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Li YY, Deligeer, Liu J, Shi K. Genome-wide identification and coexpression network analysis of heat shock protein superfamily in Apolygus lucorum. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 116:e22145. [PMID: 39183528 DOI: 10.1002/arch.22145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsp) function as crucial molecular chaperones, playing pivotal roles in insects' response to stress stimuli. Apolygus lucorum, known for its broad spectrum of host plants and significant crop damage potential, presents a compelling subject for understanding stress response mechanisms. Hsp is important for A. lucorum to tolerate temperature and insecticide stress and may be involved in the formation of resistance to the interactive effects of temperature and insecticide. Here, we employed comprehensive genomic approaches to identify Hsp superfamily members in its genome. In total, we identified 42 Hsp genes, including 3 Hsp90, 16 Hsp70, 13 Hsp60, and 10 Hsp20. Notably, we conducted motif analysis and gene structures for Hsp members, which suggested the same families are relatively conserved. Furthermore, leveraging the weighted gene coexpression network analysis, we observed diverse expression patterns of different Hsp types across various tissues, with certain Hsp70 showing tissue-specific bias. Noteworthy among the highly expressed Hsp genes was testis-specific, which may serve as a pivotal hub gene regulating the gene network. Our findings shed light on the molecular evolutionary dynamics and temperature stress response mechanisms of Hsp genes in A. lucorum, offering insights into its adaptive strategies and potential targets for pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Li
- College of Grassland Science, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Deligeer
- College of Grassland Science, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Grassland Science, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Kai Shi
- College of Grassland Science, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
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Xia X, Zhu F, Niu H, Pan L, Zheng Z, Pan L, Hoffmann AA, Fang J, Wang L. Constitutively expressed small heat shock protein LsHsp21.5 not only enhances heat tolerance but also helps to maintain reproduction in female Laodelphax striatellus. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 33:195-205. [PMID: 38183324 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Coping with stressful conditions and maintaining reproduction are two key biological processes that affect insect population dynamics. Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are involved in the stress response and the development of insects. The sHsp gene Laodelphax striatellus (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) sHsp 21.5 (LsHsp21.5) showed constitutive, stage- and organ-specific expression in L. striatellus, a pest that damages cultivated rice in east Asia. The expression of LsHsp21.5 was highest in the ovary, with 43.60, 12.99 and 1.45 time higher expression here than in the head, gut and female fat bodies, respectively. The expression of this gene was weakly affected by heat or cold shock. The gene provided in vitro protection against heat damage to malate dehydrogenase and in vivo protection against heat stress in Escherichia coli (Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae) BL21(DE3) and L. striatellus. Moreover, L. striatellus reproduction decreased by 1.85 times when the expression of LsHsp21.5 was inhibited by RNA interference. The expression of some genes related to reproduction, such as the homologous gene of chorion protein, also declined. These results suggest that LsHsp21.5 expression not only protects other proteins against stress but also helps maintain the stable expression of some reproduction-related genes under non-stressful conditions, with impacts on L. striatellus fecundity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Xia
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Jiangsu Plant Protection and Quarantine Station, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongtao Niu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Pan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhouting Zheng
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingyun Pan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Ary A Hoffmann
- Bio21 Institute, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jichao Fang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
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Zhang Y, Chang YW, Wang YC, Yan YQ, Du YZ. The small heat shock protein Hsp20.8 imparts tolerance to high temperatures in the leafminer fly, Liriomyza trifolii (Diptera: Agtomyzidae). BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2024; 114:230-236. [PMID: 38475984 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485324000026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
As an environmental factor, temperature impacts the distribution of species and influences interspecific competition. The molecular chaperones encoded by small heat shock proteins (sHsps) are essential for rapid, appropriate responses to environmental stress. This study focuses on Hsp20.8, which encodes a temperature-responsive sHsp in Liriomyza trifolii, an insect pest that infests both agricultural and ornamental crops. Hsp20.8 expression was highest at 39℃ in L. trifolii pupae and adults, and expression levels were greater in pupae than in adults. Recombinant Hsp20.8 was expressed in Escherichia coli and conferred a higher survival rate than the empty vector to bacterial cells exposed to heat stress. RNA interference experiments were conducted using L. trifolii adults and prepupae and the knockdown of Hsp20.8 expression increased mortality in L. trifolii during heat stress. The results expand our understanding of sHsp function in Liriomyza spp. and the ongoing adaptation of this pest to climate change. In addition, this study is also important for predicting the distribution of invasive species and proposing new prevention and control strategies based on temperature adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Wen Chang
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Qing Yan
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Zhou Du
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Pei T, Zhang M, Nwanade CF, Meng H, Bai R, Wang Z, Wang R, Zhang T, Liu J, Yu Z. Sequential expression of small heat shock proteins contributing to the cold response of Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:2061-2071. [PMID: 38117216 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Haemaphysalis longicornis is an important livestock pest and a serious threat to public health. Cold is a common form of stress affecting its survival and distribution. However, H. longicornis exhibits different physiological responses to cold stress. In this study, we systematically explored the regulation and functions of small heat shock proteins (sHsps) in H. longicornis during cold stress. RESULTS Seven sHsp genes (HlsHsp14.9, HlsHsp19.9, HlsHsp20.3, HlsHsp21.4, HlsHsp23.7, HlsHsp24.0, and HlsHsp26.1) with open reading frame lengths ranging from 408 bp (HlsHsp14.9) to 673 bp (HlsHsp26.1) were cloned from H. longicornis, and featured the typical α-crystallin domain. Phylogenetic analysis revealed high similarity with the sHsps of arachnid species. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that the regulation of sHsp genes depended on the severity and duration of cold treatment. Moreover, the relative expression of each gene was largely dependent on the treatment period (P < 0.01; 3, 6, and 9 days of treatment at 8, 4, 0, and -4 °C). Among all genes, HlsHsp14.9, HlsHsp19.9, HlsHsp20.3, and HlsHsp24.0 were most sensitive to rapid cold treatment. After RNA interference, the mortality of H. longicornis was significantly increased at -14 °C (P < 0.05), suggesting that the expression of sHsp genes is closely related to cold tolerance in H. longicornis. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that sHsps play an important role in the cold stress response of H. longicornis, which may enhance our understanding of the cold adaptation mechanisms in ticks. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingwei Pei
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chuks F Nwanade
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hao Meng
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ruwei Bai
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ruotong Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tianai Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jingze Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhijun Yu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Zhao S, Liu Y, Li H, Li Z, Hao D. Spatiotemporal Patterns of Five Small Heat Shock Protein Genes in Hyphantria cunea in Response to Thermal Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15176. [PMID: 37894858 PMCID: PMC10606853 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyphantria cunea (Drury), a destructive polyphagous pest, has been spreading southward after invading northern China, which indicates that this insect species is facing a huge thermal challenge. Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) function as ATP-independent molecular chaperones that protect insects from heat stress damage. In order to explore the role of sHSPs in the thermotolerance of H. cunea, five novel sHSP genes of H. cunea were cloned, including an orthologous gene (HcHSP21.4) and four species-specific sHSP genes (HcHSP18.9, HcHSP20.1, HcHSP21.5, and HcHSP29.8). Bioinformatics analysis showed that the proteins encoded by these five HcHSPs contained typical α-crystallin domains. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed the ubiquitous expression of all HcHSPs across all developmental stages of H. cunea, with the highest expression levels in pupae and adults. Four species-specific HcHSPs were sensitive to high temperatures. The expression levels of HcHSPs were significantly up-regulated under heat stress and increased with increasing temperature. The expression levels of HcHSPs in eggs exhibited an initial up-regulation in response to a temperature of 40 °C. In other developmental stages, the transcription of HcHSPs was immediately up-regulated at 30 °C or 35 °C. HcHSPs transcripts were abundant in the cuticle before and after heat shock. The expression of HcHSP21.4 showed weak responses to heat stress and constitutive expression in the tissues tested. These results suggest that most of the HcHSPs are involved in high-temperature response and may also have functions in the normal development and reproduction of H. cunea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyue Zhao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (H.L.); (Z.L.)
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yukun Liu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (H.L.); (Z.L.)
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Hui Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (H.L.); (Z.L.)
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zichun Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (H.L.); (Z.L.)
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Dejun Hao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (H.L.); (Z.L.)
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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6
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Liang C, Li L, Zhao H, Lan M, Tang Y, Zhang M, Qin D, Wu G, Gao X. Identification and expression analysis of heat shock protein family genes of gall fly (Procecidochares utilis) under temperature stress. Cell Stress Chaperones 2023; 28:303-320. [PMID: 37071342 PMCID: PMC10167091 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-023-01338-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSP) are molecular chaperones involved in many normal cellular processes and environmental stresses. At the genome-wide level, there were no reports on the diversity and phylogeny of the heat shock protein family in Procecidochares utilis. In this study, 43 HSPs were identified from the genome of P. utilis, including 12 small heat shock proteins (sHSPs), 23 heat shock protein 40 (DNAJs), 6 heat shock protein 70 (HSP70s), and 2 heat shock protein 90 (HSP90s). The characteristics of these candidates HSP genes were analyzed by BLAST, and then phylogenetic analysis was carried out. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to analyze the spatiotemporal expression patterns of sHSPs and HSP70s in P. utilis after temperature stress. Results showed that most sHSPs could be induced under heat stress during the adult stage of P. utilis, while a few HSP70s could be induced at the larval stage. This study provides an information framework for the HSP family of P. utilis. Moreover, it lays an important foundation for a better understanding of the role of HSP in the adaptability of P. utilis to various environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liang
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201 China
| | - Lifang Li
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201 China
| | - Hang Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201 China
| | - Mingxian Lan
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201 China
| | - Yongyu Tang
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201 China
| | - Man Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201 China
| | - Deqiang Qin
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201 China
| | - Guoxing Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201 China
| | - Xi Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201 China
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Quan G, Duan J, Fick W, Candau JN. Expression of the gonad-specific small heat shock protein, CfHSP20.2, in the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.). J Therm Biol 2023; 112:103463. [PMID: 36796908 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) play important roles in insect development and stress resistance. However, the in vivo functions and mechanisms of action remain largely unknown or unclear for most members of the sHSPs in insects. This study investigated the expression of CfHSP20.2 in the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) under normal and heat-stress conditions. Under normal conditions, CfHSP20.2 transcript and protein were highly and constantly expressed in the testes of male larvae, pupae and young adults and in the ovaries of female late-stage pupae and adults. After adult eclosion, CfHSP20.2 remained highly and almost constantly expressed in the ovaries, but in contrast, was downregulated in the testes. Upon heat stress, CfHSP20.2 was upregulated in the gonads and non-gonadal tissues in both sexes. These results indicate that CfHSP20.2 expression is gonad-specific and heat-inducible. This provides evidence that the CfHSP20.2 protein plays important roles during reproductive development under normal environmental conditions, while under heat-stress conditions, it may also enhance the thermal tolerance of the gonads and non-gonadal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxing Quan
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, P6A 2E5, Canada.
| | - Jun Duan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - William Fick
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, P6A 2E5, Canada
| | - Jean-Noël Candau
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, P6A 2E5, Canada
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Dong CL, Feng Z, Lu MX, Du YZ. Chilo suppressalis heat shock proteins are regulated by heat shock factor 1 during heat stress. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 32:69-78. [PMID: 36279182 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) functions to maintain cellular and organismal homeostasis by regulating the expression of target genes, including those encoding heat shock proteins (HSPs). In the present study, the gene encoding HSF1 was cloned from the rice pest Chilo suppressalis, and designated Cshsf1. The deduced protein product, CsHSF1, contained conserved domains typical of the HSF1 family, including a DNA-binding domain, two hydrophobic heptad repeat domains, and a C-terminal transactivation domain. Real-time quantitative PCR showed that Cshsf1 was highly expressed in hemocytes. Expression analysis in different developmental stages of C. suppressalis revealed that Cshsf1 was most highly expressed in male adults. RNAi-mediated silencing of Cshsf1 expression reduced C. suppressalis survival at high temperatures. To investigate the regulatory interactions between Cshsf1 and Cshsps, the promoters and expression patterns of 18 identified Cshsps in C. suppressalis were analysed; four types of heat shock elements (HSEs) were identified in promoter regions including canonical, tail-tail, head-head, and step/gap. The expression of Cshsp19.0, Cshsp21.7B, Cshsp60, Cshsp70 and Cshsp90 was positively regulated by Cshsf1; however, Cshsp22.8, Cshsp702, Cshsp705 and Cshsp706 gene expression was not altered. This study provides a foundation for future studies of HSF1 in insects during thermal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Lei Dong
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhu Feng
- Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming-Xing Lu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Zhou Du
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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9
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Liu Z, Zhang S, Zhu Y, Jing T, Su H, Hu J, Jiang X, Yang Y. Reproduction Evaluation and Transcription Analysis of Aphis gossypii under Various Photoperiods. INSECTS 2022; 13:1105. [PMID: 36555015 PMCID: PMC9787806 DOI: 10.3390/insects13121105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera, Aphidoidae) is a polyphagous pest, whose complex phenotypic form, combined with its high fecundity and short reproductive cycle, has caused serious economic losses to agriculture worldwide. Photoperiod plays an important role in the reproduction of aphids. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its response to seasonal photoperiodic changes are not known. In this study, the effects of different photoperiod treatments (8 L:16 D, 10 L:14 D, 12 L:12 D and 14 L:10 D) on A. gossypii reproduction in the first, third, and fifth generations at low temperatures were investigated. Then, transcriptome sequencing analysis was performed after the fifth generation of A. gossypii, exposed to different photoperiods (8 L:16 D and 12 L:12 D), using high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that (I) the effect of photoperiod on aphids was gradually evident with increasing exposure generations. In general, daylight extension help the A. gossypii to reproduce with the optimum photoperiod of L:D 12:12. (II) The transcriptome analysis results showed that 170 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (123 downregulated and 47 upregulated genes) were identified between aphids under 8 h daylight and 12 h daylight. (III) Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs involved in "proteolysis", "metabolic process", "peptidase activity" and "structural molecule activity" were significantly enriched; Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that there were more DEGs in "Longevity regulating pathway-multiple species", "Lysosome", "Endocytosis", "Spliceosome" and "Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum". (IV) Ten related genes were chosen for validation of statistical analysis based on RNA-Seq by the reverse transcription quantitative (RT-qPCR). The comparison was consistent with the expression pattern and supported the accuracy and reliability of RNA-Seq. In summary, the genes involved in these pathways play an important role in the reproduction of A. gossypii under photoperiodical changes. These will contribute to the sustainable management of cotton aphids through the disruption of their reproduction by the method of RNA interference in the future.
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Ruan HY, Meng JY, Yang CL, Zhou L, Zhang CY. Identification of Six Small Heat Shock Protein Genes in Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Analysis of Their Expression Patterns in Response to Environmental Stressors. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2022; 22:7. [PMID: 36469365 PMCID: PMC9721345 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieac069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée) is a major insect pest in maize production that is highly adaptable to the environment. Small heat shock proteins (sHsps) are a class of chaperone proteins that play an important role in insect responses to various environmental stresses. The present study aimed to clarify the responses of six O. furnacalis sHsps to environmental stressors. In particular, we cloned six sHsp genes, namely, OfHsp24.2, OfHsp21.3, OfHsp20.7, OfHsp21.8, OfHsp29.7, and OfHsp19.9, from O. furnacalis. The putative proteins encoded by these genes contained a typical α-crystallin domain. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze the differences in the expression of these genes at different developmental stages, in different tissues of male and female adults, and in O. furnacalis under UV-A and extreme temperature stresses. The six OfsHsp genes were expressed at significantly different levels based on the developmental stage and tissue type in male and female adults. Furthermore, all OfsHsp genes were significantly upregulated in both male and female adults under extreme temperature and UV-A stresses. Thus, O. furnacalis OfsHsp genes play important and unique regulatory roles in the developmental stages of the insect and in response to various environmental stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yun Ruan
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Yu Meng
- Guizhou Tobacco Science Research Institute, Guiyang, Guizhou 550081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chang-Li Yang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lv Zhou
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, People’s Republic of China
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Yuan JW, Song HX, Chang YW, Yang F, Xie HF, Gong WR, Du YZ. Identification, expression analysis and functional verification of two genes encoding small heat shock proteins in the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 211:74-84. [PMID: 35561856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) help prevent the irreversible aggregation of denatured proteins that occurs in response to organismal stress. In this study, we identified two intron-free genes encoding sHSPs from Frankliniella occidentalis; these were designated FoHSP11.6 and FoHSP28.0 and belonged to an atypical and typical sHSP family, respectively. Both FoHSPs were transcribed in all developmental stages of F. occidentalis with the highest expression levels in pupae and adults and greater expression in males than females. Although the FoHSPs had different temperature-induced expression profiles, they were generally induced by both low and high temperatures and reached maximal expression levels after 0.5-1 h of temperature stress. The FoHSPs expression levels in pupae were induced by drought and high humidity, and higher expression levels were correlated with lower survival rates. The thermotolerance of F. occidentalis decreased when theFoHSPs were silenced by RNA interference. Our results show that FoHSP11.6 and FoHSP28.0 are involved in the response to temperature and drought and may also function in growth and development of F. occidentalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wen Yuan
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hai-Xia Song
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ya-Wen Chang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Hong-Fang Xie
- Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Wei-Rong Gong
- Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210036, China
| | - Yu-Zhou Du
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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12
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Miano FN, Jiang T, Zhang J, Zhang WN, Peng Y, Xiao HJ. Identification and up-regulation of three small heat shock proteins in summer and winter diapause in response to temperature stress in Pieris melete. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:1144-1154. [PMID: 35461858 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are conserved proteins that play key roles in organismal adaptation to adversity stressors. However, little is known about sHSPs during summer diapause. Three sHSP genes: PmHSP19.5, PmHSP19.9, and PmHSP20.0 were identified and cloned from Pieris melete. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the three sHSPs have a typical, conserved α-crystallin domain. PmHSP19.5 and PmHSP20.0 were both upregulated in summer diapause (SD) and winter diapause (WD), compared to non-diapause (ND) pupae. All three sHSPs were upregulated and showed similar trends in response to thermal stress. The 0 °C chilling treatment slightly affected sHSP transcripts in ND pupae, whereas both PmHSP19.5 and PmHSP19.9 were upregulated and PmHSP20.0 was downregulated after chilling at 0 °C for 24-96 h in both SD and WD pupae. The transcripts of PmHSP19.5 and PmHSP19.9 were significantly induced at 31 °C for 30 d in SD and WD pupae. The PmHSP20.0 transcript gradually decreased during the SD and WD programs. This is the first time that sHSPs have been linked to both overwintering and summer diapause processes. These findings suggest that sHSPs are involved in both summer and winter diapause maintenance and play a possible key role in temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falak Naz Miano
- Institute of Entomology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Ting Jiang
- Institute of Entomology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Entomology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Wan-Na Zhang
- Institute of Entomology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yingchuan Peng
- Institute of Entomology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
| | - Hai-Jun Xiao
- Institute of Entomology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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13
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Bai J, Wang YC, Liu YC, Chang YW, Liu XN, Gong WR, Du YZ. Isolation of two new genes encoding heat shock protein 70 in Bemisia tabaci and analysis during thermal stress. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:933-940. [PMID: 34728307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The heat shock protein 70 family (HSP70) is among the most varied HSP family with respect to structure and function. The phloem-feeding insect Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is an important pest of cotton, vegetables and ornamentals that transmits several plant viruses and causes enormous agricultural losses. In this study, two new HSP70 genes (Bthsp70-2 and Bthsp70-3) were isolated from the MED cryptic species B. tabaci, an important phloem-feeding pest of vegetables and ornamentals. Bthsp70-2 and Bthsp70-3 encoded proteins comprised of 652 and 676 amino acids, and the deduced proteins were closely related to other HSP70s in Hemiptera. Expression analyses using real-time quantitative PCR indicated that Bthsp70-2 and Bthsp70-3 were induced in B. tabaci pupae and adults during high and low thermal stress. Bthsp70-2 and Bthsp70-3 exhibited similar, but not identical, expression patterns when exposed to different durations of high temperature stress. Oral ingestion of dsBthsp70 reduced the expression level of Bthsp70-2 and Bthsp70-3 in B. tabaci and increased the mortality of B. tabaci during heat shock. In conclusion, Bthsp70-2 and Bthsp70-3 exhibit different expression patterns during thermal stress, thus expanding the roles of HSPs in B. tabaci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Bai
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Wang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yun-Cai Liu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ya-Wen Chang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiao-Na Liu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wei-Rong Gong
- Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 21003, China
| | - Yu-Zhou Du
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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14
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Chang YW, Wang YC, Zhang XX, Iqbal J, Lu MX, Du YZ. Transcriptional regulation of small heat shock protein genes by heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) in Liriomyza trifolii under heat stress. Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:835-843. [PMID: 34337672 PMCID: PMC8492843 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-021-01224-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) function as molecular chaperones in multiple physiological processes and are active during thermal stress. sHSP expression is controlled by heat shock transcription factor (HSF); however, few studies have been conducted on HSF in agricultural pests. Liriomyza trifolii is an introduced insect pest of horticultural and vegetable crops in China. In this study, the master regulator, HSF1, was cloned and characterized from L. trifolii, and the expression levels of HSF1 and five sHSPs were studied during heat stress. HSF1 expression in L. trifolii generally decreased with rising temperatures, whereas expression of the five sHSPs showed an increasing trend that correlated with elevated temperatures. All five sHSPs and HSF1 showed an upward trend in expression with exposure to 40 ℃ without a recovery period. When a recovery period was incorporated after thermal stress, the expression patterns of HSF1 and sHSPs in L. trifolii exposed to 40 °C was significantly lower than expression with no recovery period. To elucidate potential interactions between HSF1 and sHSPs, double-stranded RNA was synthesized to knock down HSF1 in L. trifolii by RNA interference. The knockdown of HSF1 by RNAi decreased the survival rate and expression of HSP19.5, HSP20.8, and HSP21.3 during high-temperature stress. This study expands our understanding of HSF1-regulated gene expression in L. trifolii exposed to heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen Chang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Wang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Xiang Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Junaid Iqbal
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Xing Lu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Zhou Du
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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15
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Characterization and functional analysis of Cshsp19.0 encoding a small heat shock protein in Chilo suppressalis (Walker). Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 188:924-931. [PMID: 34352319 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) function as ATP-independent chaperones that preserve cellular proteostasis under stressful conditions. In this study, Cshsp19.0, which encodes a new small heat shock protein, was isolated and characterized from Chilo suppressalis (Walker) to better understand the contribution of sHSPs to insect development and stress tolerance. The full-length Cshsp19.0 cDNA was 697 bp and encoded a 19.0 kDa protein with an isoelectric point of 5.95. Phylogenetic analysis and amino acid alignments indicated that Cshsp19.0 is a member of the sHSP family. Cshsp19.0 was expressed at maximal levels in foreguts and showed the least amount of expression in fat bodies. Expression analysis in different developmental stages of C. suppressalis revealed that Cshsp19.0 was most highly expressed in 1st instar larvae. Furthermore, Cshsp19.0 was upregulated when insects were exposed to heat and cold stress for a 2-h period. There were significant differences in the male and female pupae in response to humidity; Cshsp19.0 expression increased in male pupae as RH increased, whereas the inverse pattern was observed in female pupae. Larvae exhibited a lower rate of survival when Cshsp19.0 was silenced by a nanomaterial-promoted RNAi method. The results confirm that Cshsp19.0 functions to increase environmental stress tolerance and regulates physiological activities in C. suppressalis.
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16
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Yang CL, Meng JY, Zhou L, Yao MS, Zhang CY. Identification of five small heat shock protein genes in Spodoptera frugiperda and expression analysis in response to different environmental stressors. Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:527-539. [PMID: 33609257 PMCID: PMC8065089 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-021-01198-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) is a highly adaptable polyphagous migratory pest in tropical and subtropical regions. Small heat shock proteins (sHsps) are molecular chaperones that play important roles in the adaptation to various environment stressors. The present study aimed to clarify the response mechanisms of S. frugiperda to various environmental stressors. We obtained five S. furcifera sHsp genes (SfsHsp21.3, SfsHsp20, SfsHsp20.1, SfsHsp19.3, and SfsHsp29) via cloning. The putative proteins encoded by these genes contained a typical α-crystallin domain. The expression patterns of these genes during different developmental stages, in various tissues of male and female adults, as well as in response to extreme temperatures and UV-A stress were studied via real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that the expression levels of all five SfsHsp genes differed among the developmental stages as well as among the different tissues of male and female adults. The expression levels of most SfsHsp genes under extreme temperatures and UV-A-induced stress were significantly upregulated in both male and female adults. In contrast, those of SfsHsp20.1 and SfsHsp19.3 were significantly downregulated under cold stress in male adults. Therefore, the different SfsHsp genes of S. frugiperda play unique regulatory roles during development as well as in response to various environmental stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Li Yang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Yu Meng
- Guizhou Tobacco Science Research Institute, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550081, People's Republic of China
| | - Lv Zhou
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Shuang Yao
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Yu Zhang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Samanta S, Barman M, Chakraborty S, Banerjee A, Tarafdar J. Involvement of small heat shock proteins (sHsps) in developmental stages of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda and its expression pattern under abiotic stress condition. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06906. [PMID: 33997419 PMCID: PMC8105634 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda a recent invasive pest in India is reported to cause significant damage by feeding voraciously on maize and other economic crops from tropical to temperate provinces. It is becoming an arduous challenge to control the pest as it can survive in a wide range of temperature conditions and is already said to develop resistance towards certain insecticides. The small Heat shock proteins (hereafter, sHsps) are known to play an important role in adaptation of insects under such stress conditions. Our present study involved characterization of the three sHsps genes (sHsp19.74, sHsp20.7 and sHsp19.07) which encoded proteins of about 175, 176 and 165 amino acids with a conserved α-crystalline domain. Phylogenetic analysis of deduced amino acid sequences of the three genes showed strong similarity with the other lepidopteran sHsps. The effect of different growth stages on the expression profile of these stress proteins has also been studied and the Quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that the transcript level of sHsp19.07 and sHsp20.7 were significantly upregulated under extreme heat (44 °C) and cold (5 °C) stress. However, sHsp19.74 responded only to heat treatment but not to the cold treatment. In addition, the expression profile of all three sHsps was significantly lower in the larval stage (5th instar). Chlorantraniliprole treatment resulted in maximum expression of sHsp19.07 and sHsp20.7 after 12hr of exposure to the insecticide. Meanwhile, the same expression was observed after 8hr of exposure in case of sHsp19.74. These results proved that the sHsp genes of S. frugiperda were induced and modulated in response to abiotic stress, thus influencing the physiological function leading to survival of FAW in diversified climate in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snigdha Samanta
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, B.C.K.V, West Bengal, India
| | - Mritunjoy Barman
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, B.C.K.V, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Amitava Banerjee
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, B.C.K.V, West Bengal, India
| | - Jayanta Tarafdar
- Department of Plant Pathology, B.C.K.V, Nadia, West Bengal, India.,Directorate of Research, B.C.K.V, Kalyani, 741235, India
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18
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Molecular Characterization of Heat-Induced HSP11.0 and Master-Regulator HSF from Cotesia chilonis and Their Consistent Response to Heat Stress. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12040322. [PMID: 33916570 PMCID: PMC8066536 DOI: 10.3390/insects12040322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are members of the heat shock protein (HSP) family that play an important role in heat stress, and heat shock factors (HSFs) are transcriptional activators that mainly regulate the expression of HSPs. Cotesia chilonis, the major endoparasitoid of Chilo suppressalis, widely distributes in China and other Asian regions. Previous studies have shown that C. chilonis has a certain thermal tolerance. Here, heat-induced HSP11.0 and master-regulator HSF were cloned and characterized from C. chilonis. The transcription patterns of them in response to different temperatures and time course after temperature treatment were analyzed. This study is the first report on the analysis on hsf gene of C. chilonis. The results of expression patterns will provide new insights into thermoregulation of C. chilonis in response to climate change. Abstract Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are members of the heat shock protein (HSP) family that play an important role in temperature stress, and heat shock factors (HSFs) are transcriptional activators that regulate HSP expression. Cotesia chilonis, the major endoparasitoid of Chilo suppressalis, modulates the C. suppressalis population in the field. In this study, we cloned and characterized two genes from C.chilonis: the heat-induced HSP11.0 gene (Cchsp11.0) that consisted of a 306-bp ORF, and the master regulator HSF (Cchsf) containing an 1875-bp ORF. CcHSP11.0 contained a chaperonin cpn10 signature motif that is conserved in other hymenopteran insects. CcHSF is a typical HSF and contains a DNA-binding domain, two hydrophobic heptad repeat domains, and a C-terminal trans-activation domain. Neither Cchsp11.0 or Cchsf contain introns. Real-time quantitative PCR revealed that Cchsp11.0 and Cchsf were highly induced at 36 °C and 6 °C after a 2-h exposure. Overall, the induction of Cchsf was lower than Cchsp11.0 at low temperatures, whereas the opposite was true at high temperatures. In conclusion, both Cchsp11.0 and Cchsf are sensitive to high and low temperature stress, and the expression pattern of the two genes were positively correlated during temperature stress.
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19
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Xu Y, Li Y, Wang Q, Zheng C, Zhao D, Shi F, Liu X, Tao J, Zong S. Identification of key genes associated with overwintering in Anoplophora glabripennis larva using gene co-expression network analysis. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:805-816. [PMID: 32909651 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is a major quarantine pest in forestry. It is widely distributed throughout many regions such as Asia, Europe, and North America, and has enormous destructive potential for forests. The larvae of A. glabripennis overwinter in a dormant state with strong cold tolerance, and whether the larvae survive winter determines the population density in the following year. However, the molecular mechanisms of this process are not clear. RESULTS RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis of A. glabripennis larvae at five overwintering stages identified 6876 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Among these, 46 functional genes that might respond to low temperature were identified. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis revealed that the MEturquoise module was correlated with the overwintering process. The STPK, PP2A, DGAT, and HSF genes were identified as hub genes using visualization of gene network. In addition, four genes related to sugar transport, gluconeogenesis and glycosylation were screened, which may be involved in the metabolic regulation of overwintering larvae. The protein-protein interaction network indicated that ribosomal protein and ATP synthase may play an important role in connecting with other proteins. The expression levels of fifteen hub genes were further validated by quantitative RT-PCR, and the results were consistent with RNA-Seq. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates key genes that may reveal the molecular mechanism of overwintering in A. glabripennis larvae. The genes may be the potential targets to prevent larvae from surviving the cold winter by developing new biological agents using genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for the Control of Forest Pests, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yurong Li
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for the Control of Forest Pests, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for the Control of Forest Pests, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunchun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for the Control of Forest Pests, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongfang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for the Control of Forest Pests, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengming Shi
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for the Control of Forest Pests, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhai Liu
- Ulanqab Municipal Bureau of Parks, Ulanqab, China
| | - Jing Tao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for the Control of Forest Pests, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Shixiang Zong
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for the Control of Forest Pests, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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20
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Functional analysis of a novel orthologous small heat shock protein (shsp) hsp21.8a and seven species-specific shsps in Tribolium castaneum. Genomics 2020; 112:4474-4485. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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21
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Li HB, Dai CG, Hu Y. Characterization and expression analysis of genes encoding three small heat shock proteins in the oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata (Walker). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235912. [PMID: 32776931 PMCID: PMC7417081 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHsps) function in the response of insects to abiotic
stress; however, their role in response to biotic stress has been
under-investigated. Mythimna separata, the oriental armyworm,
is polyphenetic and exhibits gregarious and solitary phases in response to high
and low population density, respectively. In this study, three genes were
identified encoding sHsps, namely
MsHsp19.7,
MsHsp19.8 and
MsHsp21.4, and expression levels in
solitary and gregarious M. separata were
compared. The deduced protein sequences of the three MsHsps had
molecular weights of 19.7, 19.8 and 21.4 kDa, respectively, and contained a
conserved α-crystalline domain. Real-time PCR analyses revealed that the three
sHsps were transcribed in all developmental stages and were
dramatically up-regulated at the 6th larval stage in gregarious
individuals. Expression of the three MsHsps was variable in
different tissues of 6th instar larvae, but exhibited consistent up-
and down-regulation in the hindgut and Malpighian tubules of gregarious
individuals, respectively. In addition,
MsHsp19.7 and
MsHsp19.8 were significantly induced when
solitary forms were subjected to crowding for 36 h, but all three
MsHsps were down-regulated when gregarious forms were
isolated. Our findings suggest that population density functions as a stress
factor and impacts MsHsps expression in M.
separata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bo Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guizhou Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Chang-Geng Dai
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guizhou Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guizhou Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
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22
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Transcriptome analysis of Liriomyza trifolii (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in response to temperature stress. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2020; 34:100677. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2020.100677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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González-Tokman D, Córdoba-Aguilar A, Dáttilo W, Lira-Noriega A, Sánchez-Guillén RA, Villalobos F. Insect responses to heat: physiological mechanisms, evolution and ecological implications in a warming world. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:802-821. [PMID: 32035015 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Surviving changing climate conditions is particularly difficult for organisms such as insects that depend on environmental temperature to regulate their physiological functions. Insects are extremely threatened by global warming, since many do not have enough physiological tolerance even to survive continuous exposure to the current maximum temperatures experienced in their habitats. Here, we review literature on the physiological mechanisms that regulate responses to heat and provide heat tolerance in insects: (i) neuronal mechanisms to detect and respond to heat; (ii) metabolic responses to heat; (iii) thermoregulation; (iv) stress responses to tolerate heat; and (v) hormones that coordinate developmental and behavioural responses at warm temperatures. Our review shows that, apart from the stress response mediated by heat shock proteins, the physiological mechanisms of heat tolerance in insects remain poorly studied. Based on life-history theory, we discuss the costs of heat tolerance and the potential evolutionary mechanisms driving insect adaptations to high temperatures. Some insects may deal with ongoing global warming by the joint action of phenotypic plasticity and genetic adaptation. Plastic responses are limited and may not be by themselves enough to withstand ongoing warming trends. Although the evidence is still scarce and deserves further research in different insect taxa, genetic adaptation to high temperatures may result from rapid evolution. Finally, we emphasize the importance of incorporating physiological information for modelling species distributions and ecological interactions under global warming scenarios. This review identifies several open questions to improve our understanding of how insects respond physiologically to heat and the evolutionary and ecological consequences of those responses. Further lines of research are suggested at the species, order and class levels, with experimental and analytical approaches such as artificial selection, quantitative genetics and comparative analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel González-Tokman
- CONACYT, CDMX, 03940, Mexico.,Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología A. C, Xalapa, 91073, Mexico
| | - Alex Córdoba-Aguilar
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Circuito exterior s/n Ciudad Universitaria, CDMX, 04510, Mexico
| | - Wesley Dáttilo
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología A. C, Xalapa, 91073, Mexico
| | - Andrés Lira-Noriega
- CONACYT, CDMX, 03940, Mexico.,Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C, Xalapa, 91073, Mexico
| | | | - Fabricio Villalobos
- Red de Biología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología A. C, Xalapa, 91073, Mexico
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Ma W, Zhao X, Yin C, Jiang F, Du X, Chen T, Zhang Q, Qiu L, Xu H, Joe Hull J, Li G, Sung W, Li F, Lin Y. A chromosome‐level genome assembly reveals the genetic basis of cold tolerance in a notorious rice insect pest,
Chilo suppressalis. Mol Ecol Resour 2019; 20:268-282. [DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement National Centre of Plant Gene ResearchHuazhong Agricultural University Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Xianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests Institute of Insect Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Chuanlin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests Institute of Insect Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Fan Jiang
- College of Informatics Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Xiaoyong Du
- College of Informatics Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Taiyu Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement National Centre of Plant Gene ResearchHuazhong Agricultural University Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement National Centre of Plant Gene ResearchHuazhong Agricultural University Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Lin Qiu
- College of Plant Protection Hunan Agricultural University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - J. Joe Hull
- Department of Agriculture U.S. Agricultural Research Service U.S. Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Maricopa AZ USA
| | - Guoliang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement National Centre of Plant Gene ResearchHuazhong Agricultural University Wuhan Hubei China
- College of Informatics Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Wing‐Kin Sung
- College of Informatics Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan Hubei China
- Department of Computer Science National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology Genome Institute of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests Institute of Insect Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Yongjun Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement National Centre of Plant Gene ResearchHuazhong Agricultural University Wuhan Hubei China
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25
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Chang YW, Zhang XX, Lu MX, Du YZ, Zhu-Salzman K. Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Small Heat Shock Protein Genes in the Invasive Leaf Miner Fly, Liriomyza trifolii. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10100775. [PMID: 31623413 PMCID: PMC6826454 DOI: 10.3390/genes10100775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) comprise numerous proteins with diverse structure and function. As molecular chaperones, they play essential roles in various biological processes, especially under thermal stresses. In this study, we identified three sHSP-encoding genes, LtHSP19.5, LtHSP20.8 and LtHSP21.7b from Liriomyza trifolii, an important insect pest of ornamental and vegetable crops worldwide. Putative proteins encoded by these genes all contain a conserved α-crystallin domain that is typical of the sHSP family. Their expression patterns during temperature stresses and at different insect development stages were studied by reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). In addition, the expression patterns were compared with those of LtHSP21.3 and LtHSP21.7, two previously published sHSPs. When pupae were exposed to temperatures ranging from −20 to 45 °C for 1 h, all LtsHSPs were strongly induced by either heat or cold stresses, but the magnitude was lower under the low temperature range than high temperatures. Developmentally regulated differential expression was also detected, with pupae and prepupae featuring the highest expression of sHSPs. Results suggest that LtsHSPs play a role in the development of the invasive leaf miner fly and may facilitate insect adaptation to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen Chang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Xiao-Xiang Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Ming-Xing Lu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Yu-Zhou Du
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Keyan Zhu-Salzman
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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26
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Bai J, Liu XN, Lu MX, Du YZ. Characterization of genes encoding small heat shock proteins from Bemisia tabaci and expression under thermal stress. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6992. [PMID: 31205823 PMCID: PMC6556103 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are probably the most diverse in structure and function among the various super-families of stress proteins, and they play essential roles in various biological processes. The sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), feeds in the phloem, transmits several plant viruses, and is an important pest on cotton, vegetables and ornamentals. In this research, we isolated and characterized three α-crystallin/sHSP family genes (Bthsp19.5, Bthsp19.2, and Bthsp21.3) from Bemisia tabaci. The three cDNAs encoded proteins of 171, 169, and 189 amino acids with calculated molecular weights of 19.5, 19.2, and 21.3 kDa and isoelectric points of 6.1, 6.2, and 6.0, respectively. The deduced amino acid sequences of the three genes showed strong similarity to sHSPs identified in Hemiptera and Thysanoptera insects species. All three sHSPs genes from Bemisia tabaci lacked introns. Quantitative real-time PCR analyses revealed that the three BtsHSPs genes were significantly up-regulated in Bemisia tabaci adults and pupae during high temperature stress (39, 41, 43, and 45 °C) but not in response to cold temperature stress (-6, -8, -10, and -12 °C). The expression levels of Bthsp19.2 and Bthsp21.3 in pupae was higher than adults in response to heat stress, while the expression level of Bthsp19.5 in adults was higher than pupae. In conclusion, this research results show that the sHSP genes of Bemisia tabaci had shown differential expression changes under thermal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Bai
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Na Liu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Xing Lu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Zhou Du
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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27
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Identification and Expression Analysis of Four Small Heat Shock Protein Genes in Cigarette Beetle, Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius). INSECTS 2019; 10:insects10050139. [PMID: 31096618 PMCID: PMC6572347 DOI: 10.3390/insects10050139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHsps) are molecular chaperones that play crucial roles in the stress adaption of insects. In this study, we identified and characterized four sHsp genes (LsHsp19.4, 20.2, 20.3, and 22.2) from the cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius). The four cDNAs encoded proteins of 169, 180, 181, and 194 amino acids with molecular weights of 19.4, 20.2, 20.3, and 22.2 kDa, respectively. The four LsHsp sequences possessed a typical sHsp domain structure. Quantitative real-time PCR analyses revealed that LsHsp19.4 and 20.3 transcripts were most abundant in pupae, whereas the transcript levels of LsHsp20.2 and 22.2 were highest in adults. Transcripts of three LsHsp genes were highly expressed in the larval fat body, whereas LsHsp20.2 displayed an extremely high expression level in the gut. Expression of the four LsHsp genes was dramatically upregulated in larvae exposed to 20-hydroxyecdysone. The majority of the LsHsp genes were significantly upregulated in response to heat and cold treatments, while LsHsp19.4 was insensitive to cold stress. The four genes were upregulated when challenged by immune triggers (peptidoglycan isolated from Staphylococcus aureus and from Escherichia coli 0111:B4). Exposure to CO2 increased LsHsp20.2 and 20.3 transcript levels, but the LsHsp19.4 transcript level declined. The results suggest that different LsHsp genes play important and distinct regulatory roles in L. serricorne development and in response to diverse stresses.
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28
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Chang YW, Zhang XX, Chen JY, Lu MX, Gong WR, Du YZ. Characterization of three heat shock protein 70 genes from Liriomyza trifolii and expression during thermal stress and insect development. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2019; 109:150-159. [PMID: 29743123 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485318000354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) participate in diverse physiological processes in insects, and HSP70 is one of the most highly conserved proteins in the HSP family. In this study, full-length cDNAs of three HSP70 genes (Lthsc70, Lthsp701, and Lthsp702) were cloned and characterized from Liriomyza trifolii, an important invasive pest of vegetable crops and horticultural crops worldwide. These three HSP70s exhibited signature sequences and motifs that are typical of the HSP70 family. The expression patterns of the three Lthsp70s during temperature stress and in different insect development stages were studied by real-time quantitative PCR. Lthsp701 was strongly induced by high- and low-temperature stress, but Lthsc70 and Lthsp702 were not very sensitive to temperature changes. All three Lthsp70s were expressed during insect development stages, but the expression patterns were quite different. The expression of Lthsc70 and Lthsp702 showed significant differences in expression during leafminer development; Lthsc70 was most highly expressed in female adults, whereas Lthsp702 was abundantly expressed in larvae and prepupae. Lthsp701 expression was not significantly different among leafminer stages. These results suggest that functional differentiation within the LtHSP70 subfamily has occurred in response to thermal stress and insect development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-W Chang
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China
| | - X-X Zhang
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China
| | - J-Y Chen
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China
| | - M-X Lu
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China
| | - W-R Gong
- Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Jiangsu Province,Nanjing 21003,China
| | - Y-Z Du
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China
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29
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Wang L, Zhang Y, Pan L, Wang Q, Han Y, Niu H, Shan D, Hoffmann A, Fang J. Induced expression of small heat shock proteins is associated with thermotolerance in female Laodelphax striatellus planthoppers. Cell Stress Chaperones 2019; 24:115-123. [PMID: 30443878 PMCID: PMC6363632 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-018-0947-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects are often exposed to high temperature stress in natural environments, but the mechanisms involved in thermotolerance in many insect groups like Hemiptera are not well known. To explore possible mechanisms of thermotolerance in the hemipteran pest Laodelphax striatellus, which damages rice through direct feeding and viral transmission, small heat shock proteins (sHsps) implicated in thermotolerance in other insect groups were identified. The seven sHsps identified have a conserved alpha crystallin domain, a variable N-terminal region, and shared relative low identities to each other. Three of the sHsp genes (LsHsp20.5, LsHsp21.5, and LsHsp21.6) exhibited higher basal expression than the other four genes but showed weak or no heat-induced expression. The other four genes (LsHsp20.1, LsHsp21.2, LsHsp21.4, and LsHsp22.0) were induced up to 3306-fold by heat. Injection of dsRNA indicated that expression of these sHsps was associated with thermotolerance, and Escherichia coli transformed with LsHsp21.2 and LsHsp20.1 showed relatively higher thermotolerance. These results point to an important functional role of these sHsps for thermotolerance in L. striatellus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Yueliang Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Lei Pan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Suzhou, 215155, China
| | - Yangchun Han
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Hongtao Niu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Dan Shan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Ary Hoffmann
- Bio21 Institute, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Jichao Fang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, 210014, China.
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30
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Quan G, Duan J, Fick W, Kyei-Poku G, Candau JN. Expression profiles of 14 small heat shock protein (sHSP) transcripts during larval diapause and under thermal stress in the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (L.). Cell Stress Chaperones 2018; 23:1247-1256. [PMID: 30120691 PMCID: PMC6237677 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-018-0931-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diapause is an important strategy for certain insect species to survive unfavorable environmental conditions, including low temperatures experienced when they overwinter in cold climate. Many studies have indicated that the increased expression of heat shock proteins during diapause improves the thermal tolerance of insects. However, the relationship between small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) and diapause is not clear or well-researched. In this study, we investigated the transcript levels of 14 sHSP genes in the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana, a major pest of spruce and fir in Canada, during pre-diapause, diapause, and post-diapause under normal rearing conditions and in response to a heat shock treatment. We found that sHSP expression profiles could be classified into five patterns under normal laboratory conditions: pattern I was upregulated only during pre-diapause, pattern II was upregulated only during diapause, pattern III was constantly expressed throughout diapause, pattern IV was upregulated in both pre-diapause and diapause, and pattern V was upregulated only during post-diapause. After heat shock, five different expression patterns were observed: pattern I responded weakly or not at all throughout diapause, pattern II responded weakly during the diapause stage but strongly at the onset of diapause and in the post-diapause period, pattern III was upregulated only during post-diapause, pattern IV was strongest during diapause, and pattern V was strongest only in early diapause. These complex expression profiles lead us to suggest that most of the sHSP genes are involved in the diapause process and that they may have multiple and important roles in different phases of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxing Quan
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, P6A 2E5, Canada.
| | - Jun Duan
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, P6A 2E5, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - William Fick
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, P6A 2E5, Canada
| | - George Kyei-Poku
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, P6A 2E5, Canada
| | - Jean-Noël Candau
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, P6A 2E5, Canada
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31
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Quan G, Duan J, Ladd T, Krell PJ. Identification and expression analysis of multiple small heat shock protein genes in spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (L.). Cell Stress Chaperones 2018; 23:141-154. [PMID: 28755305 PMCID: PMC5741589 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-017-0832-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fifteen small heat shock protein (sHSP) genes were identified from spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (L.), an important native forest pest in North America. The transcript levels of each CfHSP were measured under non-stress conditions in all life stages from egg to adult and in five different larval tissues. CfHSP transcript levels showed variation during development, with highest levels in adults and lowest in eggs. Most CfHSP transcripts are highly expressed in larval fat body and Malpighian tubules; two CfHSPs display extremely high expression in the head and epidermis. Upon heat stress, nine CfHSP genes are significantly upregulated, increasing by 50- to 2500-fold depending on developmental stage and tissue type. Upon starvation, eight CfHSPs are upregulated or downregulated, whereas six others retain constant expression. These results suggest that CfHSPs have important and multiple roles in spruce budworm development and in response to heat stress and starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxing Quan
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, P6A2E5, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada.
| | - Jun Duan
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, P6A2E5, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, N1G2W1, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Tim Ladd
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, P6A2E5, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada
| | - Peter J Krell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, N1G2W1, Guelph, ON, Canada
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32
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Pan DD, Lu MX, Li QY, Du YZ. Characteristics and expression of genes encoding two small heat shock protein genes lacking introns from Chilo suppressalis. Cell Stress Chaperones 2018; 23:55-64. [PMID: 28687981 PMCID: PMC5741581 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-017-0823-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) constitute a large, diverse, and functionally uncharacterized family of heat shock proteins. To gain insight regarding the function of sHSPs in insects, we identified genes encoding two sHSPs, Cshsp22.9b and Cshsp24.3, from the rice pest Chilo suppressalis. The cDNAs of Cshsp22.9b and Cshsp24.3 encoded proteins of 206 and 216 amino acids with isoelectric points of 5.79 and 9.28, respectively. Further characterization indicated that both Cshsp22.9b and Cshsp24.3 lacked introns. Real-time quantitative PCR indicated that Cshsp22.9b and Cshsp24.3 were expressed at higher levels within the fat body as compared to other tissues (head, epidermis, foregut, midgut, hindgut, Malpighian tubules, and hemocytes). Expression of Cshsp22.9b and Cshsp24.3 was lowest in the hindgut and Malpighian tubules, respectively. Cshsp22.9b and Cshsp24.3 showed identical patterns in response to thermal stress from -11 to 43 °C, and both genes were up-regulated by hot and cold temperatures. The mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) expression levels of Cshsp22.9b (KY701308) and Cshsp24.3 (KY701309) were highest after a 2-h exposure at 39 °C and started to decline at 42 °C. In response to cold temperatures, both Cshsp22.9b and Cshsp24.3 showed maximal expression after a 2-h exposure to -3 °C. The two Cshsps were more responsive to hot than cold temperature stress and were not induced by mildly cold or warm temperatures. In conclusion, Cshsp22.9b and Cshsp24.3 could play a very important role in the regulation of physiological activities in C. suppressalis that are impacted by environmental stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Pan
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection and Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Ming-Xing Lu
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection and Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Qiu-Yu Li
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection and Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yu-Zhou Du
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection and Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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33
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Kang ZW, Liu FH, Liu X, Yu WB, Tan XL, Zhang SZ, Tian HG, Liu TX. The Potential Coordination of the Heat-Shock Proteins and Antioxidant Enzyme Genes of Aphidius gifuensis in Response to Thermal Stress. Front Physiol 2017; 8:976. [PMID: 29234290 PMCID: PMC5712418 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aphidius gifuensis is one of the most important aphid natural enemies and has been successfully used to control Myzys persicae and other aphid species. High temperature in summer is one of the key barriers for the application of A. gifuensis in the field and greenhouse. In this work, we investigated the biological performance of A. gifuensis and the response of heat-shock proteins and antioxidant enzymes under high temperature. The results showed that A. gifuensis could not survive at 40°C and female exhibited a higher survival in 35°C. Furthermore, the short term exposure to high temperature negatively affected the performance of A. gifuensis especially parasitism efficiency. Under short-term heating, the expression of AgifsHSP, Agifl(2)efl, AgifHSP70, AgifHSP70-4 and AgifHSP90 showed an increased trend, whereas AgifHSP10 initially increased and then decreased. In 35°C, the expressions of Agifl(2)efl, AgifHSP70-4 and AgifHSP90 in female were higher than those in male, whereas the expression of AgifHSP70 exhibited an opposite trend. Besides the HSPs, we also quantified the expression levels of 11 antioxidant enzyme genes: AgifPOD, AgifSOD1, AgifSOD2, AgifSOD3, AgifCAT1, AgifCAT2, AgifGST1, AgifGST2, AgifGST3, AgifGST4 and AgifGST5. We found that the sex-specific expression of AgifSOD2, AgifSOD3, AgifPOD, AgifGST1 and AgifGST3 were highly consistent with sex-specific heat shock survival rates at 35°C. Furthermore, when the temperature was above 30°C, the activities of GST, SOD, CAT and POD were significantly increased; however, there was no significant difference of the CAT activity between the male and female at 35°C. Collectively, all of these results suggested that the protection of thermal damage is coordinated by HSPs and antioxidant enzymes in A. gifuensis. Based on the heat tolerance abilities of many aphid natural enemies, we also discussed an integrated application strategy of many aphid enemies in summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wei Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for the Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Fang-Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Entomology Department, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Wen-Bo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for the Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Ze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for the Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hong-Gang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for the Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Tong-Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for the Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Chang YW, Chen JY, Lu MX, Gao Y, Tian ZH, Gong WR, Zhu W, Du YZ. Selection and validation of reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR analysis under different experimental conditions in the leafminer Liriomyza trifolii (Diptera: Agromyzidae). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181862. [PMID: 28746411 PMCID: PMC5528903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Liriomyza trifolii is a highly-invasive leafmining insect that causes significant damage to vegetables and horticultural crops worldwide. Relatively few studies have quantified gene expression in L. trifolii using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), which is a reliable and sensitive technique for measuring gene expression. RT-qPCR requires the selection of reference genes to normalize gene expression data and control for internal differences between samples. In this study, nine housekeeping genes from L. trifolii were selected for their suitability in normalizing gene expression using geNorm, Normfinder, BestKeeper, the ΔCt method and RefFinder. HSP21.7, which encodes heat shock protein 21.7, was used as a target gene to validate the expression of candidate reference genes. Results indicated that ACTIN and 18S were optimal for developmental stage and low temperature, TUB and 18S showed the most stable expression for sex, and GAPDH and ACTIN were the best reference genes for monitoring gene expression at high temperature. Selection and validation of appropriate reference genes are critical steps in normalizing gene expression levels, which improve the accuracy and quality of expression data. Results of this study provide vital information on reference genes and is valuable in developing a standardized RT-qPCR protocol for functional genomics research in L. trifolii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen Chang
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Yun Chen
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Alien Pests, Suzhou Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Suzhou, China
| | - Ming-Xing Lu
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Alien Pests, Suzhou Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Suzhou, China
| | - Zi-Hua Tian
- Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei-Rong Gong
- Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center of Guangling District, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Zhou Du
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Dou W, Tian Y, Liu H, Shi Y, Smagghe G, Wang JJ. Characteristics of six small heat shock protein genes from Bactrocera dorsalis: Diverse expression under conditions of thermal stress and normal growth. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 213:8-16. [PMID: 28735974 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To explore the functions of small heat shock proteins (sHsps) in relation to thermal stress and development in Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), one of the most economically important pest species attacking a wide range of fruits and vegetables, six full-length cDNAs of sHsp genes (BdHsp17.7, 18.4, 20.4, 20.6, 21.6 and 23.8) were cloned, and the expression patterns in different developmental stages and tissues, as well as in response to both thermal and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) exposures, were examined using real time quantitative PCR. The open reading frames (ORFs) of six sHsps are 453, 489, 537, 543, 567 and 630bp in length, encoding proteins with molecular weights of 17.7, 18.4, 20.4, 20.6, 21.6 and 23.8kDa, respectively. BdHsp18.4 and BdHsp20.4 maintained lower expression levels in both eggs and larvae, whereas remarkably up-regulated after the larval-pupal transformation, suggesting that these two sHsps may be involved in metamorphosis. Significant tissue specificity exists among sHsps: the highest expression of BdHsp20.6 and BdHsp23.8 in the Malpighian tubules and ovary, respectively, versus a peak in the fat body for others. BdHsp20.4 and BdHsp20.6 were significantly up-regulated by thermal stress. In contrast, BdHsp18.4 and BdHsp23.8 reacted only to heat stress. BdHsp17.7 and BdHsp21.6 were insensitive to both heat and cold stresses. The degree of sHsps response depends on intensity of 20E treatment, i.e., dose and time. These results strongly suggest functional differentiation within the sHsp subfamily in B. dorsalis. The physiological function of sHsp members under thermal stress and normal growth remains the subjects of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dou
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Yi Tian
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Yan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Jin-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Chang YW, Chen JY, Lu MX, Gao Y, Tian ZH, Gong WR, Dong CS, Du YZ. Cloning and expression of genes encoding heat shock proteins in Liriomyza trifolii and comparison with two congener leafminer species. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181355. [PMID: 28727798 PMCID: PMC5519154 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The polyphagous agromyzid fly, Liriomyza trifolii, is a significant and important insect pest of ornamental and vegetable crops worldwide. The adaptation of insects to different environments is facilitated by heat shock proteins (HSPs), which play an important role in acclimation to thermal stress. In this study, we cloned and characterized five HSP-encoding genes of L. trifolii (Lthsp20, Lthsp40, Lthsp60, Lthsp70, and Lthsp90) and monitored their expression under different thermal stresses using real-time quantitative PCR. Pupae of L. trifolii were exposed to 19 different temperatures ranging from -20 to 45°C. The results revealed that Lthsp20, Lthsp40, Lthsp70 and Lthsp90 were significantly upregulated in response to both heat and cold stress, while Lthsp60 was induced only by heat temperatures. The temperatures of the onset (Ton) and maximal (Tmax) expression of the five Lthsps were also determined and compared with published Ton and Tmax values of homologous genes in L. sativae and L. huidobrensis. Although L. trifolii occurs primarily in southern China, it has cold tolerance comparable with the other two Liriomyza species. Based on the heat shock proteins expression patterns, L. trifolii has the capacity to tolerate extreme temperatures and the potential to disseminate to northern regions of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen Chang
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Yun Chen
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Alien Pests, Suzhou Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Suzhou, China
| | - Ming-Xing Lu
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Alien Pests, Suzhou Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Suzhou, China
| | - Zi-Hua Tian
- Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei-Rong Gong
- Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Chang-Sheng Dong
- Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center of Guangling District, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Zhou Du
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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37
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Martín-Folgar R, Martínez-Guitarte JL. Cadmium alters the expression of small heat shock protein genes in the aquatic midge Chironomus riparius. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 169:485-492. [PMID: 27889514 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread and highly toxic heavy metal of particular ecotoxicological relevance for aquatic ecosystems. It occurs naturally in the environment but is also an industrial pollutant with extensively researched carcinogenic potentials. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are chaperones that play an important role in maintaining protein homeostasis under stress conditions. Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) comprise the most diverse group of the HSPs family. They are expressed both constitutively and by stress-induction. The midge Chironomus riparius is widely used as a test species in aquatic toxicology. In the present study, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was used to evaluate the effects of acute Cd exposure to the expression profile of seven shsp genes (hsp17, hsp21, hsp22, hsp23, hsp24, hsp27, and hsp34) in C. riparius larvae. Results show a specific pattern of response with a rapid response by hsp27, which was downregulated at 2-6 h, while the rest of the shsp genes remained unaltered except for hsp17 at 2 h, which was upregulated. However, at 24 h of exposure are observed high levels of hsp23, hsp24, hsp27, and hsp34 transcription while hsp22 mRNA levels were downregulated and hsp17 and hsp21 remained unaltered. These changes in gene expression suggest a functional diversity between the sHSPs in the cellular response to heavy metal stress. The differential pattern in comparison with heat shock supports a specific profile depending on the stress supporting the use of shsp genes as suitable biomarkers for ecotoxicological studies on aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Martín-Folgar
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED, Senda del Rey 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José-Luis Martínez-Guitarte
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED, Senda del Rey 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Lu K, Chen X, Liu W, Zhou Q. Characterization of heat shock cognate protein 70 gene and its differential expression in response to thermal stress between two wing morphs of Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2016; 199:47-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Kou LH, Wu HH, Liu YM, Zhang YP, Zhang JZ, Guo YP, Ma EB. Molecular Characterization of Six Small Heat Shock Proteins and Their Responses Under Cadmium Stress in Oxya chinensis (Orthoptera: Acridoidea). ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 45:258-267. [PMID: 26363174 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvv146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) have been implicated in many physiological processes and play important roles in the response to various stresses. In this study, the full-length sequences of six sHSPs: OcHSP19.1, 19.8, 20.4, 20.7, 21.1, and 23.8 were obtained from the rice grasshopper Oxya chinensis transcriptome database. The deduced amino acid sequences of the six OcsHSPs contain a typical α-crystallin domain, which consists of approximately 100 amino acid residues and five β-strands. The phylogenetic analysis suggested that OcHSP23.8 was orthologous to the sHSPs of other species and that OcHSP19.1, 20.4, 20.7, and 21.1 were species specific, whereas OcHSP19.8 did not cluster closely to Orthoptera but was placed on the basal end of the cluster. Developmental stage-dependent and tissue-specific expression patterns were evaluated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The six genes were expressed in all developmental stages and showed clear tissue specificity. The cadmium acute experiment indicates that Cd(2+) can induce the six genes. However, various response patterns were observed among these genes under Cd(2+) stress conditions. OcHSP19.1, 19.8, 20.4, and 20.7 were highly induced by 2.61 mM Cd(2+) at 24 h. OcHSP23.8 was significantly upregulated by 2.61 mM Cd(2+) at 6 h. For OcHSP21.1, the highest expression levels were found after treatment with 0.87 mM Cd(2+) for 24 h, 1.74 mM Cd(2+) for 36 h, and 2.61 mM Cd(2+) for 12 h. These differential characteristics will facilitate future investigations into the physiological functions of sHSPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Kou
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China (; ; ; ; )
| | - H H Wu
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China (; ; ; ; )
| | - Y M Liu
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China (; ; ; ; )
| | - Y P Zhang
- Biology Department of Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China , and
| | - J Z Zhang
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China (; ; ; ; )
| | - Y P Guo
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - E B Ma
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China (; ; ; ; ),
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Shang Q, Pan Y, Peng T, Yang S, Lu X, Wang Z, Xi J. PROTEOMICS ANALYSIS OF OVEREXPRESSED PLASMA PROTEINS IN RESPONSE TO COLD ACCLIMATION IN Ostrinia furnacalis. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 90:195-208. [PMID: 26440752 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Many insects in temperate regions overwinter in diapause. In these insects, one of the metabolic adaptations to cold stress is the synthesis of responsive proteins. Using proteomic analysis, an investigation aimed to a better understanding of the molecular adaptation mechanisms to cold stress was carried out in Ostrinia furnacalis larva. Proteins were extracted from the larval hemolymph collected from both control and overwintering larva. By polyethylene glycol precipitation, approximately 560 protein spots were separated and visualized on two-dimensional (2D) gels after silver staining. Eighteen protein spots were found to be upregulated in overwinter larval plasma in different patterns. As an initial work, 13 of these proteins were identified using MALDI TOF/TOF MS. The differentially overexpressed proteins include heat shock 70 kDa cognate protein, small heat shock protein (sHSP), putative aliphatic nitrilase, arginine kinase, phosphoglyceromutase, triosephosphateisomerase, and glutathione transferase. Alterations in the levels of these proteins were further confirmed by qPCR. This study is the first analysis of differentially expressed plasma proteins in O. furnacalis diapause larvae under extremely low temperature conditions and gives new insights into the acclimation mechanisms responsive to cold stress. Our results also support the idea that energy metabolism, alanine and proline metabolism, and antioxidative reaction act in the cold acclimation of O. furnacalis diapause larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingli Shang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Yiou Pan
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Tianfei Peng
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Yang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Xin Lu
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Zhenying Wang
- The State Key Lab for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jinghui Xi
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
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Martín-Folgar R, de la Fuente M, Morcillo G, Martínez-Guitarte JL. Characterization of six small HSP genes from Chironomus riparius (Diptera, Chironomidae): Differential expression under conditions of normal growth and heat-induced stress. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2015; 188:76-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Wu J, Wang M, Zhou L, Yu D. Small heat shock proteins, phylogeny in filamentous fungi and expression analyses in Aspergillus nidulans. Gene 2015; 575:675-9. [PMID: 26403724 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) have been characterized in organisms from all three domains of life and viruses and are involved in a wide range of biological functions. However, the evolution and function of sHSP in Aspergillus species are largely unknown. In the present work, sHSPs were identified in 31 filamentous fungi, including species from Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium and Magnaporthe, as well as Botrytis cinerea and Neurospora crassa. Phylogenetic analysis revealed high level of divergence of sHSPs among filamentous fungi that orthologs could be only found between very closely related species. Strikingly, duplication of shsp genes occurred in genera Penicillium and also Aspergillus nidulans was observed, which might be an important pathway of sHSPs evolution. Expression analysis of shsp genes revealed that sHSPs were involved in response of A. nidulans to various conditions, including cold/heat as well as oxidative and osmotic stresses, and that the recent duplicated sHSPs in A. nidulans had highly similar function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbing Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Mingshuang Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Liting Zhou
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Dongliang Yu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
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Tang XT, Zheng FS, Lu MX, Du YZ. New ideas about genetic differentiation of Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) populations in China based on the mtDNA cytochrome b gene. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2015; 27:1567-73. [PMID: 25211083 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2014.958670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker), is an important pest of rice in China and other parts of the world. To further explore the population genetic structure and genetic differentiation of C. suppressalis populations found on rice in China, we amplified 432 bp fragments of the cytochrome b (cyt b) gene for 44 C. suppressalis populations. Nineteen variable sites in the mtDNA gene were observed, and 16 haplotypes were identified. Nucleotide diversity (π) and haplotype diversity (h) ranged from 0.00274 to 0.00786 and 0.72297 to 0.87604, respectively, while genetic structure analysis found significant genetic differentiation to be present among the five regions in China - northern China (NC), northeastern China (NEC), central China (CC), southern China (SC) and southwestern China (SWC) - where C. suppresalis was collected. In addition, molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that a relatively high proportion (57.6%) of the total genetic variance was attributable to variation within the populations. N(m) and F(ST) analyses suggested that the differentiation was not significantly different between NEC and NC, CC and SC, and SC and SWC regions, but was significant between NEC and CC, SC and SWC regions, corresponding well with the geographical distribution of the sampled populations. Phylogenetic analysis divided the populations into two indistinct clades: a NEC-NC-CC clade and a CC-SC-SWC clade, while CC region acted as a transition zone between north and south China, a finding different from previous work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tian Tang
- a School of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , P.R. China
| | - Fu-Shan Zheng
- a School of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , P.R. China
| | - Ming-Xing Lu
- a School of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , P.R. China
| | - Yu-Zhou Du
- a School of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , P.R. China
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Zhang B, Zheng J, Peng Y, Liu X, Hoffmann AA, Ma CS. Stress Responses of Small Heat Shock Protein Genes in Lepidoptera Point to Limited Conservation of Function across Phylogeny. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26196395 PMCID: PMC4511463 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The small heat shock protein (sHsp) family is thought to play an important role in protein refolding and signal transduction, and thereby protect organisms from stress. However little is known about sHsp function and conservation across phylogenies. In the current study, we provide a comprehensive assessment of small Hsp genes and their stress responses in the oriental fruit moth (OFM), Grapholita molesta. Fourteen small heat shock proteins of OFM clustered with related Hsps in other Lepidoptera despite a high level of variability among them, and in contrast to the highly conserved Hsp11.1. The only known lepidopteran sHsp ortholog (Hsp21.3) was consistently unaffected under thermal stress in Lepidoptera where it has been characterized. However the phylogenetic position of the sHsps within the Lepidoptera was not associated with conservation of induction patterns under thermal extremes or diapause. These findings suggest that the sHsps have evolved rapidly to develop new functions within the Lepidoptera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Group of Climate Change Biology, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jincheng Zheng
- Group of Climate Change Biology, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Peng
- Group of Climate Change Biology, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, China
| | - Ary A. Hoffmann
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chun-Sen Ma
- Group of Climate Change Biology, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Tungjitwitayakul J, Tatun N, Vajarasathira B, Sakurai S. Expression of Heat Shock Protein Genes in Different Developmental Stages and After Temperature Stress in the Maize Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 108:1313-1323. [PMID: 26470260 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, is a major pest of rice and other postharvest grain stocks in tropical countries. Heating and cooling treatments have been adopted to control this pest. Because heat shock protein (hsp) genes respond to temperature stress, we examined the association of hsp genes with development and thermal stress in S. zeamais. The temperature response of the insect to heat and cold treatments was assessed at four developmental stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. LT50 values at high temperatures were similar among the four developmental stages, while adults were the most tolerant to low temperatures, and eggs, larvae, and pupae exhibited similar LT50 values. Expression levels of three hsps--Szhsp70, Szhsc70, and Szhsp90--fluctuated substantially throughout the four stages at a rearing temperature of 28°C. Heat shock and cold shock increased the expression of all three hsps, and the highest upregulation was observed at 40°C, although the intensity of upregulation varied among the three genes: strongly in Szhsp70, moderately in Szhsp90, and slightly in Szhsc70. Basal expression of the three hsps at 28°C and gene responses to heat and cold shock also varied significantly at the tissue level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nujira Tatun
- School of Science, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Boongeua Vajarasathira
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Sho Sakurai
- Creative Science Museum, Komatsunomori, Komatsu 923-8610, Japan
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Abstract
Insect heat shock proteins include ATP-independent small heat shock proteins and the larger ATP-dependent proteins, Hsp70, Hsp90, and Hsp60. In concert with cochaperones and accessory proteins, heat shock proteins mediate essential activities such as protein folding, localization, and degradation. Heat shock proteins are synthesized constitutively in insects and induced by stressors such as heat, cold, crowding, and anoxia. Synthesis depends on the physiological state of the insect, but the common function of heat shock proteins, often working in networks, is to maintain cell homeostasis through interaction with substrate proteins. Stress-induced expression of heat shock protein genes occurs in a background of protein synthesis inhibition, but in the course of diapause, a state of dormancy and increased stress tolerance, these genes undergo differential regulation without the general disruption of protein production. During diapause, when ATP concentrations are low, heat shock proteins may sequester rather than fold proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M King
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada; ,
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Chen X, Zhang Y. Identification of multiple small heat-shock protein genes in Plutella xylostella (L.) and their expression profiles in response to abiotic stresses. Cell Stress Chaperones 2015; 20:23-35. [PMID: 24947609 PMCID: PMC4255244 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-014-0522-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We identify and characterize 14 small heat-shock protein (sHSP) genes from the diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (L.), a destructive pest. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that, except for sHSP18.8 and sHSP19.22, the other 12 DBM sHSPs belong to five known insect sHSP groups. Developmental expression analysis revealed that most sHSPs peaked in the pupal and adult stages. The transcripts of sHSPs display tissue specificity with two exhibiting constitutive expression in four tested tissues. Expression of sHSP18.8 in fourth instar larvae is not induced by the tested abiotic stressors, and unless sHSP21.8 is not sensitive to thermal stress, 12 sHSPs are significantly up-regulated. The messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of all sHSPs are reduced under oxidative stress. Food deprivation leads to significant down-regulation of three sHSPs. The majority of sHSPs show expression variation to various heavy metals, whereas mRNA abundances of sHSP22.1 and sHSP 28.9 are reduced by four heavy metals. The responses of sHSPs to indoxacarb and cantharidin are varied. Beta-cypermethrin and chlorfenapyr exposure results in an increase of 13 sHSP transcripts and a reduction of 12 sHSP transcripts, respectively. These results show that different sHSPs might play distinct roles in the development and regulation of physiological activities, as well as in response to various abiotic stresses of DBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi’en Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Yalin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
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Sun M, Lu MX, Tang XT, Du YZ. Characterization and expression of genes encoding three small heat shock proteins in Sesamia inferens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:23196-211. [PMID: 25514417 PMCID: PMC4284760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151223196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pink stem borer, Sesamia inferens (Walker), is a major pest of rice and is endemic in China and other parts of Asia. Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) encompass a diverse, widespread class of stress proteins that have not been characterized in S. inferens. In the present study, we isolated and characterized three S. inferens genes that encode members of the α-crystallin/sHSP family, namely, Sihsp21.4, Sihsp20.6, and Sihsp19.6. The three cDNAs encoded proteins of 187, 183 and 174 amino acids with calculated molecular weights of 21.4, 20.6 and 19.6 kDa, respectively. The deduced amino acid sequences of the three genes showed strong similarity to sHSPs identified in other lepidopteran insects. Sihsp21.4 contained an intron, but Sihsp20.6 and Sihsp19.6 lacked introns. Real-time quantitative PCR analyses revealed that Sihsp21.4 was most strongly expressed in S. inferens heads; Whereas expression of Sihsp20.6 and Sihsp19.6 was highest in eggs. The three S. inferens sHSP genes were up-regulated during low temperature stress. In summary, our results show that S. inferens sHSP genes have distinct regulatory roles in the physiology of S. inferens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Sun
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Ming-Xing Lu
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Xiao-Tian Tang
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Yu-Zhou Du
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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Zheng YT, Li HB, Lu MX, Du YZ. Evaluation and validation of reference genes for qRT-PCR normalization in Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). PLoS One 2014; 9:e111369. [PMID: 25356721 PMCID: PMC4214748 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) has emerged as a reliable and reproducible technique for studying gene expression analysis. For accurate results, the normalization of data with reference genes is particularly essential. Once the transcriptome sequencing of Frankliniella occidentalis was completed, numerous unigenes were identified and annotated. Unfortunately, there are no studies on the stability of reference genes used in F. occidentalis. In this work, seven candidate reference genes, including actin, 18S rRNA, H3, tubulin, GAPDH, EF-1 and RPL32, were evaluated for their suitability as normalization genes under different experimental conditions using the statistical software programs BestKeeper, geNorm, Normfinder and the comparative ΔCt method. Because the rankings of the reference genes provided by each of the four programs were different, we chose a user-friendly web-based comprehensive tool RefFinder to get the final ranking. The result demonstrated that EF-1 and RPL32 displayed the most stable expression in different developmental stages; RPL32 and GAPDH showed the most stable expression at high temperatures, while 18S and EF-1 exhibited the most stable expression at low temperatures. In this study, we validated the suitable reference genes in F. occidentalis for gene expression profiling under different experimental conditions. The choice of internal standard is very important in the normalization of the target gene expression levels, thus validating and selecting the best genes will help improve the quality of gene expression data of F. occidentalis. What is more, these validated reference genes could serve as the basis for the selection of candidate reference genes in other insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tao Zheng
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Bo Li
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Guizhou Institute of Plant Protection, Guiyang, China
| | - Ming-Xing Lu
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Zhou Du
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Wei DD, Chen EH, Ding TB, Chen SC, Dou W, Wang JJ. De novo assembly, gene annotation, and marker discovery in stored-product pest Liposcelis entomophila (Enderlein) using transcriptome sequences. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80046. [PMID: 24244605 PMCID: PMC3828239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As a major stored-product pest insect, Liposcelis entomophila has developed high levels of resistance to various insecticides in grain storage systems. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance and environmental stress have not been characterized. To date, there is a lack of genomic information for this species. Therefore, studies aimed at profiling the L. entomophila transcriptome would provide a better understanding of the biological functions at the molecular levels. Methodology/Principal Findings We applied Illumina sequencing technology to sequence the transcriptome of L. entomophila. A total of 54,406,328 clean reads were obtained and that de novo assembled into 54,220 unigenes, with an average length of 571 bp. Through a similarity search, 33,404 (61.61%) unigenes were matched to known proteins in the NCBI non-redundant (Nr) protein database. These unigenes were further functionally annotated with gene ontology (GO), cluster of orthologous groups of proteins (COG), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. A large number of genes potentially involved in insecticide resistance were manually curated, including 68 putative cytochrome P450 genes, 37 putative glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes, 19 putative carboxyl/cholinesterase (CCE) genes, and other 126 transcripts to contain target site sequences or encoding detoxification genes representing eight types of resistance enzymes. Furthermore, to gain insight into the molecular basis of the L. entomophila toward thermal stresses, 25 heat shock protein (Hsp) genes were identified. In addition, 1,100 SSRs and 57,757 SNPs were detected and 231 pairs of SSR primes were designed for investigating the genetic diversity in future. Conclusions/Significance We developed a comprehensive transcriptomic database for L. entomophila. These sequences and putative molecular markers would further promote our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying insecticide resistance or environmental stress, and will facilitate studies on population genetics for psocids, as well as providing useful information for functional genomic research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Er-Hu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Bo Ding
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Chun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Wei Dou
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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