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Purcino LS, Bedrikow R. Findings on dietary characteristics among Haitian immigrants and the threat of food insecurity: A scoping review. PUBLIC HEALTH IN PRACTICE 2024; 8:100520. [PMID: 39050009 PMCID: PMC11267026 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to map and describe the available evidence on dietary characteristics and diet-related health conditions among Haitian immigrants across the globe. Study design Scoping review. Methods This review was based on the international guide Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The searches were conducted in several electronic databases in July 2023. Reports focusing on diet, nutrition, and diet-related health conditions among international Haitian immigrants published in English, Portuguese, French, or Spanish with no year limit were included. The data extracted was tabulated and presented in a narrative summary. Results Database search retrieved 502 records, of which 30 met the inclusion criteria. The categories that emerged from the analysis were: food consumption patterns and trends, food and nutrition insecurity, cultural identity, and diet-related health conditions. Findings suggest: available evidence underrepresents Latin America and the Caribbean context; research gaps related to adolescents and the elderly and also to noncommunicable diseases except obesity; changes in food consumption after immigration towards less healthy eating; the Haitian immigrant's preference for healthy and traditional eating patterns; many experiences of food insecurity related to poverty, unemployment, and lack of social support, especially in host countries in Latin America and the Caribbean; and a high prevalence of obesity, especially among women. Conclusions Further research is required in countries in Latin America, mainly. Diet-related chronic diseases, adolescents, and the elderly should be targeted for further research. We recommend: longitudinal and qualitative research; field action reports describing local and global strategies to manage Haitian migration-related food and nutrition issues; culturally appropriate dietary interventions; and policies to protect and support the most vulnerable Haitian immigrants to have their fundamental right to adequate food guaranteed, reducing health inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Sales Purcino
- Department of Collective Health, School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), 80 Vital Brasil Street, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rubens Bedrikow
- Department of Collective Health, School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), 80 Vital Brasil Street, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Vyas MV, Redditt V, Mohamed S, Abraha M, Sheth J, Shah BR, Ko DT, Ke C. Determinants, Prevention, and Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease Among Immigrant and Refugee Populations. Can J Cardiol 2024; 40:1077-1087. [PMID: 38387721 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2024.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Immigration policies shape the composition, socioeconomic characteristics, and health of migrant populations. The health of migrants is also influenced by a confluence of social, economic, environmental, and political factors. Immigrants and refugees often face various barriers to accessing health care because of factors such as lack of familiarity with navigating the health care system, language barriers, systemic racism, and gaps in health insurance. Social determinants of health and access to primary care health services likely influence the burden of cardiovascular risk factors among immigrants. The relatively low burden of many cardiovascular risk factors in many immigrant populations likely contributes to the generally lower incidence rates of acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, and stroke in immigrants compared with nonimmigrants, although cardiovascular disease incidence rates vary substantially by country of origin. The "healthy immigrant effect" is the hypothesis that immigrants to high-income countries, such as Canada, are healthier than nonimmigrants in the host population. However, this effect may not apply universally across all immigrants, including recent refugees, immigrants without formal education, and unmarried immigrants. As unfolding sociopolitical events generate new waves of global migration, policymakers and health care providers need to focus on addressing social and structural determinants of health to better manage cardiovascular risk factors and prevent cardiovascular disease, especially among the most marginalized immigrants and refugees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manav V Vyas
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Neurology, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital-Unity Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vanessa Redditt
- Crossroads Clinic, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sebat Mohamed
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mosana Abraha
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Javal Sheth
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Baiju R Shah
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dennis T Ko
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Schulich Heart Centre, Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Calvin Ke
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Chai L. Food insecurity and its association with multiple health outcomes among Indigenous peoples in Canada: the buffering role of culture-based resources. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2024; 29:371-394. [PMID: 38297918 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2024.2311419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite growing interest in the health disparities associated with food insecurity, research focusing on Indigenous peoples has been limited, especially in studies using nationally representative samples. This study investigates the association between food insecurity and various health outcomes - self-rated general and mental health, chronic health conditions, suicidal ideation, and obesity - among Indigenous peoples in Canada. It also explores the potential moderating effects of culture-based resources, which include cultural identity affect, cultural group belonging, cultural engagement, and cultural exploration. DESIGN The study utilized data from the 2017 Aboriginal Peoples Survey, a nationally representative sample of First Nations individuals living off-reserve, Métis, and Inuit across Canada (N = 15,533). Logistic regression models were used to analyze the data. RESULTS Food insecurity was negatively associated with all examined health outcomes. Culture-based resources demonstrated a mixture of anticipated and unexpected effects on these relationships. Consistent with the stress process model, cultural group belonging mitigated the negative impact of food insecurity on all health outcomes. A similar pattern was observed for cultural engagement. However, contrary to expectations from the stress-buffering perspective, little evidence was found to support the moderating effects of cultural identity affect and cultural exploration. CONCLUSION The results underscore the detrimental effects of food insecurity on the health of Indigenous peoples in Canada and suggest that culture-based resources, particularly cultural group belonging, play a crucial role in mitigating health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chai
- Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Banerjee AT, Islam S, Khan A, Hussain N, Ascencio E, Hafleen N. Beyond the Body: Using Photovoice to Explore Social Determinants of Diabetes With South Asian Adolescents in the Peel Region of Ontario, Canada. Can J Diabetes 2024; 48:97-104.e3. [PMID: 37952645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The higher prevalence of diabetes in the South Asian (SA) population living in Canada spans across generations and is often associated with individual risk factors while undermining the social determinants of health (SDOH). There is a scarcity of studies on the perspectives of SA adolescents with a family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Learning directly from these adolescents can fill a major gap by providing insight on how the SDOH contribute to disproportionate rates of T2DM in SA immigrant communities. METHODS In this study, we used Photovoice, which is a community-based participatory research (CBPR) method that involves the use of photography to visually capture the challenges of diabetes prevention from the perspective of those with lived experiences. A group of 15 SA youth were recruited from an adolescent diabetes education program in the Peel Region of Ontario. The youth discussed their images and accompanied written narratives during focus groups. RESULTS Four themes emerged from the thematic analysis of the photographs and participant narratives that influence the manifestation of T2DM in SA communities: 1) immigration and resettlement stressors; 2) food insecurity; 3) unhealthy school environments; and 4) academic pressures. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest the need to address T2DM as a response to unjust conditions and environments rather than as an epidemic entrenched in genetic predisposition, culture, and poor lifestyle choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Tina Banerjee
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Shudipta Islam
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amina Khan
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nousin Hussain
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Evelyn Ascencio
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nuzha Hafleen
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Sharareh N, Seligman HK, Adesoba TP, Wallace AS, Hess R, Wilson FA. Food Insecurity Disparities Among Immigrants in the U.S. AJPM FOCUS 2023; 2:100113. [PMID: 37790670 PMCID: PMC10546596 DOI: 10.1016/j.focus.2023.100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Food insecurity negatively impacts public health and costs the U.S. healthcare system $53 billion annually. Immigrants are at higher risk of food insecurity. We sought to (1) characterize the prevalence of food insecurity among immigrants (i.e., noncitizens and naturalized citizens) and U.S.-born citizens and (2) determine whether Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program utilization and income-poverty ratio levels impact the relationship between immigration status and food insecurity. Methods Multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine the odds of food insecurity (dependent variables) using nationally representative data from the 2019-2020 National Health Interview Survey. Independent variables included immigration status, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program utilization, income-poverty ratio, and other important demographics. AORs with their 95% CIs are reported. Analysis was conducted in 2022. Results After controlling for independent variables, noncitizens had 1.28 (95% CI=1.02, 1.61) times higher odds of food insecurity than U.S.-born citizens. There was no food insecurity disparity between naturalized citizens and U.S.-born citizens. However, the association between immigration status and food insecurity varied significantly at different levels of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program utilization and income-poverty ratio. There were no food insecurity disparities between immigrants and U.S.-born citizens when they utilized the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program and when they had an income below 200% federal poverty level. Noncitizens who did not utilize the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program or those with an income above 200% federal poverty level were more likely to report food insecurity than their U.S.-born counterparts (AOR=1.32, 95% CI=1.01, 1.73 and AOR=1.88, 95% CI=1.24, 2.86, respectively). Moreover, naturalized citizens with an income above 200% federal poverty level were also more likely to report food insecurity than their U.S.-born counterparts (AOR=1.61, 95% CI=1.21, 2.14). Conclusions Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program utilization may likely eliminate food insecurity disparities among immigrants and U.S.-born citizens. However, among non-Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program utilizers, significant food insecurity disparities remained between noncitizens and U.S.-born citizens after adjusting for independent variables. In addition, among individuals with incomes above 200% federal poverty level, significant food insecurity disparities were observed between immigrants and U.S.-born citizens. More research is needed to further understand the role that fear of deportation, ineligibility or lack of awareness about eligibility for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, and other factors such as structural racism play in food insecurity disparities between immigrants and U.S.-born citizens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Sharareh
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Spence Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Hilary K. Seligman
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Taiwo P. Adesoba
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Andrea S. Wallace
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Spence Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Rachel Hess
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Spence Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Fernando A. Wilson
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Spence Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Matheson Center for Health Care Studies, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Economics, College of Social & Behavioral Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Ro S, Pham NH, Huynh VN, Wafford QE, Vu M. Food insecurity among Asian Americans: A scoping review protocol. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287895. [PMID: 37399223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Food insecurity is prevalent in the U.S. and is associated with deleterious health, behavioral, and social consequences. Food insecurity is currently addressed largely through public and private food assistance programs (e.g., the Supplementary Nutrition Assistance Program, and food pantries). A body of research has explored racial and ethnic disparities and differences in food insecurity and coping strategies. However, limited literature has explored these experiences among Asian Americans and Asian origin groups in the United States. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to establish what is known about the experience of food insecurity and nutrition program participation in the Asian American population and among Asian origin groups and to suggest further research and policy action to better address food insecurity in this population. METHODS Our review is guided by the methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley and refined and outlined by Levac and colleagues and the Joanna Briggs Institute. We will search key terms related to food insecurity and Asian Americans in Medline (Ovid), the Cochrane Library (Wiley), CINAHL Plus with Full Text (Ebsco), PsycINFO (Ebsco), and Scopus (Elsevier). An article will be included if it was published in the English language; is a peer reviewed research manuscript and reports primary research findings from analyses; and describes food insecurity or strategies to cope with food insecurity among individuals of Asian origins living in the U.S. An article will be excluded if it is a book, conference proceedings, or grey literature (e.g., thesis or dissertation); is a commentary, editorial, or opinion piece without primary research data; contains only research conducted outside of the U.S.; includes Asians in the sample but does not provide separate data on food insecurity or strategies to cope with food insecurity among Asians; and describes only dietary changes or patterns but not food insecurity. Two or more reviewers will participate in the study screening and selection process. We will record information from the final articles chosen to be included in the review in a data table template and will also prepare a summary narrative with key findings. EXPECTED OUTPUTS Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. The findings from this review will be of interest to researchers and practitioners and inform further research and policy to better address food insecurity among this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suji Ro
- Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Nhat-Ha Pham
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Victoria N Huynh
- Emory College of Arts & Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Q Eileen Wafford
- Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Milkie Vu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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Goliaei Z, Gonzalez M, Diaz Rios K, Pokhrel M, Burke NJ. Post-Resettlement Food Insecurity: Afghan Refugees and Challenges of the New Environment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20105846. [PMID: 37239572 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20105846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lack of access to adequate, safe, and nutritious food is a major concern for the Afghan population due to ongoing war and humanitarian crises. Recently resettled Afghan refugees in the US continue to face challenges securing adequate, nutritious food resources in new environments. This study examined Afghan refugees' food access and insecurity in the San Joaquin Valley, California. METHODS Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted to collect the perspectives and experiences of key informants and newly arrived Afghan refugees. RESULTS This study highlights environmental and structural factors (availability and accessibility of grocery stores; availability of religious-appropriate items in the stores; the public benefit received by a family; and public transportation) and individual factors (religious and cultural practices; financial and language barriers) as major determinants of post-resettlement food insecurity. CONCLUSION Increasing the accessibility and affordability of culturally and religiously appropriate food items within the US food system, enhancing the collaboration of community volunteers and resettlement organizations in the direct assistance of new families, and providing continuous access to public benefits are possible steps to mitigate the risk of food insecurity among Afghan refugees. This study suggests a continuous examination of the degree of food insecurity in this population and its attendant health impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Goliaei
- Public Health Program, College of Education and Health Science, Touro University of California, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA
| | - Mariaelena Gonzalez
- Department of Public Health, School of Social Science, Humanities, & Arts, The University of California Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Karina Diaz Rios
- Department of Public Health, School of Social Science, Humanities, & Arts, The University of California Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Mamata Pokhrel
- Department of Public Health, School of Social Science, Humanities, & Arts, The University of California Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Nancy J Burke
- Department of Public Health, School of Social Science, Humanities, & Arts, The University of California Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
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Rockler BE, Grutzmacher SK, Garcia J, Braverman MT, Smit E. Something to eat: experiences of food insecurity on the farm. AGRICULTURE AND HUMAN VALUES 2023:1-18. [PMID: 37359842 PMCID: PMC10153044 DOI: 10.1007/s10460-023-10448-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The health of farm owners and farmworkers has significant impacts on farm businesses, farming families, and local rural communities where agriculture is an important driver of social and economic activity. Rural residents and farmworkers have higher rates of food insecurity, but little is known about food insecurity among farm owners and the collective experiences of farm owners and farmworkers. Researchers and public health practitioners have stressed the need for policies that target the health and well-being of farm owners and farmworkers while remaining sensitive to the nature of life on the farm, yet farm owner and farmworker lived experiences have been understudied, especially in relation to one another. In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 13 farm owners and 18 farmworkers in Oregon. Modified grounded theory was used to analyze interview data. Data were coded using a three-stage process to identify salient core characteristics of food insecurity. Farm owner and farmworker meanings and interpretations of their food insecurity were often contradicted by evaluated food security scores using validated quantitative measures. According to such measures, 17 experienced high food security, 3 had marginal food security, and 11 had low food security, but narrative experiences suggested higher rates. Narrative experiences were categorized by core characteristics of food insecurity, including seasonal food shortages, resource stretching, working extended hours most days of the week, limited use of food assistance, and the tendency to downplay hardship. These unique factors have important implications for developing responsive policies and programs to support the health and well-being of farm livelihoods whose work enables health and well-being among consumers. Future studies to test the relationships between the core characteristics of food insecurity identified in this study and farm owner and farmworker meanings and interpretations of food insecurity, hunger, and nourishment are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana E. Rockler
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Studies, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire, Hibbard Humanities Hall 384, 124 Garfield Ave, Eau Claire, WI 54702 USA
| | - Stephanie K. Grutzmacher
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, 101 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - Jonathan Garcia
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, 101 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - Marc T. Braverman
- School of Social and Behavioral Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, 401 Waldo Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - Ellen Smit
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, 101 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
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Varela EG, McVay MA, Shelnutt KP, Mobley AR. The Determinants of Food Insecurity Among Hispanic/Latinx Households With Young Children: A Narrative Review. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:190-210. [PMID: 36811589 PMCID: PMC10103006 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Food insecurity has disproportionately impacted Hispanic/Latinx households in the United States, specifically those with young children. Although the literature provides evidence of an association between food insecurity and adverse health outcomes in young children, minimal research has addressed the social determinants and related risk factors associated with food insecurity among Hispanic/Latinx households with children under three, a highly vulnerable population. Using the Socio-Ecological Model (SEM) as a framework, this narrative review identified factors associated with food insecurity among Hispanic/Latinx households with children under three. A literature search was conducted using PubMed and four additional search engines. Inclusion criteria consisted of articles published in English from November 1996 to May 2022 that examined food insecurity among Hispanic/Latinx households with children under three. Articles were excluded if conducted in settings other than the US and/or focused on refugees and temporary migrant workers. Data were extracted (i.e., objective, setting, population, study design, measures of food insecurity, results) from the final articles (n = 27). The strength of each article's evidence was also evaluated. Results identified individual factors (i.e., intergenerational poverty, education, acculturation, language, etc.), interpersonal factors (i.e., household composition, social support, cultural customs), organizational factors (i.e., interagency collaboration, organizational rules), community factors (i.e., food environment, stigma, etc.), and public policy/societal factors (i.e., nutrition assistance programs, benefit cliffs, etc.) associated with a food security status of this population. Overall, most articles were classified as "medium" or higher quality for the strength of evidence, and more frequently focused on individual or policy factors. Findings indicate the need for more research to include a focus on public policy/society factors, as well as on multiple levels of the SEM with considerations of how individual and policy levels intersect and to create or adapt nutrition-related and culturally appropriate interventions to improve food security of Hispanic/Latinx households with young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elder Garcia Varela
- Graduate Research and Teaching Assistant, Department of Health Education and Behavior, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Megan A McVay
- Department of Health Education and Behavior, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Karla P Shelnutt
- Department of Family, Youth & Community Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Amy R Mobley
- Department of Health Education and Behavior, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Haro-Ramos AY, Bacong AM. Prevalence and risk factors of food insecurity among Californians during the COVID-19 pandemic: Disparities by immigration status and ethnicity. Prev Med 2022; 164:107268. [PMID: 36150445 PMCID: PMC9487147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated socioeconomic disparities in food insecurity. Non-citizens, who do not qualify for most publicly-funded food assistance programs, may be most vulnerable to food insecurity during the pandemic. However, no study has examined heterogeneity in food insecurity by immigration status and ethnicity in the context of the pandemic. We analyzed the 2020 non-restricted California Health Interview Survey to examine disparities in food insecurity by ethnicity and immigration status (i.e., US-born, naturalized, non-citizen) among Asians and Latinxs (N = 19,514) compared to US-born Whites. Weighted multivariable logistic regression analyses assessed the association of immigration status and ethnicity with food insecurity. Decomposition analyses assessed the extent to which pandemic-related economic stressors, including experiencing reduced work hours or losing a job versus pre-pandemic socioeconomic position (SEP), accounted for disparities in food insecurity by ethnicity and immigration status. Regardless of immigration status, Latinxs were more likely to experience food insecurity than Whites. Based on the adjusted analyses, non-citizen, naturalized, and US-born Latinxs had a predicted probability of 12%, 11.4%, and 11.9% of experiencing food insecurity, respectively. In contrast, non-citizen Asians, but not US-born or naturalized Asians, reported greater food insecurity than Whites (12.5% vs. 8.2%). SEP accounted for 43% to 66% of the relationship between immigration status-ethnicity and food insecurity. The pandemic exacerbated economic hardship, but food insecurity was largely explained by long-standing SEP-related factors among Latinxs, regardless of immigration status, and non-citizen Asians. To address disparities in food insecurity, social assistance programs and COVID-19 economic relief should be extended to non-citizens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alein Y Haro-Ramos
- University of California, Berkeley, School of Public Health, 2121 Berkeley Way West, Berkeley, CA 94704, United States.
| | - Adrian M Bacong
- Stanford University, School of Medicine, 1215 Welch Rd, Stanford, CA 94305, United States.
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11
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Amoyaw J, Pandey M, Maina G, Li Y, Nkrumah DO. Food insecurity among postsecondary international students: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e060952. [PMID: 36229141 PMCID: PMC9562721 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-060952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION International students make significant contributions to their host institutions and countries. Yet research shows that not all international students have the financial means to fend for themselves and meet their financial obligations for the entire study programme. Such students are at significant risk of food insecurity. The objective of this scoping review is to synthesise available information on the factors related to food insecurity among international students studying at postsecondary educational institutions and identify the types of food insecurity interventions that have been implemented to address this issue. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methodology will be used to guide this scoping review, and we will search the following databases: MEDLINE (through Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), PubMed, ERIC (via Ovid), PROSPERO and ProQuest. The titles, abstracts, and subsequently full texts of the selected papers will then be screened against the inclusion criteria. Data from articles included in the review will be extracted using a data charting form and will be summarised in a tabular form. Thematic analysis will be used to identify common themes that thread through the selected studies and will be guided by the steps developed by Terry et al. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Since this project entails a review of available literature, ethical approval is not required. The findings will be presented at academic conferences and published in a peer-reviewed journal. To make the findings more accessible, they will also be distributed via digital communication platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Amoyaw
- Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Mamata Pandey
- Research Department, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Geoffrey Maina
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Yiyan Li
- Canadian Critical Care Trials Group, Markheim, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Owusu Nkrumah
- Department of Sociology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Food insecurity among immigrant populations in the United States. Food Secur 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12571-022-01322-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Dou N, Murray-Kolb LE, Mitchell DC, Melgar-Quiñonez H, Na M. Food Insecurity and Mental Well-Being in Immigrants: A Global Analysis. Am J Prev Med 2022; 63:301-311. [PMID: 35660048 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study estimates the prevalence of food insecurity, mental well-being, and their associations among immigrants and compares the food insecurity-mental well-being associations with nonimmigrants globally and by region. METHODS The Gallup World Poll data from 2014 to 2019 were analyzed in 2021. A total of 36,313 immigrants and 705,913 nonimmigrants were included. Food insecurity was measured by the Food Insecurity Experience Scale. Mental well-being was assessed using the Negative Experience Index and Positive Experience Index. A community attachment index was used to measure the living environment. Multilevel mixed-effect linear models were used to examine how the Negative Experience Index/Positive Experience Index was associated with food insecurity and the community attachment index in immigrants and nonimmigrants, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, survey years, and country fixed effects. The modifying effects of immigration status on food insecurity-mental well-being associations were tested. RESULTS The weighted proportion of food insecurity among global immigrants was 38.6% during 2014-2019. In the pooled adjusted model, food insecurity was dose-responsively associated with greater Negative Experience Index and lower Positive Experience Index than the food-secure ref (p<0.001 for trend). Similar dose-response associations were observed in nonimmigrants and in region-specific analyses. Community attachment marginally affected the food insecurity-mental well-being associations (all p≤0.001 for interaction). Immigration status significantly modified the food insecurity-mental well-being associations in all analyses (all p=0.01 for interaction), and immigrants experienced poorer mental well-being than nonimmigrants at the same level of community attachment and food insecurity. CONCLUSIONS Food insecurity is prevalent and is associated with poor mental well-being in immigrants worldwide. Future interventions are needed to alleviate food insecurity and promote community attachment to improve mental health among immigrants, especially in Asian and Pacific countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Dou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Laura E Murray-Kolb
- Department of Nutrition Science, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Diane C Mitchell
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Hugo Melgar-Quiñonez
- McGill Institute for Global Food Security, School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Muzi Na
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.
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Food insecurity among Finnish private service sector workers: validity, prevalence and determinants. Public Health Nutr 2022; 25:829-840. [PMID: 35067259 PMCID: PMC9993037 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980022000209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the prevalence and determinants of food insecurity among private sector service workers in Finland and assess validity of the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) tool. DESIGN In this cross-sectional study, food insecurity and background characteristics were collected from Finnish private service workers via electronic questionnaires (2019) and national register data (2018-2019). We conducted univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to determine the variables explaining food insecurity. Validity of HFIAS was assessed with rotated principal component analysis and Cronbach's α. SETTING Members of the trade union for private sector service workers, Service Union United (PAM), from all municipalities in Finland participated in the study in 2019. PARTICIPANTS The subjects were 6435 private sector workers that were members of the Service Union United (PAM) in Finland. Mean age of participants was 44 years (sd 12·7 years). RESULTS Two-thirds of the participants (65 %) were food insecure with over a third (36 %) reporting severe food insecurity. Reporting great difficulties in covering household expenses and young age markedly increased the risk of severe food insecurity (OR 15·05; 95 % CI 10·60, 21·38 and OR 5·07; 95 % CI 3·94, 6·52, respectively). Not being married, low education, working in the hospitality industry, being male and living in rented housing also increased the probability of severe food insecurity. The HFIAS tool demonstrated acceptable construct and criterion validity. CONCLUSIONS Severe food insecurity was widespread and associated with low socio-economic status, young age and being male among Finnish private sector service workers, emphasising the need for regular monitoring of food insecurity in Finland.
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Jefferies K, Richards T, Blinn N, Sim M, Kirk SFL, Dhami G, Helwig M, Iduye D, Moody E, Macdonald M, Tomblin Murphy G, Martin-Misener R. Food security in African Canadian communities: a scoping review. JBI Evid Synth 2021; 20:37-59. [PMID: 34149022 DOI: 10.11124/jbies-20-00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this review is to chart the evidence relating to food security among African Canadian communities to inform future research and offer insight related to food security in African Canadian communities. INTRODUCTION Achieving food security is of global importance in the attainment of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. As a social determinant of health, food security, which refers to the unrestricted physical, economic, and timely access to safe and nutritious foods, impacts over four million Canadians. Yet, little is known about food security and the differential impacts of food insecurity among African Canadians. This scoping review sought to describe the current state of food security among African Canadians. INCLUSION CRITERIA Sources were considered for inclusion if they met the eligibility criteria outlined in the a priori protocol. Specifically, sources were considered if they: i) focused on Canada, ii) involved African Canadians, and iii) examined food security. No restrictions were placed on date of publication and language restrictions were limited to English and French. METHODS This scoping review was conducted in accordance with JBI methodology and comprised a search of published and unpublished sources. Data were extracted independently in Excel by two team members according to data items outlined in the extraction tool. In instances where articles were unavailable, authors of potential sources were contacted at the full-text review phase to request access to the full text of their article. Databases and relevant websites containing peer-reviewed, unpublished, and gray literature were searched. Ancestry searching and forward citation tracing were completed. RESULTS The search of databases yielded a total of 1183 records. Ancestry tracing yielded 287 records. After removing duplicates, 1075 titles and abstracts were screened for eligibility and 80 advanced to full-text screening. Seventy-five full-text articles were excluded based on inclusion criteria, leaving five articles that underwent data extraction. All included studies involved African Canadian participants in Canada (n = 5). All studies focused on adults (n = 5); one study included women and men participants (n = 1), while four focused exclusively on women (n = 4). Importantly, one study involving women participants included cis- and trans women as well as those identifying as queer (n = 1). Study designs reflected qualitative (n = 2), quantitative (n = 1), and mixed methods (n = 2) designs. CONCLUSIONS This review begins to fill a gap in understanding the current evidence available on food security as it impacts African Canadians. The findings of this review represent existing research, describing the type of evidence available and methodologies used, before suggesting implications for research and practice. The inclusion of only five studies reveals the limited evidence regarding the current state of food security among African Canadians. Further, included studies were exclusively conducted in urban settings; predominantly in one province. There is a need for further research in rural communities, in other provinces and territories, as well as with younger and older participants. Lastly, the urgent need to collect race-disaggregated data in Canada is evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisha Jefferies
- School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada Aligning Health Needs and Evidence for Transformative Change (AH-NET-C): A JBI Centre of Excellence, Halifax, NS, Canada Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Healthy Populations Institute, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada Nova Scotia Health, Halifax, NS, Canada Department of Applied Human Nutrition, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS, Canada WK Kellogg Library, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Veronese G, Pepe A, Sala G, Vigliaroni M. Measuring subjective well-being in an understudied population of young Western-African IDPs and refugees. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MIGRATION HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE 2019. [DOI: 10.1108/ijmhsc-07-2018-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to report a real-life empirical case and discuss some caveats emerged in measuring subjective well-being (SWB) in an understudied population of adolescents refugees from West Africa.
Design/methodology/approach
During the process of translation and cultural adaptation of the subjective well-being assessment scale in the target population, the model of measurement presented some weakness with regard to content validity criteria.
Findings
This leads to a partial revision of the model and the development of new locally-based domains of SWB.
Originality/value
Context-specific factors’ robustness showed the dynamic and culture-informed nature of the SWB construct. Practical and theoretical implications of using quantitative questionnaires in non-western contexts characterized by high grades of insecurity and instability will be discussed.
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Dean J, Wray AJ, Braun L, Casello JM, McCallum L, Gower S. Holding the keys to health? A scoping study of the population health impacts of automated vehicles. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1258. [PMID: 31510986 PMCID: PMC6740025 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7580-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Automated Vehicles (AVs) are central to the new mobility paradigm that promises to transform transportation systems and cities across the globe. To date, much of the research on AVs has focused on technological advancements with little emphasis on how this emerging technology will impact population-level health. This scoping study examines the potential health impacts of AVs based on the existing literature. Methods Using Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping protocol, we searched academic and ‘grey’ literature to anticipate the effects of AVs on human health. Results Our search captured 43 information sources that discussed a least one of the five thematic areas related to health. The bulk of the evidence is related to road safety (n = 37), followed by a relatively equal distribution between social equity (n = 24), environment (n = 22), lifestyle (n = 20), and built environment (n = 18) themes. There is general agreement that AVs will improve road safety overall, thus reducing injuries and fatalities from human errors in operating motorized vehicles. However, the relationships with air quality, physical activity, and stress, among other health factors may be more complex. The broader health implications of AVs will be dependent on how the technology is adopted in various transportation systems. Regulatory action will be a significant determinant of how AVs could affect health, as well as how AVs influence social and environmental determinants of health. Conclusion To support researchers and practitioners considering the health implications of AVs, we provide a conceptual map of the direct and indirect linkages between AV use and health outcomes. It is important that stakeholders, including public health agencies work to ensure that population health outcomes and equitable distribution of health impacts are priority considerations as regulators develop their response to AVs. We recommend that public health and transportation officials actively monitor trends in AV introduction and adoption, regulators focus on protecting human health and safety in AV implementation, and researchers work to expand the body of evidence surrounding AVs and population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Dean
- School of Planning, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Alexander J Wray
- Human Environments Analysis Lab, Department of Geography, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Lucas Braun
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave, West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Jeffrey M Casello
- School of Planning, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave, West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Lindsay McCallum
- Toronto Public Health, 277 Victoria St., 7th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W2, Canada
| | - Stephanie Gower
- Toronto Public Health, 277 Victoria St., 7th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W2, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College St, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada
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