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Bork I, Dombrowsky CS, Bitsch S, Happel D, Geyer FK, Avrutina O, Kolmar H. Tailor-Made Bioactive Papers by Site-Specific and Orthogonal Covalent Immobilization of Proteins. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:5300-5309. [PMID: 39007485 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
A strategy for the bioorthogonal immobilization of proteins onto commercially available filter paper is presented. Recently, a two-step approach has been described that relies on covalent immobilization of a linker molecule to paper, followed by enzyme-mediated conjugation of a protein of interest containing an enzyme-recognition tag. Here, this strategy was expanded by evaluating four different chemical and chemoenzymatic reactions and investigating paper loading efficiency and orthogonality. Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was used as a model protein to allow quantification of protein loading via fluorescence imaging. Two approaches were identified that showed significantly increased loading efficiencies compared with the previously applied conjugation strategy. Additionally, all four methods were proven orthogonal to each other, allowing simultaneous immobilization of a mixture of proteins to a premodified assembly of two paper sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Bork
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Carolin S Dombrowsky
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bitsch
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Dominic Happel
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Felix K Geyer
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Olga Avrutina
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
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2
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Fernández-Santos J, Valls C, Cusola O, Roncero MB. Periodate oxidation of nanofibrillated cellulose films for active packaging applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131553. [PMID: 38621569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
An alternative packaging material based on cellulose that possesses excellent barrier properties and is potentially useful for active packaging has been developed. Cellulose nanofibril was efficiently and selectively oxidized with sodium periodate generating reactive aldehyde groups. These groups formed hemiacetal and hemialdal bonds during film formation and, consequently, highly transparent, elastic and strong films were created even under moisture saturation conditions. The periodate oxidation treatment additionally decreased the polarity of the films and considerably enhanced their water barrier properties. Thus, the water contact angle of films treated for 3 and 6 h was 97° and 102°, their water drop test value was higher than in untreated film (viz., 138 and 141 min with 3 and 6 h of treatment) and their water vapour transmission rate was substantially better (3.31 and 0.78 g m-2 day-1 with 3 and 6 h, respectively). The presence of aldehyde groups facilitated immobilization of the enzyme laccase, which efficiently captures oxygen and prevents food decay as a result. Laccase-containing films oxidized 80 % of Methylene Blue colorant and retained their enzymatic activity after storage for 1 month and 12 reuse cycles, opening the door to the possible creation of a reusable packaging to replace the single-use packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Fernández-Santos
- CELBIOTECH_Paper Engineering Research Group, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya_BarcelonaTech, 08222 Terrassa, Spain.
| | - Cristina Valls
- CELBIOTECH_Paper Engineering Research Group, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya_BarcelonaTech, 08222 Terrassa, Spain.
| | - Oriol Cusola
- CELBIOTECH_Paper Engineering Research Group, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya_BarcelonaTech, 08222 Terrassa, Spain.
| | - M Blanca Roncero
- CELBIOTECH_Paper Engineering Research Group, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya_BarcelonaTech, 08222 Terrassa, Spain.
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Brazaca LC, Imamura AH, Blasques RV, Camargo JR, Janegitz BC, Carrilho E. The use of biological fluids in microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs): Recent advances, challenges and future perspectives. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 246:115846. [PMID: 38006702 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
The use of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) for aiding medical diagnosis is a growing trend in the literature mainly due to their low cost, easy use, simple manufacturing, and great potential for application in low-resource settings. Many important biomarkers (proteins, ions, lipids, hormones, DNA, RNA, drugs, whole cells, and more) and biofluids are available for precise detection and diagnosis. We have reviewed the advances μPADs in medical diagnostics have achieved in the last few years, focusing on the most common human biofluids (whole blood/plasma, sweat, urine, tears, and saliva). The challenges of detecting specific biomarkers in each sample are discussed, along with innovative techniques that overcome such limitations. Finally, the difficulties of commercializing μPADs are considered, and future trends are presented, including wearable devices and integrating multiple steps in a single platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Canniatti Brazaca
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Hikari Imamura
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica-INCTBio, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Vieira Blasques
- Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Matemática e Educação, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Araras, SP, 13600-970, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Rocha Camargo
- Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Matemática e Educação, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Araras, SP, 13600-970, Brazil
| | - Bruno Campos Janegitz
- Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Matemática e Educação, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Araras, SP, 13600-970, Brazil
| | - Emanuel Carrilho
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica-INCTBio, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
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Chen C, Qi M, Fu C, He R, Chen L, Hu J. Ps -Pt nanozyme-based synergistic signal amplification biosensor for highly sensitive colorimetric detection of protein. Talanta 2023; 263:124700. [PMID: 37247452 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Immunosorbent assay is one of the most popular immunological screening techniques which has been widely used for the clinical diagnosis of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). While traditional immunosorbent assay (ELISA) suffers from low detection sensitivity due to its low intensity of colorimetric signal. To improve the sensitivity of AFP detection, we developed a new and sensitive immunocolorimetric biosensor by combining Ps-Pt nanozyme with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated polymerization reaction. The determination of AFP was achieved by measuring the visual color intensity produced by the catalytic oxidation reaction of the 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) solution with Ps-Pt and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Owing to the synergistic catalysis of Ps-Pt and horseradish peroxidase HRP enriched in polymerized amplification products, this biosensor exhibited a significant color change within 25 s in the presence of 10-500 pg/mL AFP. This proposed method allowed for the specific detection of AFP with a detection limit of 4.30 pg/mL and even 10 pg/mL target protein could be distinguished clearly by visual observation. Furthermore, this biosensor could be applied to analysis of AFP in the complex sample and could be easily extended to the detection of other proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, PR China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, College of Photoelectric Materials and Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, Hubei, China.
| | - Mengting Qi
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, College of Photoelectric Materials and Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, Hubei, China
| | - Cheng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, PR China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, College of Photoelectric Materials and Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, Hubei, China
| | - Rongxiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, PR China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, College of Photoelectric Materials and Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, Hubei, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Jiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, Hubei, China.
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5
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Chen Y, Xu A, Li J, Zhu X, Zou M, Liu S. Highly sensitive paper-based immunoassay: Combining nanomaterials modified cellulose with covalent and oriented immobilization of antibody. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 231:115389. [PMID: 37087775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Among the analytical tools, paper-based analytical devices (PADs) have become a leading alternative for point-of care testing (POCT). In this study, PADs were fabricated using an office laser printer. Then, the paper zone was modified with graphene oxide (GO) and pyrene derivatives, which provide a sufficient amount of carboxylic groups for conjugating antibodies. At an optimal pH, antibodies were covalently bound onto carboxylated cellulose surface in an oriented manner through a two-step strategy: electrostatic adsorption was followed by EDC/NHS coupling. α-fetoprotein (AFP) as a detection model, we compared with cellulose powder modified and unmodified paper zone. The results showed the color intensity and color uniformity on GO modified paper was improved. The activity of immobilized antibodies on GO/1-pyrenebutyric acid (GO/PBA) modified was three times higher than that of GO modified and about 1.8-fold higher than that of GO/1-pyrenecarboxylic acid (GO/PCA) modified. The GO/PBA modified paper-based immunoassay has enhanced sensitivity and low detection limit. A linear correlation between color intensity and concentration of AFP in the range of 0.01~16.5 ng mL-1 with a detection limit of 9.0 pg mL-1 were achieved, respectively. The obtained results point towards rapid, sensitive, and specific early diagnosis of liver cancer at the point of care and other low-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafang Chen
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Anan Xu
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhu
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China.
| | - Meiyin Zou
- The Third People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong 226007, China.
| | - Shan Liu
- The Ninth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou 215200, China
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Lee AS, Kim SM, Kim KR, Park C, Lee DG, Heo HR, Cha HJ, Kim CS. A colorimetric lateral flow immunoassay based on oriented antibody immobilization for sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2023; 379:133245. [PMID: 36589904 PMCID: PMC9791791 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2022.133245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The high human-to-human transmission and rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2 have resulted in a worldwide pandemic. To contain SARS-CoV-2, it is essential to efficiently control the transmission of the virus through the early diagnosis of infected individuals, including asymptomatic people. Therefore, a rapid and accurate assay is vital for the early diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 in suspected individuals. In this study, we developed a colorimetric lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) in which a CBP31-BC linker was used to immobilize antibodies on a cellulose membrane in an oriented manner. The developed LFIA enabled sensitive detection of cultured SARS-CoV-2 in 15 min with a detection limit of 5 × 104 copies/mL. The clinical performance of the LFIA for detecting SARS-CoV-2 was evaluated using 19 clinical samples validated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The LFIA detected all the positive and negative samples accurately, corresponding to 100% accuracy. Importantly, patient samples with low viral loads were accurately identified. Thus, the proposed method can provide a useful platform for rapid and accurate point-of-care testing of SARS-CoV-2 in infected individuals to efficiently control the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ae Sol Lee
- Graduate School of Biochemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Min Kim
- Graduate School of Biochemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Rok Kim
- Graduate School of Biochemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulmin Park
- Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gun Lee
- Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ryoung Heo
- Senotherapy-based Metabolic Disease Control Research Center, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Cha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Sup Kim
- Graduate School of Biochemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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7
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Li W, Zhang X, Chen S, Ji Y, Li R. Paper-based fluorescent devices for multifunctional assays: Biomarkers detection, inhibitors screening and chiral recognition. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Ball EH, Basilone NT. Filter paper disks as a matrix for manipulation of recombinant proteins. Anal Biochem 2022; 655:114841. [PMID: 35961400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Filter paper provides an excellent matrix for retention of proteins containing a cellulose binding domain. To use this capability for manipulating recombinant fusion proteins, binding and elution parameters were explored and procedures developed for small scale purification, modification and assay. Proteins were tagged with the cellulose binding domain from the Clostridium thermocellum CipB gene via a cleavable linker. Filter paper disks of 6 mm diameter were able to bind up to 80 μg protein although there was a substantial dependence on molecular size. Different means of introducing fusion proteins to the disks allow either binding within 20 min from microliter volumes or slower binding from milliliter volumes. Elution with protease in small volumes yielded greater than 10 μg amounts with concentrations in the 1-2 mg/ml range. To demonstrate their utility, disks were used for small scale protein purification, covalent modification of protein, immunoprecipitation, and in a binding assay. These versatile methods allow parallel processing of multiple samples and may find many uses when only small amounts of protein are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric H Ball
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario London, Ontario, N6G 3C3, Canada.
| | - Nicoletta T Basilone
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario London, Ontario, N6G 3C3, Canada
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Khachornsakkul K, Phuengkasem D, Palkuntod K, Sangkharoek W, Jamjumrus O, Dungchai W. A Simple Counting-Based Measurement for Paper Analytical Devices and Their Application. ACS Sens 2022; 7:2093-2101. [PMID: 35736786 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This work introduces the concept of a counting-based measurement on paper analytical devices (cPADs) to improve the utilization of numerous reactions. The design of cPADs consists of two layers of paper substrates; the first layer contains a central sample zone combined with a radial surrounded by 12 detection zones that are predeposited with the various reagents, and the second layer acts as a connection channel between the sample zone and each detection zone. The solution can vertically flow from the first to the second layer and then move through the area to each subsequent detection zone. The analyte level can be evaluated by counting the number of detection zones that change color from a blank signal. Furthermore, our cPADs exhibit a capability of implementation for a broad series of reactions. Compared to the dPAD technique, some reactions that are possibly difficult to apply in such devices can be wholly enabled in our devices. The final color reaction on cPADs can apparently occur due to its identity. We applied this technique to the monitoring of carbaryl (CBR) and copper ions (Cu2+) using different reactions, including azo-coupling and complexation, respectively. Accordingly, this indicates an excellent result validated using the more traditional methods. Our cPADs can be applied for rapid screening of both CBR and Cu2+ in water samples with outstanding accuracy and precision using a naked-eye measurement by a relatively unskilled person. We offer a simple platform on PADs for rapid screening, combining high cost-effectiveness within a miniaturized platform designed for use with onsite applications, which is thus suitable for several different reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawin Khachornsakkul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Prachautid Road, Thungkru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Danai Phuengkasem
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Prachautid Road, Thungkru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Kitiya Palkuntod
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Prachautid Road, Thungkru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Wuttichai Sangkharoek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Prachautid Road, Thungkru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Opor Jamjumrus
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Prachautid Road, Thungkru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Wijitar Dungchai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Prachautid Road, Thungkru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
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Afroj S, Britnell L, Hasan T, Andreeva DV, Novoselov KS, Karim N. Graphene-Based Technologies for Tackling COVID-19 and Future Pandemics. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2021; 31:2107407. [PMID: 34899114 PMCID: PMC8646295 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202107407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for rapid tools and technologies to combat highly infectious viruses. The excellent electrical, mechanical and other functional properties of graphene and graphene-like 2D materials (2DM) can be utilized to develop novel and innovative devices to tackle COVID-19 and future pandemics. Here, the authors outline how graphene and other 2DM-based technologies can be used for the detection, protection, and continuous monitoring of infectious diseases including COVID-19. The authors highlight the potential of 2DM-based biosensors in rapid testing and tracing of viruses to enable isolation of infected patients, and stop the spread of viruses. The possibilities of graphene-based wearable devices are discussed for continuous monitoring of COVID-19 symptoms. The authors also provide an overview of the personal protective equipment, and potential filtration mechanisms to separate, destroy or degrade highly infectious viruses, and the potential of graphene and other 2DM to increase their efficiency, and enhance functional and mechanical properties. Graphene and other 2DM could not only play a vital role for tackling the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic but also provide technology platforms and tools for the protection, detection and monitoring of future viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaila Afroj
- Centre for Print Research The University of West of EnglandBristolBS16 1QYUK
| | - Liam Britnell
- Graphene Engineering and Innovation Centre (GEIC)The University of ManchesterManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Tahmid Hasan
- Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringBangladesh University of TextilesTejgaonDhaka 1208Bangladesh
| | - Daria V. Andreeva
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Institute for Functional Intelligent MaterialsNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Kostya S. Novoselov
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Institute for Functional Intelligent MaterialsNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Chongqing 2D Materials InstituteLiangjiang New AreaChongqing400714China
| | - Nazmul Karim
- Centre for Print Research The University of West of EnglandBristolBS16 1QYUK
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Sridhar A, Kapoor A, Kumar PS, Ponnuchamy M, Sivasamy B, Vo DVN. Lab-on-a-chip technologies for food safety, processing, and packaging applications: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2021; 20:901-927. [PMID: 34803553 PMCID: PMC8590809 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-021-01342-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The advent of microfluidic systems has led to significant developments in lab-on-a-chip devices integrating several functions onto a single platform. Over the years, these miniature devices have become a promising tool for faster analytical testing, displaying high precision and efficiency. Nonetheless, most microfluidic systems are not commercially available. Research is actually undergoing on the application of these devices in environmental, food, biomedical, and healthcare industries. The lab-on-a-chip industry is predicted to grow annually by 20%. Here, we review the use of lab-on-a-chip devices in the food sector. We present fabrication technologies and materials to developing lab-on-a-chip devices. We compare electrochemical, optical, colorimetric, chemiluminescence and biological methods for the detection of pathogens and microorganisms. We emphasize emulsion processing, food formulation, nutraceutical development due to their promising characteristics. Last, smart packaging technologies like radio frequency identification and indicators are highlighted because they allow better product identification and traceability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adithya Sridhar
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, The University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
| | - Ashish Kapoor
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203 India
| | - Ponnusamy Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, Chennai, 603110 India
| | - Muthamilselvi Ponnuchamy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203 India
| | - Balasubramanian Sivasamy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641407 India
| | - Dai-Viet Nguyen Vo
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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12
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Panraksa Y, Amin AG, Graham B, Henry CS, Chatterjee D. Immobilization of Proteinase K for urine pretreatment to improve diagnostic accuracy of active tuberculosis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257615. [PMID: 34547058 PMCID: PMC8454978 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) calls for the development of a rapid, biomarker-based, non-sputum test capable of detecting all forms of tuberculosis (TB) at the point-of-care to enable immediate treatment initiation. Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is the only WHO-endorsed TB biomarker that can be detected in urine, an easily collected sample matrix. For obtaining optimal sensitivity, we and others have shown that some form of sample pretreatment is necessary to remove background from patient urine samples. A number of systems are paper-based often destined for resource limited settings. Our current work presents incorporation of one such sample pretreatment, proteinase K (ProK) immobilized on paper (IPK) and test its performance in comparison to standard proteinase K (SPK) treatment that involves addition and deactivation at high temperature prior to performing a capture ELISA. Herein, a simple and economical method was developed for using ProK immobilized strips to pretreat urine samples. Simplification and cost reduction of the proposed pretreatment strip were achieved by using Whatman no.1 paper and by minimizing the concentration of ProK (an expensive but necessary reagent) used to pretreat the clinical samples prior to ELISA. To test the applicability of IPK, capture ELISA was carried out on either LAM-spiked urine or the clinical samples after pretreatment with ProK at 400 μg/mL for 30 minutes at room temperature. The optimal conditions and stability of the IPK were tested and validation was performed on a set of 25 previously analyzed archived clinical urine samples with known TB and HIV status. The results of IPK and SPK treated samples were in agreement showing that the urine LAM test currently under development has the potential to reach adult and pediatric patients regardless of HIV status or site of infection, and to facilitate global TB control to improve assay performance and ultimately treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosita Panraksa
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Anita G. Amin
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Barbara Graham
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Charles S. Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Delphi Chatterjee
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
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13
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Next-Generation Dried Blood Spot Samplers for Protein Analysis: Describing Trypsin-Modified Smart Sampling Paper. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8050066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes smart sampling paper to be used for bottom-up protein analysis. Four different manners to immobilize trypsin on cellulose were evaluated. Untreated paper, potassium-periodate-functionalized paper (with and without post-immobilization reduction) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)/2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone (VDM)-functionalized paper were all used to immobilize trypsin. For the evaluation, Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining of proteins on paper and the BAEE trypsin activity assay needed to be modified. These methods allowed, together with data from mass spectrometric analysis of cytochrome C digestions, us to acquire fundamental insight into protein binding, and trypsin action and activity on paper. All functionalized discs bind more protein than the untreated discs. Protein binding to functionalized discs is based on both adsorption and covalent binding. Trypsin immobilized on potassium-periodate-functionalized discs exhibits the highest trypsin activity when using cytochrome C as substrate. It is proven that it is trypsin attached to paper (and not desorbed trypsin) which is responsible for the enzyme activity. The use of discs on complex biological samples shows that all functionalized discs are able to digest diluted serum; for the best-performing disc, HEMA-VDM functionalized, up to 200 high-confidence proteins are qualified, showing its potential.
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Cho Y, Lee M, Park S, Kim Y, Lee E, Im SG. A Versatile Surface Modification Method via Vapor-phase Deposited Functional Polymer Films for Biomedical Device Applications. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2021; 26:165-178. [PMID: 33821132 PMCID: PMC8013202 DOI: 10.1007/s12257-020-0269-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
For last two decades, the demand for precisely engineered three-dimensional structures has increased continuously for the developments of biomaterials. With the recent advances in micro- and nano-fabrication techniques, various devices with complex surface geometries have been devised and produced in the pharmaceutical and medical fields for various biomedical applications including drug delivery and biosensors. These advanced biomaterials have been designed to mimic the natural environments of tissues more closely and to enhance the performance for their corresponding biomedical applications. One of the important aspects in the rational design of biomaterials is how to configure the surface of the biomedical devices for better control of the chemical and physical properties of the bioactive surfaces without compromising their bulk characteristics. In this viewpoint, it of critical importance to secure a versatile method to modify the surface of various biomedical devices. Recently, a vapor phase method, termed initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) has emerged as damage-free method highly beneficial for the conformal deposition of various functional polymer films onto many kinds of micro- and nano-structured surfaces without restrictions on the substrate material or geometry, which is not trivial to achieve by conventional solution-based surface functionalization methods. With proper structural design, the functional polymer thin film via iCVD can impart required functionality to the biomaterial surfaces while maintaining the fine structure thereon. We believe the iCVD technique can be not only a valuable approach towards fundamental cell-material studies, but also of great importance as a platform technology to extend to other prospective biomaterial designs and material interface modifications for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghak Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced of Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141 Korea
| | - Minseok Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced of Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141 Korea
| | - Seonghyeon Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced of Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141 Korea
| | - Yesol Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced of Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141 Korea
| | - Eunjung Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced of Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141 Korea
| | - Sung Gap Im
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced of Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141 Korea
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Ganguly R, Lee B, Kang S, Kim YS, Jeong SG, Kim JS, Park SY, Yohei Y, Lee CS. Microfluidic Single-cell Trapping and Cultivation for the Analysis of Host-viral Interactions. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-020-0143-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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16
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Moro G, Bottari F, Van Loon J, Du Bois E, De Wael K, Moretto LM. Disposable electrodes from waste materials and renewable sources for (bio)electroanalytical applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 146:111758. [PMID: 31605984 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The numerous advantages of disposable and screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) particularly in terms of portability, sensibility, sensitivity and low-cost led to the massive application of these electroanalytical devices. To limit the electronic waste and recover precious materials, new recycling processes were developed together with alternative SPEs fabrication procedures based on renewable, biocompatible sources or waste materials, such as paper, agricultural byproducts or spent batteries. The increased interest in the use of eco-friendly materials for electronics has given rise to a new generation of highly performing green modifiers. From paper based electrodes to disposable electrodes obtained from CD/DVD, in the last decades considerable efforts were devoted to reuse and recycle in the field of electrochemistry. Here an overview of recycled and recyclable disposable electrodes, sustainable electrode modifiers and alternative fabrication processes is proposed aiming to provide meaningful examples to redesign the world of disposable electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Moro
- LSE Research Group, Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Mestre, Italy; AXES Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Fabio Bottari
- AXES Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Joren Van Loon
- AXES Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium; Product Development Research Group, Faculty of Design Sciences, University of Antwerp, Ambtmanstraat 1, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Els Du Bois
- Product Development Research Group, Faculty of Design Sciences, University of Antwerp, Ambtmanstraat 1, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Wael
- AXES Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Ligia Maria Moretto
- LSE Research Group, Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Mestre, Italy.
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Kim Y, Lee H, Park K, Park S, Lim JH, So MK, Woo HM, Ko H, Lee JM, Lim SH, Ko BJ, Park YS, Choi SY, Song DH, Lee JY, Kim SS, Kim DY. Selection and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus through a Human Synthetic Fab Phage Display Library Panning. Antibodies (Basel) 2019; 8:E42. [PMID: 31544848 PMCID: PMC6783954 DOI: 10.3390/antib8030042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its first report in the Middle East in 2012, the Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has become a global concern due to the high morbidity and mortality of individuals infected with the virus. Although the majority of MERS-CoV cases have been reported in Saudi Arabia, the overall risk in areas outside the Middle East remains significant as inside Saudi Arabia. Additional pandemics of MERS-CoV are expected, and thus novel tools and reagents for therapy and diagnosis are urgently needed. Here, we used phage display to develop novel monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that target MERS-CoV. A human Fab phage display library was panned against the S2 subunit of the MERS-CoV spike protein (MERS-S2P), yielding three unique Fabs (S2A3, S2A6, and S2D5). The Fabs had moderate apparent affinities (Half maximal effective concentration (EC50 = 123-421 nM) for MERS-S2P, showed no cross-reactivity to spike proteins from other CoVs, and were non-aggregating and thermostable (Tm = 61.5-80.4 °C). Reformatting the Fabs into IgGs (Immunoglobulin Gs) greatly increased their apparent affinities (KD = 0.17-1.2 nM), presumably due to the effects of avidity. These apparent affinities were notably higher than that of a previously reported anti-MERS-CoV S2 reference mAb (KD = 8.7 nM). Furthermore, two of the three mAbs (S2A3 and S2D5) bound only MERS-CoV (Erasmus Medical Center (EMC)) and not other CoVs, reflecting their high binding specificity. However, the mAbs lacked MERS-CoV neutralizing activity. Given their high affinity, specificity, and desirable stabilities, we anticipate that these anti-MERS-CoV mAbs would be suitable reagents for developing antibody-based diagnostics in laboratory or hospital settings for point-of-care testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonji Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28160, Korea
| | - Hansaem Lee
- Korea Center for Disease Control, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Korea
| | - Keunwan Park
- New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28160, Korea
| | - Sora Park
- New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28160, Korea
| | - Ju-Hyeon Lim
- New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28160, Korea
| | - Min Kyung So
- New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28160, Korea
| | - Hye-Min Woo
- Korea Center for Disease Control, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Korea
| | - Hyemin Ko
- Korea Center for Disease Control, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Korea
| | - Jeong-Min Lee
- Plexense, Inc., Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 441-813, Korea
| | - Sun Hee Lim
- Plexense, Inc., Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 441-813, Korea
| | - Byoung Joon Ko
- New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28160, Korea
| | - Yeon-Su Park
- Plexense, Inc., Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 441-813, Korea
| | - So-Young Choi
- New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28160, Korea
| | - Du Hyun Song
- New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28160, Korea
| | - Joo-Yeon Lee
- Korea Center for Disease Control, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Korea
| | - Sung Soon Kim
- Korea Center for Disease Control, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Korea
| | - Dae Young Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28160, Korea.
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