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Linke P, Munding N, Kimmle E, Kaufmann S, Hayashi K, Nakahata M, Takashima Y, Sano M, Bastmeyer M, Holstein T, Dietrich S, Müller-Tidow C, Harada A, Ho AD, Tanaka M. Reversible Host-Guest Crosslinks in Supramolecular Hydrogels for On-Demand Mechanical Stimulation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302607. [PMID: 38118064 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells are regulated not only by biochemical signals but also by biophysical properties of extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM is constantly monitored and remodeled because the fate of stem cells can be misdirected when the mechanical interaction between cells and ECM is imbalanced. A well-defined ECM model for bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) based on supramolecular hydrogels containing reversible host-guest crosslinks is fabricated. The stiffness (Young's modulus E) of the hydrogels can be switched reversibly by altering the concentration of non-cytotoxic, free guest molecules dissolved in the culture medium. Fine-adjustment of substrate stiffness enables the authors to determine the critical stiffness level E* at which hMSCs turn the mechano-sensory machinery on or off. Next, the substrate stiffness across E* is switched and the dynamic adaptation characteristics such as morphology, traction force, and YAP/TAZ signaling of hMSCs are monitored. These data demonstrate the instantaneous switching of traction force, which is followed by YAP/TAZ signaling and morphological adaptation. Periodical switching of the substrate stiffness across E* proves that frequent applications of mechanical stimuli drastically suppress hMSC proliferation. Mechanical stimulation across E* level using dynamic hydrogels is a promising strategy for the on-demand control of hMSC transcription and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Linke
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Natalie Munding
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Esther Kimmle
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kaufmann
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kentaro Hayashi
- Center for Integrative Medicine and Physics, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masaki Nakahata
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Takashima
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Masaki Sano
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Martin Bastmeyer
- Center for Integrative Medicine and Physics, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
- Cell and Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute for Biological and Chemical Systems - Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76334, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Thomas Holstein
- Center for Integrative Medicine and Physics, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
- Molecular Genetics and Evolution, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, 69221, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sascha Dietrich
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology, Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Haematology, Oncology, and Clinical Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Carsten Müller-Tidow
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology, Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Akira Harada
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Anthony D Ho
- Center for Integrative Medicine and Physics, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology, Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit Heidelberg, EMBL and Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Motomu Tanaka
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Integrative Medicine and Physics, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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Eroles M, Lopez-Alonso J, Ortega A, Boudier T, Gharzeddine K, Lafont F, Franz CM, Millet A, Valotteau C, Rico F. Coupled mechanical mapping and interference contrast microscopy reveal viscoelastic and adhesion hallmarks of monocyte differentiation into macrophages. NANOSCALE 2023. [PMID: 37378568 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00757j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Monocytes activated by pro-inflammatory signals adhere to the vascular endothelium and migrate from the bloodstream to the tissue ultimately differentiating into macrophages. Cell mechanics and adhesion play a crucial role in macrophage functions during this inflammatory process. However, how monocytes change their adhesion and mechanical properties upon differentiation into macrophages is still not well understood. In this work, we used various tools to quantify the morphology, adhesion, and viscoelasticity of monocytes and differentiatted macrophages. Combination of atomic force microscopy (AFM) high resolution viscoelastic mapping with interference contrast microscopy (ICM) at the single-cell level revealed viscoelasticity and adhesion hallmarks during monocyte differentiation into macrophages. Quantitative holographic tomography imaging revealed a dramatic increase in cell volume and surface area during monocyte differentiation and the emergence of round and spread macrophage subpopulations. AFM viscoelastic mapping showed important stiffening (increase of the apparent Young's modulus, E0) and solidification (decrease of cell fluidity, β) on differentiated cells that correlated with increased adhesion area. These changes were enhanced in macrophages with a spread phenotype. Remarkably, when adhesion was perturbed, differentiated macrophages remained stiffer and more solid-like than monocytes, suggesting a permanent reorganization of the cytoskeleton. We speculate that the stiffer and more solid-like microvilli and lamellipodia might help macrophages to minimize energy dissipation during mechanosensitive activities. Thus, our results revealed viscoelastic and adhesion hallmarks of monocyte differentiation that may be important for biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Eroles
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, CNRS, LAI, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France.
| | - Javier Lopez-Alonso
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Alexandre Ortega
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, CNRS, LAI, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France.
| | | | - Khaldoun Gharzeddine
- Univ.Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Team Mechanobiology, Immunity and Cancer, La Tronche, France
- Department of Hepatogastroenterology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble Alpes, La Tronche, France
| | - Frank Lafont
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Clemens M Franz
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Arnaud Millet
- Univ.Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Team Mechanobiology, Immunity and Cancer, La Tronche, France
- Department of Hepatogastroenterology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble Alpes, La Tronche, France
| | - Claire Valotteau
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, CNRS, LAI, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France.
| | - Felix Rico
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, CNRS, LAI, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France.
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3
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Alprol AE, Mansour AT, El-Beltagi HS, Ashour M. Algal Extracts for Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Promising Approach for Algae Bioremediation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16072819. [PMID: 37049112 PMCID: PMC10096179 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) possess unique properties, making them a popular material across various industries. However, traditional methods of synthesizing ZnO-NPs are associated with environmental and health risks due to the use of harmful chemicals. As a result, the development of eco-friendly manufacturing practices, such as green-synthesis methodologies, has gained momentum. Green synthesis of ZnO-NPs using biological substrates offers several advantages over conventional approaches, such as cost-effectiveness, simplicity of scaling up, and reduced environmental impact. While both dried dead and living biomasses can be used for synthesis, the extracellular mode is more commonly employed. Although several biological substrates have been successfully utilized for the green production of ZnO-NPs, large-scale production remains challenging due to the complexity of biological extracts. In addition, ZnO-NPs have significant potential for photocatalysis and adsorption in the remediation of industrial effluents. The ease of use, efficacy, quick oxidation, cost-effectiveness, and reduced synthesis of harmful byproducts make them a promising tool in this field. This review aims to describe the different biological substrate sources and technologies used in the green synthesis of ZnO-NPs and their impact on properties. Traditional synthesis methods using harmful chemicals limit their clinical field of use. However, the emergence of algae as a promising substrate for creating safe, biocompatible, non-toxic, economic, and ecological synthesis techniques is gaining momentum. Future research is required to explore the potential of other algae species for biogenic synthesis. Moreover, this review focuses on how green synthesis of ZnO-NPs using biological substrates offers a viable alternative to traditional methods. Moreover, the use of these nanoparticles for industrial-effluent remediation is a promising field for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E. Alprol
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo 11516, Egypt
| | - Abdallah Tageldein Mansour
- Animal and Fish Production Department, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Fish and Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt
| | - Hossam S. El-Beltagi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Department, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ashour
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo 11516, Egypt
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Al-Rekabi Z, Dondi C, Faruqui N, Siddiqui NS, Elowsson L, Rissler J, Kåredal M, Mudway I, Larsson-Callerfelt AK, Shaw M. Uncovering the cytotoxic effects of air pollution with multi-modal imaging of in vitro respiratory models. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:221426. [PMID: 37063998 PMCID: PMC10090883 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.221426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Annually, an estimated seven million deaths are linked to exposure to airborne pollutants. Despite extensive epidemiological evidence supporting clear associations between poor air quality and a range of short- and long-term health effects, there are considerable gaps in our understanding of the specific mechanisms by which pollutant exposure induces adverse biological responses at the cellular and tissue levels. The development of more complex, predictive, in vitro respiratory models, including two- and three-dimensional cell cultures, spheroids, organoids and tissue cultures, along with more realistic aerosol exposure systems, offers new opportunities to investigate the cytotoxic effects of airborne particulates under controlled laboratory conditions. Parallel advances in high-resolution microscopy have resulted in a range of in vitro imaging tools capable of visualizing and analysing biological systems across unprecedented scales of length, time and complexity. This article considers state-of-the-art in vitro respiratory models and aerosol exposure systems and how they can be interrogated using high-resolution microscopy techniques to investigate cell-pollutant interactions, from the uptake and trafficking of particles to structural and functional modification of subcellular organelles and cells. These data can provide a mechanistic basis from which to advance our understanding of the health effects of airborne particulate pollution and develop improved mitigation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Al-Rekabi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK
| | - Camilla Dondi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK
| | - Nilofar Faruqui
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK
| | - Nazia S. Siddiqui
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Kingston Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Kingston upon Thames, UK
| | - Linda Elowsson
- Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jenny Rissler
- Bioeconomy and Health, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Lund, Sweden
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Monica Kåredal
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ian Mudway
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Institute of Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental Exposures and Health, London, UK
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | | | - Michael Shaw
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK
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5
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Qiao Z, Xu H, Zhang N, Gong X, Gong C, Yang G, Chew SY, Huang C, Chen Y. Cellular Features Revealed by Transverse Laser Modes in Frequency Domain. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103550. [PMID: 34841743 PMCID: PMC8728842 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biological lasers which utilize Fabry-Pérot (FP) cavities have attracted tremendous interest due to their potential in amplifying subtle biological changes. Transverse laser modes generated from cells serve as distinct fingerprints of individual cells; however, most lasing signals lack the ability to provide key information about the cell due to high complexity of transverse modes. The missing key, therefore, hinders it from practical applications in biomedicine. This study reveals the key mechanism governing the frequency distributions of transverse modes in cellular lasers. Spatial information of cells including curvature can be interpreted through spectral information of transverse modes by means of hyperspectral imaging. Theoretical studies are conducted to explore the correlation between the cross-sectional morphology of a cell and lasing frequencies of transverse modes. Experimentally, the spectral characteristics of transverse modes are investigated in live and fixed cells with different morphological features. By extracting laser modes in frequency domain, the proposed concept is applied for studying cell adhesion process and cell classification from rat cortices. This study expands a new analytical dimension of cell lasers, opening an avenue for subcellular analysis in biophotonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Qiao
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang Ave.Singapore639798Singapore
| | - Hongmei Xu
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang Ave.Singapore639798Singapore
| | - Na Zhang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringNanyang Technological University62 Nanyang DriveSingapore637459Singapore
| | - Xuerui Gong
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang Ave.Singapore639798Singapore
| | - Chaoyang Gong
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang Ave.Singapore639798Singapore
| | - Guang Yang
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang Ave.Singapore639798Singapore
| | - Sing Yian Chew
- School of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringNanyang Technological University62 Nanyang DriveSingapore637459Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine11 Mandalay RoadSingapore308232Singapore
| | - Changjin Huang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang Ave.Singapore639798Singapore
| | - Yu‐Cheng Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang Ave.Singapore639798Singapore
- School of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringNanyang Technological University62 Nanyang DriveSingapore637459Singapore
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6
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Riechers SL, Petrik N, Loring JS, Murphy MK, Pearce CI, Kimmel GA, Rosso KM. Integrated atomic force microscopy and x-ray irradiation for in situ characterization of radiation-induced processes. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:113701. [PMID: 34852514 DOI: 10.1063/5.0054646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding radiation-induced chemical and physical transformations at material interfaces is important across diverse fields, but experimental approaches are often limited to either ex situ observations or in situ electron microscopy or synchrotron-based methods, in which cases the radiation type and dose are inextricably tied to the imaging basis itself. In this work, we overcome this limitation by demonstrating integration of an x-ray source with an atomic force microscope to directly monitor radiolytically driven interfacial chemistry at the nanoscale. We illustrate the value of in situ observations by examining effects of radiolysis on material adhesion forces in aqueous solution as well as examining the production of alkali nitrates at the interface between an alkali halide crystal surface and air. For the examined salt-air interface, direct visualization under flexible experimental conditions greatly extends prior observations by enabling the transformation process to be followed comprehensively from source-to-sink with mass balance quantitation. Our novel rad-atomic force microscope opens doors into understanding the dynamics of radiolytically driven mass transfer and surface alteration at the nanoscale in real-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn L Riechers
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Nikolai Petrik
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - John S Loring
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Mark K Murphy
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Carolyn I Pearce
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Greg A Kimmel
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Kevin M Rosso
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
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7
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Characterization of the strain-rate-dependent mechanical response of single cell-cell junctions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2019347118. [PMID: 33531347 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2019347118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell adhesions are often subjected to mechanical strains of different rates and magnitudes in normal tissue function. However, the rate-dependent mechanical behavior of individual cell-cell adhesions has not been fully characterized due to the lack of proper experimental techniques and therefore remains elusive. This is particularly true under large strain conditions, which may potentially lead to cell-cell adhesion dissociation and ultimately tissue fracture. In this study, we designed and fabricated a single-cell adhesion micro tensile tester (SCAµTT) using two-photon polymerization and performed displacement-controlled tensile tests of individual pairs of adherent epithelial cells with a mature cell-cell adhesion. Straining the cytoskeleton-cell adhesion complex system reveals a passive shear-thinning viscoelastic behavior and a rate-dependent active stress-relaxation mechanism mediated by cytoskeleton growth. Under low strain rates, stress relaxation mediated by the cytoskeleton can effectively relax junctional stress buildup and prevent adhesion bond rupture. Cadherin bond dissociation also exhibits rate-dependent strengthening, in which increased strain rate results in elevated stress levels at which cadherin bonds fail. This bond dissociation becomes a synchronized catastrophic event that leads to junction fracture at high strain rates. Even at high strain rates, a single cell-cell junction displays a remarkable tensile strength to sustain a strain as much as 200% before complete junction rupture. Collectively, the platform and the biophysical understandings in this study are expected to build a foundation for the mechanistic investigation of the adaptive viscoelasticity of the cell-cell junction.
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Kolb P, Schundner A, Frick M, Gottschalk KE. In Vitro Measurements of Cellular Forces and their Importance in the Lung-From the Sub- to the Multicellular Scale. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:691. [PMID: 34357063 PMCID: PMC8307149 DOI: 10.3390/life11070691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout life, the body is subjected to various mechanical forces on the organ, tissue, and cellular level. Mechanical stimuli are essential for organ development and function. One organ whose function depends on the tightly connected interplay between mechanical cell properties, biochemical signaling, and external forces is the lung. However, altered mechanical properties or excessive mechanical forces can also drive the onset and progression of severe pulmonary diseases. Characterizing the mechanical properties and forces that affect cell and tissue function is therefore necessary for understanding physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms. In recent years, multiple methods have been developed for cellular force measurements at multiple length scales, from subcellular forces to measuring the collective behavior of heterogeneous cellular networks. In this short review, we give a brief overview of the mechanical forces at play on the cellular level in the lung. We then focus on the technological aspects of measuring cellular forces at many length scales. We describe tools with a subcellular resolution and elaborate measurement techniques for collective multicellular units. Many of the technologies described are by no means restricted to lung research and have already been applied successfully to cells from various other tissues. However, integrating the knowledge gained from these multi-scale measurements in a unifying framework is still a major future challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kolb
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Ulm University, 89069 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Annika Schundner
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, 89069 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Manfred Frick
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, 89069 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Kay-E. Gottschalk
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Ulm University, 89069 Ulm, Germany;
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Cell Surface Binding and Lipid Interactions behind Chemotherapy-Drug-Induced Ion Pore Formation in Membranes. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11070501. [PMID: 34209282 PMCID: PMC8304557 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11070501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy drugs (CDs) disrupt the lipid membrane’s insulation properties by inducing stable ion pores across bilayer membranes. The underlying molecular mechanisms behind pore formation have been revealed in this study using several methods that confirm molecular interactions and detect associated energetics of drugs on the cell surface in general and in lipid bilayers in particular. Liposome adsorption and cell surface binding of CD colchicine has been demonstrated experimentally. Buffer dissolved CDs were considerably adsorbed in the incubated phospholipid liposomes, measured using the patented ‘direct detection method’. The drug adsorption process is regulated by the membrane environment, demonstrated in cholesterol-containing liposomes. We then detailed the phenomenology and energetics of the low nanoscale dimension cell surface (membrane) drug distribution, using atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging what addresses the surface morphology and measures adhesion force (reducible to adhesive energy). Liposome adsorption and cell surface binding data helped model the cell surface drug distribution. The underlying molecular interactions behind surface binding energetics of drugs have been addressed in silico numerical computations (NCs) utilizing the screened Coulomb interactions among charges in a drug–drug/lipid cluster. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the CD-lipid complexes detected primarily important CD-lipid electrostatic and van der Waals (vdW) interaction energies. From the energetics point of view, both liposome and cell surface membrane adsorption of drugs are therefore obvious findings. Colchicine treated cell surface AFM images provide a few important phenomenological conclusions, such as drugs bind generally with the cell surface, bind independently as well as in clusters of various sizes in random cell surface locations. The related adhesion energy decreases with increasing drug cluster size before saturating for larger clusters. MD simulation detected electrostatic and vdW and NC-derived charge-based interactions explain molecularly of the cause of cell surface binding of drugs. The membrane binding/association of drugs may help create drug–lipid complexes with specific energetics and statistically lead to the creation of ion channels. We reveal here crucial molecular understanding and features of the pore formation inside lipid membranes that may be applied universally for most of the pore-forming existing agents and novel candidate drugs.
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Zbiral B, Weber A, Iturri J, Vivanco MDM, Toca-Herrera JL. Estrogen Modulates Epithelial Breast Cancer Cell Mechanics and Cell-to-Cell Contacts. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14112897. [PMID: 34071397 PMCID: PMC8198807 DOI: 10.3390/ma14112897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Excessive estrogen exposure is connected with increased risk of breast cancer and has been shown to promote epithelial-mesenchymal-transition. Malignant cancer cells accumulate changes in cell mechanical and biochemical properties, often leading to cell softening. In this work we have employed atomic force microscopy to probe the influence of estrogen on the viscoelastic properties of MCF-7 breast cancer cells cultured either in normal or hormone free-medium. Estrogen led to a significant softening of the cells in all studied cases, while growing cells in hormone free medium led to an increase in the studied elastic and viscoelastic moduli. In addition, fluorescence microscopy shows that E-cadherin distribution is changed in cells when culturing them under estrogenic conditions. Furthermore, cell-cell contacts seemed to be weakened. These results were supported by AFM imaging showing changes in surfaces roughness, cell-cell contacts and cell height as result of estrogen treatment. This study therefore provides further evidence for the role of estrogen signaling in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Zbiral
- Institute for Biophysics, Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (B.Z.); (J.I.)
| | - Andreas Weber
- Institute for Biophysics, Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (B.Z.); (J.I.)
- Correspondence: (A.W.); (J.L.T.-H.)
| | - Jagoba Iturri
- Institute for Biophysics, Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (B.Z.); (J.I.)
| | - Maria d. M. Vivanco
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain;
| | - José L. Toca-Herrera
- Institute for Biophysics, Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (B.Z.); (J.I.)
- Correspondence: (A.W.); (J.L.T.-H.)
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11
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Li M, Xi N, Liu L. Peak force tapping atomic force microscopy for advancing cell and molecular biology. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:8358-8375. [PMID: 33913463 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01303c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The advent of atomic force microscopy (AFM) provides an exciting tool to detect molecular and cellular behaviors under aqueous conditions. AFM is able to not only visualize the surface topography of the specimens, but also can quantify the mechanical properties of the specimens by force spectroscopy assay. Nevertheless, integrating AFM topographic imaging with force spectroscopy assay has long been limited due to the low spatiotemporal resolution. In recent years, the appearance of a new AFM imaging mode called peak force tapping (PFT) has shattered this limit. PFT allows AFM to simultaneously acquire the topography and mechanical properties of biological samples with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. The practical applications of PFT in the field of life sciences in the past decade have demonstrated the excellent capabilities of PFT in characterizing the fine structures and mechanics of living biological systems in their native states, offering novel possibilities to reveal the underlying mechanisms guiding physiological/pathological activities. In this paper, the recent progress in cell and molecular biology that has been made with the utilization of PFT is summarized, and future perspectives for further progression and biomedical applications of PFT are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China and Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110169, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Ning Xi
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Lianqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China and Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110169, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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12
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Sadoun A, Biarnes-Pelicot M, Ghesquiere-Dierickx L, Wu A, Théodoly O, Limozin L, Hamon Y, Puech PH. Controlling T cells spreading, mechanics and activation by micropatterning. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6783. [PMID: 33762632 PMCID: PMC7991639 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86133-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We designed a strategy, based on a careful examination of the activation capabilities of proteins and antibodies used as substrates for adhering T cells, coupled to protein microstamping to control at the same time the position, shape, spreading, mechanics and activation state of T cells. Once adhered on patterns, we examined the capacities of T cells to be activated with soluble anti CD3, in comparison to T cells adhered to a continuously decorated substrate with the same density of ligands. We show that, in our hand, adhering onto an anti CD45 antibody decorated surface was not affecting T cell calcium fluxes, even adhered on variable size micro-patterns. Aside, we analyzed the T cell mechanics, when spread on pattern or not, using Atomic Force Microscopy indentation. By expressing MEGF10 as a non immune adhesion receptor in T cells we measured the very same spreading area on PLL substrates and Young modulus than non modified cells, immobilized on anti CD45 antibodies, while retaining similar activation capabilities using soluble anti CD3 antibodies or through model APC contacts. We propose that our system is a way to test activation or anergy of T cells with defined adhesion and mechanical characteristics, and may allow to dissect fine details of these mechanisms since it allows to observe homogenized populations in standardized T cell activation assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Sadoun
- grid.5399.60000 0001 2176 4817Adhesion and Inflammation Lab (LAI), Aix Marseille University, LAI UM 61, 13288 Marseille, France ,grid.457381.cAdhesion and Inflammation Lab (LAI), Inserm, UMR_S 1067, 13288 Marseille, France ,grid.4444.00000 0001 2112 9282Adhesion and Inflammation Lab (LAI), CNRS, UMR 7333, 13288 Marseille, France ,grid.5399.60000 0001 2176 4817Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Inserm, CIML Marseille, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Martine Biarnes-Pelicot
- grid.5399.60000 0001 2176 4817Adhesion and Inflammation Lab (LAI), Aix Marseille University, LAI UM 61, 13288 Marseille, France ,grid.457381.cAdhesion and Inflammation Lab (LAI), Inserm, UMR_S 1067, 13288 Marseille, France ,grid.4444.00000 0001 2112 9282Adhesion and Inflammation Lab (LAI), CNRS, UMR 7333, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Laura Ghesquiere-Dierickx
- grid.5399.60000 0001 2176 4817Adhesion and Inflammation Lab (LAI), Aix Marseille University, LAI UM 61, 13288 Marseille, France ,grid.457381.cAdhesion and Inflammation Lab (LAI), Inserm, UMR_S 1067, 13288 Marseille, France ,grid.4444.00000 0001 2112 9282Adhesion and Inflammation Lab (LAI), CNRS, UMR 7333, 13288 Marseille, France ,grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584Present Address: Division of Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ambroise Wu
- grid.5399.60000 0001 2176 4817Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Inserm, CIML Marseille, 13288 Marseille, France ,grid.8505.80000 0001 1010 5103Present Address: Department of Biophysics, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Olivier Théodoly
- grid.5399.60000 0001 2176 4817Adhesion and Inflammation Lab (LAI), Aix Marseille University, LAI UM 61, 13288 Marseille, France ,grid.457381.cAdhesion and Inflammation Lab (LAI), Inserm, UMR_S 1067, 13288 Marseille, France ,grid.4444.00000 0001 2112 9282Adhesion and Inflammation Lab (LAI), CNRS, UMR 7333, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Limozin
- grid.5399.60000 0001 2176 4817Adhesion and Inflammation Lab (LAI), Aix Marseille University, LAI UM 61, 13288 Marseille, France ,grid.457381.cAdhesion and Inflammation Lab (LAI), Inserm, UMR_S 1067, 13288 Marseille, France ,grid.4444.00000 0001 2112 9282Adhesion and Inflammation Lab (LAI), CNRS, UMR 7333, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Yannick Hamon
- grid.5399.60000 0001 2176 4817Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Inserm, CIML Marseille, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Pierre-Henri Puech
- grid.5399.60000 0001 2176 4817Adhesion and Inflammation Lab (LAI), Aix Marseille University, LAI UM 61, 13288 Marseille, France ,grid.457381.cAdhesion and Inflammation Lab (LAI), Inserm, UMR_S 1067, 13288 Marseille, France ,grid.4444.00000 0001 2112 9282Adhesion and Inflammation Lab (LAI), CNRS, UMR 7333, 13288 Marseille, France
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13
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Taskin MB, Ahmad T, Wistlich L, Meinel L, Schmitz M, Rossi A, Groll J. Bioactive Electrospun Fibers: Fabrication Strategies and a Critical Review of Surface-Sensitive Characterization and Quantification. Chem Rev 2021; 121:11194-11237. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Berat Taskin
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Taufiq Ahmad
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Laura Wistlich
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lorenz Meinel
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry and Helmholtz Institute for RNA Based Infection Research, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Schmitz
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Angela Rossi
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Groll
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
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14
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Arunachalam B, Jaganathan M, Palanisamy T, Dhathathreyan A. Physico-chemical studies of elastic compliance and adsorption of DOPC vesicles and its mixture with charged lipids at fluid/solid interface. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 199:111544. [PMID: 33383550 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Lipid bilayer mechanics is crucial to membrane dynamics and in design of liposomes for delivery applications. In this work, vesicles of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) (size from 50 nm to 1 μm) and its mixtures with anionic 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol) sodium salt (DOPG) and cationic dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DODAB), have been studied under shear stress at fluid/solid interface and their elastic compliance evaluated. Results show that the rate of spreading of the smaller vesicles (∼70 nm) is about 1.4 times slower than those of larger ones (∼1 μ) and that DOPC has the highest elastic compliance compared with DOPC + DOPG and DOPC + DODAB vesicles. A direct correlation between the elastic compliance and the size of the vesicles shows larger vesicles are more structurally labile during adsorption and subsequent adhesion to solid surfaces than the smaller ones. Specific role of bound water in DODAB is reflected in the lowest elastic compliance of DODAB compared to other lipids. Results show that during the process of adhesion at the fluid/air interface, the vesicles undergo contraction, thereby transmitting mechanical stresses to their microenvironment, which matches the SAXS electron density profiles that indicates larger vesicles have thicker bilayer membranes with larger volume of water compared to the smaller sized ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruntha Arunachalam
- Advanced Materials Lab., CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | | | - Thanikaivelan Palanisamy
- Advanced Materials Lab., CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Aruna Dhathathreyan
- Advanced Materials Lab., CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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15
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Wen Y, Xu Z, Liu Y, Corke H, Sui Z. Investigation of food microstructure and texture using atomic force microscopy: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:2357-2379. [PMID: 33336971 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We review recent applications of atomic force microscopy (AFM) to characterize microstructural and textural properties of food materials. Based on interaction between probe and sample, AFM can image in three dimensions with nanoscale resolution especially in the vertical orientation. When the scanning probe is used as an indenter, mechanical features such as stiffness and elasticity can be analyzed. The linkage between structure and texture can thus be elucidated, providing the basis for many further future applications of AFM. Microstructure of simple systems such as polysaccharides, proteins, or lipids separately, as characterized by AFM, is discussed. Interaction of component mixtures gives rise to novel properties in complex food systems due to development of structure. AFM has been used to explore the morphological characteristics of such complexes and to investigate the effect of such characteristics on properties. Based on insights from such investigations, development of food products and manufacturing can be facilitated. Mechanical analysis is often carried out to evaluate the suitability of natural or artificial materials in food formulations. The textural properties of cellular tissues, food colloids, and biodegradable films can all be explored at nanometer scale, leading to the potential to connect texture to this fine structural level. More profound understanding of natural food materials will enable new classes of fabricated food products to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadi Wen
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zekun Xu
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Harold Corke
- Biotechnology and Food Engineering Program, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China.,Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Zhongquan Sui
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Doskocz J, Dałek P, Foryś A, Trzebicka B, Przybyło M, Mesarec L, Iglič A, Langner M. The effect of lipid phase on liposome stability upon exposure to the mechanical stress. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183361. [PMID: 32422137 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical properties of a lipid bilayer are parameters determined mainly for giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). It is not clear if values obtained on the GUV model can be directly translated to submicron large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs). This ambiguity is a major obstacle in exploring the effect of lipid bilayer mechanics on membrane associated processes and effectiveness of liposome-based targeted drug delivery systems. In presented work extrusion, which is a common method to prepare LUVs, was used to study liposomes preparation and stability upon exposure to mechanical stress. The effect of parameters of the extrusion process (temperature, membrane pore size, extrusion force and volumetric flux) on the properties of liposome suspension (average liposome size, polydispersity index and lipid recovery ratio) was determined for model liposomes composed of DPPC lipid. The state of the DPPC lipid bilayer depends on temperature, therefore, the effect of lipid bilayer mechanics on the extrusion process can be quantitated without altering membrane composition. The extrusion process was carried out with the automated extruder delivering quantitative data on the extrusion force and volumetric flux. Obtained results have been interpreted in terms of mechanical properties of the lipid bilayer. Determined mechanical properties of the lipid bilayer and its dependence on temperature are in good agreement with the literature results determined for GUVs. This shows that mechanical properties of the lipid bilayer does not depend on the liposome size in the range from 100 nm to hundreds of microns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Doskocz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-377, Wrocław, pl. Grunwaldzki, 13, Poland.
| | - Paulina Dałek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-377, Wrocław, pl. Grunwaldzki, 13, Poland; Lipid Systems sp. z o.o., 54-613 Wrocław, ul. Krzemieniecka 48C, Poland
| | - Aleksander Foryś
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 41-819 Zabrze, ul. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 34, Poland
| | - Barbara Trzebicka
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 41-819 Zabrze, ul. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 34, Poland
| | | | - Luka Mesarec
- Laboratory of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Iglič
- Laboratory of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, Slovenia.; Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council, 80131 Napoli, Pietro Castellino 111, Italy
| | - Marek Langner
- Lipid Systems sp. z o.o., 54-613 Wrocław, ul. Krzemieniecka 48C, Poland
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17
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Iturri J, Weber A, Vivanco MD, Toca-Herrera JL. Single-Cell Probe Force Studies to Identify Sox2 Overexpression-Promoted Cell Adhesion in MCF7 Breast Cancer Cells. Cells 2020; 9:E935. [PMID: 32290242 PMCID: PMC7227807 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The replacement of the cantilever tip by a living cell in Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) experiments permits the direct quantification of cell-substrate and cell-cell adhesion forces. This single-cell probe force measurement technique, when complemented by microscopy, allows controlled manipulation of the cell with defined location at the area of interest. In this work, a setup based on two glass half-slides, a non-fouling one with bacterial S-layer protein SbpA from L. sphaericus CMM 2177 and the second with a fibronectin layer, has been employed to measure the adhesion of MCF7 breast cancer cells to fibronectin films (using SbpA as control) and to other cells (symmetric vs. asymmetric systems). The measurements aimed to characterize and compare the adhesion capacities of parental cells and cells overexpressing the embryonic transcription factor Sox2, which have a higher capacity for invasion and are more resistant to endocrine therapy in vivo. Together with the use of fluorescence techniques (epifluorescence, Total Internal Fluorescence Microscopy (TIRF)), the visualization of vinculin and actin distribution in cells in contact with fibronectin surfaces is enabled, facilitating the monitoring and quantification of the formation of adhesion complexes. These findings demonstrate the strength of this combined approach to assess and compare the adhesion properties of cell lines and to illustrate the heterogeneity of adhesive strength found in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagoba Iturri
- Department of Nanobiotechnology (DNBT), Institute for Biophysics, BOKU University for Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11 (Simon Zeisel Haus), A-1190 Vienna, Austria; (A.W.); (J.L.T.-H.)
| | - Andreas Weber
- Department of Nanobiotechnology (DNBT), Institute for Biophysics, BOKU University for Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11 (Simon Zeisel Haus), A-1190 Vienna, Austria; (A.W.); (J.L.T.-H.)
| | - María d.M. Vivanco
- Cancer Heterogeneity Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - José L. Toca-Herrera
- Department of Nanobiotechnology (DNBT), Institute for Biophysics, BOKU University for Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11 (Simon Zeisel Haus), A-1190 Vienna, Austria; (A.W.); (J.L.T.-H.)
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18
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Siamantouras E, Hills CE, Liu KK, Squires PE. Examining Cell-Cell Interactions in the Kidney Using AFM Single-Cell Force Spectroscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2067:189-201. [PMID: 31701454 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9841-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The ability of individual cells to synchronize activity is a basic feature of efficient and appropriate tissue function. Central to this is the physicochemical binding between cells through multiprotein complexes that functionally mediate adhesion. Importantly, the direct connection of physical properties and intercellular signaling is of great importance to certain pathologies including diabetes. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) single-cell force spectroscopy (SCFS) is a high-resolution technique that provides a statistically reliable measurement of the minute forces involved in cell tethering and membrane dynamics. Detection of altered nanoscale forces underlying the loss of adhesion in early tubular injury is pivotal for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for diabetic nephropathy. Here we describe the step-by-step use of an integrated AFM-SCFS system designed to measure functional force-displacement in separating renal tubular epithelial cells. Parameters such as unbinding forces, detachment energy, and distance to complete separation can be obtained from force-displacement (F-d) curves and are critical in assessing how physical changes of cellular adhesion contribute to cell contact, coupling, and communication in the diabetic kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claire E Hills
- School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | - Kuo-Kang Liu
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Warwick, UK
| | - Paul E Squires
- School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK.
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19
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Membrane Organization and Physical Regulation of Lymphocyte Antigen Receptors: A Biophysicist's Perspective. J Membr Biol 2019; 252:397-412. [PMID: 31352492 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-019-00085-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Receptors at the membrane of immune cells are the central players of innate and adaptative immunity, providing effective defence mechanisms against pathogens or cancer cells. Their function is intimately linked to their position at and within the membrane which provides accessibility, mobility as well as membrane proximal cytoskeleton anchoring, all of these elements playing important roles in the final function and links to cellular actions. Understanding how immune cells integrate the specific signals received at their membrane to take a decision remains an immense challenge and a very active field of fundamental and applied research. Recent progress in imaging and micromanipulation techniques have led to an unprecedented refinement in the description of molecular structures and supramolecular assemblies at the immune cell membrane, and provided a glimpse into their dynamics and regulation by force. Several key elements have been scrutinized such as the roles of relative sizes of molecules, lateral organisation, motion in the membrane of the receptors, but also physical cues such as forces, mediated by cellular substrates of different rigidities or applied by the cell itself, in conjunction with its partner cell. We review here these recent discoveries associated with a description of the biophysical methods used. While a conclusive picture integrating all of these components is still lacking, mainly due to the implication of diverse and different mechanisms and spatio-temporal scales involved, the amount of quantitative data available opens the way for physical modelling and numerical simulations and new avenues for experimental research.
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20
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Cárdenas-Pérez S, Chanona-Pérez JJ, Méndez-Méndez JV, Arzate-Vázquez I, Hernández-Varela JD, Vera NG. Recent advances in atomic force microscopy for assessing the nanomechanical properties of food materials. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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21
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Oropesa-Nuñez R, Keshavan S, Dante S, Diaspro A, Mannini B, Capitini C, Cecchi C, Stefani M, Chiti F, Canale C. Toxic HypF-N Oligomers Selectively Bind the Plasma Membrane to Impair Cell Adhesion Capability. Biophys J 2019; 114:1357-1367. [PMID: 29590593 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The deposition of fibrillar protein aggregates in human organs is the hallmark of several pathological states, including highly debilitating neurodegenerative disorders and systemic amyloidoses. It is widely accepted that small oligomers arising as intermediates in the aggregation process, released by fibrils, or growing in secondary nucleation steps are the cytotoxic entities in protein-misfolding diseases, notably neurodegenerative conditions. Increasing evidence indicates that cytotoxicity is triggered by the interaction between nanosized protein aggregates and cell membranes, even though little information on the molecular details of such interaction is presently available. In this work, we propose what is, to our knowledge, a new approach, based on the use of single-cell force spectroscopy applied to multifunctional substrates, to study the interaction between protein oligomers, cell membranes, and/or the extracellular matrix. We compared the interaction of single Chinese hamster ovary cells with two types of oligomers (toxic and nontoxic) grown from the N-terminal domain of the Escherichia coli protein HypF. We were able to quantify the affinity between both oligomer type and the cell membrane by measuring the mechanical work needed to detach the cells from the aggregates, and we could discriminate the contributions of the membrane lipid and protein fractions to such affinity. The fundamental role of the ganglioside GM1 in the membrane-oligomers interaction was also highlighted. Finally, we observed that the binding of toxic oligomers to the cell membrane significantly affects the functionality of adhesion molecules such as Arg-Gly-Asp binding integrins, and that this effect requires the presence of the negatively charged sialic acid moiety of GM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinier Oropesa-Nuñez
- Department of Nanophysics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy; DIBRIS Department, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Sandeep Keshavan
- Department of Nanophysics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy; DIBRIS Department, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Dante
- Department of Nanophysics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Alberto Diaspro
- Department of Nanophysics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy; Department of Physics, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.
| | - Benedetta Mannini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Capitini
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Cristina Cecchi
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Massimo Stefani
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Chiti
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Claudio Canale
- Department of Nanophysics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy; Department of Physics, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
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22
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Caluori G, Pribyl J, Cmiel V, Pesl M, Potocnak T, Provaznik I, Skladal P, Rotrekl V. Simultaneous study of mechanobiology and calcium dynamics on hESC-derived cardiomyocytes clusters. J Mol Recognit 2018; 32:e2760. [PMID: 30084213 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Calcium ions act like ubiquitous second messengers in a wide amount of cellular processes. In cardiac myocytes, Ca2+ handling regulates the mechanical contraction necessary to the heart pump function. The field of intracellular and intercellular Ca2+ handling, employing in vitro models of cardiomyocytes, has become a cornerstone to understand the role and adaptation of calcium signalling in healthy and diseased hearts. Comprehensive in vitro systems and cell-based biosensors are powerful tools to enrich and speed up cardiac phenotypic and drug response evaluation. We have implemented a combined setup to measure contractility and calcium waves in human embryonic stem cells-derived cardiomyocyte 3D clusters, obtained from embryoid body differentiation. A combination of atomic force microscopy to monitor cardiac contractility, and sensitive fast scientific complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor camera for epifluorescence video recording, provided correlated signals in real time. To speed up the integrated data processing, we tested several post-processing algorithms, to improve the automatic detection of relevant functional parameters. The validation of our proposed method was assessed by caffeine stimulation (10mM) and detection/characterization of the induced cardiac response. We successfully report the first simultaneous recording of cardiac contractility and calcium waves on the described cardiac 3D models. The drug stimulation confirmed the automatic detection capabilities of the used algorithms, measuring expected physiological response, such as elongation of contraction time and Ca2+ cytosolic persistence, increased calcium basal fluorescence, and transient peaks. These results contribute to the implementation of novel, integrated, high-information, and reliable experimental systems for cardiac models and drug evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Caluori
- International Clinical Research Centre of Saint Anne Hospital of Brno (FNUSA-ICRC), Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology Group, Brno, Czech Republic.,Nanobiotechnology Group, Central European Institute of Technology of Masaryk University (CEITEC-MU), Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Pribyl
- Nanobiotechnology Group, Central European Institute of Technology of Masaryk University (CEITEC-MU), Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vratislav Cmiel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pesl
- International Clinical Research Centre of Saint Anne Hospital of Brno (FNUSA-ICRC), Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology Group, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Biology, Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Potocnak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Provaznik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Skladal
- Nanobiotechnology Group, Central European Institute of Technology of Masaryk University (CEITEC-MU), Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Rotrekl
- Department of Biology, Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine, Brno, Czech Republic
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23
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Weber IP, Rana M, Thomas PBM, Dimov IB, Franze K, Rajan MS. Effect of vital dyes on human corneal endothelium and elasticity of Descemet's membrane. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184375. [PMID: 28902856 PMCID: PMC5597301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of vital dyes on human Descemet's membranes (DMs) and endothelia. DMs of 25 human cadaveric corneas with research consent were treated with dyes routinely used in Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK), 0.05% Trypan blue (TB) or a combination of 0.15% Trypan blue, 0.025% Brilliant blue and 4% Polyethylene glycol (commercial name Membrane Blue Dual; MB). The effects of these two dyes on (i) endothelial cell viability, (ii) DM mechanical properties as assessed by atomic force microscopy, and iii) qualitative DM dye retention were tested for two varying exposure times (one or four minutes). No significant differences in cell toxicity were observed between treatments with TB and MB at the two different exposure times (P = 0.21). Further, both dyes led to a significant increase in DM stiffness: exposure to TB and MB for one minute increased the apparent elastic modulus of the DM by 11.2% (P = 8*10−3) and 17.7%, respectively (P = 4*10−6). A four-minute exposure led to an increase of 8.6% for TB (P = 0.004) and 13.6% for MB (P = 0.03). Finally, at 25 minutes, the dye retention of the DM was considerably better for MB compared to TB. Taken together, a one-minute exposure to MB was found to improve DM visibility compared to TB, with a significant increase in DM stiffness and without detrimental effects on endothelial cell viability. The use of MB could therefore improve (i) visibility of the DM scroll, and (ii) intraoperative unfolding, enhancing the probability of successful DMEK surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabell P. Weber
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Anatomy Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mrinal Rana
- Department of Ophthalmology, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Peter B. M. Thomas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan B. Dimov
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Anatomy Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kristian Franze
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Anatomy Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Madhavan S. Rajan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Vision and Eye Research Unit (VERU), Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Fu W, Zhang W. Hybrid AFM for Nanoscale Physicochemical Characterization: Recent Development and Emerging Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1603525. [PMID: 28121376 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201603525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has evolved to be one of the most powerful tools for the characterization of material surfaces especially at the nanoscale. Recent development of AFM has incorporated a suite of analytical techniques including surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique and infrared (IR) spectroscopy to further reveal chemical composition and map the chemical distribution. This incorporation not only elevates the functionality of AFM but also increases the resolution limitation of conventional IR and Raman spectroscopy. Despite the rapid development of such hybrid AFM techniques, many unique features, principles, applications, potential pitfalls or artifacts are not well known to the community. This review systematically summarizes the recent relevant literature on hybrid AFM principles and applications. It focuses specially on AFM-IR and AFM-Raman techniques. Various applications in different research fields are critically reviewed and discussed, highlighting the potentials of these hybrid AFM techniques. Here, the major drawbacks and limitations of these two hybrid AFM techniques are presented. The intentions of this article are to shed new light on the future research and achieve improvements in stability and reliability of the measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyi Fu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
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25
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Todinova S, Komsa-Penkova R, Krumova S, Taneva SG, Golemanov G, Georgieva G, Tonchev P, Tsankov B, Beshev L, Balashev K, Andreeva TD. PlA2 Polymorphism in Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Modulates the Morphology and Nanomechanics of Platelets. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2017; 23:951-960. [PMID: 28081621 DOI: 10.1177/1076029616687847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa) is the most abundant platelet surface receptor for fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor. Polymorphism PlA1/A2 in the gene of GPIIb/IIIa is among the risk factors for the development of arterial and venous thrombosis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of the carriage of PlA1/A2 on the size, topographic features, and membrane stiffness of platelets from healthy controls and patients with deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging and nanoindentation (force-distance curves) were applied to investigate the morphological and nanomechanical properties (Young's modulus) of platelets immobilized on glass surface. The surface roughness ( Ra) and height ( h) of platelets from patients with DVT, carriers of mutant allele PlA2 ( Ra = 30.2 ± 6 nm; h = 766 ± 182 nm) and noncarriers ( Ra = 28.6 ± 6 nm; h = 865 ± 290 nm), were lower than those of healthy carriers of allele PlA2 ( Ra = 48.1 ± 12 nm; h = 1072 ± 338 nm) and healthy noncarriers ( Ra = 49.7 ± 14 nm; h = 1021 ± 433 nm), respectively. Platelets isolated from patients with DVT, both carriers and noncarriers, exhibit much higher degree of stiffness at the stage of spreading ( E = 327 ± 85 kPa and 341 ± 102 kPa, respectively) compared to healthy noncarriers ( E = 198 ± 50 kPa). In addition, more pronounced level of platelet activation was found in polymorphism carriers. In conclusion, the carriage of PlA2 allele modulates the activation state, morphology, and membrane elasticity of platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetla Todinova
- 1 Department of Biomacromolecules and Biomolecular Interactions, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Sashka Krumova
- 1 Department of Biomacromolecules and Biomolecular Interactions, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Stefka G Taneva
- 1 Department of Biomacromolecules and Biomolecular Interactions, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Georgy Golemanov
- 2 Department of Biochemistry, Medical University, Pleven, Bulgaria
| | - Galia Georgieva
- 2 Department of Biochemistry, Medical University, Pleven, Bulgaria
| | - Pencho Tonchev
- 3 Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Pleven, Bulgaria
| | - Boris Tsankov
- 3 Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Pleven, Bulgaria
| | - Lyubomir Beshev
- 3 Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Pleven, Bulgaria
| | - Konstantin Balashev
- 4 Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tonya D Andreeva
- 1 Department of Biomacromolecules and Biomolecular Interactions, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Sadoun A, Puech PH. Quantifying CD95/cl-CD95L Implications in Cell Mechanics and Membrane Tension by Atomic Force Microscopy Based Force Measurements. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1557:139-151. [PMID: 28078590 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6780-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an invaluable tool to investigate the structure of biological material surfaces by imaging them at nanometer scale in physiological conditions. It can also be used to measure the forces and mechanics from single molecule interaction to cell-cell adhesion. Here, we present a methodology that allows to quantify cell elastic properties (using the Young modulus) and cell membrane tension modulated by CD95/cl-CD95L interactions by coupling nanoindentation and membrane tube pulling using suitably decorated AFM levers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Sadoun
- Aix Marseille Université, LAI UM 61, Marseille, 13288, France.,Inserm, UMR_S 1067, Marseille, 13288, France.,CNRS, UMR 7333, Marseille, 13288, France.,Laboratoire Adhésion et Inflammation (LAI), Case 937 - 163, avenue de Luminyy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Pierre-Henri Puech
- Aix Marseille Université, LAI UM 61, Marseille, 13288, France. .,Inserm, UMR_S 1067, Marseille, 13288, France. .,CNRS, UMR 7333, Marseille, 13288, France. .,Laboratoire Adhésion et Inflammation (LAI), Case 937 - 163, avenue de Luminyy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France.
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27
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Nguyen TD, Gu Y. Investigation of Cell-Substrate Adhesion Properties of Living Chondrocyte by Measuring Adhesive Shear Force and Detachment Using AFM and Inverse FEA. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38059. [PMID: 27892536 PMCID: PMC5125162 DOI: 10.1038/srep38059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-known that cell adhesion is important in many biological processes such as cell migration and proliferation. A better understanding of the cell adhesion process will shed insight into these cellular biological responses as well as cell adhesion-related diseases treatment. However, there is little research which has attempted to investigate the process of cell adhesion and its mechanism. Thus, this paper aims to study the time-dependent adhesion properties of single living chondrocytes using an advanced coupled experimental-numerical approach. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) tips will be used to apply lateral forces to detach chondrocytes that are seeded for three different periods. An advanced Finite Element Analysis (FEA) model combining porohyperelastic (PHE) constitutive model and cohesive zone formulation is developed to explore the mechanism of adhesion. The results revealed that the cells can resist normal traction better than tangential traction in the beginning of adhesion. This is when the cell adhesion molecules establish early attachment to the substrates. After that when the cells are spreading, stress fiber bundles generate tangential traction on the substrate to form strong adhesion. Both simulation and experimental results agree well with each other, providing a powerful tool to study the cellular adhesion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trung Dung Nguyen
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - YuanTong Gu
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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28
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Zhu X, Siamantouras E, Liu K, Liu X. Determination of work of adhesion of biological cell under AFM bead indentation. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 56:77-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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29
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Shan Y, Wang H. The structure and function of cell membranes examined by atomic force microscopy and single-molecule force spectroscopy. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 44:3617-38. [PMID: 25893228 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00508b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The cell membrane is one of the most complicated biological complexes, and long-term fierce debates regarding the cell membrane persist because of technical hurdles. With the rapid development of nanotechnology and single-molecule techniques, our understanding of cell membranes has substantially increased. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has provided several unprecedented advances (e.g., high resolution, three-dimensional and in situ measurements) in the study of cell membranes and has been used to systematically dissect the membrane structure in situ from both sides of membranes; as a result, novel models of cell membranes have recently been proposed. This review summarizes the new progress regarding membrane structure using in situ AFM and single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS), which may shed light on the study of the structure and functions of cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China.
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30
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Sumetpipat K, Baowan D, Cox BJ, Hill JM. Mathematical methods on atomic force microscope cantilever systems. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra02126c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mathematical modelling, comprising Lennard–Jones potential and calculus of variations, is utilized to obtain the energy equations arising from AFM probe and substrate, leading to deflection equations of AFM cantilever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanes Sumetpipat
- Department of Mathematics
- Faculty of Science
- Mahidol University
- Centre of Excellence in Mathematics
- CHE
| | - Duangkamon Baowan
- Department of Mathematics
- Faculty of Science
- Mahidol University
- Centre of Excellence in Mathematics
- CHE
| | - Barry J. Cox
- School of Mathematical Sciences
- The University of Adelaide
- Adelaide
- Australia
| | - James M. Hill
- School of Information Technology and Mathematical Sciences
- University of South Australia
- Mawson Lakes
- Australia
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31
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Siamantouras E, Hills CE, Squires PE, Liu KK. Quantifying cellular mechanics and adhesion in renal tubular injury using single cell force spectroscopy. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 12:1013-1021. [PMID: 26733260 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.12.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Tubulointerstitial fibrosis represents the major underlying pathology of diabetic nephropathy where loss of cell-to-cell adhesion is a critical step. To date, research has predominantly focussed on the loss of cell surface molecular binding events that include altered protein ligation. In the current study, atomic force microscopy single cell force spectroscopy (AFM-SCFS) was used to quantify changes in cellular stiffness and cell adhesion in TGF-β1 treated kidney cells of the human proximal tubule (HK2). AFM indentation of TGF-β1 treated HK2 cells showed a significant increase (42%) in the elastic modulus (stiffness) compared to control. Fluorescence microscopy confirmed that increased cell stiffness is accompanied by reorganization of the cytoskeleton. The corresponding changes in stiffness, due to F-actin rearrangement, affected the work of detachment by changing the separation distance between two adherent cells. Overall, our novel data quantitatively demonstrate a correlation between cellular elasticity, adhesion and early morphologic/phenotypic changes associated with tubular injury. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR Diabetes affects many patients worldwide. One of the long term problems is diabetic nephropathy. Here, the authors utilized atomic force microscopy single cell force spectroscopy (AFM- SCFS) to study cellular stiffness and cell adhesion after TGF1 treatment in human proximal tubule kidney cells. The findings would help further understand the overall disease mechanism in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claire E Hills
- School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | - Paul E Squires
- School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | - Kuo-Kang Liu
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
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32
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Cao Z, Dobrynin AV. Contact Mechanics of Nanoparticles: Pulling Rigid Nanoparticles from Soft, Polymeric Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:12520-12529. [PMID: 26509998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b03222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Detachment of rigid nanoparticles from soft, gel-like polymeric surfaces is studied by using a combination of the molecular dynamics simulations and theoretical calculations. Simulations show that detachment of nanoparticles from soft surfaces proceeds through a neck formation. Analysis of the simulation results demonstrates that the magnitude of the detachment force f* depends on the nanoparticle radius R(p), shear modulus of substrate G(s), surface tension of substrate γ(s), and work of adhesion W. It is controlled by the balance of the elastic energy, surface energy of the neck, and nanoparticle adhesion energy to a substrate and depends on the dimensionless parameter δ ∝ γ(s)(G(s)R(p))(-1/3)W(-2/3). In the case of small values of the parameter δ ≪ 1, the critical detachment force approaches a critical detachment force calculated by Johnson, Kendall, and Roberts for adhesive contact, f* = 1.5πWR(p). However, in the opposite limit, corresponding to soft substrates, for which δ ≫ 1, the critical detachment force f* ∝ γ(s)(3/2)R(p)(1/2)G(s)(-1/2). All simulation data can be described by a scaling function f* ∝ γ(s)(3/2)R(p)(1/2)G(s)(-1/2)δ(-1.89).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cao
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Andrey V Dobrynin
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
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33
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A Parallel-Plate Flow Chamber for Mechanical Characterization of Endothelial Cells Exposed to Laminar Shear Stress. Cell Mol Bioeng 2015; 9:127-138. [PMID: 28989541 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-015-0424-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Shear stresses induced by laminar fluid flow are essential to properly recapitulate the physiological microenvironment experienced by endothelial cells (ECs). ECs respond to these stresses via mechanotransduction by modulating their phenotype and biomechanical characteristics, which can be characterized by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Parallel Plate Flow Chambers (PPFCs) apply unidirectional laminar fluid flow to EC monolayers in vitro. Since ECs in sealed PPFCs are inaccessible to AFM probes, cone-and-plate viscometers (CPs) are commonly used to apply shear stress. This paper presents a comparison of the efficacies of both methods. Computational Fluid Dynamic simulation and validation testing using EC responses as a metric have indicated limitations in the use of CPs to apply laminar shear stress. Monolayers subjected to laminar fluid flow in a PPFC respond by increasing cortical stiffness, elongating, and aligning filamentous actin in the direction of fluid flow to a greater extent than CP devices. Limitations using CP devices to provide laminar flow across an EC monolayer suggest they are better suited when studying EC response for disturbed flow conditions. PPFC platforms allow for exposure of ECs to laminar fluid flow conditions, recapitulating cellular biomechanical behaviors, whereas CP platforms allow for mechanical characterization of ECs under secondary flow.
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34
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Cazaux S, Sadoun A, Biarnes-Pelicot M, Martinez M, Obeid S, Bongrand P, Limozin L, Puech PH. Synchronizing atomic force microscopy force mode and fluorescence microscopy in real time for immune cell stimulation and activation studies. Ultramicroscopy 2015; 160:168-181. [PMID: 26521163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A method is presented for combining atomic force microscopy (AFM) force mode and fluorescence microscopy in order to (a) mechanically stimulate immune cells while recording the subsequent activation under the form of calcium pulses, and (b) observe the mechanical response of a cell upon photoactivation of a small G protein, namely Rac. Using commercial set-ups and a robust signal coupling the fluorescence excitation light and the cantilever bending, the applied force and activation signals were very easily synchronized. This approach allows to control the entire mechanical history of a single cell up to its activation and response down to a few hundreds of milliseconds, and can be extended with very minimal adaptations to other cellular systems where mechanotransduction is studied, using either purely mechanical stimuli or via a surface bound specific ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Cazaux
- Aix Marseille Université, LAI UM 61, Marseille F-13288, France; Inserm, UMR_S 1067, Marseille F-13288, France; CNRS, UMR 7333, Marseille F-13288, France
| | - Anaïs Sadoun
- Aix Marseille Université, LAI UM 61, Marseille F-13288, France; Inserm, UMR_S 1067, Marseille F-13288, France; CNRS, UMR 7333, Marseille F-13288, France
| | - Martine Biarnes-Pelicot
- Aix Marseille Université, LAI UM 61, Marseille F-13288, France; Inserm, UMR_S 1067, Marseille F-13288, France; CNRS, UMR 7333, Marseille F-13288, France
| | - Manuel Martinez
- Aix Marseille Université, LAI UM 61, Marseille F-13288, France; Inserm, UMR_S 1067, Marseille F-13288, France; CNRS, UMR 7333, Marseille F-13288, France
| | - Sameh Obeid
- Aix Marseille Université, LAI UM 61, Marseille F-13288, France; Inserm, UMR_S 1067, Marseille F-13288, France; CNRS, UMR 7333, Marseille F-13288, France
| | - Pierre Bongrand
- Aix Marseille Université, LAI UM 61, Marseille F-13288, France; Inserm, UMR_S 1067, Marseille F-13288, France; CNRS, UMR 7333, Marseille F-13288, France; APHM, Hôpital de la Conception, Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Marseille F-13385, France
| | - Laurent Limozin
- Aix Marseille Université, LAI UM 61, Marseille F-13288, France; Inserm, UMR_S 1067, Marseille F-13288, France; CNRS, UMR 7333, Marseille F-13288, France
| | - Pierre-Henri Puech
- Aix Marseille Université, LAI UM 61, Marseille F-13288, France; Inserm, UMR_S 1067, Marseille F-13288, France; CNRS, UMR 7333, Marseille F-13288, France.
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Seifert J, Rheinlaender J, Novak P, Korchev YE, Schäffer TE. Comparison of Atomic Force Microscopy and Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy for Live Cell Imaging. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:6807-13. [PMID: 26011471 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) are excellent and commonly used techniques for imaging the topography of living cells with high resolution. We present a direct comparison of AFM and SICM for imaging microvilli, which are small features on the surface of living cells, and for imaging the shape of whole cells. The imaging quality on microvilli increased significantly after cell fixation for AFM, whereas for SICM it remained constant. The apparent shape of whole cells in the case of AFM depended on the imaging force, which deformed the cell. In the case of SICM, cell deformations were avoided, owing to the contact-free imaging mechanism. We estimated that the lateral resolution on living cells is limited by the cell's elastic modulus for AFM, while it is not for SICM. By long-term, time-lapse imaging of microvilli dynamics, we showed that the imaging quality decreased with time for AFM, while it remained constant for SICM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Seifert
- †Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Pavel Novak
- ‡Division of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- §School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K
| | - Yuri E Korchev
- ‡Division of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Tilman E Schäffer
- †Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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36
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Batiuskaite D, Grinceviciute N, Snitka V. Impact of graphene oxide on viability of Chinese hamster ovary and mouse hepatoma MH-22A cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:1195-200. [PMID: 25982263 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The evaluation of the cyto- and bio-compatibility is a critical step in the development of graphene oxide (GO) as a new promising material for in vivo biomedical applications. In this study, we report the impact of GO, with and without the addition of bovine serum albumin, on healthy (Chinese hamster ovary) and a cancer (mouse hepatoma MH-22A) cells viability and the estimation of the intracellular distribution of GO inside the cells in vitro. The viability tests were performed using a colony formation assay. The intracellular distribution of GO was estimated using Raman spectroscopy and imaging. The viability of both cell lines decreased with increasing concentration of graphene oxide (12.5-50.0 μg/ml): in the case of Chinese hamster ovary cells viability decreased from 44% to 11%, in the case of mouse hepatoma MH-22A cells--from 22% to 3%. These cell lines significantly differed in their response to GO and GO-BSA formulations. The results of viability tests correlate with results of atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy and imaging findings. The GO influence on cell morphology changes, cell structure, cells colony growth dynamics and GO accumulation inside the cells was higher in the case of mouse hepatoma MH-22A cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danute Batiuskaite
- Research Center for Microsystems and Nanotechnology, Kaunas University of Technology, 65 Studentu str., Kaunas LT-51369, Lithuania; Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, 58 K. Donelaicio str., Kaunas LT-44248, Lithuania
| | - Nora Grinceviciute
- Research Center for Microsystems and Nanotechnology, Kaunas University of Technology, 65 Studentu str., Kaunas LT-51369, Lithuania.
| | - Valentinas Snitka
- Research Center for Microsystems and Nanotechnology, Kaunas University of Technology, 65 Studentu str., Kaunas LT-51369, Lithuania.
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37
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Kashef J, Franz CM. Quantitative methods for analyzing cell–cell adhesion in development. Dev Biol 2015; 401:165-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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38
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Nguyen TD, Oloyede A, Gu Y. A poroviscohyperelastic model for numerical analysis of mechanical behavior of single chondrocyte. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2015; 19:126-36. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2014.996875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Gautier HO, Thompson AJ, Achouri S, Koser DE, Holtzmann K, Moeendarbary E, Franze K. Atomic force microscopy-based force measurements on animal cells and tissues. Methods Cell Biol 2015; 125:211-35. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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40
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Gonnermann C, Huang C, Becker SF, Stamov DR, Wedlich D, Kashef J, Franz CM. Quantitating membrane bleb stiffness using AFM force spectroscopy and an optical sideview setup. Integr Biol (Camb) 2015; 7:356-63. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ib00282b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy micro-indentation measurements in combination with an optical sideview setup to characterize the stiffness of blebbing and non-blebbing membranes in the same cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Gonnermann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- Center for Functional Nanostructures
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
| | - Chaolie Huang
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- Zoological Institute
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology
- D-76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Sarah F. Becker
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- Zoological Institute
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology
- D-76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Dimitar R. Stamov
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- Center for Functional Nanostructures
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Doris Wedlich
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- Zoological Institute
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology
- D-76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Jubin Kashef
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- Zoological Institute
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology
- D-76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Clemens M. Franz
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- Center for Functional Nanostructures
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
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41
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Andolfi L, Bourkoula E, Migliorini E, Palma A, Pucer A, Skrap M, Scoles G, Beltrami AP, Cesselli D, Lazzarino M. Investigation of adhesion and mechanical properties of human glioma cells by single cell force spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112582. [PMID: 25390644 PMCID: PMC4229222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Active cell migration and invasion is a peculiar feature of glioma that makes this tumor able to rapidly infiltrate into the surrounding brain tissue. In our recent work, we identified a novel class of glioma-associated-stem cells (defined as GASC for high-grade glioma -HG- and Gasc for low-grade glioma -LG-) that, although not tumorigenic, act supporting the biological aggressiveness of glioma-initiating stem cells (defined as GSC for HG and Gsc for LG) favoring also their motility. Migrating cancer cells undergo considerable molecular and cellular changes by remodeling their cytoskeleton and cell interactions with surrounding environment. To get a better understanding about the role of the glioma-associated-stem cells in tumor progression, cell deformability and interactions between glioma-initiating stem cells and glioma-associated-stem cells were investigated. Adhesion of HG/LG-cancer cells on HG/LG-glioma-associated stem cells was studied by time-lapse microscopy, while cell deformability and cell-cell adhesion strengths were quantified by indentation measurements by atomic force microscopy and single cell force spectroscopy. Our results demonstrate that for both HG and LG glioma, cancer-initiating-stem cells are softer than glioma-associated-stem cells, in agreement with their neoplastic features. The adhesion strength of GSC on GASC appears to be significantly lower than that observed for Gsc on Gasc. Whereas, GSC spread and firmly adhere on Gasc with an adhesion strength increased as compared to that obtained on GASC. These findings highlight that the grade of glioma-associated-stem cells plays an important role in modulating cancer cell adhesion, which could affect glioma cell migration, invasion and thus cancer aggressiveness. Moreover this work provides evidence about the importance of investigating cell adhesion and elasticity for new developments in disease diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Andolfi
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali-National Research Council, Trieste, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Eugenia Bourkoula
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Elisa Migliorini
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire, Ingénierie et Interactions Bio Moléculaires, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
| | - Anita Palma
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Anja Pucer
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Miran Skrap
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Giacinto Scoles
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Cesselli
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Marco Lazzarino
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali-National Research Council, Trieste, Italy
- Cluster in Biomedicine, Trieste, Italy
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42
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Lu P, Yao S, Cai J, Yang PH. Synthesis and synergetic anti-tumor activity evaluation of dihydroartemisinin-organogermanium(IV) compound. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:5294-7. [PMID: 25304899 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Dihydroartemisinin (DHA), a semi-synthetic derivative of the herb artemisinin, has shown commendable bioactivity. In this paper, a novel dihydroartemisinin-organogermanium (DHA-Ge) compound was synthesized, characterized and its potential anti-tumor activity was evaluated by various methods. MTT results demonstrated that DHA-Ge could effectively inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells and showed their dose-dependent properties. The IC50 value of inhibition effect on HepG2 cells of DHA-Ge was 10.23 μg/ml which was lower than 39.44 μg/ml of DHA. Flow cytometric results suggested that DHA-Ge could induce apoptosis of HepG2 cells and the apoptosis rate was 20.26% after 24h treatment with 56.8 μg/ml DHA-Ge concentration. Atomic force microscopy images showed that HepG2 cells were collapsed and the cell nucleus were fragmented after 24h treatment. All these results together showed that the DHA-Ge possessed desirable synergetic enhanced anti-tumor effects and could be developed as a suitable tumor therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shuguang Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jiye Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Pei-hui Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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43
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Nanomechanical Investigation of Soft Biological Cell Adhesion using Atomic Force Microscopy. Cell Mol Bioeng 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12195-014-0359-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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44
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Cao Z, Stevens MJ, Dobrynin AV. Adhesion and Wetting of Nanoparticles on Soft Surfaces. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500317q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cao
- Polymer
Program, Institute of Materials Science and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Mark J. Stevens
- Center
for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-1315, United States
| | - Andrey V. Dobrynin
- Polymer
Program, Institute of Materials Science and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
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45
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Siamantouras E, Hills CE, Younis MYG, Squires PE, Liu KK. Quantitative investigation of calcimimetic R568 on beta cell adhesion and mechanics using AFM single-cell force spectroscopy. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:1178-83. [PMID: 24613916 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study we use a novel approach to quantitatively investigate mechanical and interfacial properties of clonal β-cells using AFM-Single Cell Force Spectroscopy (SCFS). MIN6 cells were incubated for 48 h with 0.5 mM Ca(2+) ± the calcimimetic R568 (1 μM). AFM-SCFS adhesion and indentation experiments were performed by using modified tipless cantilevers. Hertz contact model was applied to analyse force-displacement (F-d) curves for determining elastic or Young's modulus (E). Our results show CaSR-evoked increases in cell-to-cell adhesion parameters and E modulus of single cells, demonstrating that cytomechanics have profound effects on cell adhesion characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claire E Hills
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | - Paul E Squires
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Kuo-Kang Liu
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL, UK.
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46
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Kainz B, Oprzeska-Zingrebe EA, Herrera JL. Biomaterial and cellular properties as examined through atomic force microscopy, fluorescence optical microscopies and spectroscopic techniques. Biotechnol J 2013; 9:51-60. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201300087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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47
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Linkov P, Artemyev M, Efimov AE, Nabiev I. Comparative advantages and limitations of the basic metrology methods applied to the characterization of nanomaterials. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:8781-8798. [PMID: 23934544 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr02372a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication of modern nanomaterials and nanostructures with specific functional properties is both scientifically promising and commercially profitable. The preparation and use of nanomaterials require adequate methods for the control and characterization of their size, shape, chemical composition, crystalline structure, energy levels, pathways and dynamics of physical and chemical processes during their fabrication and further use. In this review, we discuss different instrumental methods for the analysis and metrology of materials and evaluate their advantages and limitations at the nanolevel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Linkov
- Laboratory of Nano-Bioengineering, National Research Nuclear University, Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, 31 Kashirskoe sh., 115409 Moscow, Russian Federation.
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48
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Abstract
The ability of microorganisms to survive under extreme conditions is closely related to the physicochemical properties of their wall. In the ubiquitous protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, the oocyst stage possesses a bilayered wall that protects the dormant but potentially infective parasites from harsh environmental conditions until their ingestion by the host. None of the common disinfectants are effective in killing the parasite because the oocyst wall acts as a primary barrier to physical and chemical attacks. Here, we address the structure and chemistry of the wall of the T. gondii oocyst by combining wall surface treatments, fluorescence imaging, EM, and measurements of its mechanical characteristics by using atomic force microscopy. Elasticity and indentation measurements indicated that the oocyst wall resembles common plastic materials, based on the Young moduli, E, evaluated by atomic force microscopy. Our study demonstrates that the inner layer is as robust as the bilayered wall itself. Besides wall mechanics, our results suggest important differences regarding the nonspecific adhesive properties of each layer. All together, these findings suggest a key biological role for the oocyst wall mechanics in maintaining the integrity of the T. gondii oocysts in the environment or after exposure to disinfectants, and therefore their potential infectivity to humans and animals.
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49
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Satori CP, Henderson MM, Krautkramer EA, Kostal V, Distefano MM, Arriaga EA. Bioanalysis of eukaryotic organelles. Chem Rev 2013; 113:2733-811. [PMID: 23570618 PMCID: PMC3676536 DOI: 10.1021/cr300354g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chad P. Satori
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455
| | - Michelle M. Henderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455
| | - Elyse A. Krautkramer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455
| | - Vratislav Kostal
- Tescan, Libusina trida 21, Brno, 623 00, Czech Republic
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry ASCR, Veveri 97, Brno, 602 00, Czech Republic
| | - Mark M. Distefano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455
| | - Edgar A. Arriaga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455
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50
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Last JA, Thomasy SM, Croasdale CR, Russell P, Murphy CJ. Compliance profile of the human cornea as measured by atomic force microscopy. Micron 2012; 43:1293-8. [PMID: 22421334 PMCID: PMC3622051 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2012.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The ability to accurately determine the elastic modulus of each layer of the human cornea is a crucial step in the design of better corneal prosthetics. In addition, knowledge of the elastic modulus will allow design of substrates with relevant mechanical properties for in vitro investigations of cellular behavior. Previously, we have reported elastic modulus values for the anterior basement membrane and Descemet's membrane of the human cornea, the surfaces in contact with the epithelial and endothelial cells, respectively. We have completed the compliance profile of the stromal elements of the human cornea by obtaining elastic modulus values for Bowman's layer and the anterior stroma. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to determine the elastic modulus, which is a measure of the tissue stiffness and is inversely proportional to the compliance. The elastic response of the tissue allows analysis with the Hertz equation, a model that provides a relationship between the indentation force and depth and is a function of the tip radius and the modulus of the substrate. The elastic modulus values for each layer of the cornea are: 7.5±4.2 kPa (anterior basement membrane), 109.8±13.2 kPa (Bowman's layer), 33.1±6.1 kPa (anterior stroma), and 50±17.8 kPa (Descemet's membrane). These results indicate that the biophysical properties, including elastic modulus, of each layer of the human cornea are unique and may play a role in the maintenance of homeostasis as well as in the response to therapeutic agents and disease states. The data will also inform the design and fabrication of improved corneal prosthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A. Last
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation and the Materials Science Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Sara M. Thomasy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis
| | | | - Paul Russell
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis
| | - Christopher J. Murphy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis
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