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Bala S, Garg D, Thirumalesh BV, Sharma M, Sridhar K, Inbaraj BS, Tripathi M. Recent Strategies for Bioremediation of Emerging Pollutants: A Review for a Green and Sustainable Environment. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10080484. [PMID: 36006163 PMCID: PMC9413587 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10080484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution brought on by xenobiotics and other related recalcitrant compounds have recently been identified as a major risk to both human health and the natural environment. Due to their toxicity and non-biodegradability, a wide range of pollutants, such as heavy metals, polychlorinated biphenyls, plastics, and various agrochemicals are present in the environment. Bioremediation is an effective cleaning technique for removing toxic waste from polluted environments that is gaining popularity. Various microorganisms, including aerobes and anaerobes, are used in bioremediation to treat contaminated sites. Microorganisms play a major role in bioremediation, given that it is a process in which hazardous wastes and pollutants are eliminated, degraded, detoxified, and immobilized. Pollutants are degraded and converted to less toxic forms, which is a primary goal of bioremediation. Ex situ or in situ bioremediation can be used, depending on a variety of factors, such as cost, pollutant types, and concentration. As a result, a suitable bioremediation method has been chosen. This review focuses on the most recent developments in bioremediation techniques, how microorganisms break down different pollutants, and what the future holds for bioremediation in order to reduce the amount of pollution in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroj Bala
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agriculture University, Ludhiana 141001, India
| | - Diksha Garg
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agriculture University, Ludhiana 141001, India
| | - Banjagere Veerabhadrappa Thirumalesh
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
| | - Minaxi Sharma
- Laboratoire de Chimie Verte et Produits Biobasés, Département Agro Bioscience et Chimie, Haute Ecole Provinciale de Hainaut-Condorcet, 11 Rue de la Sucrerie, 7800 Ath, Belgium
| | - Kandi Sridhar
- UMR1253, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l’œuf, INRAE, L’Institut Agro Rennes-Angers, 65 Rue de Saint Brieuc, F-35042 Rennes, France
| | - Baskaran Stephen Inbaraj
- Department of Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (B.S.I.); (M.T.)
| | - Manikant Tripathi
- Biotechnology Program, Dr. Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya 224001, India
- Correspondence: (B.S.I.); (M.T.)
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Shi X, He C, Wang Y, Lu J, Guo H, Zhang B. Concurrent anaerobic chromate bio-reduction and pentachlorophenol bio-degradation in a synthetic aquifer. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 216:118326. [PMID: 35364351 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chromate [Cr(VI)] and pentachlorophenol (PCP) coexist widely in the environment and are highly toxic to public health. However, whether Cr(VI) bio-reduction is accompanied by PCP bio-degradation and how microbial communities can keep long-term stability to mediate these bioprocesses in aquifer remain elusive. Herein, we conducted a 365-day continuous column experiment, during which the concurrent removals of Cr(VI) and PCP were realized under anaerobic condition. This process allowed for complete Cr(VI) bio-reduction and PCP bio-degradation at an efficiency of 92.8 ± 4.2% using ethanol as a co-metabolic substrate. More specifically, Cr(VI) was reduced to insoluble chromium (III) and PCP was efficiently dechlorinated with chloride ion release. Collectively, Acinetobacter and Spirochaeta regulated Cr(VI) bio-reduction heterotrophically, while Pseudomonas mediated not only Cr(VI) bio-reduction but also PCP bio-dechlorination. The bio-dechlorinated products were further mineralized by Azospira and Longilinea. Genes encoding proteins for Cr(VI) bio-reduction (chrA and yieF) and PCP bio-degradation (pceA) were upregulated. Cytochrome c and intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide were involved in Cr(VI) and PCP detoxification by promoting electron transfer. Taken together, our findings provide a promising bioremediation strategy for concurrent removal of Cr(VI) and PCP in aquifers through bio-stimulation with supplementation of appropriate substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Shi
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chao He
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Ya'nan Wang
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jianping Lu
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Huaming Guo
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Baogang Zhang
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
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Zhao J, Wu Q, Tang Y, Zhou J, Guo H. Tannery wastewater treatment: conventional and promising processes, an updated 20-year review. JOURNAL OF LEATHER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s42825-022-00082-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMismanagement of various wastes especially waste water produced by tanning processes has caused serious environmental problems and ultimately impaired human health. Constant efforts have been making to alleviate the pollution of tannery wastewater (TWW), yet terminal treatment still takes dominance. In this review, research on TWW treatment from 2000 to 2021 was summarized, and main methods such as coagulation and flocculation, adsorption, biological treatment, membrane filtration, advanced oxidation process were briefly discussed. More detailed introduction was given to the method of electrochemical treatment since it has excellent performance such as environmental friendliness and high efficiency, hence attracting more and more research attention in recent years. In view of the harsh physi-chemical conditions of TWW, integrated or combined treatment methods are accordingly recommended with better performance and multi-function, however comprehensive studies on optimization of methods combination and cost-effectiveness are needed. The certain issues that the residue Cr in treatment sludge and high salinity in effluent still remain were put forward in this work and potential solutions were provided. Moreover, this review proposed the perspective that realizing multi-function, recycling, and intensification should be the developing direction for future TWW treatment. This review is expected to provide a general guide for researchers who aspire to ameliorate TWW pollution problems and understand various methods utilized in this field.
Graphical abstract
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Zhao C, Xue L, Shi H, Chen W, Zhong Y, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Huang K. Simultaneous degradation of p-nitrophenol and reduction of Cr(VI) in one step using microwave atmospheric pressure plasma. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 212:118124. [PMID: 35121417 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Different physicochemical properties between Cr(VI) and phenolic compounds pose serious challenges for the effective treatment of co-contamination. This study developed an electrodeless high-flow microwave atmospheric plasma jet for the single-step simultaneous degradation of p-nitrophenol (PNP) and reduction of Cr(VI). Following a 15 min treatment with microwave atmospheric pressure plasma, the removal efficiency of Cr(VI) and PNP reached 97.5% and 93.6%, respectively, whereas that of total organic carbon reached 30.2%. Adding PNP to the solution significantly improved Cr(VI) reduction, whereas PNP degradation increased slightly with Cr(VI). The results indicate that the PNP intermediates significantly affected Cr(VI) reduction. Additionally, long-lived H2O2 and short-lived ·H aided the reduction of Cr(VI) during plasma treatment. The addition of hydroxyl scavengers during treatment implied that ·OH was largely responsible for PNP oxidation. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (HPLC-MS) revealed that PNP intermediates, including p-nitrocatechol and 5-nitrobenzene-1,2,3-triol, function as Cr(VI) reductants. On the basis of the examined intermediate products, the potential PNP degradation pathway was investigated. The factors that could influence simultaneous dehgradation and reduction, including solution pH, gas velocity, and distance between the plasma outlet and the water surface were researched. Low pH supports Cr(VI) reduction, and the promotion of PNP for Cr(VI) reduction applies to all pH values. The degradation of PNP is insensitive to pH values with or without Cr(VI). The optimal gas velocity for PNP degradation and Cr(VI) reduction was revealed to be 6 L/min. The simultaneous removal of PNP and Cr(VI) benefits from a shorter distance between the plasma outlet and the water's surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoxia Zhao
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Li Xue
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Hongxiao Shi
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Wenqi Chen
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yu Zhong
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Yanping Zhou
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Kama Huang
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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Zhang X, Zhang X, Li L, Fu G, Liu X, Xing S, Feng H, Chen B. The toxicity of hexavalent chromium to soil microbial processes concerning soil properties and aging time. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:111941. [PMID: 34474034 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) pollution has attracted much attention due to its biological toxicity. However, little is known regarding Cr toxicity to soil microorganisms. The present study assesses the toxicity of Cr(VI) on two microbial processes, potential nitrification rate (PNR) and substrate-induced respiration (SIR), in a wide range of agricultural soils and detected the abundance of soil bacteria, fungi, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea. The toxicity thresholds of 10% and 50% effective concentrations (EC10 and EC50) for PNR varied by 32.18- and 38.66-fold among different soils, while for SIR they varied by 391.21- and 16.31-fold, respectively. Regression model analysis indicated that for PNR, CEC as a single factor explained 27% of the variation in EC10, with soil clay being the key factor explaining 47.3% of the variation in EC50. For SIR, organic matter and pH were found to be the most vital predictors for EC10 and EC50, explaining 34% and 61.1% of variation, respectively. In addition, extended aging time was found to significantly attenuate the toxicity of Cr on PNR. SIR was mainly driven by total bacteria rather than fungi, while PNR was driven by both AOA and AOB. These results were helpful in deriving soil Cr toxicity threshold based on microbial processes, and provided a theoretical foundation for ecological risk assessments and establishing a soil environmental quality criteria for Cr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Linfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Gengxue Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shuping Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haiyan Feng
- School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Baodong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Jan SU, Rehman M, Gul A, Fayyaz M, Rehman SU, Jamil M. Combined application of two Bacillus species enhance phytoremediation potential of Brassica napus in an industrial metal-contaminated soil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2021; 24:652-665. [PMID: 34410841 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2021.1962797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the impact of individual as well as combined application of Lysinibacillus macroides and Bacillus safensis in phytoremediation potential of Brassica napus grown in soil contaminated by industrial effluents. In response to five metals; copper, chromium, nickel, lead, and cadmium, results revealed that germination percentage, fresh and dry weights, and photosynthetic pigments of B. napus decreased under contaminated soil. On the other hand, electrolyte leakage due to cellular injury, metabolites (proline and glycine betaine), antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase), accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and metals in plant's roots, shoots and leaves increased. Inoculation significantly reduced these effects as proved by the enhancement of germination percentage, fresh and dry biomass, and photosynthetic pigments. Simultaneously, the antioxidant enzymes, metabolites contents (proline and glycine betaine) and metal concentrations in plant's roots, shoots and leaves decreased. Combined application of both Bacilli strains was found more effective as compared to individual inoculation. It was concluded that metal resistant Bacillus species in combination had growth effects on B. napus and enhanced its phytoremediation efficiency in contaminated soil.Novelty statementBrassica napus; a hyper-accumulator of metals, loses phytoremediation potential with the passage of growth. Two Bacillus species (Lysinibacillus macroides and Bacillus safensis) having known bioremediation abilities were employed individually as well as in combination under metals contaminated soil to increase phytoremediation efficiency of B. napus. The metals containing soil used is a unique aspect in this study because selected soil, contaminated by industrial effluents, has not been evaluated or reported earlier. Combined application of Bacilli improved phytoremediation potential of B. napus more as compared to application of individual Bacillus strain which is yet another unique aspect of this investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Ullah Jan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Maha Rehman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Alvina Gul
- Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Fayyaz
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Shafiq Ur Rehman
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jamil
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
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Anusha P, Natarajan D. Bioremediation potency of multi metal tolerant native bacteria Bacillus cereus isolated from bauxite mines, kolli hills, Tamilnadu- A lab to land approach. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Simón Solá MZ, Lovaisa N, Dávila Costa JS, Benimeli CS, Polti MA, Alvarez A. Multi-resistant plant growth-promoting actinobacteria and plant root exudates influence Cr(VI) and lindane dissipation. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 222:679-687. [PMID: 30735968 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were (1) to isolate new multi-resistant actinobacteria from soil, rhizosphere and plant samples collected from an ancient illegal pesticide storage and (2) to elucidate the effects of these microorganisms developed with maize root exudates on lindane and Cr(VI) removal. Fifty-seven phenotypically different actinobacteria were isolated and four of them, belonging to the genus Streptomyces exhibit tolerance to a mixture of lindane and Cr(VI). Two rhizospheric strains named as Streptomyces sp. Z38 and Streptomyces sp. Z2 were selected to be grown with root exudates because they showed the highest Cr(VI) and lindane removal in co-contaminated medium. When root exudates were the only carbon source, metal dissipation increased significantly either as single or mixed contaminant, compared to metal dissipation with glucose. No significant differences were found on lindane removal with root exudates or glucose, so a higher lindane concentration was evaluated. Despite of this, lindane removal remained stable while metal dissipation was notoriously lower when lindane concentration was enhanced. In addition to a good performance growing with mixed contaminants, Streptomyces strains showed plant growth promoting traits that could improve plant establishment. The results presented in this study show the importance of the screening programs addressed to find new actinobacteria able to grow in co-contaminated systems. It was also evidenced that root exudates of maize improve the growth of Streptomyces strains when they were used as carbon source, being the dissipation of Cr(VI) considerably improved in presence of lower lindane concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Zoleica Simón Solá
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Nadia Lovaisa
- Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Tucuman, Avenida Kirchner 1900, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Jose Sebastian Dávila Costa
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Claudia Susana Benimeli
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Catamarca, Avenida Belgrano 300, 4700, Catamarca, Argentina
| | - Marta Alejandra Polti
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Analia Alvarez
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina.
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Isolation and Molecular Identification of Bacterial Strains to Study Biofilm Formation and Heavy Metals Resistance in Saudi Arabia. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.13.1.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Bharagava RN, Saxena G, Mulla SI, Patel DK. Characterization and Identification of Recalcitrant Organic Pollutants (ROPs) in Tannery Wastewater and Its Phytotoxicity Evaluation for Environmental Safety. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 75:259-272. [PMID: 29243159 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-017-0490-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Tannery wastewater (TWW) is of serious environmental concern to pollution control authorities, because it contains highly toxic, recalcitrant organic and inorganic pollutants. The nature and characteristics of recalcitrant organic pollutants (ROPs) are not fully explored to date. Hence, the purpose of this study was to characterize and identify the ROPs present in the treated TWW. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry data analysis showed the presence of a variety of ROPs in the treated TWW. Results unfolded that benzyl chloride, butyl octyl phthalate, 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid 3TMS, dibutyl phthalate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl butyl phthalate, 4-chloro-3-methyl phenol, phthalic acid, 2'6'-dihydroxyacetophenone, diisobutyl phthalate, 4-biphenyltrimethylsiloxane, di-(-2ethy hexyl)phthalate, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, dibenzyl phthalate, and nonylphenol were present in the treated TWW. Due to endocrine disrupting nature and aquatic toxicity, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency classified many of these as "priority pollutants" and restricted their use in leather industries. In addition, the physicochemical analysis of the treated TWW also showed very high BOD, COD, and TDS values along with high Cr and Pb content beyond the permissible limits for industrial discharge. Furthermore, phytotoxicity assessment unfolds the inhibitory effects of TWW on the seed germination, seedling growth parameters, and α-amylase activity in Phaseolus aureus L. This indicates that the TWW discharged even after secondary treatment into the environment has very high pollution parameters and may cause a variety of serious health threats in living beings upon exposure. Overall, the results reported in this study will be helpful for the proper treatment and management of TWW to combat the environmental threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Naresh Bharagava
- Laboratory for Bioremediation and Metagenomics Research (LBMR), Department of Environmental Microbiology (DEM), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 025, India.
| | - Gaurav Saxena
- Laboratory for Bioremediation and Metagenomics Research (LBMR), Department of Environmental Microbiology (DEM), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 025, India
| | - Sikandar I Mulla
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment (IUE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Devendra Kumar Patel
- Analytical Chemistry Division and Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 001, India
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Ontañon OM, Fernandez M, Agostini E, González PS. Identification of the main mechanisms involved in the tolerance and bioremediation of Cr(VI) by Bacillus sp. SFC 500-1E. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:16111-16120. [PMID: 29594905 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1764-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chromium pollution is a problem that affects different areas worldwide and, therefore, must be solved. Bioremediation is a promising alternative to treat environmental contamination, but finding bacterial strains able to tolerate and remove different contaminants is a major challenge, since most co-polluted sites contain mixtures of organic and inorganic substances. In the present work, Bacillus sp. SFC 500-1E, isolated from the bacterial consortium SFC 500-1 native to tannery sediments, showed tolerance to various concentrations of different phenolic compounds and heavy metals, such as Cr(VI). This strain was able to efficiently remove Cr(VI), even in the presence of phenol. The detection of the chrA gene suggested that Cr(VI) extrusion could be a mechanism that allowed this strain to tolerate the heavy metal. However, reduction through cytosolic NADH-dependent chromate reductases may be the main mechanism involved in the remediation. The information provided in this study about the mechanisms through which Bacillus sp. SFC 500-1E removes Cr(VI) should be taken into account for the future application of this strain as a possible candidate to remediate contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornella M Ontañon
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Ruta 36 Km 601, CP 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marilina Fernandez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Ruta 36 Km 601, CP 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Elizabeth Agostini
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Ruta 36 Km 601, CP 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Paola S González
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Ruta 36 Km 601, CP 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Ontañon OM, González PS, Barros GG, Agostini E. Improvement of simultaneous Cr(VI) and phenol removal by an immobilised bacterial consortium and characterisation of biodegradation products. N Biotechnol 2017; 37:172-179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Biosorption characteristic of Alcaligenes sp. BAPb.1 for removal of lead(II) from aqueous solution. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:123. [PMID: 28567636 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0721-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, strain BAPb.1 was isolated from lead mining area and used as an adsorbent to remove lead(II) ions from aqueous solution. The physicochemical characteristics, heavy metal resistance and antibiotic sensitivity of strain BAPb.1 were investigated. Biosorption capacity was evaluated by batch biosorption experiments, and isothermal characteristics were discussed. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) were conducted to explore the mechanism for lead(II) adsorption. Based on morphological and physiological characteristics as well as the phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA sequences, strain BAPb.1 was identified as a member of the genus Alcaligenes. It exhibited high resistances to multiple heavy metals such as lead(II), copper(II), zinc(II), nickel(II) and chromium(VI), and to antibiotics such as kanamycin, ampicillin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline. The optimum conditions for maximum biosorption rate of 85.2% and maximum capacity of 56.8 mg g-1 were found at pH of 5, adsorbent dosage of 1.5 g L-1 (dry weight), initial lead(II) concentration of 100 mg L-1, and contact time of 30 min at 30 °C. Biosorption isotherms were well fitted with Langmuir isotherm model. Mechanism analysis reveals that the lead(II) ions may exchange with sodium and potassium ions, and the hydroxyl, carbonyl and phosphate groups on the cell surface can chelate the lead(II) ions, therefore, surface adsorption play significant role in the biosorption process.
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Saxena G, Chandra R, Bharagava RN. Environmental Pollution, Toxicity Profile and Treatment Approaches for Tannery Wastewater and Its Chemical Pollutants. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 240:31-69. [PMID: 26795766 DOI: 10.1007/398_2015_5009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Leather industries are key contributors in the economy of many developing countries, but unfortunately they are facing serious challenges from the public and governments due to the associated environmental pollution. There is a public outcry against the industry due to the discharge of potentially toxic wastewater having alkaline pH, dark brown colour, unpleasant odour, high biological and chemical oxygen demand, total dissolved solids and a mixture of organic and inorganic pollutants. Various environment protection agencies have prioritized several chemicals as hazardous and restricted their use in leather processing however; many of these chemicals are used and discharged in wastewater. Therefore, it is imperative to adequately treat/detoxify the tannery wastewater for environmental safety. This paper provides a detail review on the environmental pollution and toxicity profile of tannery wastewater and chemicals. Furthermore, the status and advances in the existing treatment approaches used for the treatment and/or detoxification of tannery wastewater at both laboratory and pilot/industrial scale have been reviewed. In addition, the emerging treatment approaches alone or in combination with biological treatment approaches have also been considered. Moreover, the limitations of existing and emerging treatment approaches have been summarized and potential areas for further investigations have been discussed. In addition, the clean technologies for waste minimization, control and management are also discussed. Finally, the international legislation scenario on discharge limits for tannery wastewater and chemicals has also been discussed country wise with discharge standards for pollution prevention due to tannery wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Saxena
- Laboratory for Bioremediation and Metagenomic Research (LBMR), Department of Environmental Microbiology (DEM), School for Environmental Sciences (SES), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226 025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ram Chandra
- Environmental Microbiology Section, Environmental Toxicology Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (IITR), 80, M.G. Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ram Naresh Bharagava
- Laboratory for Bioremediation and Metagenomic Research (LBMR), Department of Environmental Microbiology (DEM), School for Environmental Sciences (SES), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226 025, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Liu W, Sun W, Borthwick AGL, Wang T, Li F, Guan Y. Simultaneous removal of Cr(VI) and 4-chlorophenol through photocatalysis by a novel anatase/titanate nanosheet composite: Synergetic promotion effect and autosynchronous doping. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 317:385-393. [PMID: 27318735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Clean-up of wastewaters with coexisting heavy metals and organic contaminants is a huge issue worldwide. In this study, a novel anatase/titanate nanosheet composite material (labeled as TNS) synthesized through a one-step hydrothermal reaction was demonstrated to achieve the goal of simultaneous removal of Cr(VI) and 4-cholophenol (4-CP) from water. TEM and XRD analyses indicated the TNS was a nano-composite of anatase and titanate, with anatase acting as the primary photocatalysis center and titanate as the main adsorption site. Enhanced photocatalytic removal of co-existent Cr(VI) and 4-CP was observed in binary systems, with apparent rate constants (k1) for photocatalytic reactions of Cr(VI) and 4-CP about 3.1 and 2.6 times of that for single systems. In addition, over 99% of Cr(VI) and 4-CP was removed within 120min through photocatalysis by TNS at pH 7 in the binary system. Mechanisms for enhanced photocatalytic efficiency in the binary system are identified as: (1) a synergetic effect on the photo-reduction of Cr(VI) and photo-oxidation of 4-CP due to efficient separation of electron-hole pairs, and (2) autosynchronous doping because of reduced Cr(III) adsorption onto TNS. Furthermore, TNS could be efficiently reused after a simple acid-base treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Weiling Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Alistair G L Borthwick
- School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, UK
| | - Ting Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fan Li
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Yidong Guan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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Abbas S, Ahmed I, Kudo T, Iqbal M, Lee YJ, Fujiwara T, Ohkuma M. A heavy metal tolerant novel bacterium, Bacillus malikii sp. nov., isolated from tannery effluent wastewater. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2015; 108:1319-1330. [PMID: 26362330 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-015-0584-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The taxonomic position of a Gram-stain positive and heavy metal tolerant bacterium, designated strain NCCP-662(T), was investigated by polyphasic characterisation. Cells of strain NCCP-662(T) were observed to be rod to filamentous shaped, motile and strictly aerobic, and to grow at 10-50 °C (optimum 30-37 °C) and at pH range of 6-10 (optimum pH 7-8). The strain was found to be able to tolerate 0-12 % NaCl (w/v) and heavy metals (Cr 1200 ppm, Pb 1800 ppm and Cu 1200 ppm) in tryptic soya agar medium. The phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain NCCP-662(T) showed that it belongs to the genus Bacillus and showed high sequence similarity (98.2 and 98.0 %, respectively) with the type strains of Bacillus niabensis 4T19(T) and Bacillus halosaccharovorans E33(T). The chemotaxonomic data showed that the major quinone is MK-7; the predominant cellular fatty acids are anteiso-C15 :0, iso-C14:0, iso-C16:0 and C16:0 and iso-C15:0; the major polar lipids are diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol along with several unidentified glycolipids, phospholipids and polar lipids. The DNA G+C content was determined to be 36.9 mol%. These data also support the affiliation of strain NCCP-662(T) with the genus Bacillus. The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain NCCP-662(T) and B. niabensis JCM 16399(T) was 20.5 ± 0.5 %. On the basis of physiological and biochemical characteristics, phylogenetic analyses and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain NCCP-662(T) can be clearly differentiated from the validly named Bacillus species and thus represents a new species, for which the name Bacillus malikii sp. nov. is proposed with the type strain NCCP-662(T) (= LMG 28369(T) = DSM 29005(T) = JCM 30192(T)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira Abbas
- National Culture Collection of Pakistan (NCCP), National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Park Road, Islamabad, 45500, Pakistan.,Department of Plant Genomics and Biotechnology (PGB), PARC Institute of Advanced Studies in Agriculture (PIASA), National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Park Road, Islamabad, 45500, Pakistan.,Japan Collection of Microorganisms, RIKEN BioResource Center, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan.,Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Iftikhar Ahmed
- National Culture Collection of Pakistan (NCCP), National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Park Road, Islamabad, 45500, Pakistan. .,Department of Plant Genomics and Biotechnology (PGB), PARC Institute of Advanced Studies in Agriculture (PIASA), National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Park Road, Islamabad, 45500, Pakistan. .,Japan Collection of Microorganisms, RIKEN BioResource Center, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan. .,Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Takuji Kudo
- Japan Collection of Microorganisms, RIKEN BioResource Center, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Plant Genomics and Biotechnology (PGB), PARC Institute of Advanced Studies in Agriculture (PIASA), National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Park Road, Islamabad, 45500, Pakistan
| | - Yong-Jae Lee
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Biological Resources Centre, KRIBB, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Toru Fujiwara
- Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Moriya Ohkuma
- Japan Collection of Microorganisms, RIKEN BioResource Center, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
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Ontañon OM, González PS, Agostini E. Optimization of simultaneous removal of Cr (VI) and phenol by a native bacterial consortium: its use for bioaugmentation of co-polluted effluents. J Appl Microbiol 2015. [PMID: 26218448 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study was designed to isolate, identify and characterize micro-organisms or mixed cultures capable of simultaneously removing Cr (VI) and phenol in the surrounding area of a tannery localized in Elena, Córdoba, Argentina. In addition, nutritional and physical factors were optimized in order to improve the removal efficiency in a real effluent. METHODS AND RESULTS The consortium SFC 500-1, composed of two bacterial strains belonging to Acinetobacter and Bacillus genus, was isolated from the heavily polluted wastewater discharge channel of a local tannery. SFC 500-1 was able to remove phenol at environmentally relevant concentrations (1000 mg l(-1) ) and reduce Cr (VI) to Cr (III), which was immobilized in the bacterial biomass. The consortium simultaneously removed these contaminants under a wide range of physicochemical conditions and different growth media, even in a tannery effluent. CONCLUSION The ability of SFC 500-1 to simultaneously reduce Cr (VI) and degrade phenol in different synthetic growth media and even in the effluent from which it was isolated with high efficiency makes this consortium a potential candidate for the biotreatment of effluents. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This finding is important, taking into account that industrial effluents present complex mixtures of toxic substances as well as native flora which often affect the bioremediation process. Considering the ecological advantages of using native bacteria for bioremediation, as well as the high efficiency of the consortium SFC 500-1 to simultaneously remove Cr (VI) and phenol, this could be a suitable biological system to improve the biotreatment of polluted effluents through a bioaugmentation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Ontañon
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - P S González
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - E Agostini
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Argentina
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Ontañon OM, González PS, Agostini E. Biochemical and molecular mechanisms involved in simultaneous phenol and Cr(VI) removal by Acinetobacter guillouiae SFC 500-1A. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:13014-13023. [PMID: 25916475 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4571-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bioremediation has emerged as an environmental friendly strategy to deal with environmental pollution. Since the majority of polluted sites contain complex mixtures of inorganic and organic pollutants, it is important to find bacterial strains that can cope with multiple contaminants. In this work, a bacterial strain isolated from tannery sediments was identified as Acinetobacter guillouiae SFC 500-1A. This strain was able to simultaneously remove high phenol and Cr(VI) concentrations, and the mechanisms involved in such process were evaluated. The phenol biodegradation was catalized by a phenol-induced catechol 1,2-dioxygenase through an ortho-cleavage pathway. Also, NADH-dependent chromate reductase activity was measured in the cytosolic fraction. The ability of this strain to reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III) was corroborated by detection of Cr(III) in cellular biomass after the removal process. While phenol did not affect significantly the chromate reductase activity, Cr(VI) was a major disruptor of catechol dioxygenase activity. Nevertheless, this activity was high even in presence of high Cr(VI) concentrations. Our results suggest the potential application of A. guillouiae SFC 500-1A for wastewaters treatment, and the obtained data provide the insights into the removal mechanisms, dynamics, and possible limitations of the bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornella M Ontañon
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601. CP 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina,
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Abbas S, Ahmed I, Iida T, Lee YJ, Busse HJ, Fujiwara T, Ohkuma M. A heavy-metal tolerant novel bacterium, Alcaligenes pakistanensis sp. nov., isolated from industrial effluent in Pakistan. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2015; 108:859-70. [PMID: 26238381 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-015-0540-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Maqbool Z, Asghar HN, Shahzad T, Hussain S, Riaz M, Ali S, Arif MS, Maqsood M. Isolating, screening and applying chromium reducing bacteria to promote growth and yield of okra (Hibiscus esculentus L.) in chromium contaminated soils. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 114:343-9. [PMID: 25066609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)], extensively used in different industries, is one of the most toxic heavy metals. The Cr (VI) reducing bacteria could be helpful in decreasing its toxic effects. The present study was conducted to evaluate the potential of Cr (VI) reducing bacteria to improve growth and yield of okra (Hibiscus esculentus L.) in Cr-contaminated soils. Most of the selected bacterial isolates significantly increased the growth and yield of okra. Maximum response was observed in the plants inoculated with the isolate K12 where plant height, root length, fruit weight and number of fruits per plant increased up to 77.5 percent, 72.6 percent, 1.4 fold and 2.9 fold, respectively. Moreover, inoculation with bacteria caused significant decrease in Cr (VI) concentration in soil and plant parts across all treatments. The maximum decrease of 69.6, 56.1 and 40.0 percent in Cr (VI) concentrations in soil, plant vegetative parts and plant reproductive parts, respectively, was observed in the treatment inoculated with the strain K12. Based on amplification, sequencing and analysis of 16S rDNA sequence, the strain K12 was found belonging to genus Brucella and was designated as Brucella sp. K12. These findings suggest that the strain K12 may serve as a potential bioresource to improve crop production in Cr-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Maqbool
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan; Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Naeem Asghar
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tanvir Shahzad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sabir Hussain
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleem Arif
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Marium Maqsood
- Department of Agronomy, Pir Mehar Ali Shah University of Arid Agriculture Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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González PS, Ambrosio LF, Paisio CE, Talano MA, Medina MI, Agostini E. Chromium (VI) remediation by a native strain: effect of environmental conditions and removal mechanisms involved. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:13551-13559. [PMID: 25023657 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3311-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A native bacterial strain with high capability for Cr (VI) removal was isolated from tannery sediments located in Elena (Córdoba Province, Argentina). The strain was characterized by amplification of 16S rRNA gene and identified as Serratia sp. C8. It was able to efficiently remove different Cr (VI) concentrations in a wide range of pHs and temperatures. The addition of different carbon sources as well as initial inoculum concentration were analyzed, demonstrating that Serratia sp. C8 could reduce 80 % of 20 mg/L Cr (VI) in a medium containing glucose 1 g/L, at pH 6-7 and 28 °C as optimal conditions, using 5 % inoculum concentration. The mechanisms involved in Cr (VI) removal were also evaluated. The strain was capable of biosorpting around 7.5-8.5 % of 20 mg/L Cr on its cell surface and to reduce Cr (VI). In addition, approximately a 54 and 46 % of total Cr was detected in the biomass and in the culture medium, respectively, and in the culture medium, Cr (III) was the predominant species. In conclusion, Serratia sp. C8 removed Cr (VI) and the mechanisms involved in decreasing order of contribution were as follows: reduction catalyzed by intracellular enzymes, accumulation into the cells, and biosorption to the microbial biomass. This strain could be a suitable microorganism for Cr (VI) bioremediation of tannery sediments and effluents or even for other environments contaminated with Cr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola S González
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, CP 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina,
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Molecular identification and characterization of Pseudomonas sp. NCCP-407 for phenol degradation isolated from industrial waste. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13765-013-4045-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Tripathi M, Garg SK. Dechlorination of chloroorganics, decolorization, and simultaneous bioremediation of Cr6+ from real tannery effluent employing indigenous Bacillus cereus isolate. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:5227-41. [PMID: 24390198 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2479-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A native Bacillus cereus isolate has been employed, for the first time, for simultaneous decolorization, dechlorination of chloroorganics, and Cr(6+) remediation from the real tannery effluent. Most of the physicochemical variables in 3:1 diluted effluent were well above the standard prescribed limits, which decreased substantially upon microbial treatment. The extent of bioremediation was better in diluted (3:1) as compared to undiluted effluent supplemented with nutrients and augmented with B. cereus isolate. Maximum growth, effluent decolorization (42.5 %), dechlorination (74.1 %), and Cr(6+) remediation (34.2 %) were attained with 4.0 % (v/v) inoculum, 0.8 % glucose, and 0.2 % ammonium chloride in 3:1 diluted effluent at natural pH (8.1) within 72 h of incubation. The efficiency of bioremediation in a bioreactor was higher as compared to a flask trial during 72 h of incubation: decolorization (47.9 %) was enhanced by 5.4 %, dechlorination (77.4 %) by 3.3 %, and Cr(6+) removal (41.7 %) by 7.5 % at an initial color of 286 Pt-Co units and initial concentration of 62 mg chloride ions and 108 mg l(-1) Cr(6+). Immobilized biomass of Pseudomonas putida and B. cereus coculture enhanced the extent of Cr(6+) remediation (51.9 %) by 10.2 % compared to the bioreactor trial. Chromate reductase activity and reduced Cr directly correlated and were mainly associated with soluble fraction of B. cereus plus effluent natural microflora. The GC-MS analyses revealed the formation of metabolites such as acetic acid and 2-butenoic acid in bacterially treated effluent. The supplementation of nutrients along with B. cereus augmentation is required for efficient effluent bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikant Tripathi
- Centre of Excellence, DST-FIST Supported Department of Microbiology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Faizabad, 224001, India
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Garg SK, Tripathi M. Process parameters for decolorization and biodegradation of orange II (Acid Orange 7) in dye-simulated minimal salt medium and subsequent textile effluent treatment by Bacillus cereus (MTCC 9777) RMLAU1. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2013; 185:8909-8923. [PMID: 23636502 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-013-3223-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Bacillus cereus isolate from tannery effluent was employed for orange II dye decolorization in simulated minimal salt broth and textile effluent. Most of the physicochemical parameters of textile effluent were above the permissible limits. The strain was highly tolerant to dye up to 500 mg l(-1). Increasing dye concentration exerted inhibitory effect on the bacterial growth and decolorization. The maximum decolorization of initial 100 mg dye l(-1) was achieved at optimum pH 8.0 and 33 °C under static culture conditions during 96-h incubation. Supplementation with optimized glucose (0.4%, w/v) and ammonium sulfate (0.1%, w/v) with 3.0% B. cereus inoculum further enhanced dye decolorization to highest 68.5% within 96-h incubation. A direct correlation was evident between bacterial growth and dye decolorization. Under above optimized conditions, 24.3% decolorization of unsterilized real textile effluent by native microflora was achieved. The effluent decolorization enhanced substantially to 37.1% with B. cereus augmentation and to 40.5% when supplemented with glucose and ammonium sulfate without augmentation. The maximum decolorization of 52.5% occurred when textile effluent was supplemented with optimized exogenous carbon and nitrogen sources along with B. cereus augmentation. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry identified sulfanilic acid as orange II degradation product. Fourier transform infra red spectroscopy of metabolic products indicated the presence of amino and hydroxyl functional groups. This strain may be suitably employed for in situ decolorization of textile industrial effluent under broad environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyendra Kumar Garg
- Centre of Excellence, DST-FIST Supported Department of Microbiology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Faizabad, 224001, India,
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Tripathi BM, Kumari P, Weber KP, Saxena AK, Arora DK, Kaushik R. Influence of long term irrigation with pulp and paper mill effluent on the bacterial community structure and catabolic function in soil. Indian J Microbiol 2013; 54:65-73. [PMID: 24426169 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-013-0398-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities play a vital role in maintaining soil health. A multiphasic approach to assess the effect of pulp and paper mill effluent on both the structure and function of microbial soil communities is taken. Bacterial communities from agricultural soils irrigated with pulp and paper mill effluent were compared to communities form soils irrigated with well water. Samples were taken from fields in the state of Uttarakhand, India, where pulp and paper mill effluent has been used for irrigation for over 25 years. Comparisons of bacterial community structure were conducted using sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene from both isolates and clone libraries attained from the soil. Community-level physiological profiling was used to characterize the functional diversity and catabolic profile of the bacterial communities. The multiphasic approach using both physiological and molecular techniques proved to be a powerful tool in evaluating the soil bacterial community population and population differences therein. A significant and consistent difference in the population structure and function was found for the bacterial communities from soil irrigated with effluent in comparison to fields irrigated with well water. The diversity index parameters indicated that the microbial community in pulp and paper mill effluent irrigated fields were more diverse in both structure and function. This suggests that the pulp and paper mill effluent is not having a negative effect on the soil microbial community, but in fact may have a positive influence. In terms of soil health, this finding supports the continued use of pulp and paper mill effluent for irrigation. This is however only one aspect of soil health which was evaluated. Further studies on soil resistance and robustness could be undertaken to holistically evaluate soil health in this situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binu Mani Tripathi
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Priyanka Kumari
- National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, India
| | - Kela P Weber
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON Canada
| | - Anil Kumar Saxena
- Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Dilip Kumar Arora
- National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, India
| | - Rajeev Kaushik
- Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Garg SK, Tripathi M, Singh SK, Singh A. Pentachlorophenol dechlorination and simultaneous Cr6+ reduction by Pseudomonas putida SKG-1 MTCC (10510): characterization of PCP dechlorination products, bacterial structure, and functional groups. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:2288-304. [PMID: 22864755 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1101-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
It is the first report in which a novel psychrotrophic Pseudomonas putida SKG-1 strain was evaluated for simultaneous bioremediation of pentachlorophenol and Cr(6+) under various cultural and nutritional conditions. Pentachlorophenol (PCP) dechlorination products, bacterial structure, and functional groups were characterized by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS), scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) techniques. The strain was extremely tolerant to excessively higher individual concentration of PCP (1,400 mg l(-1)) and Cr(6+) (4,300 mg l(-1)). Increasing concentration of PCP and Cr(6+) exerted inhibitory effect on bacterial growth and toxicants' removal. The strain exhibited growth, and concomitantly remediated both the pollutants simultaneously over a broad pH (7.0-9.0) and temperature (28-32 °C) range; maximum growth, PCP dechlorination (87.5%), and Cr(6+) removal (80.0%) occurred at optimum pH 8.0 and 30 °C (from initial PCP 100 mg l(-1) and Cr(6+) 500 mg l(-1)) under shaking (150 rpm) within 72 h incubation. Optimization of agitation (125 rpm) and aeration (0.4 vvm) in bioreactor further enhanced PCP dechlorination by ~10% and Cr(6+) removal by 2%. A direct correlation existed between growth and bioremediation of both the toxicants. Among other heavy metals, mercury exerted maximum and cobalt minimum inhibitory effect on PCP dechlorination and Cr(6+) removal. Chromate reductase activity was mainly associated with the supernatant and cytosolic fraction of bacterial cells. GC-MS analysis revealed the formation of tetrachloro-p-hydroquinone, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, and 2,6-dichlorophenol as PCP dechlorination products. FTIR spectrometry indicated likely involvement of carbonyl and amide groups in Cr(3+) adsorption, and SEM-EDS showed the presence of chromium on P. putida surface. Thus, our promising isolate can be ecofriendly employed for biotreatment of various industrial wastes contaminated with high PCP and Cr(6+) concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyendra Kumar Garg
- Centre of Excellence, DST-FIST Supported Department of Microbiology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Faizabad 224001, India.
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Garg SK, Tripathi M, Kumar S, Singh SK, Singh SK. Microbial dechlorination of chloroorganics and simultaneous decolorization of pulp-paper mill effluent by Pseudomonas putida MTCC 10510 augmentation. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2012; 184:5533-5544. [PMID: 21915596 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-011-2359-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The physicochemical analyses of pulp-paper mill effluent revealed that it was dark brown with 1761 ± 2.3 color PtCo units having slightly alkaline pH, high biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand values, and contained large quantities of organic and inorganic constituents, well above the prescribed standards. The bacterial growth, color reduction, and dechlorination were evident in all the four sets of experiments with different possible combinations of nutrient supplementation and Pseudomonas putida augmentation. A high degree of decolorization at 29.7% and 27.4% was observed by the effluent native microflora during 48 and 24 h, in unaugmented effluent supplemented with glucose + yeast extract and glucose + peptone, respectively. The extent of decolorization in glucose + yeast extract unaugmented effluent also corresponded with high degree of dechlorination (59.3%) during 60-h incubation (SET III). An appreciable level of growth, decolorization, and dechlorination was evident in nutrient unsupplemented P. putida augmented effluent as well as in the control natural effluent. However, a maximum level of growth response (OD 1.641-1.902) during 36-48 h, removal of color (39.72-48.2%) during 24-36 h, and chloride ions (80.1-83.5%) during 36 h was achieved in P. putida augmented effluent supplemented with glucose + yeast extract or peptone. Therefore, supplementation of effluent with glucose and yeast extract or peptone and concomitant augmentation with P. putida is required for efficient effluent decolorization and detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyendra Kumar Garg
- Centre of Excellence, Department of Microbiology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh 224001, India.
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Garg SK, Tripathi M, Srinath T. Strategies for chromium bioremediation of tannery effluent. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2012; 217:75-140. [PMID: 22350558 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-2329-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Bioremediation offers the possibility of using living organisms (bacteria, fungi, algae,or plants), but primarily microorganisms, to degrade or remove environmental contaminants, and transform them into nontoxic or less-toxic forms. The major advantages of bioremediation over conventional physicochemical and biological treatment methods include low cost, good efficiency, minimization of chemicals, reduced quantity of secondary sludge, regeneration of cell biomass, and the possibility of recover-ing pollutant metals. Leather industries, which extensively employ chromium compounds in the tanning process, discharge spent-chromium-laden effluent into nearby water bodies. Worldwide, chromium is known to be one of the most common inorganic contaminants of groundwater at pollutant hazardous sites. Hexavalent chromium poses a health risk to all forms of life. Bioremediation of chromium extant in tannery waste involves different strategies that include biosorption, bioaccumulation,bioreduction, and immobilization of biomaterial(s). Biosorption is a nondirected physiochemical interaction that occurs between metal species and the cellular components of biological species. It is metabolism-dependent when living biomass is employed, and metabolism-independent in dead cell biomass. Dead cell biomass is much more effective than living cell biomass at biosorping heavy metals, including chromium. Bioaccumulation is a metabolically active process in living organisms that works through adsorption, intracellular accumulation, and bioprecipitation mechanisms. In bioreduction processes, microorganisms alter the oxidation/reduction state of toxic metals through direct or indirect biological and chemical process(es).Bioreduction of Cr6+ to Cr3+ not only decreases the chromium toxicity to living organisms, but also helps precipitate chromium at a neutral pH for further physical removal,thus offering promise as a bioremediation strategy. However, biosorption, bioaccumulation, and bioreduction methods that rely on free cells for bioremediation suffer from Cr6 toxicity, and cell damage. Therefore, immobilization of microbial cell biomass enhances bioremediation and renders industrial bioremediation processes more economically viable from reduced free-cells toxicity, easier separation of biosorbents from the tannery effluent, ability to achieve multiple biosorption cycles, and desorption (elution) of metal(s) from matrices for reuse. Thus, microbial bioremediation can be a cost competitive strategy and beneficial bioresource for removing many hazardous contaminants from tannery and other industrial wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyendra Kumar Garg
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Faizabad, India.
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Singh SK, Tripathi VR, Jain RK, Vikram S, Garg SK. An antibiotic, heavy metal resistant and halotolerant Bacillus cereus SIU1 and its thermoalkaline protease. Microb Cell Fact 2010; 9:59. [PMID: 20646325 PMCID: PMC2914678 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-9-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many workers have reported halotolerant bacteria from saline conditions capable of protease production. However, antibiotic resistance and heavy metal tolerance pattern of such organisms is not documented very well. Similarly, only a few researchers have reported the pattern of pH change of fermentation medium during the course of protease production. In this study, we have isolated a halotolerant Bacillus cereus SIU1 strain from a non-saline environment and studied its antibiotic and heavy metal resistance pattern. The isolate produces a thermoalkaline protease and changes the medium pH during the course of fermentation. Thermostability of protease was also studied for 30 min. Results Seventy bacterial strains isolated from the soils of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India were screened for protease production. All of them exhibited protease activity. However, 40% bacterial isolates were found good protease producers as observed by caseinolytic zones on milk agar plates. Among them, culture S-4 was adjudged as the best protease producer, and was identified as Bacillus cereus by morphological, biochemical and 16 S rDNA sequence analyses. The isolate was resistant to heavy metals (As2+, Pb2+, Cs1+) and antibiotics (penicillin, lincomycin, cloxacillin, pefloxacin). Its growth behavior and protease production was studied at 45°C and pH 9.0. The protease units of 88 ml-1 were noted in unoptimized modified glucose yeast extract (GYE) medium during early stationary phase at 20 h incubation period. The enzyme was stable in the temperature range of 35°-55°C. Conclusions An antibiotic and heavy metal resistant, halotolerant Bacillus cereus isolate is capable of producing thermoalkaline protease, which is active and stable at pH 9.0 and 35°-55°C. This isolate may be useful in several industrial applications owing to its halotolerance and antibiotic and heavy metal resistance characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay K Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Faizabad, UP, India
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