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Monnolo A, Clausi MT, Mercogliano R, Fusco G, Fiorentino ML, Buono F, Lama A, Ferrante MC. Levels of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in donkey milk: Correlation with the infection level by intestinal strongyles. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 258:127287. [PMID: 32535446 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM The study aimed at evaluating the concentration levels of organochlorine pollutants in donkey milk and their modulation on the intestinal strongyle infection. Risk evaluation for consumer health was also investigated. METHODS We analyzed milk of grazing donkeys living in areas of Southern of Italy affected by organochlorine compounds environmental pollution and parasite infection. The presence of pollutants was assessed through summary statistics; regression analysis of intestinal strongyle on pollutant concentration was performed to investigate the relationship between the two variables. RESULTS PCB concentrations (mainly non-dioxin-like (ndl)-PCBs) were higher than OCP ones. Mean values of ndl-PCBs across areas ranged from 93.13 to 263.64 ng g-1. In all sample units we detected the six indicator PCBs with the prevalence of the PCB 153, followed by the PCB 28 and the PCB 101. Among the dioxin-like (dl)-PCBs, non-ortho PCB 169, 77 and 126 were assessed in some milk samples; in all areas we detected the mono-ortho PCB 118 and PCB 105. Positive correlation between infection level and six indicator PCBs as well as between the former and HCB, on WW and LW, were observed (at least statistically significant at 5 percent). In some cases, Dl-PCB concentrations emerged as dangerous given the EU maximum residue limit for PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs. CONCLUSION Evidence supports the hypothesis of an immunosuppressive role of organochlorine pollutants; risk evaluation reveals the potential health impact of dl-PCB intake, particularly for major donkey milk consumers such as infants, children with cow milk and multiple food intolerance, and elders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Monnolo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - M T Clausi
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Southern Italy, Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - R Mercogliano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - G Fusco
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Southern Italy, Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - M L Fiorentino
- Environmental Research Center, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - F Buono
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - A Lama
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - M C Ferrante
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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2
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Peinado FM, Artacho-Cordón F, Barrios-Rodríguez R, Arrebola JP. Influence of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides on the inflammatory milieu. A systematic review of in vitro, in vivo and epidemiological studies. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 186:109561. [PMID: 32668538 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are relevant families of persistent organic pollutants, which have been linked to several long-term adverse health effects. The mechanisms of action of these pollutants are still poorly understood. However, there are some evidences suggesting that inflammation might play a key role on their effects. AIM To systematically synthesize the published in vitro, in vivo and epidemiological data assessing the potential influence of exposure to OCPs and PCBs on the development of an inflammatory milieu. METHODS A systematic review of peer-reviewed original research papers published until 1st May 2019 was conducted, by using Medline, Web of Science and Scopus databases. A total of 39 articles met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated in this review. RESULTS The majority of the studies showed significant associations of PCB and OCP exposure with all inflammatory markers measured (n = 30). Some studies showed positive and negative associations (n = 7) and only two studies evidenced negative associations (n = 2). Most of the available evidences came from in vitro and in vivo studies (n = 31), with few epidemiological studies (n = 8). CONCLUSIONS We found consistent positive associations between exposure to PCBs and OCPs and the development of a pro-inflammatory milieu, with only few discrepancies. However, given the limited epidemiological evidence found, our results warrant further research in order to elucidate the real contribution of these pollutants on the inflammatory processes and subsequent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Peinado
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - F Artacho-Cordón
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain; University of Granada, Radiology and Physical Medicine Department, Granada, Spain; CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - R Barrios-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain; University of Granada, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Granada, Spain; CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - J P Arrebola
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain; University of Granada, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Granada, Spain; CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain.
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3
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Shores DR, Everett AD. Children as Biomarker Orphans: Progress in the Field of Pediatric Biomarkers. J Pediatr 2018; 193:14-20.e31. [PMID: 29031860 PMCID: PMC5794519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Darla R Shores
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
| | - Allen D Everett
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Parker-Lalomio M, McCann K, Piorkowski J, Freels S, Persky VW. Prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and asthma, eczema/hay fever, and frequent ear infections. J Asthma 2017; 55:1105-1115. [PMID: 29211547 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2017.1396470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The effects of prenatal exposure to Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on the development of asthma, frequent ear infections, and eczema/hay fever are not well understood. We aim to investigate associations between prenatal PCB exposure and these health outcomes in the offspring of women who worked at the LaSalle Electrical Utilities Company (EUC). METHODS A retrospective cohort with at least one live birth and known employment time at EUC was eligible for this analysis. Exposure was defined and categorized by the number of fiscal quarters worked during the PCB era (1952-1981). A total of 288 women with 800 live births were included. A Chi-Square test was used to compare maternal and child characteristics across exposure groups and repeated measures logistic regression, controlling for clustering among siblings, was used to assess the associations between prenatal PCB exposure and these outcomes. RESULTS After adjustment for confounding and independent maternal predictors, 1-4 quarters of prenatal exposure to PCBs increased the odds for asthma (OR 3.24[1.30-8.09]), eczema/hay fever (OR 3.29[1.54-7.04]), and frequent ear infections (OR 2.24[1.19-4.22]) when compared with persons unexposed/exposed only to naphthalenes. The significance of the associations varied by exposure period and level of exposure, with the strongest associations in those employed exclusively after 1952 when PCBs were introduced. CONCLUSIONS These results support previous findings of associations of prenatal exposure to PCBs with asthma, eczema/hay fever, and frequent ear infections. Additional prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings. Also required are more precise PCB exposures to separate them from other exposures in occupational settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Parker-Lalomio
- a Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Kenneth McCann
- b Division of Environmental Health, Illinois Department of Public Health , Springfield , IL , USA
| | - Julie Piorkowski
- a Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Sally Freels
- a Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Victoria W Persky
- a Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA
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Wynn D, Deo S, Daunert S. Engineering Rugged Field Assays to Detect Hazardous Chemicals Using Spore-Based Bacterial Biosensors. Methods Enzymol 2017; 589:51-85. [PMID: 28336074 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial whole cell-based biosensors have been genetically engineered to achieve selective and reliable detection of a wide range of hazardous chemicals. Although whole-cell biosensors demonstrate many advantages for field-based detection of target analytes, there are still some challenges that need to be addressed. Most notably, their often modest shelf life and need for special handling and storage make them challenging to use in situations where access to reagents, instrumentation, and expertise are limited. These problems can be circumvented by developing biosensors in Bacillus spores, which can be engineered to address all of these concerns. In its sporulated state, a whole cell-based biosensor has a remarkably long life span and is exceptionally resistant to environmental insult. When these spores are germinated for use in analytical techniques, they show no loss in performance, even after long periods of storage under harsh conditions. In this chapter, we will discuss the development and use of whole cell-based sensors, their adaptation to spore-based biosensors, their current applications, and future directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wynn
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Sapna Deo
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Sylvia Daunert
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.
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Henríquez-Hernández LA, Boada LD, Pérez-Arellano JL, Carranza C, Ruiz-Suárez N, Jaén Sánchez N, Valerón PF, Zumbado M, Camacho M, Luzardo OP. Relationship of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) with parasitism, iron homeostasis, and other health outcomes: Results from a cross-sectional study on recently arrived African immigrants. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 150:549-556. [PMID: 26253855 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are toxic and persistent chemicals produced between 1930s and 1980s, which accumulate in humans and wildlife. Although a decreasing trend of PCB levels in humans has been described in developed countries, mainly as a consequence of strict regulations and remediation plans, an inverse trend has been recently reported in people from developing countries. We had the opportunity of sampling a series of African immigrants recently arrived to the Spanish archipelago of the Canary Islands, in which high levels of PCBs have been described, and we studied the relationships between their level of contamination and health status. A total of 570 subjects who underwent a complete medical examination and a face-to-face interview were recruited for this study. Hematological and biochemical parameters (blood and urine) were determined in all participants. Serology for the diagnostic of infectious diseases was also performed, and direct identification of parasites was performed in feces, urine or blood samples when appropriate. It is remarkable that up to 26.0% of the population had intestinal parasites, and we found an inverse relationship between PCB levels and parasitism and parasitic diseases: median values of PCBs were lower in parasitized subjects than in subjects without parasites in stool (237.6ng/g fat vs. 154.4ng/g fat for marker PCBs, p=0.015) and median values of dioxin-like PCBs were lower in subjects carrying pathogen parasites than among subjects showing non-pathogen parasites in stool (0.0 ng/g fat vs. 13.1ng/g fat, respectively; p=0.001). Although this inverse association had been described in some vertebrates this is the first study reporting such an association in humans. Furthermore, it has been also recently described that PCBs may disrupt iron metabolism, and we found a direct relationship between serum iron and total PCBs burden (r=0.231, p=0.025), suggesting that PCBs, although at subclinical level, could play a role on iron homeostasis. Although the role of PCBs in parasitism and in the iron metabolism needs future research, our findings may help to understand the adverse health outcomes associated to environmental exposure to PCBs and they might be used in exposed populations as indicators of subtle effects due to environmental insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alberto Henríquez-Hernández
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Instituto Canario de Investigación del Cáncer (ICIC) and Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Plaza Dr. Pasteur s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Luis D Boada
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Instituto Canario de Investigación del Cáncer (ICIC) and Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Plaza Dr. Pasteur s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - José Luis Pérez-Arellano
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Unit, Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria, Avenida Marítima del Sur, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Plaza Dr. Pasteur s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Cristina Carranza
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Unit, Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria, Avenida Marítima del Sur, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Plaza Dr. Pasteur s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Norberto Ruiz-Suárez
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Instituto Canario de Investigación del Cáncer (ICIC) and Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Plaza Dr. Pasteur s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Nieves Jaén Sánchez
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Unit, Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria, Avenida Marítima del Sur, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Pilar F Valerón
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Instituto Canario de Investigación del Cáncer (ICIC) and Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Plaza Dr. Pasteur s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Manuel Zumbado
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Instituto Canario de Investigación del Cáncer (ICIC) and Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Plaza Dr. Pasteur s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - María Camacho
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Instituto Canario de Investigación del Cáncer (ICIC) and Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Plaza Dr. Pasteur s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Octavio P Luzardo
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Instituto Canario de Investigación del Cáncer (ICIC) and Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Plaza Dr. Pasteur s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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7
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Meng G, Feng Y, Nie Z, Wu X, Wei H, Wu S, Yin Y, Wang Y. Internal exposure levels of typical POPs and their associations with childhood asthma in Shanghai, China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 146:125-135. [PMID: 26748225 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are common persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that may be associated with childhood asthma. The concentrations of PBDEs, PCBs and OCPs were analyzed in pooled serum samples from both asthmatic and non-asthmatic children. The differences in the internal exposure levels between the case and control groups were tested (p value <0.0012). The associations between the internal exposure concentrations of the POPs and childhood asthma were estimated based on the odds ratios (ORs) calculated using logistic regression models. There were significant differences in three PBDEs, 26 PCBs and seven OCPs between the two groups, with significantly higher levels in the cases. The multiple logistic regression models demonstrated that the internal exposure concentrations of a number of the POPs (23 PCBs, p,p'-DDE and α-HCH) were positively associated with childhood asthma. Some synergistic effects were observed when the children were co-exposed to the chemicals. BDE-209 was positively associated with asthma aggravation. This study indicates the potential relationships between the internal exposure concentrations of particular POPs and the development of childhood asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Meng
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Yan Feng
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Zhiqing Nie
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Xiaomeng Wu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Hongying Wei
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Shaowei Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yong Yin
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai 200127, PR China.
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, PR China; Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital / Faculty of Basic Medicine (or Faculty of Public Health), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; MOE and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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