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Dowling NA, Rodda SN, Merkouris SS. Applying the Just-In-Time Adaptive Intervention Framework to the Development of Gambling Interventions. J Gambl Stud 2024; 40:717-747. [PMID: 37659031 PMCID: PMC11272684 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-023-10250-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Just-In-Time Adaptive Interventions (JITAIs) are emerging "push" mHealth interventions that provide the right type, timing, and amount of support to address the dynamically-changing needs for each individual. Although JITAIs are well-suited to the delivery of interventions for the addictions, few are available to support gambling behaviour change. We therefore developed GamblingLess: In-The-Moment and Gambling Habit Hacker, two smartphone-delivered JITAIs that differ with respect to their target populations, theoretical underpinnings, and decision rules. We aim to describe the decisions, methods, and tools we used to design these two treatments, with a view to providing guidance to addiction researchers who wish to develop JITAIs in the future. Specifically, we describe how we applied a comprehensive, organising scientific framework to define the problem, define just-in-time in the context of the identified problem, and formulate the adaptation strategies. While JITAIs appear to be a promising design in addiction intervention science, we describe several key challenges that arose during development, particularly in relation to applying micro-randomised trials to their evaluation, and offer recommendations for future research. Issues including evaluation considerations, integrating on-demand intervention content, intervention optimisation, combining active and passive assessments, incorporating human facilitation, adding cost-effectiveness evaluations, and redevelopment as transdiagnostic interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicki A Dowling
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
- Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
| | - Simone N Rodda
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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Shuai R, Ahmed-Leitao F, Bloom J, Seedat S, Hogarth L. Brief online negative affect focused functional imagery training (FIT) improves four-week drinking outcomes in hazardous student drinkers: A pilot randomised controlled trial replication in South Africa. Addict Behav Rep 2024; 19:100540. [PMID: 38586438 PMCID: PMC10995806 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous study has shown that functional imagery training (FIT) to utilise positive mental imagery in response to negative affect could improve alcohol-related outcomes. The current study aimed to replicate whether this negative affect focused FIT would improve alcohol-related outcomes in hazardous student drinkers in South Africa at four-week follow-up. Methods 50 hazardous student drinkers who reported drinking to cope with negative affect were randomised into two groups. The active group (n = 25) was trained online over two weeks to respond to personalised negative drinking triggers by retrieving a personalised adaptive strategy they might use to mitigate negative affect, whereas the control group (n = 25) received standard risk information about binge drinking. Outcome measures including alcohol consumption, drinking motives, anxiety and depression, self-efficacy and use of protective behavioural strategies were obtained at baseline and four-week follow-up. Results FIT effects were revealed by three significant group-by-timepoint interactions in a per-protocol analysis: there was a significant decrease in depressive symptoms, drinking to cope and drinking for social reasons from baseline to follow-up in the active group, but not the control group. No effects were observed on alcohol consumption, self-efficacy, protective behaviour strategies and anxiety. Conclusions Preliminary evidence supports that online negative affect focused FIT can improve depression as well as coping and social drinking motives in South African hazardous student drinkers who drank to cope, at four-week follow-up, suggesting that the principles of this FIT approach might be adapted and incorporated into a clinical intervention to test for efficacy in mitigating substance use problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruichong Shuai
- School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Fatima Ahmed-Leitao
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Jenny Bloom
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Soraya Seedat
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Lee Hogarth
- School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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Schmied E, Hack L, Connemann B, Sosic-Vasic Z, Kroener J. You're not alone: imagery rescripting for adolescents who self-harm. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1395603. [PMID: 38756496 PMCID: PMC11096576 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1395603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), which refers to the deliberate act of causing harm to one's own body without the intent to commit suicide, occurs in 20% of youth. Interestingly, approximately 90% of individuals who engage in self-harm report intrusive mental imagery thereof shortly prior to the act of NSSI. Previous research has demonstrated that imagery rescripting (IR) is an effective technique to treat intrusive mental images and associated clinical symptoms, such as emotion dysregulation, in various psychiatric disorders. However, there is no research on IR for adolescents who self-harm. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the efficacy and feasibility of a two-session short-intervention using IR to reduce NSSI and associated clinical symptoms in adolescents. The intervention was supported by an app-based digital health intervention (DHI). Methods A single case series A-B design with three post-assessments (1 week, 1 month, and 3 months post-intervention) was implemented. Seven adolescents received two treatment sessions of IR, supported by a DHI between sessions. NSSI (SITBI), emotion regulation (ERQ), emotional distress (BDI-II, STAI-T), self-efficacy (WIRKALL_r), and treatment satisfaction (BIKEP) were evaluated. Results There was an increase in adaptive emotion regulation strategies up to 3 months post-intervention. Furthermore, patients improved regarding their self-efficacy, depressiveness, anxiety, and NSSI symptomatology. The developed DHI was described as a helpful and supportive tool. Conclusion The intervention has shown initial evidence to be feasible and beneficial for adolescents conducting NSSI. The DHI has demonstrated to be a valuable tool in the treatment of self-harming youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Schmied
- Christophsbad Goeppingen, Department of Applied Psychotherapy and Psychiatry, Göppingen, Germany
- Medical Department, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lisa Hack
- Christophsbad Goeppingen, Department of Applied Psychotherapy and Psychiatry, Göppingen, Germany
- Medical Department, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Zrinka Sosic-Vasic
- Christophsbad Goeppingen, Department of Applied Psychotherapy and Psychiatry, Göppingen, Germany
- Medical Department, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Julia Kroener
- Christophsbad Goeppingen, Department of Applied Psychotherapy and Psychiatry, Göppingen, Germany
- Medical Department, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Batcup C, Bonner C, Ayre J. What makes an action plan "100% me"? Think aloud interviews about CVD prevention tools for varying health literacy needs. Health Promot J Austr 2024; 35:68-78. [PMID: 36916638 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED Health behaviour change can be difficult to maintain. Action plans can address this issue, however, there has been little qualitative research to understand how to optimise action plan interventions. This study explored how people engage with a specific type of action plan intervention, the "volitional help sheet," in a cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention context. METHODS Twenty adults in the target age for CVD risk assessment (45 to 74 years) with varying health literacy participated in interviews and created an action plan to change their behaviour. Transcripts were analysed using framework analysis. RESULTS Participants described how engagement with plans was related to how personally relevant the target behaviour and the options within the plan were. Also important was participants visualising themselves enacting the plan when deciding which option to choose. Amongst participants who already engaged in a target behaviour, some did not perceive the plan was useful; others perceived the plan as a helpful prompt or a formalisation of existing plans. For some, the barriers to behaviour change were out of the scope of an action plan, highlighting the need for alternative supports. CONCLUSION This study provides qualitative insights into unanticipated ways that people with varying health literacy use action plans, providing new guidance for future developers. SO WHAT?: Not all action plans are created equal. Careful selection of behavioural targets and plan options and encouraging users to imagine the plan may enhance user engagement. Alternative behaviour change strategies should be available if key barriers cannot be addressed by the plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carys Batcup
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, Sydney Health Literacy Lab, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carissa Bonner
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, Sydney Health Literacy Lab, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Julie Ayre
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, Sydney Health Literacy Lab, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Abed M, Mansureh HH, Masoud GAL, Elaheh H, Mohammad-Hossein NHK, Yamin BD, Abdol-Hossein V. Construction of Meta-Thinking Educational Program Based on Mental-Brain Simulation ( MTMBS) and Evaluating its Effectiveness on Executive Functions, Emotion Regulation, and Impulsivity in Children With ADHD: A Resting-State Functional MRI Study. J Atten Disord 2023; 27:1223-1251. [PMID: 36843348 DOI: 10.1177/10870547231155436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of present research was to make a Meta-Thinking educational program based on mental-brain simulation and to evaluate its effectiveness on executive functions, emotion regulation and impulsivity in children with ADHD. METHODS The research method was Embedded Design: Embedded Experimental Model. The research sample included 32 children with ADHD who were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The intervention was implemented for eight sessions of 1.5 hr for the experimental group, and fMRI images were taken from them, while the control group didn't receive any treatment. Finally, using semi-structured interviews, coherent information was collected from the parents of the experimental group about the changes made. Data were analyzed with SPSS-24, MAXQDA, fMRIprep, and FSL software. RESULTS The Meta-Thinking Educational Program had effect on performance of ADHD children and suppressed brain regions related to DMN. CONCLUSION The Implementation of this educational program plays a vital role in improving psychological problems of children with ADHD.
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Abbas NH, Samson DR. Dreaming during the COVID-19 pandemic: Support for the threat simulation function of dreams. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1124772. [PMID: 36814654 PMCID: PMC9939895 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1124772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary theories suggest that dreams function as a world simulator of events that maximizes our ability to surmount social and threat-related challenges critical to survivorship and reproduction. Here, in contrast to the incorporation continuity hypothesis, we test the (1) social bias hypothesis, which states that dreams will overrepresent positive social interactions relative to waking life, (2) the mutually exclusive threat bias hypothesis, the idea that dream content will be negative relative to waking life, (3) the strengthening hypothesis, which states that dreams will rehearse more positive interactions with individuals the self is familiar with relative to waking life, and (4) the compensation hypothesis, which states that social contents in dreams increases during periods of social seclusion. Dream (n = 168) and wake (n = 184) reports were collected through a standardized online survey from 24 undergraduate students. Recalls were analyzed using the Social Content Scale. Generalized linear mixed effects models were used, and the following fixed-effects were considered for the study; the number of reports contributed, report state, biological sex, stress, social support, and media exposures. Results showed support for the threat bias hypothesis, we found that dreams were more negative and featured more unfamiliar individuals in contrast to waking life. Additionally, we found partial support for the social bias and the strengthening hypotheses, however no support was shown for the compensation hypothesis. Overall, these results demonstrate support for the threat simulation function of dreams.
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Smith SR, Hagger MS, Keech JJ, Moyers SA, Hamilton K. Improving Hand Hygiene Behavior Using a Novel Theory-Based Intervention During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Ann Behav Med 2022; 56:1157-1173. [PMID: 36099420 PMCID: PMC9635998 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaac041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Promoting the adoption of personal hygiene behaviors known to reduce the transmission of COVID-19, such as avoiding touching one's face with unwashed hands, is important for limiting the spread of infections. PURPOSE We aimed to test the efficacy of a theory-based intervention to promote the avoidance of touching one's face with unwashed hands to reduce the spread of COVID-19. METHODS We tested effects of an intervention employing imagery, persuasive communication, and planning techniques in two pre-registered studies adopting randomized controlled designs in samples of Australian (N = 254; Study 1) and US (N = 245; Study 2) residents. Participants were randomly assigned to theory-based intervention or education-only conditions (Study 1), or to theory-based intervention, education-only, and no-intervention control conditions (Study 2). The intervention was delivered online and participants completed measures of behavior and theory-based social cognition constructs pre-intervention and one-week postintervention. RESULTS Mixed-model ANOVAs revealed a significant increase in avoidance of touching the face with unwashed hands from pre-intervention to follow-up irrespective of intervention condition in both studies, but no significant condition effects. Exploratory analyses revealed significant effects of the theory-based intervention on behavior at follow-up in individuals with low pre-intervention risk perceptions in Study 2. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate high adoption of avoiding touching one's face with unwashed hands, with behavior increasing over time independent of the intervention. Future research should confirm risk perceptions as a moderator of the effect theory-based interventions on infection-prevention behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie R Smith
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Martin S Hagger
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jacob J Keech
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Australia
| | - Susette A Moyers
- Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, National Center for Wellness and Recovery, Tulsa, Oklahoma
| | - Kyra Hamilton
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
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Shuai R, Bakou AE, Andrade J, Hides L, Hogarth L. Brief Online Negative Affect Focused Functional Imagery Training Improves 2-Week Drinking Outcomes in Hazardous Student Drinkers: a Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial. Int J Behav Med 2022; 29:346-356. [PMID: 34432263 PMCID: PMC9166857 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-021-10019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Negative affect plays an important role in motivating problematic alcohol use. Consequently, training imagery-based adaptive responses to negative affect could reduce problematic alcohol use. The current study tested whether personalised online functional imagery training (FIT) to utilise positive mental imagery in response to negative affect would improve drinking outcomes in hazardous negative affect drinking students. METHOD Participants were 52 hazardous student drinkers who drink to cope with negative affect. Participants in the active group (n = 24) were trained online over 2 weeks to respond to personalised negative drinking triggers by retrieving a personalised adaptive strategy they might use to mitigate negative affect, whereas participants in the control group (n = 28) received standard risk information about binge drinking at university. Measures of daily drinking quantity, drinking motives, self-efficacy and use of protective behavioural strategies were obtained at baseline and 2 weeks follow-up. RESULTS There were three significant interactions between group and time in a per-protocol analysis: the active intervention group showed increased self-efficacy of control over negative affect drinking and control over alcohol consumption and decreased social drinking motives from baseline to 2-week follow-up, relative to the control intervention group. There were no effects on drinking frequency. CONCLUSION These findings provide initial evidence that online training to respond to negative affect drinking triggers by retrieving mental imagery of adaptive strategies can improve drinking-related outcomes in hazardous, student, negative affect drinkers. The findings support the utility of FIT interventions for substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruichong Shuai
- School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Washington Singer Building, Perry Road, Exeter, EX4 4QG, UK
| | - Alexandra Elissavet Bakou
- School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Washington Singer Building, Perry Road, Exeter, EX4 4QG, UK
| | - Jackie Andrade
- School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Leanne Hides
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lee Hogarth
- School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Washington Singer Building, Perry Road, Exeter, EX4 4QG, UK.
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Rodda SN, Bagot KL, Merkouris SS, Youssef G, Lubman DI, Thomas AC, Dowling NA. Gambling Habit Hacker: Protocol for a micro-randomised trial of planning interventions delivered via a Just-In-Time Adaptive Intervention for adult gamblers (Preprint). JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e38919. [PMID: 35881441 PMCID: PMC9364163 DOI: 10.2196/38919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background People with gambling problems frequently report repeated unsuccessful attempts to change their behavior. Although many behavior change techniques are available to individuals to reduce gambling harm, they can be challenging to implement or maintain. The provision of implementation support tailored for immediate, real-time, individualized circumstances may improve attempts at behavior change. Objective We aimed to develop and evaluate a Just-In-Time Adaptive Intervention (JITAI) for individuals who require support to adhere to their gambling limits. JITAI development is based on the principles of the Health Action Process Approach with delivery, in alignment with the principles of self-determination theory. The primary objective was to determine the effect of action- and coping planning compared with no intervention on the goal of subsequently adhering to gambling expenditure limits. Methods Gambling Habit Hacker is delivered as a JITAI providing in-the-moment support for adhering to gambling expenditure limits (primary proximal outcome). Delivered via a smartphone app, this JITAI delivers tailored behavior change techniques related to goal setting, action planning, coping planning, and self-monitoring. The Gambling Habit Hacker app will be evaluated using a 28-day microrandomized trial. Up to 200 individuals seeking support for their own gambling from Australia and New Zealand will set a gambling expenditure limit (ie, goal). They will then be asked to complete 3 time-based ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) per day over a 28-day period. EMAs will assess real-time adherence to gambling limits, strength of intention to adhere to goals, goal self-efficacy, urge self-efficacy, and being in high-risk situations. On the basis of the responses to each EMA, participants will be randomized to the control (a set of 25 self-enactable strategies containing names only and no implementation information) or intervention (self-enactable strategy implementation information with facilitated action- and coping planning) conditions. This microrandomized trial will be supplemented with a 6-month within-group follow-up that explores the long-term impact of the app on gambling expenditure (primary distal outcome) and a range of secondary outcomes, as well as an evaluation of the acceptability of the JITAI via postintervention surveys, app use and engagement indices, and semistructured interviews. This trial has been approved by the Deakin University Human Research Ethics Committee (2020-304). Results The intervention has been subject to expert user testing, with high acceptability scores. The results will inform a more nuanced version of the Gambling Habit Hacker app for wider use. Conclusions Gambling Habit Hacker is part of a suite of interventions for addictive behaviors that deliver implementation support grounded in lived experience. This study may inform the usefulness of delivering implementation intentions in real time and in real-world settings. It potentially offers people with gambling problems new support to set their gambling intentions and adhere to their limits. Trial Registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12622000497707; www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=383568 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/38919
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone N Rodda
- Psychology and Neuroscience, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Grafton, New Zealand
| | | | | | - George Youssef
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Dan I Lubman
- Turning Point and Monash Addiction Research Centre, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anna C Thomas
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Nicki A Dowling
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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Ji JL, Geiles D, Saulsman LM. Mental imagery-based episodic simulation amplifies motivation and behavioural engagement in planned reward activities. Behav Res Ther 2021; 145:103947. [PMID: 34433114 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2021.103947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Preliminary evidence suggests mental imagery-based episodic simulation of planned reward activities may amplify motivation and promote greater behavioural engagement, particularly for activities with high motivational barriers (Renner, Murphy, Ji, Manly, & Holmes, 2019). This study conducted a conceptual replication and extension of Renner et al. (2019). N = 81 first-year university students self-selected and scheduled two reward activities (one hedonic, one mastery) for the following week before being randomly allocated to either an Imagery-Experiential elaboration condition (n = 27), a Verbal-Reasoning elaboration condition (n = 28), or a Scheduling-only Control condition (n = 26). Following the lab session, all participants received standardized daily prompts to complete daily activity diaries online for seven days. The Imagery-Experiential condition reported greater increases in anticipatory pleasure (state mood), anticipated pleasure, and self-reported motivation compared to the Scheduling-only Control condition, and greater increases in anticipatory pleasure (state mood), but not anticipated pleasure or motivation, relative to the Verbal-Reasoning condition. Consistent with Renner et al. (2019), the Imagery-Experiential condition, but not the Verbal-Reasoning condition, reported more frequent engagement in high motivational barrier activities than the Scheduling-only Control condition. Exploratory mediational analyses suggested that mental imagery may exert unique motivational impacts via its impact on anticipatory pleasure (state mood), although indirect effects were only observed for self-reported motivation change in the lab, with real world behavioural effects falling short of statistical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie L Ji
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Dylan Geiles
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lisa M Saulsman
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Australia
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Adriaanse MA, Ten Broeke P. Beyond prevention: Regulating responses to self-regulation failure to avoid a set-back effect. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2021; 14:278-293. [PMID: 34406708 PMCID: PMC9291624 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite having good intentions, people fail at times to self‐regulate. Most of these instances of everyday self‐regulation failure are in themselves trivial. However, the ensuing chain of attributions, thoughts, and subsequent behaviors that people experience after an instance of failure may be detrimental to their long‐term self‐regulation success. In two studies, we examined the potential of intervening in the aftermath of failure to prevent this so‐called “setback effect” by instructing people that setbacks may occur and to attribute future incidents of failure to external causes. In Study 1, we tested whether the intervention indeed decreased the frequency of self‐regulation failure in the context of dieting and procrastination. In Study 2, we aimed to replicate the findings from Study 1 in the context of procrastination, and we explored the mediating role of self‐efficacy. In both studies, participants in the intervention condition experienced less self‐regulation failure and more subjective self‐regulation success in the days after the intervention. Study 2 demonstrated that this effect was partly mediated by an increase in self‐efficacy. Taken together, findings suggest that a simple mindset manipulation promoting external attributions to failure may be effective in preventing a setback effect from occurring by protecting self‐efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke A Adriaanse
- Department of Social, Health and Organizational Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pam Ten Broeke
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Kraft P, Kraft B. Explaining socioeconomic disparities in health behaviours: A review of biopsychological pathways involving stress and inflammation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 127:689-708. [PMID: 34048858 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this article was to explore how individuals' position in a socioeconomic hierarchy is related to health behaviours that are related to socioeconomic disparities in health. We identified research which shows that: (a) low socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with living in harsh environments, (b) harsh environments are related to increased levels of stress and inflammation, (c) stress and inflammation impact neural systems involved in self-control by sensitising the impulsive system and desensitising the reflective system, (d) the effects are inflated valuations of small immediate rewards and deflated valuations of larger delayed rewards, (e) these effects are observed as increased delay discounting, and (f) delay discounting is positively associated with practicing more unhealthy behaviours. The results are discussed within an adaptive evolutionary framework which lays out how the stress response system, and its interaction with the immune system and brain systems for decision-making and behaviours, provides the biopsychological mechanisms and regulatory shifts that make widespread conditional adaptability possible. Consequences for policy work, interventions, and future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pål Kraft
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1094, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, Bjørknes University College, Lovisenberggata 13, 0456, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Brage Kraft
- Division of Psychiatry, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, P. O. Box 23 Vinderen, 0319, Oslo, Norway.
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Using Photo Stories to Support Doctor-Patient Communication: Evaluating a Communicative Health Literacy Intervention for Older Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16193726. [PMID: 31623324 PMCID: PMC6801765 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Older adults often have limited health literacy and experience difficulties in communicating about their health. In view of the need for efficacious interventions, we compared a narrative photo story booklet regarding doctor-patient communication with a non-narrative but otherwise highly similar brochure. The photo story booklet included seven short picture-based stories about themes related to doctor-patient communication. The non-narrative brochure had comparable pictures and layout and dealt with the same themes, but it did not include any stories. We conducted two Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) among older adults with varying levels of health literacy: one RCT in Germany (N = 66) and one RCT in the Netherlands (N = 54); the latter one was followed by an in-depth interview study among a subset of the participants (81.5%; n = 44). In the RCTs, we did not find significant differences between the photo story booklet and the non-narrative brochure. In the interview study, a majority of the participants expressed a preference for the photo story booklet, which was perceived as recognizable, relevant, entertaining and engaging. We conclude that photo story booklets are a promising format but that there is room for improving their effectiveness.
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Effects of Self-Efficacy on Healthy Eating Depends on Normative Support: a Prospective Study of Long-Haul Truck Drivers. Int J Behav Med 2019; 25:265-270. [PMID: 28849381 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-017-9685-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fruit and vegetable intake (FV) is insufficient in industrialized nations and there is excess of discretionary food choices (DC; foods high in fat, sugar, and salt). Long-haul truck drivers are considered a particularly at-risk group given the limited food choices and normatively reinforced eating habits at truck rest-stops. Self-efficacy and normative support are key determinants of eating behavior yet the processes underlying their effects on behavior are not well understood. We tested the direct and interactive effects of self-efficacy and normative support on healthy eating behaviors in long-haul truck drivers in a prospective correlational study. METHOD Long-haul truck drivers (N = 82) completed an initial survey containing self-report measures of behavioral intentions, perceived normative support, and self-efficacy for their FV and DC behaviors. Participants completed a follow-up survey 1 week later in which they self-reported their FV and DC behavior. RESULTS A mediated moderation analysis identified an interactive effect of self-efficacy and normative support on behavior mediated by intention for FV and DC behavior. Specifically, we confirmed a compensation effect in which self-efficacy was more likely to have an effect on FV and DC behavior through intentions in participants with low normative support. CONCLUSION Results indicate the importance of self-efficacy in predicting FV and DC intentions and behavior in the absence of a supportive normative environment. The compensatory effect of self-efficacy beliefs on behavior through intentions when normative support is low should be confirmed using experimental methods.
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Chen XJ, Liu LL, Wang Y, Yang TX, Huang J, Li K, Zeng YW, Cheung EFC, Shum DHK, van Amelsvoort T, Chan RCK. Neural correlates of the effect of implementation intention on prospective memory. Psych J 2018; 8:261-270. [PMID: 30520271 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Prospective memory (PM) refers to the ability to remember to do something in the future. Implementation intention refers to a self-regulatory strategy in the form of "If …, then …" planning that can improve PM performance. However, the neural basis of the effect of implementation intention on PM remains unclear, as do the phases of PM that are affected by implementation intention. This study aimed to address these issues. Healthy participants were randomly assigned to the implementation intention (n = 18) and typical instruction (n = 20) conditions. All of them underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning when performing a PM task, which differentiated encoding, maintenance, and execution phases. Results demonstrated that participants in the implementation intention group showed different brain activations compared to participants in the typical instruction group. During the encoding phase, the implementation intention group showed increased activations in the inferior frontal gyrus (BA 10) and supramarginal gyrus (BA 40) compared to the typical instruction group; during the maintenance phase, the typical instruction group showed stronger activations in the inferior frontal gyrus (BA 46) than the implementation intention group; during the execution phase, the typical instruction group showed increased activations in the precentral gyrus (BA 6) and middle frontal gyrus (BA 8) than the implementation intention group. These results demonstrated the neural correlates of implementation intention on PM in different phases, and support the conclusion of our previous review based on fMRI evidence that implementation intention's improvement of PM performance is not fully automatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Jie Chen
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lu-Lu Liu
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Xiao Yang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Huang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Li
- MRI Division, Beijing 306 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Wei Zeng
- MRI Division, Beijing 306 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - David H K Shum
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Therese van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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O'Donnell S, Daniel TO, Koroschetz J, Kilanowski C, Otminski A, Bickel WK, Epstein LH. Do process simulations during episodic future thinking enhance the reduction of delay discounting for middle income participants and those living in poverty? JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DECISION MAKING 2018; 32:231-240. [PMID: 34334945 DOI: 10.1002/bdm.2108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Two studies examined whether episodic future thinking (EFT; pre-experiencing future events) reduces discounting of future rewards (DD). No studies have investigated whether process simulations (i.e., simulating the process of executing a future event) amplify EFT's reduction of DD. Study 1 examined the effect of incorporating process simulations into EFT (N = 42, M age = 43.27; 91% female, family income = $75,976) using a 2 × 2 factorial design with type of episodic thinking (process, nonprocess/general) and temporal perspective (EFT, episodic recent thinking) as between-subjects factors. Study 2 replicated Study 1 in a sample of adults living in poverty (N = 36; M age = 38.44, 88% female; family income = $25,625). The results of both studies showed EFT reduced DD, but process-oriented EFT did not amplify the effect of EFT. Our findings suggest the key ingredient in EFT's effect on DD is self-projection into the future. This was also the first study to show EFT improves DD in a sample living in poverty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara O'Donnell
- Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Tinuke Oluyomi Daniel
- Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Jordynn Koroschetz
- Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Colleen Kilanowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Aris Otminski
- Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Warren K Bickel
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, Virginia, United States
| | - Leonard H Epstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States
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Knäuper B, Carrière K, Frayn M, Ivanova E, Xu Z, Ames-Bull A, Islam F, Lowensteyn I, Sadikaj G, Luszczynska A, Grover S. The Effects of If-Then Plans on Weight Loss: Results of the McGill CHIP Healthy Weight Program Randomized Controlled Trial. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:1285-1295. [PMID: 29956503 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The NIH-developed Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) is successful in achieving clinically significant weight loss in individuals with overweight/obesity when delivered one-on-one. The group-based DPP is less effective, with average weight losses of only 3.5%. The objective of this study was to increase weight loss outcomes of the group-based DPP by integrating habit formation tools (i.e., if-then plans). This two-arm randomized controlled trial tested the efficacy of the habit formation-enhanced group-based DPP compared with the standard group-based DPP on changes in body weight (primary outcome). This study presents the 3- and 12-month results of this 24-month trial. METHODS A total of 208 participants were randomly assigned to the standard or enhanced DPP, and 172 participated. Participants were men and women with overweight/obesity who self-reported less than 200 min/wk of exercise. RESULTS Both groups achieved high weight losses at 3 (5.76%) and 12 (9.98%) months, with no differences between groups (χ2 < 1). Both groups improved in blood pressure and physical activity. CONCLUSIONS If-then plans did not result in higher weight loss. Both program versions resulted in higher weight loss than the group-based DPP. This may suggest that cognitive behavioral therapy skills of the coaches (clinical psychology doctoral students) was a key factor in treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bärbel Knäuper
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kimberly Carrière
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mallory Frayn
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elena Ivanova
- School of Health and Exercise Psychology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zhen Xu
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anaïs Ames-Bull
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Farah Islam
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ilka Lowensteyn
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gentiana Sadikaj
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aleksandra Luszczynska
- Trauma, Health, and Hazards Center, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
- SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Steven Grover
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | -
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Schneider A, Andrade J, Tanja-Dijkstra K, Moles DR. Mental imagery in dentistry: Phenomenology and role in dental anxiety. J Anxiety Disord 2018; 58:33-41. [PMID: 30025254 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Dental anxiety is a prevalent problem with marked psychological, physical and public health implications. Based on cognitive theory and evidence, we hypothesized that vivid, sensory image-based cognitions play a role in dental anxiety. A quantitative online survey (N = 306) and qualitative semi-structured interviews (N = 18) found that vivid sensory images were common irrespective of dental anxiety levels, but that their content, associated distress and responses varied. Participants reporting higher anxiety experienced intense and intrusive fear-provoking dental imagery focusing on unpleasant sensations, which were associated with the intrusive recollection of negative past experiences and avoidance of dentistry. Participants with lower anxiety ratings, reported images that were less distressing and centered around reassuring aspects and positive appointment outcomes, potentially acting as protective factors against dental anxiety and facilitating appointment attendance. The inclusion of components aimed at reducing intrusive memories and dental imagery rescripting may help improve interventions for dental anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annegret Schneider
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Jackie Andrade
- School of Psychology, Cognition Institute, University of Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Karin Tanja-Dijkstra
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David R Moles
- Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth, United Kingdom
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20
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Papies EK. Situating interventions to bridge the intention-behaviour gap: A framework for recruiting nonconscious processes for behaviour change. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Scullin MK, Kurinec CA, Nguyen K. The effects of implementation intention strategies on prospective memory cue encoding. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2017.1329205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael K. Scullin
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | | | - Khuyen Nguyen
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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22
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Meslot C, Gauchet A, Allenet B, François O, Hagger MS. Theory-Based Interventions Combining Mental Simulation and Planning Techniques to Improve Physical Activity: Null Results from Two Randomized Controlled Trials. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1789. [PMID: 27899904 PMCID: PMC5110541 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interventions to assist individuals in initiating and maintaining regular participation in physical activity are not always effective. Psychological and behavioral theories advocate the importance of both motivation and volition in interventions to change health behavior. Interventions adopting self-regulation strategies that foster motivational and volitional components may, therefore, have utility in promoting regular physical activity participation. We tested the efficacy of an intervention adopting motivational (mental simulation) and volitional (implementation intentions) components to promote a regular physical activity in two studies. Study 1 adopted a cluster randomized design in which participants (n = 92) were allocated to one of three conditions: mental simulation plus implementation intention, implementation intention only, or control. Study 2 adopted a 2 (mental simulation vs. no mental simulation) × 2 (implementation intention vs. no implementation intention) randomized controlled design in which fitness center attendees (n = 184) were randomly allocated one of four conditions: mental simulation only, implementation intention only, combined, or control. Physical activity behavior was measured by self-report (Study 1) or fitness center attendance (Study 2) at 4- (Studies 1 and 2) and 19- (Study 2 only) week follow-up periods. Findings revealed no statistically significant main or interactive effects of the mental simulation and implementation intention conditions on physical activity outcomes in either study. Findings are in contrast to previous research which has found pervasive effects for both intervention strategies. Findings are discussed in light of study limitations including the relatively small sample sizes, particularly for Study 1, deviations in the operationalization of the intervention components from previous research and the lack of a prompt for a goal intention. Future research should focus on ensuring uniformity in the format of the intervention components, test the effects of each component alone and in combination using standardized measures across multiple samples, and systematically explore effects of candidate moderators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Meslot
- TIMC-IMAG UMR CNRS 5525, Grenoble Alpes UniversityGrenoble, France; Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Psychologie, Grenoble Alpes UniversityGrenoble, France
| | - Aurélie Gauchet
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Psychologie, Grenoble Alpes University Grenoble, France
| | - Benoît Allenet
- TIMC-IMAG UMR CNRS 5525, Grenoble Alpes UniversityGrenoble, France; Pharmacy Department, Grenoble University HospitalGrenoble, France
| | - Olivier François
- TIMC-IMAG UMR CNRS 5525, Grenoble Alpes University Grenoble, France
| | - Martin S Hagger
- Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine Research Group, School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, PerthWA, Australia; Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of JyväskyläJyväskylä, Finland
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23
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Allé MC, d'Argembeau A, Schneider P, Potheegadoo J, Coutelle R, Danion JM, Berna F. Self-continuity across time in schizophrenia: An exploration of phenomenological and narrative continuity in the past and future. Compr Psychiatry 2016; 69:53-61. [PMID: 27423345 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disorders of the self, such as a reduced sense of personal continuity in time, are a core symptom of schizophrenia, but one that is still poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated two complementary aspects of self-continuity, namely phenomenological and narrative continuity, in 27 patients with schizophrenia, and compared them with 27 control participants. METHODS Participants were asked to identify important past events and to narrate a story from their life that included these events. They were also asked to imagine important events that might happen in their personal future and to build a narrative of their future life. The vividness of these important life events and the proportion of self-event connections in the narratives were used as a measure of phenomenological and narrative continuity, respectively. RESULTS Our study showed patients with schizophrenia experienced less vivid representations of personally significant events (p = .02) for both temporal directions (past and future) (p < .001). In addition, their ability to make explicit connections between personal events and self-attributes in life narratives was also impaired (p = .03), but only in the case of past narratives (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS These results shed new light on the cognitive mechanisms underlying self-disorders in schizophrenia. The clinical and therapeutic implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Allé
- INSERM U-1114, 1 place de l'Hôpital, Clinique Psychiatrique, Strasbourg Cedex, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; FMTS: Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - A d'Argembeau
- Department of Psychology - Cognition and Behavior, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Cyclotron Research Centre, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - P Schneider
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 place de l'Hôpital, Strasbourg Cedex, France; Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - J Potheegadoo
- INSERM U-1114, 1 place de l'Hôpital, Clinique Psychiatrique, Strasbourg Cedex, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; FMTS: Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - R Coutelle
- INSERM U-1114, 1 place de l'Hôpital, Clinique Psychiatrique, Strasbourg Cedex, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; FMTS: Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 place de l'Hôpital, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - J-M Danion
- INSERM U-1114, 1 place de l'Hôpital, Clinique Psychiatrique, Strasbourg Cedex, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; FMTS: Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 place de l'Hôpital, Strasbourg Cedex, France; Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - F Berna
- INSERM U-1114, 1 place de l'Hôpital, Clinique Psychiatrique, Strasbourg Cedex, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; FMTS: Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 place de l'Hôpital, Strasbourg Cedex, France; Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.
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Andrade J, Khalil M, Dickson J, May J, Kavanagh DJ. Functional Imagery Training to reduce snacking: Testing a novel motivational intervention based on Elaborated Intrusion theory. Appetite 2016; 100:256-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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25
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Koka A. An intervention crossing two types of action planning with mental simulation for the promotion of physical activity among adolescents. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2016; 29:/j/ijamh.2017.29.issue-3/ijamh-2015-0088/ijamh-2015-0088.xml. [PMID: 27060731 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2015-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Four of every five adolescents do not meet the current physical activity (PA) recommendations. Therefore, there is a need for effective interventions that promote PA behavior among adolescents. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an integrated theory-based intervention to promote leisure-time PA (LTPA) among adolescents over a 1-month follow-up period. METHODS Following the completion of self-reported LTPA at baseline, 316 adolescents aged 14-16 years were randomized into one of six conditions based on a 2 (outcome mental simulation: present vs. absent)×3 (action planning: standard vs. reasoning vs. absent) factorial design. The LTPA was measured again 1 month later. RESULTS The intervention did not change adolescents' self-reported LTPA over a 1-month follow-up period. Participants receiving either of the intervention manipulation or combination of these intervention manipulations did not demonstrate significantly higher levels of LTPA compared with partcipants who did not receive intervention manipulations. This might be due to several reasons such as complexity of the target behavior, lack of booster sessions within the follow-up period, or seasonality issues. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that such an integrated intervention may not yet be ready for implementation in promoting LTPA behavior among adolescents.
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Hagger MS, Luszczynska A, de Wit J, Benyamini Y, Burkert S, Chamberland PE, Chater A, Dombrowski SU, van Dongen A, French DP, Gauchet A, Hankonen N, Karekla M, Kinney AY, Kwasnicka D, Hing Lo S, López-Roig S, Meslot C, Marques MM, Neter E, Plass AM, Potthoff S, Rennie L, Scholz U, Stadler G, Stolte E, Ten Hoor G, Verhoeven A, Wagner M, Oettingen G, Sheeran P, Gollwitzer PM. Implementation intention and planning interventions in Health Psychology: Recommendations from the Synergy Expert Group for research and practice. Psychol Health 2016; 31:814-39. [PMID: 26892502 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2016.1146719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The current article details a position statement and recommendations for future research and practice on planning and implementation intentions in health contexts endorsed by the Synergy Expert Group. The group comprised world-leading researchers in health and social psychology and behavioural medicine who convened to discuss priority issues in planning interventions in health contexts and develop a set of recommendations for future research and practice. The expert group adopted a nominal groups approach and voting system to elicit and structure priority issues in planning interventions and implementation intentions research. Forty-two priority issues identified in initial discussions were further condensed to 18 key issues, including definitions of planning and implementation intentions and 17 priority research areas. Each issue was subjected to voting for consensus among group members and formed the basis of the position statement and recommendations. Specifically, the expert group endorsed statements and recommendations in the following areas: generic definition of planning and specific definition of implementation intentions, recommendations for better testing of mechanisms, guidance on testing the effects of moderators of planning interventions, recommendations on the social aspects of planning interventions, identification of the preconditions that moderate effectiveness of planning interventions and recommendations for research on how people use plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin S Hagger
- a Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine, School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences , Curtin University , Perth , Australia.,b School of Applied Psychology and Menzies Health Institute Queensland , Griffith University , Brisbane , Australia.,c School of Human, Health and Social Sciences , Central Queensland University , Rockhampton , Australia.,d Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Department of Sport Sciences , University of Jyväskylä , Jyväskylä , Finland
| | - Aleksandra Luszczynska
- e University of Social Sciences and Humanities , Wroclaw , Poland.,f Trauma, Health, & Hazards Center , University of Colorado at Colorado Springs , Colorado Springs , USA
| | - John de Wit
- g Centre for Social Research in Health, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences , University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
| | - Yael Benyamini
- h Bob Shapell School of Social Work , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Silke Burkert
- i Institut für Medizinische Psychologie , Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Pier-Eric Chamberland
- j Département de psychologie , Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières , Trois-Rivières , Canada
| | - Angel Chater
- k School of Pharmacy, Centre for Behavioural Medicine, Department of Practice and Policy , University College London , London , UK
| | - Stephan U Dombrowski
- l School of Natural Sciences, Division of Psychology , University of Stirling , Stirling , UK
| | - Anne van Dongen
- m Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - David P French
- n School of Psychological Science , University of Manchester , Manchester , UK
| | - Aurelie Gauchet
- o Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Psychologie Personnalité, Cognition, et Changement Social , Université Grenoble Alpes , Grenoble , France
| | - Nelli Hankonen
- p Department of Social Research , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Maria Karekla
- q Department of Psychology , University of Cyprus , Nicosia , Cyprus
| | - Anita Y Kinney
- r Department of Internal Medicine , University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , USA
| | - Dominika Kwasnicka
- a Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine, School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences , Curtin University , Perth , Australia
| | - Siu Hing Lo
- s Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Health Behaviour Research Centre , University College London , London , UK
| | - Sofía López-Roig
- t Departamento de Psicología de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina , Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche , Elche , Spain
| | - Carine Meslot
- o Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Psychologie Personnalité, Cognition, et Changement Social , Université Grenoble Alpes , Grenoble , France
| | | | - Efrat Neter
- v Ruppin Academic Centre , Emek Hefer , Netanya , Israel
| | - Anne Marie Plass
- w Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (NIVEL) , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | | | - Laura Rennie
- y B-Research/Université Paris-Ouest Nanterre La Défense , Paris , France
| | - Urte Scholz
- z Department of Psychology, Applied Social Psychology , University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Gertraud Stadler
- aa Department of Psychology , Columbia University , New York , USA
| | - Elske Stolte
- ab Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences , VU Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Gill Ten Hoor
- ac Psychology and Neuroscience, Work and Social Psychology, Applied Social Psychology , Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Aukje Verhoeven
- ad Clinical & Health Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences , Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands.,ae Department of Clinical Psychology , University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Monika Wagner
- af Department of Medical Psychology , Medizinischen Universität Innsbruck , Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Gabriele Oettingen
- ag Department of Psychology , New York University , New York , USA.,ah Department of Psychology and Human Movement , University of Hamburg , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Paschal Sheeran
- ai Department of Psychology , University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill , USA
| | - Peter M Gollwitzer
- ag Department of Psychology , New York University , New York , USA.,aj Department of Psychology , University of Konstanz , Konstanz , Germany
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Hagger MS, Wong GG, Davey SR. A theory-based behavior-change intervention to reduce alcohol consumption in undergraduate students: trial protocol. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:306. [PMID: 25886281 PMCID: PMC4392782 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1648-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive alcohol consumption on single occasions among undergraduate students is a major health issue as research has shown this pattern of drinking to be related to maladaptive health and psychosocial outcomes. Brief, theory-based interventions targeting motivation and self-control as behavior-change techniques have been identified as effective means to reduce alcohol consumption, but few studies have examined the interactive effects of these components. The aim of the present study is to develop a brief theory-based intervention using motivational and self-control intervention techniques to reduce alcohol consumption in undergraduate students. METHODS/DESIGN The intervention will adopt a factorial design to test the main and interactive effects of the techniques on alcohol consumption. Using mental simulations and the strength model of self-control as the theoretical bases of the intervention, the study will adopt a fully randomized 2 (mental simulation: mental simulation vs. control irrelevant visualization exercise) × 2 (self-control training: challenging Stroop task vs. easy Stroop task) between-participants design. Non-abstinent undergraduate students aged 18 years or older will be eligible to participate in the study. Participants will complete an initial survey including self-reported alcohol consumption measures, measures of motivation and self- measures. Participants will be randomly allocated to receive either a mental simulation exercise presented in print format or a control irrelevant visualization exercise. Thereafter, participants will be randomly assigned to receive a challenging online self-control training exercise or an easy training exercise that has little self-control demand over the course of the next four weeks. Four weeks later participants will complete a follow-up alcohol consumption, motivation and self-control measures. DISCUSSION This study will provide the first evidence for the individual and interactive effects of motivational and self-control training techniques in an intervention to reduce alcohol consumption. It will also demonstrate the importance of adopting multiple theoretical perspectives and a factorial design to identify the unique and interactive impact of behavior-change techniques on health behavior. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial is registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12613000573752.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin S Hagger
- Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine Research Group, School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia.
| | - Ging Ging Wong
- Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine Research Group, School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia.
| | - Simon R Davey
- Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine Research Group, School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia.
- Department of Psychology, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom.
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Hattar A, Hagger MS, Pal S. Weight-loss intervention using implementation intentions and mental imagery: a randomised control trial study protocol. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:196. [PMID: 25879572 PMCID: PMC4363065 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1578-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity are major health problems worldwide. This protocol describes the HEALTHI (Healthy Eating and Active LifesTyle Health Intervention) Program, a 12-week randomised-controlled weight-loss intervention that adopts two theory-based intervention techniques, mental imagery and implementation intentions, a behaviour-change technique based on planning that have been shown to be effective in promoting health-behaviour change in previous research. The effectiveness of goal-reminder text messages to augment intervention effects will also be tested. The trial will determine the effects of a brief, low cost, theory-based weight-loss intervention to improve dietary intake and physical activity behaviour and facilitate weight-loss in overweight and obese individuals. METHODS/DESIGN Overweight or obese participants will be randomly allocated to one of three conditions: (1) a psycho-education plus an implementation intentions and mental imagery condition; (2) a psycho-education plus an implementation intentions and mental imagery condition with text messages; or (3) a psycho-education control condition. The intervention will be delivered via video presentation to increase the intervention's applicability in multiple contexts and keep costs low. We hypothesise that the intervention conditions will lead to statistically-significant changes in the primary and secondary outcome variables measured at 6 and 12 weeks post-intervention relative to the psycho-education control condition after controlling for baseline values. The primary outcome variable will be body weight and secondary outcome variables will be biomedical (body mass, body fat percentage, muscle mass, waist-hip circumference ratio, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, triglycerides, blood glucose and insulin levels), psychological (quality of life, motivation, risk perception, outcome expectancy, intention, action self-efficacy, maintenance self-efficacy, goal setting and planning), and behavioural (self-reported diet intake, and physical activity involvement) measures. We also expect the intervention condition augmented with text messages to lead to statistically significant differences in the primary and secondary outcome variables at the follow up periods after controlling for baseline values. DISCUSSION The planned trial will test the effectiveness of the theory-based HEALTHI program intervention to reduce weight and salient psychological, biomedical, and behavioural outcomes in overweight and obese adults. The study has been designed to maximise applicability to real world settings and could be integrated into existing weight management practices. TRIAL REGISTRATION ACTRN: ACTRN12613001274763. Registration date 19/11/2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Hattar
- Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine Research Group, School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, 6845, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Martin S Hagger
- Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine Research Group, School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, 6845, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Sebely Pal
- Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine Research Group, School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, 6845, Western Australia, Australia.
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Oh HJ, Larose R. Tell Me a Story About Healthy Snacking and I Will Follow: Comparing the Effectiveness of Self-Generated Versus Message-Aided Implementation Intentions on Promoting Healthy Snacking Habits Among College Students. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2014; 30:962-974. [PMID: 25256795 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2014.910289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the context of healthy snacking, this study examines whether the quality of mental imagery determines the effectiveness of combining the implementation intention (II) intervention with mental imagery. This study further explores whether providing narrative healthy snacking scenarios prior to forming an II enhances people's mental imagery experience when they are not motivated to snack healthfully. A 2 × 2 factorial design was employed to test the main effect of providing healthy snacking scenarios prior to II formation, and whether such effect depends on people's motivation level. The results from the experiment (N =148) showed significant main as well as interaction effects of the manipulation (with vs. without reading healthy snacking scenarios prior to II formation) and motivation level on ease and vividness of mental imagery. The regression model with the experiment and follow-up survey data (n = 128) showed a significant relationship between ease of mental imagery and actual snacking behavior after controlling for habit strength. The findings suggest that adding a narrative message to the II intervention can be useful, especially when the intervention involves mental imagery and invites less motivated people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Oh
- a Department of Advertising + Public Relations , Michigan State University
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Foster BJ, Pai A, Zhao H, Furth S. The TAKE-IT study: aims, design, and methods. BMC Nephrol 2014; 15:139. [PMID: 25176317 PMCID: PMC4236658 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2369-15-139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Effective interventions to improve immunosuppressive medication adherence among adolescent and young adult kidney transplant recipients are desperately needed. This paper describes the aims, design, and methods of the Teen Adherence in Kidney transplant, Effectiveness of Intervention Trial (TAKE-IT) study. Design and methods TAKE-IT is a multicentre, prospective, open-label, parallel arm randomized controlled trial that aims to determine the effectiveness of a clinic-based intervention, including educational, organizational, and behavioural components, in improving immunosuppressive medication adherence among adolescent and young adult kidney transplant recipients. Individuals between 11 and 24 years of age who are at least 3 months post-transplant and followed in one of the eight participating pediatric kidney transplant programs, or their affiliated adult transplant programs are eligible to participate. All participating centers are tertiary care pediatric hospitals in Canada or the United States. Adherence is monitored using an electronic multi-dose pillbox for all participants during a 3-month run-in period, followed by a 12-month intervention interval. The primary outcome is ‘taking adherence’, defined as the proportion of prescribed doses of immunosuppressive medications that were taken, as measured using electronic monitoring. All participants meet with the study ‘Coach’ at 3 month intervals. The intervention, administered by trained lay personnel, targets common adherence barriers. In addition to forming an Adherence Support Team, intervention participants identify personal barriers to adherence and use Action-focused problem-solving to address them, have their electronic adherence data fed back to them, and have the option to receive email, text message, or visual cue dose reminders. Participants in the control group meet with the coach but do not receive the other components of the intervention. The study aims to have 75 participants in each group complete the study. Discussion Since recruitment began in Feb. 2012, 198 adolescents have been approached to participate, of whom 130 have completed a baseline visit. As of March 31, 2014, 125 had been randomized, and 86, 68, 61, and 50 participants had completed 6-month, 9-month, 12-month, and 15-month visits respectively. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov registration
NCT01356277 (May 17, 2011).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany J Foster
- Montreal Children's Hospital, 2300 Tupper St, E-222, Montreal, Quebec H3H 1P3, Canada.
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Verhoeven AA, Adriaanse MA, de Vet E, Fennis BM, de Ridder DT. Identifying the ‘if’ for ‘if-then’ plans: Combining implementation intentions with cue-monitoring targeting unhealthy snacking behaviour. Psychol Health 2014; 29:1476-92. [DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2014.950658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Burkard C, Rochat L, Emmenegger J, Juillerat Van der Linden AC, Gold G, Van der Linden M. Implementation Intentions Improve Prospective Memory and Inhibition Performances in Older Adults: The Role of Visualization. APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.3046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Burkard
- Cognitive Psychopathology and Neuropsychology Unit; University of Geneva; 1204 Genève Switzerland
| | - Lucien Rochat
- Cognitive Psychopathology and Neuropsychology Unit; University of Geneva; 1204 Genève Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Affective Sciences; University of Geneva; 1205 Genève Switzerland
| | - Joëlle Emmenegger
- Memory Clinic; University Hospital of Geneva; 1227 Geneva Switzerland
| | - Anne-Claude Juillerat Van der Linden
- Cognitive Psychopathology and Neuropsychology Unit; University of Geneva; 1204 Genève Switzerland
- Memory Clinic; University Hospital of Geneva; 1227 Geneva Switzerland
| | - Gabriel Gold
- Memory Clinic; University Hospital of Geneva; 1227 Geneva Switzerland
| | - Martial Van der Linden
- Cognitive Psychopathology and Neuropsychology Unit; University of Geneva; 1204 Genève Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Affective Sciences; University of Geneva; 1205 Genève Switzerland
- Cognitive Psychology Unit; University of Liège; 4000 Liège Belgium
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Knäuper B, Ivanova E, Xu Z, Chamandy M, Lowensteyn I, Joseph L, Luszczynska A, Grover S. Increasing the effectiveness of the Diabetes Prevention Program through if-then plans: study protocol for the randomized controlled trial of the McGill CHIP Healthy Weight Program. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:470. [PMID: 24885388 PMCID: PMC4032631 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) is highly effective in promoting weight loss in overweight and obese individuals. However, one-on-one DPP sessions are costly. As a cost-saving alternative, a group version of the DPP, called Group Lifestyle Balance program (GLB), has been developed but has been shown to be less effective. The aim of this two-arm parallel randomized controlled trial is to increase the effectiveness of the GLB by integrating habit formation techniques, namely if-then plans and their mental practice, into the program. Methods/Design A total of 154 participants will be randomized to a standard or enriched GLB program. For the enriched GLB program, if-then plans and their mental practice will be integrated into the standard GLB program. Participants will be overweight or obese men and women (BMI of 28 to 45 kg/m2, waist circumference ≥ 88 for women, ≥ 102 for men, 18 to 75 years of age) who do less than 200 minutes of self-reported moderate or vigorous exercise per week. Measures will be completed at baseline, 3 months, post-intervention (12 months), and 12 months post-intervention (24 months). The primary outcome measure is weight loss at 3, 12, and 24 months. Secondary outcomes include percent reaching weight loss goal, physical activity at 3, 12, and 24 months, and weight-related risk factors (waist circumference, hemoglobin A1c, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol/HDL ratio). Standardized training of the life-style coaches, use of standardized manuals, and audio taping and reviewing of the sessions will ensure intervention fidelity. Discussion The study will provide evidence-based data on the effectiveness of an enhanced GLB intervention in promoting weight loss and in reducing weight-related risk factors for chronic health problems. Ethical clearance has been received from the Research Ethics and Compliance Board of the Faculty of Medicine Research and Graduate Studies Office at McGill University (Montreal, Canada). Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02008435. Registered 6 December 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bärbel Knäuper
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 1205 Dr, Penfield Avenue, Montreal H3A 1B1, QC, Canada.
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An Exploratory Study Comparing Goal-Oriented Mental Imagery with Daily To-Do Lists: Supporting College Student Success. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-013-9193-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Hagger MS, Luszczynska A. Implementation intention and action planning interventions in health contexts: state of the research and proposals for the way forward. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2013; 6:1-47. [PMID: 24591064 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the literature on two planning intervention techniques in health behaviour research, implementation intentions and action planning, and to develop evidence-based recommendations for effective future interventions and highlight priority areas for future research. We focused our review on four key areas: (1) definition and conceptualisation; (2) format and measurement; (3) mechanisms and processes; and (4) design issues. Overall, evidence supports the effectiveness of planning interventions in health behaviour with advantages including low cost and response burden. There is, however, considerable heterogeneity in the effects across studies and relatively few registered randomised trials that include objective behavioural measures. Optimally effective planning interventions should adopt "if-then" plans, account for salient and relevant cues, include examples of cues, be guided rather than user-defined, and include boosters. Future studies should adopt randomised controlled designs, report study protocols, include fidelity checks and relevant comparison groups, and adopt long-term behavioural follow-up measures. Priority areas for future research include the identification of the moderators and mediators of planning intervention effects. Future research also needs to adopt "best practice" components of planning interventions more consistently to elucidate the mechanisms and processes involved.
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Burkard C, Rochat L, Van der Linden M. Enhancing inhibition: how impulsivity and emotional activation interact with different implementation intentions. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2013; 144:291-7. [PMID: 23932998 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Implementation intentions, a strategy in which a strong link is created between a cue and a to-be-performed action, have been shown to be efficacious in improving self-regulation. The relative efficacy of verbal and visual implementation intentions, however, has yet to be determined. Implementation intentions have also been shown to be inefficacious in participants with high impulsivity, specifically in individuals who reported having a high tendency to commit rash or regrettable actions as a result of intense affect (high urgency). Nevertheless, previous studies did not assess whether the individuals were in an emotional context at the time of the experiment. In the current study, we compared different forms of implementation intentions (verbal/visual/combined verbal-visual) on a computerized inhibition task while assessing impulsivity and emotional activation. The results showed that all types of implementation intentions improved inhibition performances significantly in participants with high urgency, but only when their emotional activation was low. There was no difference between the three types of implementation intentions.
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Gibson B, Marcus RL, Staggers N, Jones J, Samore M, Weir C. Efficacy of a computerized simulation in promoting walking in individuals with diabetes. J Med Internet Res 2012; 14:e71. [PMID: 22576226 PMCID: PMC3799542 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.1965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular walking is a recommended but underused self-management strategy for individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). OBJECTIVE To test the impact of a simulation-based intervention on the beliefs, intentions, knowledge, and walking behavior of individuals with T2DM. We compared two versions of a brief narrated simulation. The experimental manipulation included two components: the presentation of the expected effect of walking on the glucose curve; and the completion of an action plan for walking over the next week. Primary hypotheses were (1) intervention participants' walking (minutes/week) would increase more than control participants' walking, and (2) change in outcome expectancies (beliefs) would be a function of the discrepancy between prior beliefs and those presented in the simulation. Secondary hypotheses were that, overall, behavioral intentions to walk in the coming week and diabetes-related knowledge would increase in both groups. METHODS Individuals were randomly assigned to condition. Preintervention measures included self-reported physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire [IPAQ] 7-day), theory of planned behavior-related beliefs, and knowledge (Diabetes Knowledge Test). During the narrated simulation we measured individuals' outcome expectancies regarding the effect of exercise on glucose with a novel drawing task. Postsimulation measures included theory of planned behavior beliefs, knowledge, and qualitative impressions of the narrated simulation. The IPAQ 7-day was readministered by phone 1 week later. We used a linear model that accounted for baseline walking to test the main hypothesis regarding walking. Discrepancy scores were calculated between the presented outcome and individuals' prior expectations (measured by the drawing task). A linear model with an interaction between intervention status and the discrepancy score was used to test the hypothesis regarding change in outcome expectancy. Pre-post changes in intention and knowledge were tested using paired t tests. RESULTS Of 65 participants, 33 were in the intervention group and 32 in the control group. We excluded 2 participants from analysis due to being extreme outliers in baseline walking. After adjustment for baseline difference in age and intentions between groups, intervention participants increased walking by 61.0 minutes/week (SE 30.5, t(58 = 1.9, )P = .05) more than controls. The proposed interaction between the presented outcome and the individual's prior beliefs was supported: after adjustment for baseline differences in age and intentions between groups, the coefficient for the interaction was -.25, (SE 0.07, t(57 = -3.2, )P < .01). On average participants in both groups improved significantly from baseline in intentions (mean difference 0.66, t(62 = 4.5, )P < .001) and knowledge (mean difference 0.38, t(62 = 2.4, )P = .02). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that a brief, Internet-ready, simulation-based intervention can improve knowledge, beliefs, intentions, and short-term behavior in individuals with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Gibson
- George E Whalen Salt Lake City Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, IDEAS center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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Schweiger Gallo I, Pfau F, Gollwitzer PM. Furnishing hypnotic instructions with implementation intentions enhances hypnotic responsiveness. Conscious Cogn 2012; 21:1023-30. [PMID: 22487594 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2012.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2011] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Forming implementation intentions has been consistently shown to be a powerful self-regulatory strategy. As the self-regulation of thoughts is important for the experience of involuntariness in the hypnotic context, investigating the effectiveness of implementation intentions on the suppression of thoughts was the focus of the present study. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four conditions (hypnotic instruction plus implementation intention, hypnotic instruction, implementation intention, and control condition). Results showed that participants who received information included in the "Carleton Skill Training Program" and in addition formed implementation intentions improved their hypnotic responsiveness as compared to all of the other three groups on measures of objective responding and involuntary responding. Thus, in line with the nonstate or cognitive social-psychological view of hypnosis stating that an individual's hypnotic suggestibility is not dispositional but modifiable, our results suggest that hypnotic responsiveness can be heightened by furnishing hypnotic instructions with ad hoc implementation intentions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Schweiger Gallo
- Departamento de Psicología Social, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología, Campus de Somosaguas, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain.
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Sherman DK, Gangi C, White ML. Embodied cognition and health persuasion: Facilitating intention–behavior consistency via motor manipulations. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2009.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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