiling, we show that enteric glial cells represent a cell state attained by autonomic neural crest cells as they transition along a linear differentiation trajectory that allows them to retain neurogenic potential while acquiring mature glial functions. Key neurogenic loci in early enteric nervous system progenitors remain in open chromatin configuration in mature enteric glia, thus facilitating neuronal differentiation under appropriate conditions. Molecular profiling and gene targeting of enteric glial cells in a cell culture model of enteric neurogenesis and a gut injury model demonstrate that neuronal differentiation of glia is driven by transcriptional programs employed in vivo by early progenitors. Our work provides mechanistic insight into the regulatory landscape underpinning the development of intestinal neural circuits and generates a platform for advancing glial cells as therapeutic agents for the treatment of neural deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Laddach
- Nervous System Development and Homeostasis Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
| | - Song Hui Chng
- Nervous System Development and Homeostasis Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Experimental Drug Development Centre A*STAR 10 Biopolis Road, Chromos, 138670, Singapore
| | - Reena Lasrado
- Nervous System Development and Homeostasis Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- COMPASS Pathways PLC, Fora, 33 Broadwick St, London, W1F 0DQ, UK
| | - Fränze Progatzky
- Nervous System Development and Homeostasis Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Michael Shapiro
- Nervous System Development and Homeostasis Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Alek Erickson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17165, Sweden
| | - Marisol Sampedro Castaneda
- Kinases and Brain Development Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Artem V Artemov
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Bienna, 1090, Austria
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ana Carina Bon-Frauches
- Nervous System Development and Homeostasis Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Eleni-Maria Amaniti
- Nervous System Development and Homeostasis Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre, London, UK
| | - Jens Kleinjung
- Nervous System Development and Homeostasis Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Sosei Heptares, Steinmetz Building, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge, CB21 6DG, UK
| | - Stefan Boeing
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Science Technology Platform, the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Sila Ultanir
- Kinases and Brain Development Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Igor Adameyko
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17165, Sweden
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Bienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Vassilis Pachnis
- Nervous System Development and Homeostasis Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
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11
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Raja E, Clarin MTRDC, Yanagisawa H. Matricellular Proteins in the Homeostasis, Regeneration, and Aging of Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14274. [PMID: 37762584 PMCID: PMC10531864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Matricellular proteins are secreted extracellular proteins that bear no primary structural functions but play crucial roles in tissue remodeling during development, homeostasis, and aging. Despite their low expression after birth, matricellular proteins within skin compartments support the structural function of many extracellular matrix proteins, such as collagens. In this review, we summarize the function of matricellular proteins in skin stem cell niches that influence stem cells' fate and self-renewal ability. In the epidermal stem cell niche, fibulin 7 promotes epidermal stem cells' heterogeneity and fitness into old age, and the transforming growth factor-β-induced protein ig-h3 (TGFBI)-enhances epidermal stem cell growth and wound healing. In the hair follicle stem cell niche, matricellular proteins such as periostin, tenascin C, SPARC, fibulin 1, CCN2, and R-Spondin 2 and 3 modulate stem cell activity during the hair cycle and may stabilize arrector pili muscle attachment to the hair follicle during piloerections (goosebumps). In skin wound healing, matricellular proteins are upregulated, and their functions have been examined in various gain-and-loss-of-function studies. However, much remains unknown concerning whether these proteins modulate skin stem cell behavior, plasticity, or cell-cell communications during wound healing and aging, leaving a new avenue for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erna Raja
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan; (E.R.); (M.T.R.D.C.C.)
| | - Maria Thea Rane Dela Cruz Clarin
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan; (E.R.); (M.T.R.D.C.C.)
- Ph.D. Program in Humanics, School of Integrative and Global Majors (SIGMA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Hiromi Yanagisawa
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan; (E.R.); (M.T.R.D.C.C.)
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12
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Kaur S, Roberts DD. Why do humans need thrombospondin-1? J Cell Commun Signal 2023; 17:485-493. [PMID: 36689135 PMCID: PMC10409698 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-023-00722-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Matricellular proteins comprise several families of secreted proteins that function in higher animals at the interface between cells and their surrounding extracellular matrix. Targeted gene disruptions that result in loss of viability in mice have revealed critical roles for several matricellular proteins in murine embryonic development, including two members of the cellular communication network (CCN) gene family. In contrast, mice lacking single or multiple members of the thrombospondin (THBS) gene family remain viable and fertile. The frequency of loss of function mutants, identified using human deep exome sequencing data, provided evidence that some of the essential genes in mice, including Ccn1, are also essential genes in humans. However, a deficit in loss of function mutants in humans indicated that THBS1 is also highly loss-intolerant. In addition to roles in embryonic development or adult reproduction, genes may be loss-intolerant in humans because their function is needed to survive environmental stresses that are encountered between birth and reproduction. Laboratory mice live in a protected environment that lacks the exposures to pathogens and injury that humans routinely face. However, subjecting Thbs1-/- mice to defined stresses has provided valuable insights into functions of thrombospondin-1 that could account for the loss-intolerance of THBS1 in humans. Stress response models using transgenic mice have identified protective functions of thrombospondin-1 in the cardiovascular system (red) and immune defenses (blue) that could account for its intolerance to loss of function mutants in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhbir Kaur
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10 Room 2S235, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1500, USA
| | - David D Roberts
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10 Room 2S235, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1500, USA.
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13
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Ham SM, Song MJ, Yoon HS, Lee DH, Chung JH, Lee ST. SPARC Is Highly Expressed in Young Skin and Promotes Extracellular Matrix Integrity in Fibroblasts via the TGF-β Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12179. [PMID: 37569556 PMCID: PMC10419001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The matricellular secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC; also known as osteonectin), is involved in the regulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis, cell-ECM interactions, and bone mineralization. We found decreased SPARC expression in aged skin. Incubating foreskin fibroblasts with recombinant human SPARC led to increased type I collagen production and decreased matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) secretion at the protein and mRNA levels. In a three-dimensional culture of foreskin fibroblasts mimicking the dermis, SPARC significantly increased the synthesis of type I collagen and decreased its degradation. In addition, SPARC also induced receptor-regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) phosphorylation. An inhibitor of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) receptor type 1 reversed the SPARC-induced increase in type I collagen and decrease in MMP-1, and decreased SPARC-induced R-SMAD phosphorylation. Transcriptome analysis revealed that SPARC modulated expression of genes involved in ECM synthesis and regulation in fibroblasts. RT-qPCR confirmed that a subset of differentially expressed genes is induced by SPARC. These results indicated that SPARC enhanced ECM integrity by activating the TGF-β signaling pathway in fibroblasts. We inferred that the decline in SPARC expression in aged skin contributes to process of skin aging by negatively affecting ECM integrity in fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Min Ham
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
| | - Min Ji Song
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; (M.J.S.); (H.-S.Y.); (D.H.L.); (J.H.C.)
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Sun Yoon
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; (M.J.S.); (H.-S.Y.); (D.H.L.); (J.H.C.)
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul 07061, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; (M.J.S.); (H.-S.Y.); (D.H.L.); (J.H.C.)
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ho Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; (M.J.S.); (H.-S.Y.); (D.H.L.); (J.H.C.)
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Taek Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
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14
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van Meijel RLJ, Vliex LMM, Hartwig S, Lehr S, Al-Hasani H, Blaak EE, Goossens GH. The impact of mild hypoxia exposure on myokine secretion in human obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:520-527. [PMID: 36997723 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01294-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Compelling evidence indicates that myokines act in an autocrine, paracrine and endocrine manner to alter metabolic homeostasis. The mechanisms underlying exercise-induced changes in myokine secretion remain to be elucidated. Since exercise acutely decreases oxygen partial pressure (pO2) in skeletal muscle (SM), the present study was designed to test the hypothesis that (1) hypoxia exposure impacts myokine secretion in primary human myotubes and (2) exposure to mild hypoxia in vivo alters fasting and postprandial plasma myokine concentrations in humans. METHODS Differentiated primary human myotubes were exposed to different physiological pO2 levels for 24 h, and cell culture medium was harvested to determine myokine secretion. Furthermore, we performed a randomized single-blind crossover trial to investigate the impact of mild intermittent hypoxia exposure (MIH: 7-day exposure to 15% O2, 3x2h/day vs. normoxia: 21% O2) on in vivo SM pO2 and plasma myokine concentrations in 12 individuals with overweight and obesity (body-mass index ≥ 28 kg/m2). RESULTS Hypoxia exposure (1% O2) increased secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC, p = 0.043) and follistatin like 1 (FSTL1, p = 0.021), and reduced leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) secretion (p = 0.009) compared to 3% O2 in primary human myotubes. In addition, 1% O2 exposure increased interleukin-6 (IL-6, p = 0.004) and SPARC secretion (p = 0.021), whilst reducing fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3) secretion (p = 0.021) compared to 21% O2. MIH exposure in vivo markedly decreased SM pO2 (≈40%, p = 0.002) but did not alter plasma myokine concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Hypoxia exposure altered the secretion of several myokines in primary human myotubes, revealing hypoxia as a novel modulator of myokine secretion. However, both acute and 7-day MIH exposure did not induce alterations in plasma myokine concentrations in individuals with overweight and obesity. CLINICAL TRIALS IDENTIFIER This study is registered at the Netherlands Trial Register (NL7120/NTR7325).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rens L J van Meijel
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lars M M Vliex
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sonja Hartwig
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Duesseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Lehr
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Duesseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Hadi Al-Hasani
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Duesseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs H Goossens
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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15
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Macromolecular crowding regulates matrix composition and gene expression in human gingival fibroblast cultures. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2047. [PMID: 36739306 PMCID: PMC9899282 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29252-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Standard cell cultures are performed in aqueous media with a low macromolecule concentration compared to tissue microenvironment. In macromolecular crowding (MMC) experiments, synthetic polymeric crowders are added into cell culture media to better mimic macromolecule concentrations found in vivo. However, their effect on cultured cells is incompletely understood and appears context-dependent. Here we show using human gingival fibroblasts, a cell type associated with fast and scarless wound healing, that MMC (standard medium supplemented with Ficoll 70/400) potently modulates fibroblast phenotype and extracellular matrix (ECM) composition compared to standard culture media (nMMC) over time. MMC significantly reduced cell numbers, but increased accumulation of collagen I, cellular fibronectin, and tenascin C, while suppressing level of SPARC (Secreted Protein Acidic and Cysteine Rich). Out of the 75 wound healing and ECM related genes studied, MMC significantly modulated expression of 25 genes compared to nMMC condition. MMC also suppressed myofibroblast markers and promoted deposition of basement membrane molecules collagen IV, laminin 1, and expression of LAMB3 (Laminin Subunit Beta 3) gene. In cell-derived matrices produced by a novel decellularization protocol, the altered molecular composition of MMC matrices was replicated. Thus, MMC may improve cell culture models for research and provide novel approaches for regenerative therapy.
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16
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Adipose Tissue Paracrine-, Autocrine-, and Matrix-Dependent Signaling during the Development and Progression of Obesity. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030407. [PMID: 36766750 PMCID: PMC9913478 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an ever-increasing phenomenon, with 42% of Americans being considered obese (BMI ≥ 30) and 9.2% being considered morbidly obese (BMI ≥ 40) as of 2016. With obesity being characterized by an abundance of adipose tissue expansion, abnormal tissue remodeling is a typical consequence. Importantly, this pathological tissue expansion is associated with many alterations in the cellular populations and phenotypes within the tissue, lending to cellular, paracrine, mechanical, and metabolic alterations that have local and systemic effects, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In particular, vascular dynamics shift during the progression of obesity, providing signaling cues that drive metabolic dysfunction. In this review, paracrine-, autocrine-, and matrix-dependent signaling between adipocytes and endothelial cells is discussed in the context of the development and progression of obesity and its consequential diseases, including adipose fibrosis, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.
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SPARC is a decoy counterpart for c‑Fos and is associated with osteoblastic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells by inhibiting adipogenesis. Mol Med Rep 2023; 27:50. [PMID: 36633137 PMCID: PMC9879077 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2023.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), also called basement‑membrane protein 40 or osteonectin, is a matricellular protein that is abundant not only in bone tissue as a non‑collagenous protein but is also ubiquitously expressed in non‑calcified tissue. SPARC is located intracellularly and disruption of the Sparc gene has been reported to reduce bone formation and increase fat tissue; however, the mechanism by which SPARC inhibits adipogenesis remains unclear. The present study evaluated the intracellular function of SPARC in adipogenesis using the bone marrow stromal cell line ST2. When ST2 cells with low SPARC production were cloned, intrinsic activator protein‑1 (AP‑1) activity was markedly higher, mineralized nodule formation was significantly lower and lipid accumulation was significantly increased compared with in the parental ST2 cells. Forced expression of secreted SPARC with the signal peptide‑coding sequences of wild‑type Sparc or preprotrypsin in SPARC‑low ST2 cells significantly reduced AP‑1 transcription activity; however, these reductions were not observed in the absence of signal peptide sequences. Recombinant SPARC, produced using Brevibacillus brevis, specifically bound to c‑Fos but not c‑Jun and inhibited the binding of c‑Fos/c‑Jun to a TPA‑response element sequence. These data suggested that SPARC was incorporated into the cells from the extracellular spaces and serves an intracellular role as a decoy counterpart for c‑Fos, as well as being associated with osteoblastogenesis through the inhibition of adipogenesis. These findings may provide new insights into regenerative medicine.
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Kim K, Huang H, Parida PK, He L, Marquez-Palencia M, Reese TC, Kapur P, Brugarolas J, Brekken RA, Malladi S. Cell Competition Shapes Metastatic Latency and Relapse. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:85-97. [PMID: 36098678 PMCID: PMC9839468 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cell competition, a fitness-sensing process, is essential for tissue homeostasis. Using cancer metastatic latency models, we show that cell competition results in the displacement of latent metastatic (Lat-M) cells from the primary tumor. Lat-M cells resist anoikis and survive as residual metastatic disease. A memodeled extracellular matrix facilitates Lat-M cell displacement and survival in circulation. Disrupting cell competition dynamics by depleting secreted protein and rich in cysteine (SPARC) reduced displacement from orthotopic tumors and attenuated metastases. In contrast, depletion of SPARC after extravasation in lung-resident Lat-M cells increased metastatic outgrowth. Furthermore, multiregional transcriptomic analyses of matched primary tumors and metachronous metastases from patients with kidney cancer identified tumor subclones with Lat-M traits. Kidney cancer enriched for these Lat-M traits had a rapid onset of metachronous metastases and significantly reduced disease-free survival. Thus, an unexpected consequence of cell competition is the displacement of cells with Lat-M potential, thereby shaping metastatic latency and relapse. SIGNIFICANCE We demonstrate that cell competition within the primary tumor results in the displacement of Lat-M cells. We further show the impact of altering cell competition dynamics on metastatic incidence that may guide strategies to limit metastatic recurrences. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangsan Kim
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Huocong Huang
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research and Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Pravat Kumar Parida
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Lan He
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mauricio Marquez-Palencia
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Tanner C Reese
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Urology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Payal Kapur
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Kidney Cancer Program, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - James Brugarolas
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Kidney Cancer Program, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Rolf A Brekken
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research and Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Srinivas Malladi
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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Fischer NG, Aparicio C. Junctional epithelium and hemidesmosomes: Tape and rivets for solving the "percutaneous device dilemma" in dental and other permanent implants. Bioact Mater 2022; 18:178-198. [PMID: 35387164 PMCID: PMC8961425 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The percutaneous device dilemma describes etiological factors, centered around the disrupted epithelial tissue surrounding non-remodelable devices, that contribute to rampant percutaneous device infection. Natural percutaneous organs, in particular their extracellular matrix mediating the "device"/epithelium interface, serve as exquisite examples to inspire longer lasting long-term percutaneous device design. For example, the tooth's imperviousness to infection is mediated by the epithelium directly surrounding it, the junctional epithelium (JE). The hallmark feature of JE is formation of hemidesmosomes, cell/matrix adhesive structures that attach surrounding oral gingiva to the tooth's enamel through a basement membrane. Here, the authors survey the multifaceted functions of the JE, emphasizing the role of the matrix, with a particular focus on hemidesmosomes and their five main components. The authors highlight the known (and unknown) effects dental implant - as a model percutaneous device - placement has on JE regeneration and synthesize this information for application to other percutaneous devices. The authors conclude with a summary of bioengineering strategies aimed at solving the percutaneous device dilemma and invigorating greater collaboration between clinicians, bioengineers, and matrix biologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G. Fischer
- MDRCBB-Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, University of Minnesota, 16-212 Moos Tower, 515 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Conrado Aparicio
- MDRCBB-Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, University of Minnesota, 16-212 Moos Tower, 515 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Division of Basic Research, Faculty of Odontology, UIC Barcelona – Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, C/. Josep Trueta s/n, 08195, Sant Cugat del Valles, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), C/. Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Zhu W, Qian W, Liao W, Huang X, Xu J, Qu W, Xue J, Feng F, Liu W, Liu F, Han L. Non-Invasive and Real-Time Monitoring of the Breast Cancer Metastasis Degree via Metabolomics. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225589. [PMID: 36428687 PMCID: PMC9688400 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a serious threat to women's health and metastasis is the major cause of BC-associated mortality. Various techniques are currently used to preoperatively describe the metastatic status of tumors, based on which a comprehensive treatment protocol was determined. However, accurately staging a tumor before surgery remains a challenge, which may lead to the miss of optimal treatment options. More severely, the failure to detect and remove occult micrometastases often causes tumor recurrences. There is an urgent need to develop a more precise and non-invasive strategy for the detection of the tumor metastasis in lymph nodes and distant organs. Based on the facts that tumor metastasis is closely related to the primary tumor microenvironment (TME) evolutions and that metabolomics profiling of the circulatory system can precisely reflect subtle changes within TME, we suppose whether metabolomic technology can be used to achieve non-invasive and real-time monitoring of BC metastatic status. In this study, the metastasis status of BC mouse models with different tumor-bearing times was firstly depicted to mimic clinical anatomic TNM staging system. Metabolomic profiling together with metastasis-related changes in TME among tumor-bearing mice with different metastatic status was conducted. A range of differential metabolites reflecting tumor metastatic states were screened and in vivo experiments proved that two main metastasis-driving factors in TME, TGF-β and hypoxia, were closely related to the regular changes of these metabolites. The differential metabolites level changes were also preliminarily confirmed in a limited number of clinical BC samples. Metabolite lysoPC (16:0) was found to be useful for clinical N stage diagnosis and the possible cause of its changes was analyzed by bioinformatics techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanfang Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Wenxin Qian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wenting Liao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaoxian Huang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiawen Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wei Qu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jingwei Xue
- Tumor Precise Intervention and Translational Medicine Laboratory, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Tai’an 271000, China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Wenyuan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Zhejiang Center for Safety Study of Drug Substances (Industrial Technology Innovation Platform), Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Fulei Liu
- Tumor Precise Intervention and Translational Medicine Laboratory, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Tai’an 271000, China
- Pharmaceutical Department, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Tai’an 271000, China
- Correspondence: (F.L.); (L.H.)
| | - Lingfei Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Correspondence: (F.L.); (L.H.)
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Ziesemer S, Meyer S, Edelmann J, Vennmann J, Gudra C, Arndt D, Effenberg M, Hayas O, Hayas A, Thomassen JS, Kubickova B, Pöther DC, Hildebrandt JP. Target Mechanisms of the Cyanotoxin Cylindrospermopsin in Immortalized Human Airway Epithelial Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14110785. [PMID: 36422959 PMCID: PMC9698144 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14110785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a cyanobacterial toxin that occurs in aquatic environments worldwide. It is known for its delayed effects in animals and humans such as inhibition of protein synthesis or genotoxicity. The molecular targets and the cell physiological mechanisms of CYN, however, are not well studied. As inhalation of CYN-containing aerosols has been identified as a relevant route of CYN uptake, we analyzed the effects of CYN on protein expression in cultures of immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE14o-) using a proteomic approach. Proteins whose expression levels were affected by CYN belonged to several functional clusters, mainly regulation of protein stability, cellular adhesion and integration in the extracellular matrix, cell proliferation, cell cycle regulation, and completion of cytokinesis. With a few exceptions of upregulated proteins (e.g., ITI inhibitor of serine endopeptidases and mRNA stabilizer PABPC1), CYN mediated the downregulation of many proteins. Among these, centrosomal protein 55 (CEP55) and osteonectin (SPARC) were significantly reduced in their abundance. Results of the detailed semi-quantitative Western blot analyses of SPARC, claudin-6, and CEP55 supported the findings from the proteomic study that epithelial cell adhesion, attenuation of cell proliferation, delayed completion of mitosis, as well as induction of genomic instability are major effects of CYN in eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Ziesemer
- Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix Hausdorff-Strasse 1, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Susann Meyer
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Occupational Medicine, Nöldnerstrasse 40-42, D-10317 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Edelmann
- Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix Hausdorff-Strasse 1, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Janita Vennmann
- Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix Hausdorff-Strasse 1, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Celine Gudra
- Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix Hausdorff-Strasse 1, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Denise Arndt
- Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix Hausdorff-Strasse 1, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marcus Effenberg
- Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix Hausdorff-Strasse 1, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Olla Hayas
- Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix Hausdorff-Strasse 1, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Aref Hayas
- Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix Hausdorff-Strasse 1, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Johanna Sophia Thomassen
- Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix Hausdorff-Strasse 1, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Barbara Kubickova
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, CZ-61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dierk-Christoph Pöther
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Occupational Medicine, Nöldnerstrasse 40-42, D-10317 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan-Peter Hildebrandt
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Occupational Medicine, Nöldnerstrasse 40-42, D-10317 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)3834-4204295
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22
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Wang W, Zhu T, Wan P, Wei Q, He J, Lai F, Fu Q. SPARC plays an important role in the oviposition and nymphal development in Nilaparvata lugens Stål. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:682. [PMID: 36192692 PMCID: PMC9531499 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08903-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål)is a notorious rice pest in many areas of Asia. Study on the molecular mechanisms underlying its development and reproduction will provide scientific basis for effective control. SPARC (Secreted Protein, Acidic and Rich in Cysteine) is one of structural component of the extracellular matrix, which influences a diverse array of biological functions. In this study, the gene for SPARC was identified and functionally analysed from N.lugens. Results The result showed that the NlSPARC mRNA was highly expressed in fat body, hemolymph and early embryo. The mortality increased significantly when NlSPARC was downregulated after RNA interference (RNAi) in 3 ~ 4th instar nymphs. Downregulation of NlSPARC in adults significantly reduced the number of eggs and offspring, as well as the transcription level of NlSPARC in newly hatched nymphs and survival rate in progeny. The observation with microanatomy on individuals after NlSPARC RNAi showed smaller and less abundant fat body than that in control. No obvious morphological abnormalities in the nymphal development and no differences in development of internal reproductive organ were observed when compared with control. Conclusion NlSPARC is required for oviposition and nymphal development mainly through regulating the tissue of fat body in N.lugens. NlSPARC could be a new candidate target for controlling the rapid propagation of N.lugens population. Our results also demonstrated that the effect of NlSPARC RNAi can transfer to the next generation in N.lugens. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08903-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Tingheng Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Pinjun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Qi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Jiachun He
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Fengxiang Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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23
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Whittal MC, Poynter SJ, Samms K, Briar KJ, Sinopoli SI, Millecamps M, Stone LS, DeWitte-Orr SJ, Gregory DE. TAK-242 treatment and its effect on mechanical properties and gene expression associated with IVD degeneration in SPARC-null mice. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2022; 31:2801-2811. [PMID: 35816198 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-022-07310-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is accompanied by mechanical and gene expression changes to IVDs. SPARC-null mice display accelerated IVD degeneration, and treatment with (toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitor) TAK-242 decreases proinflammatory cytokines and pain. This study examined if chronic TAK-242 treatment impacts mechanical properties and gene expression associated with IVD degeneration in SPARC-null mice. METHODS Male and female SPARC-null and WT mice aged 7-9 months were given intraperitoneal injections with TAK-242 or an equivalent saline vehicle for 8 weeks (3x/per week, M-W-F). L2-L5 spinal segments were tested in cyclic axial tension and compression. Gene expression analysis (RT-qPCR) was performed on male IVD tissues using Qiagen RT2 PCR arrays. RESULTS SPARC-null mice had decreased NZ length (p = 0.001) and increased NZ stiffness (p < 0.001) compared to WT mice. NZ length was not impacted by TAK-242 treatment (p = 0.967) despite increased hysteresis energy (p = 0.024). Tensile stiffness was greater in SPARC-null mice (p = 0.018), and compressive (p < 0.001) stiffness was reduced from TAK-242 treatment in WT but not SPARC-null mice (p = 0.391). Gene expression analysis found upregulation of 13 ECM and 5 inflammatory genes in SPARC-null mice, and downregulation of 2 inflammatory genes after TAK-242 treatment. CONCLUSIONS TAK-242 had limited impacts on SPARC-null mechanical properties and did not attenuate NZ mechanical changes associated with IVD degeneration. Expression analysis revealed an increase in ECM and inflammatory gene expression in SPARCnull mice with a reduction in inflammatory expression due to TAK-242 treatment. This study provides insight into the role of TLR4 in SPARC-null mediated IVD degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchel C Whittal
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Sarah J Poynter
- Department of Health Sciences, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Kayla Samms
- Department of Health Sciences, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - K Josh Briar
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Sabrina I Sinopoli
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Magali Millecamps
- McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, QC, H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Laura S Stone
- McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, QC, H3A 0G4, Canada
- University of Minnesota, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Stephanie J DeWitte-Orr
- Department of Health Sciences, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Diane E Gregory
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada.
- Department of Health Sciences, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada.
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Tetrahydrocurcumin Chemosensitizes Breast Cancer to Albumin-Bound Paclitaxel by Enhancing SPARC Expression through Demethylation. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:7961537. [PMID: 36157225 PMCID: PMC9507704 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7961537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Paclitaxel is an effective chemotherapy drug for breast cancer (BC); however, drug resistance affects long-term clinical applications. In this study, we aimed to explore whether a natural compound, tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), could sensitize BC to albumin-bound paclitaxel (ab-PTX). The in vitro sensitization effect of THC to ab-PTX was evaluated in human BC cell lines, and in vivo chemosensitivity was measured using a xenograft BC tumor model. The expression of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), a speculated protein interacting with ab-PTX, was measured. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) was used to further explore whether demethylation of SPARC by THC contributed to its chemosensitivity capabilities. Higher SPARC expression was correlated with a better prognosis in patients with BC. In vitro analysis showed THC enhanced the inhibitory effect of ab-PTX on BC cells and xenograft tumors and showed significant chemosensitivity. This enhancement mainly relied on upregulating the expression of SPARC through downregulating methylation of the SPARC gene. The demethylating agent, 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-Cdr), decreased THC's chemosensitivity effect, further confirming this molecular mechanism. THC enhanced the inhibitory effect of ab-PTX in BC by downregulating methylation of the SPARC gene. Further, upregulated SPARC increased the efficacy of ab-PTX.
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Nian Q, Li J, Han Z, Liang Q, Liu M, Yang C, Rodrigues-Lima F, Jiang T, Zhao L, Zeng J, Liu C, Shi J. SPARC in hematologic malignancies and novel technique for hematological disease with its abnormal expression. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113519. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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26
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Zhang D, Mohammed H, Ye Z, Rhodes MA, Thongda W, Zhao H, Jescovitch LN, Fuller SA, Davis DA, Peatman E. Transcriptomic profiles of Florida pompano (Trachinotus carolinus) gill following infection by the ectoparasite Amyloodiniumocellatum. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 125:171-179. [PMID: 35569776 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The dinoflagellate Amyloodinium ocellatum is an important pathogenic parasite infecting cultured marine and brackish water fishes worldwide. This includes cultured Florida pompano (Trachinotus carolinus), which is one of the most desirable marine food fish with high economic value in the USA. A. ocellatum infects fish gills and causes tissue damage, increased respiratory rate, reduced appetite, and mortality, especially in closed aquaculture systems. This study mimicked the natural infection of A. ocellatum in cultured pompano and conducted a transcriptomic comparison of gene expression in the gills of control and A. ocellatum infected fish to explore the molecular mechanisms of infection. RNA-seq data revealed 604 differentially expressed genes in the infected fish gills. The immunoglobulin genes (including IgM/T) augmentation and IL1 inflammation suppression were detected after infection. Genes involved in reactive oxygen species mediating parasite killing were also highly induced. However, excessive oxidants have been linked to oxidative tissue damage and apoptosis. Correspondingly, widespread down-regulation of collagen genes and growth factor deprivation indicated impaired tissue repair, and meanwhile the key executor of apoptosis, caspase-3 was highly expressed (25.02-fold) in infected fish. The infection also influenced the respiratory gas sensing and transport genes and established hypoxic conditions in the gill tissue. Additionally, food intake and lipid metabolism were also affected. Our work provides the transcriptome sequencing of Florida pompano and provides key insights into the acute pathogenesis of A. ocellatum. This information can be utilized for designing optimal disease surveillance strategies, future selection for host resistance, and development of novel therapeutic measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Zhang
- College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China; School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Haitham Mohammed
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA; Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Zhi Ye
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Melanie A Rhodes
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Wilawan Thongda
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA; Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (CENTEX Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand; National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Honggang Zhao
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Lauren N Jescovitch
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - S Adam Fuller
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center, 2955 Highway 130 East, Stuttgart, AR, 72160, USA
| | - D Allen Davis
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Eric Peatman
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
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Rackow AR, Judge JL, Woeller CF, Sime PJ, Kottmann RM. miR-338-3p blocks TGFβ-induced myofibroblast differentiation through the induction of PTEN. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 322:L385-L400. [PMID: 34986654 PMCID: PMC8884407 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00251.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic interstitial lung disease. The pathogenesis of IPF is not completely understood. However, numerous genes are associated with the development and progression of pulmonary fibrosis, indicating there is a significant genetic component to the pathogenesis of IPF. Epigenetic influences on the development of human disease, including pulmonary fibrosis, remain to be fully elucidated. In this paper, we identify miR-338-3p as a microRNA severely downregulated in the lungs of patients with pulmonary fibrosis and in experimental models of pulmonary fibrosis. Treatment of primary human lung fibroblasts with miR-338-3p inhibits myofibroblast differentiation and matrix protein production. Published and proposed targets of miR-338-3p such as TGFβ receptor 1, MEK/ERK 1/2, Cdk4, and Cyclin D are also not responsible for the regulation of pulmonary fibroblast behavior by miR-338-3p. miR-338-3p inhibits myofibroblast differentiation by preventing TGFβ-mediated downregulation of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), a known antifibrotic mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley R. Rackow
- 1Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, Rochester, New York,2Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | | | - Collynn F. Woeller
- 2Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, Rochester, New York,4Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Patricia J. Sime
- 5Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Robert M. Kottmann
- 1Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, Rochester, New York,2Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, Rochester, New York,6Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
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Moretti L, Stalfort J, Barker TH, Abebayehu D. The interplay of fibroblasts, the extracellular matrix, and inflammation in scar formation. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101530. [PMID: 34953859 PMCID: PMC8784641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Various forms of fibrosis, comprising tissue thickening and scarring, are involved in 40% of deaths across the world. Since the discovery of scarless functional healing in fetuses prior to a certain stage of development, scientists have attempted to replicate scarless wound healing in adults with little success. While the extracellular matrix (ECM), fibroblasts, and inflammatory mediators have been historically investigated as separate branches of biology, it has become increasingly necessary to consider them as parts of a complex and tightly regulated system that becomes dysregulated in fibrosis. With this new paradigm, revisiting fetal scarless wound healing provides a unique opportunity to better understand how this highly regulated system operates mechanistically. In the following review, we navigate the four stages of wound healing (hemostasis, inflammation, repair, and remodeling) against the backdrop of adult versus fetal wound healing, while also exploring the relationships between the ECM, effector cells, and signaling molecules. We conclude by singling out recent findings that offer promising leads to alter the dynamics between the ECM, fibroblasts, and inflammation to promote scarless healing. One factor that promises to be significant is fibroblast heterogeneity and how certain fibroblast subpopulations might be predisposed to scarless healing. Altogether, reconsidering fetal wound healing by examining the interplay of the various factors contributing to fibrosis provides new research directions that will hopefully help us better understand and address fibroproliferative diseases, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, systemic sclerosis, progressive kidney disease, and cardiovascular fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Moretti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Jack Stalfort
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Thomas Harrison Barker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Daniel Abebayehu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
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Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine (Sparc) KO Leads to an Accelerated Ageing Phenotype Which Is Improved by Exercise Whereas SPARC Overexpression Mimics Exercise Effects in Mice. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12020125. [PMID: 35208200 PMCID: PMC8879002 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is a matricellular glycoprotein implicated in various functions, including metabolism, tissue regeneration, and functional homeostasis. SPARC/Sparc declines with ageing but increases with exercise. We aim to verify two hypotheses: (1) SPARC deficiency leads to an ageing-like phenotype (metabolic decline, muscle loss, etc.), and (2) SPARC overexpression would mimic exercise, counteract ageing, and improve age-related changes. Our mice experiments are divided into two parts. First, we explore the consequences of Sparc knockout (KO) and compare them to the ageing effects. We also observe the effects of exercise. In the second part, we study the effects of SPARC overexpression and compare them to the exercise benefits. At the end, we make an analysis of the results to point out the analogies between Sparc KO and the ageing-like phenotype on the one hand and make comparisons between SPARC overexpression and exercise in the context of exercise counteracting ageing. The measurements were mainly related to tissue weights, adiposity, metabolism, and muscle strength. The main findings are that Sparc KO reduced glucose tolerance, muscle glucose transporter expression, and abdominal adipose tissue weight but increased glycogen content in the muscle. SPARC overexpression increased muscle strength, muscle mass, and expressions of the muscle glucose transporter and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation but lowered the glycemia and the adiposity, especially in males. Collectively, these findings, and the data we have previously reported, show that Sparc KO mice manifest an ageing-like phenotype, whereas SPARC overexpression and exercise generate similar benefits. The benefits are towards counteracting both the SPARC deficiency-induced ageing-like phenotype as well as reversing the age-related changes. The potential applications of these findings are to build/optimize Sparc KO-based animal models of various health conditions and, on the other hand, to develop therapies based on introducing SPARC or targeting SPARC-related pathways to mimic exercise against age-related and metabolic disorders.
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Trinh K, Julovi SM, Rogers NM. The Role of Matrix Proteins in Cardiac Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031338. [PMID: 35163259 PMCID: PMC8836004 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) and ECM-regulatory proteins mediate structural and cell-cell interactions that are crucial for embryonic cardiac development and postnatal homeostasis, as well as organ remodeling and repair in response to injury. These proteins possess a broad functionality that is regulated by multiple structural domains and dependent on their ability to interact with extracellular substrates and/or cell surface receptors. Several different cell types (cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial and inflammatory cells) within the myocardium elaborate ECM proteins, and their role in cardiovascular (patho)physiology has been increasingly recognized. This has stimulated robust research dissecting the ECM protein function in human health and disease and replicating the genetic proof-of-principle. This review summarizes recent developments regarding the contribution of ECM to cardiovascular disease. The clear importance of this heterogeneous group of proteins in attenuating maladaptive repair responses provides an impetus for further investigation into these proteins as potential pharmacological targets in cardiac diseases and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Trinh
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; (K.T.); (S.M.J.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sohel M. Julovi
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; (K.T.); (S.M.J.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Natasha M. Rogers
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; (K.T.); (S.M.J.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Renal and Transplantation Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Toba H, Ikemoto MJ, Kobara M, Nakata T. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif (ADAMTS1) increments by the renin-angiotensin system induce renal fibrosis in deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertensive rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 914:174681. [PMID: 34871556 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, was recently shown to induce collagen deposition through the production of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif (ADAMTS1) in the aging heart. ADAMTS1 regulates ECM turnover by degrading ECM components, and its excessive activation contributes to various pathological states, including fibrosis. The present study investigated the pathophysiological regulation and role of SPARC and ADAMTS1 in renal fibrosis using uninephrectomized rats treated with deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA, 40 mg/kg/week, subcutaneously) and salt (1% in drinking water). The administration of DOCA and salt gradually and significantly elevated systolic blood pressure during the 3-week treatment period, induced proteinuria, decreased creatinine clearance, and increased NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide production, malondialdehyde concentrations, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and osteopontin expression in the kidneys. Glomerulosclerosis, fibrillar collagen deposition, and transforming growth factor-β expression increased in a time-dependent manner, and SPARC and ADAMTS1 expression showed a similar pattern to these changes. The angiotensin II type-1 receptor blocker losartan suppressed the overexpression of SPARC and ADAMTS1, and an in vitro exposure to angiotensin II induced the production of both SPARC and ADAMTS1 in renal fibroblast NRK-49F cells. Knockdown of the SPARC gene with small interfering RNA reduced all forms (the 110-kDa latent and 87- and 65-kDa bioactive forms) of ADAMTS1 expression as well as collagen production. These results suggest that SPARC is induced by the renin-angiotensin system and may be a fibrogenic factor, at least in part, by producing ADAMTS1 in hypertensive renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroe Toba
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Mitsushi J Ikemoto
- Molecular Composite Physiology Research Group, Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Miyuki Kobara
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Nakata
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
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Fan J, Zhang X, Jiang Y, Chen L, Sheng M, Chen Y. SPARC knockdown attenuated TGF-β1-induced fibrotic effects through Smad2/3 pathways in human pterygium fibroblasts. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 713:109049. [PMID: 34624278 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.109049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), a matricellular glycoprotein, has been found to regulate processes involved in fibrotic diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-fibrotic effects of SPARC in primary human pterygium fibroblasts (HPFs) and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS The expression of SPARC in HPFs was knocked down by RNA interference-based approach. Subsequently, we examined the expression of profibrotic markers induced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), including type 1 collagen (COL1), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and fibronectin (FN). The changes in signaling pathways and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were also detected by western blotting. The cellular migration ability, proliferation ability, apoptosis, and contractile phenotype were detected using the wound healing assay, Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, flow cytometry, and collagen gel contraction assay, respectively. The interaction between SPARC and TGF-β RII was detected by Co-IP RESULTS: Silencing of SPARC inhibited the basal and TGF-β1-induced expression of COL1, α-SMA, and FN in HPFs, and suppressed the expression of p-Smad2, p-Smad3, Smad4 and MMP2, MMP9. The downregulation of SPARC also attenuated the cell migration and contractile phenotype of HPFs. SPARC could bind to TGF-βRII under TGF-β1 treatment. However, knockdown of SPARC did not affect the proliferation and apoptosis of HPFs. CONCLUSION SPARC knockdown attenuated the fibrotic effect induced by TGF-β1 at least in part by inactivating the Smad2/3 pathways in HPFs. Therefore, SPARC may be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of pterygium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwu Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200090, China; Center for Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Yaping Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Minjie Sheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200090, China.
| | - Yihui Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200090, China.
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Mammary collagen is under reproductive control with implications for breast cancer. Matrix Biol 2021; 105:104-126. [PMID: 34839002 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mammographically-detected breast density impacts breast cancer risk and progression, and fibrillar collagen is a key component of breast density. However, physiologic factors influencing collagen production in the breast are poorly understood. In female rats, we analyzed gene expression of the most abundantly expressed mammary collagens and collagen-associated proteins across a pregnancy, lactation, and weaning cycle. We identified a triphasic pattern of collagen gene regulation and evidence for reproductive state-dependent composition. An initial phase of collagen deposition occurred during pregnancy, followed by an active phase of collagen suppression during lactation. The third phase of collagen regulation occurred during weaning-induced mammary gland involution, which was characterized by increased collagen deposition. Concomitant changes in collagen protein abundance were confirmed by Masson's trichrome staining, second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging, and mass spectrometry. We observed similar reproductive-state dependent collagen patterns in human breast tissue obtained from premenopausal women. SHG analysis also revealed structural variation in collagen across a reproductive cycle, with higher packing density and more collagen fibers arranged perpendicular to the mammary epithelium in the involuting rat mammary gland compared to nulliparous and lactating glands. Involution was also characterized by high expression of the collagen cross-linking enzyme lysyl oxidase, which was associated with increased levels of cross-linked collagen. Breast cancer relevance is suggested, as we found that breast cancer diagnosed in recently postpartum women displayed gene expression signatures of increased collagen deposition and crosslinking compared to breast cancers diagnosed in age-matched nulliparous women. Using publically available data sets, we found this involution-like, collagen gene signature correlated with poor progression-free survival in breast cancer patients overall and in younger women. In sum, these findings of physiologic collagen regulation in the normal mammary gland may provide insight into normal breast function, the etiology of breast density, and inform breast cancer risk and outcomes.
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Bone marrow microenvironment of MPN cells. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 34756245 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter, we will discuss the current knowledge concerning the alterations of the cellular components in the bone marrow niche in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPNs), highlighting the central role of the megakaryocytes in MPN progression, and the extracellular matrix components characterizing the fibrotic bone marrow.
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Fourdinier O, Glorieux G, Brigant B, Diouf M, Pletinck A, Vanholder R, Choukroun G, Verbeke F, Massy ZA, Metzinger-Le Meuth V, Metzinger L, Group-EUTox OBOTEUTW. Syndecan-1 and Free Indoxyl Sulfate Levels Are Associated with miR-126 in Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910549. [PMID: 34638892 PMCID: PMC8508835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major cause of death worldwide and is associated with a high risk for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. In CKD, endothelial dysfunction occurs and uremic toxins accumulate in the blood. miR-126 is a regulator of endothelial dysfunction and its blood level is decreased in CKD patients. In order to obtain a better understanding of the physiopathology of the disease, we correlated the levels of miR-126 with several markers of endothelial dysfunction, as well as the representative uremic toxins, in a large cohort of CKD patients at all stages of the disease. Using a univariate analysis, we found a correlation between eGFR and most markers of endothelial dysfunction markers evaluated in this study. An association of miR-126 with all the evaluated uremic toxins was also found, while uremic toxins were not associated with the internal control, specifically cel-miR-39. The correlation between the expression of endothelial dysfunction biomarker Syndecan-1, free indoxyl sulfate, and total p-cresyl glucuronide on one side, and miR-126 on the other side was confirmed using multivariate analysis. As CKD is associated with reduced endothelial glycocalyx (eGC), our results justify further evaluation of the role of correlated parameters in the pathophysiology of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophélie Fourdinier
- Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation Department, Amiens University Hospital, 80054 Amiens, France; (O.F.); (G.C.)
| | - Griet Glorieux
- Nephrology Section, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (G.G.); (A.P.); (R.V.); (F.V.)
| | - Benjamin Brigant
- UPJV HEMATIM UR 4666, C.U.R.S, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, CEDEX 1, 80025 Amiens, France; (B.B.); (V.M.-L.M.)
| | - Momar Diouf
- Biostatistics Unit, Clinical Research and Innovation Department, Amiens-Picardie University Hospital, 80054 Amiens, France;
| | - Anneleen Pletinck
- Nephrology Section, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (G.G.); (A.P.); (R.V.); (F.V.)
| | - Raymond Vanholder
- Nephrology Section, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (G.G.); (A.P.); (R.V.); (F.V.)
| | - Gabriel Choukroun
- Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation Department, Amiens University Hospital, 80054 Amiens, France; (O.F.); (G.C.)
| | - Francis Verbeke
- Nephrology Section, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (G.G.); (A.P.); (R.V.); (F.V.)
| | - Ziad A. Massy
- Ambroise Paré Hospital, Division of Nephrology, APHP, Paris Ile de France Ouest (UVSQ) University, et INSERM 1018 Eq. 5, CESP, Boulogne Billancourt et Villejuif, 92100 Paris, France;
| | - Valérie Metzinger-Le Meuth
- UPJV HEMATIM UR 4666, C.U.R.S, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, CEDEX 1, 80025 Amiens, France; (B.B.); (V.M.-L.M.)
- INSERM UMRS 1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science (LVTS), UFR SMBH, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, CEDEX, 93017 Bobigny, France
| | - Laurent Metzinger
- UPJV HEMATIM UR 4666, C.U.R.S, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, CEDEX 1, 80025 Amiens, France; (B.B.); (V.M.-L.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-322-82-5356
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Jang SH, Lee S, Millecamps M, Danco A, Kang H, Grégoire S, Suzuki‐Narita M, Stone LS. Effect of voluntary running activity on mRNA expression of extracellular matrix genes in a mouse model of intervertebral disc degeneration. JOR Spine 2021; 4:e1148. [PMID: 34611584 PMCID: PMC8479527 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Low back pain (LBP), a leading cause of global disability, is often associated with intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Exercise therapy is recommended for chronic LBP management and affects many tissues and organ systems. However, the ability of exercise to repair the extracellular matrix (ECM) in degenerating discs is unclear. The aims of the study were to examine mRNA expression of ECM structural components (collagen I, II, X, aggrecan) and regulators of matrix turnover (matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-3, - 9, - 13, ADAMTS-4, - 5, TIMP1-4, CCN2) between age-matched (a) wild-type and secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC)-null, (b) sedentary and active, and (c) male and female mice. METHODS At 8 months of age, male and female SPARC-null and wild-type control mice received a home cage running wheel or a control, fixed wheel for 6 months. Deletion of the SPARC gene results in progressive IDD beginning at 2 to 4 months of age. Increased activity was confirmed, and qPCR was performed on excised lumbar discs. RESULTS Male SPARC-null mice expressed less aggrecan mRNA than wild-type controls. After 6 months of running, collagen, MMP3, and MMP13 expression was increased in male and MMP3 was increased in female SPARC-null mice. Sex differences were observed in wild-type mice and in response to IDD and long-term running. CONCLUSIONS Voluntary running results in changes in mRNA consistent with increased ECM turnover and disc regeneration. Improved disc ECM might contribute to the beneficial effects of exercise on LBP and may create an intradiscal environment hospitable to regenerative therapies. Sex-specific differences should be considered in the development of disc-targeting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Ho Jang
- Faculty of DentistryMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on PainMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Seunghwan Lee
- Faculty of DentistryMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on PainMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Magali Millecamps
- Faculty of DentistryMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on PainMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Alexander Danco
- Faculty of DentistryMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on PainMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - HyungMo Kang
- Faculty of DentistryMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on PainMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Stéphanie Grégoire
- Faculty of DentistryMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on PainMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Miyako Suzuki‐Narita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineChiba UniversityChibaJapan
| | - Laura S. Stone
- Faculty of DentistryMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on PainMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of MedicineMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
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Ramirez JJ, Bindu DS, Eroglu C. Building and destroying synaptic bridges: How do Hevin/Sparcl1, SPARC, and MDGAs modify trans-synaptic neurexin-neuroligin interactions? Structure 2021; 29:635-637. [PMID: 34214438 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2021.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Astrocyte-secreted Hevin induces synapse formation by bridging the trans-synaptic organizers, neuroligins and neurexins. In this issue of Structure, Fan et al. (2021) elucidate the structural basis of Hevin's interaction with these molecules and reveal the competitive interplay between Hevin, SPARC, and MDGAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Ramirez
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Cagla Eroglu
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Institute for Brain Sciences (DIBS), Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke University Regeneration Next Initiative, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Avolio E, Mangialardi G, Slater SC, Alvino VV, Gu Y, Cathery W, Beltrami AP, Katare R, Heesom K, Caputo M, Madeddu P. Secreted Protein Acidic and Cysteine Rich Matricellular Protein is Enriched in the Bioactive Fraction of the Human Vascular Pericyte Secretome. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:1151-1164. [PMID: 33226850 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims: To ascertain if human pericytes produce SPARC (acronym for Secreted Protein Acidic and Cysteine Rich), a matricellular protein implicated in the regulation of cell proliferation, migration, and cell-matrix interactions; clarify if SPARC expression in cardiac pericytes is modulated by hypoxia; and determine the functional consequences of SPARC silencing. Results: Starting from the recognition that the conditioned media (CM) of human pericytes promote proliferation and migration of cardiac stromal cells, we screened candidate mediators by mass-spectrometry analysis. Of the 14 high-confidence proteins (<1% FDR) identified in the bioactive fractions of the pericyte CM, SPARC emerged as the top-scored matricellular protein. SPARC expression was validated using ELISA and found to be upregulated by hypoxia/starvation in pericytes that express platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα). This subfraction is acknowledged to play a key role in extracellular matrix remodeling. Studies in patients with acute myocardial infarction showed that peripheral blood SPARC correlates with the levels of creatine kinase Mb, a marker of cardiac damage. Immunohistochemistry analyses of infarcted hearts revealed that SPARC is expressed in vascular and interstitial cells. Silencing of SPARC reduced the pericyte ability to secrete collagen1a1, without inhibiting the effects of CM on cardiac and endothelial cells. These data indicate that SPARC is enriched in the bioactive fraction of the pericyte CM, is induced by hypoxia and ischemia, and is essential for pericyte ability to produce collagen. Innovation: This study newly indicates that pericytes are a source of the matricellular protein SPARC. Conclusion: Modulation of SPARC production by pericytes may have potential implications for postinfarct healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Avolio
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe Mangialardi
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sadie C Slater
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Valeria V Alvino
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Yue Gu
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - William Cathery
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio P Beltrami
- Dipartimento Area Medica, Istituto di Anatomia Patologica Universitaria, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Rajesh Katare
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kate Heesom
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Caputo
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Madeddu
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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39
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Yong LW, Lu TM, Tung CH, Chiou RJ, Li KL, Yu JK. Somite Compartments in Amphioxus and Its Implications on the Evolution of the Vertebrate Skeletal Tissues. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:607057. [PMID: 34041233 PMCID: PMC8141804 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.607057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mineralized skeletal tissues of vertebrates are an evolutionary novelty within the chordate lineage. While the progenitor cells that contribute to vertebrate skeletal tissues are known to have two embryonic origins, the mesoderm and neural crest, the evolutionary origin of their developmental process remains unclear. Using cephalochordate amphioxus as our model, we found that cells at the lateral wall of the amphioxus somite express SPARC (a crucial gene for tissue mineralization) and various collagen genes. During development, some of these cells expand medially to surround the axial structures, including the neural tube, notochord and gut, while others expand laterally and ventrally to underlie the epidermis. Eventually these cell populations are found closely associated with the collagenous matrix around the neural tube, notochord, and dorsal aorta, and also with the dense collagen sheets underneath the epidermis. Using known genetic markers for distinct vertebrate somite compartments, we showed that the lateral wall of amphioxus somite likely corresponds to the vertebrate dermomyotome and lateral plate mesoderm. Furthermore, we demonstrated a conserved role for BMP signaling pathway in somite patterning of both amphioxus and vertebrates. These results suggest that compartmentalized somites and their contribution to primitive skeletal tissues are ancient traits that date back to the chordate common ancestor. The finding of SPARC-expressing skeletal scaffold in amphioxus further supports previous hypothesis regarding SPARC gene family expansion in the elaboration of the vertebrate mineralized skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luok Wen Yong
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Ming Lu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che-Huang Tung
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Aquatic Biology, Chia-Yi University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Jen Chiou
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Lung Li
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jr-Kai Yu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Yilan, Taiwan
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40
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Kondkar AA. Updates on Genes and Genetic Mechanisms Implicated in Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma. APPLICATION OF CLINICAL GENETICS 2021; 14:89-112. [PMID: 33727852 PMCID: PMC7955727 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s274884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) is estimated to affect over 30 million people worldwide by 2040 and is highly prevalent in the Asian population. PACG is more severe and carries three times the higher risk of blindness than primary open-angle glaucoma, thus representing a significant public health concern. High heritability and ethnic-specific predisposition to PACG suggest the involvement of genetic factors in disease development. In the recent past, genetic studies have led to the successful identification of several genes and loci associated with PACG across different ethnicities. The precise cellular and molecular roles of these multiple loci in the development and progression of PACG remains to be elucidated. Nonetheless, these studies have significantly increased our understanding of the emerging cellular processes and biological pathways that might provide more significant insights into the disease’s genetic etiology and may be valuable for future clinical applications. This review aims to summarize and update the current knowledge of PACG genetics analysis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altaf A Kondkar
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Glaucoma Research Chair in Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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41
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Kaur S, Roberts DD. Differential intolerance to loss of function and missense mutations in genes that encode human matricellular proteins. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 15:93-105. [PMID: 33415696 PMCID: PMC7904989 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-020-00598-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted gene disruption in mice has provided valuable insights into the functions of matricellular proteins. Apart from missense and loss of function mutations that have been associated with inherited diseases, however, their functions in humans remain unclear. The availability of deep exome sequencing data from over 140,000 individuals in the Genome Aggregation Database provided an opportunity to examine intolerance to loss of function and missense mutations in human matricellular genes. The probability of loss-of-function intolerance (pLI) differed widely within members of the thrombospondin, CYR61/CTGF/NOV (CCN), tenascin, small integrin-binding ligand N-linked glycoproteins (SIBLING), and secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) gene families. Notably, pLI values in humans had limited correlation with viability of the corresponding homozygous null mice. Among the thrombospondins, only THBS1 was highly loss-intolerant (pLI = 1). In contrast, Thbs1 is not essential for viability in mice. Several known thrombospondin-1 receptors were similarly loss-intolerant, although thrombospondin-1 is not the exclusive ligand for some of these receptors. The frequencies of missense mutations in THBS1 and the gene encoding its signaling receptor CD47 indicated conservation of some residues implicated in specific receptor binding. Deficits in missense mutations were also observed for other thrombospondin genes and for SPARC, SPOCK1, SPOCK2, TNR, and DSPP. The intolerance of THBS1 to loss of function in humans and elevated pLI values for THBS2, SPARC, SPOCK1, TNR, and CCN1 support important functions for these matricellular protein genes in humans, some of which may relate to functions in reproduction or responding to environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhbir Kaur
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Building 10 Room 2S235, 10 Center Drive MSC1500, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1500, USA.
| | - David D Roberts
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Building 10 Room 2S235, 10 Center Drive MSC1500, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1500, USA.
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McGovern KE, Nance JP, David CN, Harrison RES, Noor S, Worth D, Landrith TA, Obenaus A, Carson MJ, Morikis D, Wilson EH. SPARC coordinates extracellular matrix remodeling and efficient recruitment to and migration of antigen-specific T cells in the brain following infection. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4549. [PMID: 33633185 PMCID: PMC7907143 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83952-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) injury and infection can result in profound tissue remodeling in the brain, the mechanism and purpose of which is poorly understood. Infection with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii causes chronic infection and inflammation in the brain parenchyma. Control of parasite replication requires the continuous presence of IFNγ-producing T cells to keep T. gondii in its slowly replicating cyst form. During infection, a network of extracellular matrix fibers, revealed using multiphoton microscopy, forms in the brain. The origin and composition of these structures are unknown but the fibers have been observed to act as a substrate for migrating T cells. In this study, we show a critical regulator of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, Secreted Protein, Acidic, Rich in Cysteine (SPARC), is upregulated in the brain during the early phases of infection in the frontal cortex. In the absence of SPARC, a reduced and disordered fibrous network, increased parasite burden, and reduced antigen-specific T cell entry into the brain points to a role for SPARC in T cell recruitment to and migration within the brain. We also report SPARC can directly bind to CCR7 ligands CCL19 and CCL21 but not CXCL10, and enhance migration toward a chemokine gradient. Measurement of T cell behavior points to tissue remodeling being important for access of immune cells to the brain and facilitating cellular locomotion. Together, these data identify SPARC as an important regulatory component of immune cell trafficking and access to the inflamed CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E McGovern
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- BIO5 Institute, Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - J Philip Nance
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Clément N David
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Nanostring Technologies, Inc, 530 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Reed E S Harrison
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521-0129, USA
- UCSD Bioengineering and the Institute for Engineering in Medicine, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Shahani Noor
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- School of Medicine, MSC08, University of New Mexico, Albequerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Danielle Worth
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Tyler A Landrith
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Ambrey Genetics, Aliso Viejo, CA, 92656, USA
| | - Andre Obenaus
- School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Monica J Carson
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Dimitrios Morikis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521-0129, USA
| | - Emma H Wilson
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
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Jones CE, Sharick JT, Colbert SE, Shukla VC, Zent JM, Ostrowski MC, Ghadiali SN, Sizemore ST, Leight JL. Pten regulates collagen fibrillogenesis by fibroblasts through SPARC. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245653. [PMID: 33534863 PMCID: PMC7857610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen deposition contributes to both high mammographic density and breast cancer progression. Low stromal PTEN expression has been observed in as many as half of breast tumors and is associated with increases in collagen deposition, however the mechanism connecting PTEN loss to increased collagen deposition remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that Pten knockout in fibroblasts using an Fsp-Cre;PtenloxP/loxP mouse model increases collagen fiber number and fiber size within the mammary gland. Pten knockout additionally upregulated Sparc transcription in fibroblasts and promoted collagen shuttling out of the cell. Interestingly, SPARC mRNA expression was observed to be significantly elevated in the tumor stroma as compared to the normal breast in several patient cohorts. While SPARC knockdown via shRNA did not affect collagen shuttling, it notably decreased assembly of exogenous collagen. In addition, SPARC knockdown decreased fibronectin assembly and alignment of the extracellular matrix in an in vitro fibroblast-derived matrix model. Overall, these data indicate upregulation of SPARC is a mechanism by which PTEN regulates collagen deposition in the mammary gland stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E. Jones
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Joe T. Sharick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sheila E. Colbert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Vasudha C. Shukla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Joshua M. Zent
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Michael C. Ostrowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Samir N. Ghadiali
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Steven T. Sizemore
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Leight
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Interplay between hevin, SPARC, and MDGAs: Modulators of neurexin-neuroligin transsynaptic bridges. Structure 2021; 29:664-678.e6. [PMID: 33535026 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hevin is secreted by astrocytes and its synaptogenic effects are antagonized by the related protein, SPARC. Hevin stabilizes neurexin-neuroligin transsynaptic bridges in vivo. A third protein, membrane-tethered MDGA, blocks these bridges. Here, we reveal the molecular underpinnings of a regulatory network formed by this trio of proteins. The hevin FS-EC structure differs from SPARC, in that the EC domain appears rearranged around a conserved core. The FS domain is structurally conserved and it houses nanomolar affinity binding sites for neurexin and neuroligin. SPARC also binds neurexin and neuroligin, competing with hevin, so its antagonist action is rooted in its shortened N-terminal region. Strikingly, the hevin FS domain competes with MDGA for an overlapping binding site on neuroligin, while the hevin EC domain binds the extracellular matrix protein collagen (like SPARC), so that this trio of proteins can regulate neurexin-neuroligin transsynaptic bridges and also extracellular matrix interactions, impacting synapse formation and ultimately neural circuits.
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45
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Riley HJ, Kelly RR, Van Laer AO, Neff LS, Dasgupta S, Baicu CF, McDonald LT, LaRue AC, Zile MR, Bradshaw AD. SPARC production by bone marrow-derived cells contributes to myocardial fibrosis in pressure overload. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H604-H612. [PMID: 33306449 PMCID: PMC8082795 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00552.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In human heart failure and in murine hearts with left-ventricular pressure overload (LVPO), increases in fibrosis are associated with increases in myocardial stiffness. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is shown to be necessary for both cardiac fibrosis and increases in myocardial stiffness in response to LVPO; however, cellular sources of cardiac SPARC are incompletely defined. Irradiation and bone marrow transfer were undertaken to test the hypothesis that SPARC expression by bone marrow-derived cells is an important mediator of fibrosis in LVPO. In recipient SPARC-null mice transplanted with donor wild-type (WT) bone marrow and subjected to LVPO, levels of fibrosis similar to that of WT mice were found despite the lack of SPARC expression by resident cells. In recipient WT mice with donor SPARC-null bone marrow, significantly less fibrosis versus that of WT mice was found despite the expression of SPARC by resident cells. Increases in myocardial stiffness followed a similar pattern to that of collagen deposition. Myocardial macrophages were significantly reduced in SPARC-null mice with LVPO versus that of WT mice. Recipient SPARC-null mice transplanted with donor WT bone marrow exhibited an increase in cardiac macrophages versus that of SPARC-null LVPO and donor WT mice with recipient SPARC-null bone marrow. Expression of vascular cellular adhesion molecule (VCAM), a previously identified binding partner of SPARC, was assessed in all groups and with the exception of WT mice, increases in VCAM immunoreactivity with LVPO were observed. However, no differences in VCAM expression between bone marrow transplant groups were noted. In conclusion, SPARC expression by bone marrow-derived cells was critical for fibrotic deposition of collagen and influenced the expansion of myocardial macrophages in response to LVPO.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Myocardial fibrosis and the resultant increases in LV and myocardial stiffness represent pivotal consequences of chronic pressure overload (PO). In this study, a murine model of cardiac fibrosis induced by PO was used to demonstrate a critical function of SPARC in bone marrow-derived cells that drives cardiac fibrosis and increases in cardiac macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Riley
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Ryan R Kelly
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - An O Van Laer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Lily S Neff
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Shaoni Dasgupta
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Catalin F Baicu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Lindsay T McDonald
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Amanda C LaRue
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Michael R Zile
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Amy D Bradshaw
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
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Carvalheiro T, Malvar Fernández B, Ottria A, Giovannone B, Marut W, Reedquist KA, Garcia S, Radstake TR. Extracellular SPARC cooperates with TGF-β signalling to induce pro-fibrotic activation of systemic sclerosis patient dermal fibroblasts. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 59:2258-2263. [PMID: 31840182 PMCID: PMC7449812 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES SSc is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation, vascular injury and excessive fibrosis in multiple organs. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is a matricellular glycoprotein that regulates processes involved in SSc pathology, such as inflammation and fibrosis. In vivo and in vitro studies have implicated SPARC in SSc, but it is unclear if the pro-fibrotic effects of SPARC on fibroblasts are a result of intracellular signalling or fibroblast interactions with extracellular SPARC hampering further development of SPARC as a potential therapeutic target. This study aimed to analyse the potential role of exogenous SPARC as a regulator of fibrosis in SSc. METHODS Dermal fibroblasts from both healthy controls and SSc patients were stimulated with SPARC alone or in combination with TGF-β1, in the absence or presence of a TGF receptor 1 inhibitor. mRNA and protein expression of extracellular matrix components and other fibrosis-related mediators were measured by quantitative PCR and western blot. RESULTS Exogenous SPARC induced mRNA and protein expression of collagen I, collagen IV, fibronectin 1, TGF-β and SPARC by dermal fibroblasts from SSc patients, but not from healthy controls. Importantly, exogenous SPARC induced the activation of the tyrosine kinase SMAD2 and pro-fibrotic gene expression induced by SPARC in SSc fibroblasts was abrogated by inhibition of TGF-β signalling. CONCLUSION These results indicate that exogenous SPARC is an important pro-fibrotic mediator contributing to the pathology driving SSc but in a TGF-β dependent manner. Therefore, SPARC could be a promising therapeutic target for reducing fibrosis in SSc patients, even in late states of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Carvalheiro
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology.,Laboratory of Translational Immunology
| | | | - Andrea Ottria
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology.,Laboratory of Translational Immunology
| | - Barbara Giovannone
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wioleta Marut
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology.,Laboratory of Translational Immunology
| | - Kris A Reedquist
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology.,Laboratory of Translational Immunology
| | - Samuel Garcia
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology.,Laboratory of Translational Immunology
| | - Timothy R Radstake
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology.,Laboratory of Translational Immunology
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Chun YY, Yap ZL, Seet LF, Chan HH, Toh LZ, Chu SWL, Lee YS, Wong TT, Tan TTY. Positive-charge tuned gelatin hydrogel-siSPARC injectable for siRNA anti-scarring therapy in post glaucoma filtration surgery. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1470. [PMID: 33446775 PMCID: PMC7809290 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80542-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) therapy is a promising epigenetic silencing strategy. However, its widespread adoption has been severely impeded by its ineffective delivery into the cellular environment. Here, a biocompatible injectable gelatin-based hydrogel with positive-charge tuned surface charge is presented as an effective platform for siRNA protection and delivery. We demonstrate a two-step synthesis of a gelatin-tyramine (Gtn-Tyr) hydrogel with simultaneous charge tunability and crosslinking ability. We discuss how different physiochemical properties of the hydrogel interact with siSPARC (siRNA for secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine), and study the positive-charge tuned gelatin hydrogel as an effective delivery platform for siSPARC in anti-fibrotic treatment. Through in vitro studies using mouse tenon fibroblasts, the positive-charge tuned Gtn-Tyr hydrogel shows sustained siSPARC cellular internalization and effective SPARC silencing with excellent biocompatibility. Similarly, the same hydrogel platform delivering siSPARC in an in vivo assessment employing a rabbit model shows an effective reduction in subconjunctival scarring in post glaucoma filtration surgery, and is non-cytotoxic compared to a commonly used anti-scarring agent, mitomycin-C. Overall, the current siRNA delivery strategy involving the positive-charge tuned gelatin hydrogel shows effective delivery of gene silencing siSPARC for anti-fibrotic treatment. The current charge tunable hydrogel delivery system is simple to fabricate and highly scalable. We believe this delivery platform has strong translational potential for effective siRNA delivery and epigenetic silencing therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yao Chun
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Dr, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
- Ocular Imaging, Singapore Eye Research Institute, 20 College Road Discovery Tower Level 6, The Academia, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Zhu Li Yap
- Ocular Therapeutics and Drug Delivery, Singapore Eye Research Institute, 20 College Road Discovery Tower Level 6, The Academia, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
- Glaucoma Service, Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Ave, Singapore, 168751, Singapore
| | - Li Fong Seet
- Ocular Therapeutics and Drug Delivery, Singapore Eye Research Institute, 20 College Road Discovery Tower Level 6, The Academia, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Dr, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Rd, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Hiok Hong Chan
- Glaucoma Service, Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Ave, Singapore, 168751, Singapore
| | - Li Zhen Toh
- Ocular Therapeutics and Drug Delivery, Singapore Eye Research Institute, 20 College Road Discovery Tower Level 6, The Academia, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Stephanie W L Chu
- Ocular Therapeutics and Drug Delivery, Singapore Eye Research Institute, 20 College Road Discovery Tower Level 6, The Academia, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Ying Shi Lee
- Ocular Therapeutics and Drug Delivery, Singapore Eye Research Institute, 20 College Road Discovery Tower Level 6, The Academia, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
- Glaucoma Service, Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Ave, Singapore, 168751, Singapore
| | - Tina T Wong
- Ocular Therapeutics and Drug Delivery, Singapore Eye Research Institute, 20 College Road Discovery Tower Level 6, The Academia, Singapore, 169856, Singapore.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Dr, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Rd, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
- Glaucoma Service, Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Ave, Singapore, 168751, Singapore.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Faculty Ave, Singapore, 639977, Singapore.
| | - Timothy T Y Tan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Dr, Singapore, 637459, Singapore.
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Stromal Protein-Mediated Immune Regulation in Digestive Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13010146. [PMID: 33466303 PMCID: PMC7795083 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Solid cancers are surrounded by a network of non-cancerous cells comprising different cell types, including fibroblasts, and acellular protein structures. This entire network is called the tumor microenvironment (TME) and it provides a physical barrier to the tumor shielding it from infiltrating immune cells, such as lymphocytes, or therapeutic agents. In addition, the TME has been shown to dampen efficient immune responses of infiltrated immune cells, which are key in eliminating cancer cells from the organism. In this review, we will discuss how TME proteins in particular are involved in this dampening effect, known as immunosuppression. We will focus on three different types of digestive cancers: pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, and gastric cancer. Moreover, we will discuss current therapeutic approaches using TME proteins as targets to reverse their immunosuppressive effects. Abstract The stromal tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of immune cells, vascular and neural structures, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), as well as extracellular matrix (ECM), and favors immune escape mechanisms promoting the initiation and progression of digestive cancers. Numerous ECM proteins released by stromal and tumor cells are crucial in providing physical rigidity to the TME, though they are also key regulators of the immune response against cancer cells by interacting directly with immune cells or engaging with immune regulatory molecules. Here, we discuss current knowledge of stromal proteins in digestive cancers including pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, and gastric cancer, focusing on their functions in inhibiting tumor immunity and enabling drug resistance. Moreover, we will discuss the implication of stromal proteins as therapeutic targets to unleash efficient immunotherapy-based treatments.
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Intracellular and Extracellular Markers of Lethality in Osteogenesis Imperfecta: A Quantitative Proteomic Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22010429. [PMID: 33406681 PMCID: PMC7795927 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heritable disorder that mainly affects the skeleton. The inheritance is mostly autosomal dominant and associated to mutations in one of the two genes, COL1A1 and COL1A2, encoding for the type I collagen α chains. According to more than 1500 described mutation sites and to outcome spanning from very mild cases to perinatal-lethality, OI is characterized by a wide genotype/phenotype heterogeneity. In order to identify common affected molecular-pathways and disease biomarkers in OI probands with different mutations and lethal or surviving phenotypes, primary fibroblasts from dominant OI patients, carrying COL1A1 or COL1A2 defects, were investigated by applying a Tandem Mass Tag labeling-Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (TMT LC-MS/MS) proteomics approach and bioinformatic tools for comparative protein-abundance profiling. While no difference in α1 or α2 abundance was detected among lethal (type II) and not-lethal (type III) OI patients, 17 proteins, with key effects on matrix structure and organization, cell signaling, and cell and tissue development and differentiation, were significantly different between type II and type III OI patients. Among them, some non-collagenous extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins (e.g., decorin and fibrillin-1) and proteins modulating cytoskeleton (e.g., nestin and palladin) directly correlate to the severity of the disease. Their defective presence may define proband-failure in balancing aberrances related to mutant collagen.
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Roig-Rosello E, Rousselle P. The Human Epidermal Basement Membrane: A Shaped and Cell Instructive Platform That Aging Slowly Alters. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10121607. [PMID: 33260936 PMCID: PMC7760980 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most important functions of skin is to act as a protective barrier. To fulfill this role, the structural integrity of the skin depends on the dermal-epidermal junction—a complex network of extracellular matrix macromolecules that connect the outer epidermal layer to the underlying dermis. This junction provides both a structural support to keratinocytes and a specific niche that mediates signals influencing their behavior. It displays a distinctive microarchitecture characterized by an undulating pattern, strengthening dermal-epidermal connectivity and crosstalk. The optimal stiffness arising from the overall molecular organization, together with characteristic anchoring complexes, keeps the dermis and epidermis layers extremely well connected and capable of proper epidermal renewal and regeneration. Due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors, a large number of structural and biological changes accompany skin aging. These changes progressively weaken the dermal–epidermal junction substructure and affect its functions, contributing to the gradual decline in overall skin physiology. Most changes involve reduced turnover or altered enzymatic or non-enzymatic post-translational modifications, compromising the mechanical properties of matrix components and cells. This review combines recent and older data on organization of the dermal-epidermal junction, its mechanical properties and role in mechanotransduction, its involvement in regeneration, and its fate during the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Roig-Rosello
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305, CNRS-Université Lyon 1, SFR BioSciences Gerland-Lyon Sud, 7 Passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon, France;
- Roger Gallet SAS, 4 rue Euler, 75008 Paris, France
| | - Patricia Rousselle
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305, CNRS-Université Lyon 1, SFR BioSciences Gerland-Lyon Sud, 7 Passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon, France;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-472-72-26-39
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