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Omondi MP. Epidemiology of orthopedic injuries among inpatients admitted at a tertiary teaching and referral hospital in Kenya: a retrospective cross-sectional study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024; 25:670. [PMID: 39192255 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07793-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthopedic injuries are serious and continue to be a concern for healthcare systems worldwide. Approximately 90% of the estimated traumatic injuries occur in low- and middle-income countries. In Kenya, there is a dearth of information on orthopedic injury patterns that could be used to prioritize injury prevention measures and to help hospital management teams allocate resources appropriately. The purpose of this study was to determine the epidemiology of orthopedic injuries admitted to Kenyatta National Hospital. METHODS This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. Overall, 720 charts were reviewed. Data were analyzed using frequency distribution, pearson chi-square test and logistic regression. RESULTS Overall, 85% were aged 15-64 years. Approximately 80% were male, married or single. Patients with primary or secondary education composed 72%. Road traffic accidents (59.4%) and falls (24.7%) were the most common mechanisms of injury. A total of 99.9% of the inpatients were Kenyans. Open injuries were 40.1%. Lower limb (67.4%) and upper limb (26.9%) injuries were the most common. Inpatients aged 15-24 years were 74% less likely to have upper limb injuries than those aged 0-14 years (p = 0.023). However, those aged 15-24 years were 19.250 times more likely to have spine injuries than those aged 0-14 years (p = 0.008). Males were 68.6% and 51.2% less likely to have pelvic injury and comorbidities, respectively, than females (p < 0.001). Patients with secondary and tertiary education were 2.016 (p = 0.003) and 2.3 (p < 0.001) times more likely to have upper limb injuries, respectively, than those with no or preschool education. Similarly, those with tertiary education were 2.079 times more likely to have comorbidities than those with no or preschool education (p = 0.017). CONCLUSION Most of the inpatients with orthopedic injuries were young, male involved in Road traffic accidents and therefore Kenya National Transport and Safety Authority needs to enforce road safety measures to reduce road carnage. Those with higher education and children were more likely to have upper limb injuries. Females were more likely to have pelvic injuries and co-morbidities. Lower and upper limb injuries were the most common injuries and this should guide resource allocation in management of orthopedic injuries.
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Karmali S, Saxena S, Richards O, Thompson W, McFaull SR, Pike I. What was the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on unintentional injuries, in Canada and globally? A scoping review investigating how lockdown measures impacted the global burden of unintentional injury. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1385452. [PMID: 38887259 PMCID: PMC11180821 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1385452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Injuries are among the leading causes for hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits. COVID-19 restrictions ensured safety to Canadians, but also negatively impacted health outcomes, including increasing rates of certain injuries. These differences in trends have been reported internationally however the evidence is scattered and needs to be better understood to identify opportunities for public education and to prepare for future outbreaks. Objective A scoping review was conducted to synthesize evidence regarding the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on unintentional injuries in Canada, compared to other countries. Methods Studies investigating unintentional injuries among all ages during COVID-19 from any country, published in English between December 2019 and July 2021, were included. Intentional injuries and/or previous pandemics were excluded. Four databases were searched (MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus), and a gray literature search was also conducted. Results The search yielded 3,041 results, and 189 articles were selected for extraction. A total of 41 reports were included from the gray literature search. Final studies included research from: Europe (n = 85); North America (n = 44); Asia (n = 32); Oceania (n = 12); Africa (n = 8); South America (n = 4); and multi-country (n = 4). Most studies reported higher occurrence of injuries/trauma among males, and the average age across studies was 46 years. The following mechanisms of injury were reported on most frequently: motor vehicle collisions (MVCs; n = 134), falls (n = 104), sports/recreation (n = 65), non-motorized vehicle (n = 31), and occupational (n = 24). Injuries occurring at home (e.g., gardening, home improvement projects) increased, and injuries occurring at schools, workplaces, and public spaces decreased. Overall, decreases were observed in occupational injuries and those resulting from sport/recreation, pedestrian-related, and crush/trap incidents. Decreases were also seen in MVCs and burns, however the severity of injury from these causes increased during the pandemic period. Increases were observed in poisonings, non-motorized vehicle collisions, lacerations, drownings, trampoline injuries; and, foreign body ingestions. Implications Findings from this review can inform interventions and policies to identify gaps in public education, promote safety within the home, and decrease the negative impact of future stay-at-home measures on unintentional injury among Canadians and populations worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazya Karmali
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Ian Pike
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Kohut P, Mezera V, Langenhan R, Reimers N, Kilper A. Proximal femoral fractures in patients with COVID-19 : Pneumonia and admission from a nursing home are the strongest predictors of mortality. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2024:10.1007/s00391-024-02317-0. [PMID: 38831113 DOI: 10.1007/s00391-024-02317-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proximal femoral fractures are severe injuries in geriatric patients. Additionally, geriatric patients are at a high risk of death due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). OBJECTIVE To identify predictors of mortality in geriatric patients with COVID-19 and concurrent proximal femoral fractures. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients who underwent surgical treatment for proximal femoral fractures and also tested positive for COVID-19 were included. The age, gender, the American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) score and the admission from a nursing home were considered as variables. The rate of reoperations, the mortality at 3 months and discharge home were evaluated as outcomes. RESULTS In this study 46 patients with COVID-19 (female/male 31/15, median age 87.0 years with an interquartile range [IQR] of 9.8 years) met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 32 patients (69.6%) had to be cared for in the intensive care unit and 26 patients (56.5%) had a severe course of COVID-19 with pneumonia. The median length of hospital stay for survivors was 19 (IQR 17.5) days and 4 of the patients (8.7%) required surgical revision. The in-hospital and 3‑month mortality were 40.0% (n = 17) and 43.5% (n = 20), respectively. The factors which influenced the in-hospital and 3‑month mortality rates were admission from a nursing home, the presence of pneumonia (increased the risk of death) and female gender (protective). CONCLUSION The occurrence of COVID-19 in patients with proximal femoral fractures has a high mortality. Admission from a nursing home and the presence of pneumonia increased the risk of death, whereas women were at lower risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Kohut
- Clinic of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Hand Surgery, Klinikum Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany
- Clinic of Orthopedics and Traumatology, DIAKOMED Diakoniekrankenhaus, Hartmannsdorf, Germany
| | - Vojtech Mezera
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine-Metabolism and Gerontology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
- Geriatric Center, Pardubice Hospital, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - Ronny Langenhan
- Clinic of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Hand Surgery, Klinikum Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany
- Clinic of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Hand Surgery, Hegau-Bodensee-Klinikum Singen, Singen, Germany
| | - Niklas Reimers
- Clinic of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Hand Surgery, Klinikum Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Anica Kilper
- Clinic of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Hand Surgery, Klinikum Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany
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Sheets NW, Fawibe OS, Mahmoud A, Chawla-Kondal B, Ayutyanont N, Plurad DS. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Trauma Encounters. Am Surg 2023; 89:434-439. [PMID: 34219502 PMCID: PMC8258398 DOI: 10.1177/00031348211029858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic has affected the health care system significantly. We compare 2019 to 2020 to evaluate how trauma encounters has changed during the pandemic. METHODS Retrospective analysis using a large US health care system to compare trauma demographics, volumes, mechanisms of injury, and outcomes. Statistical analysis was used to evaluate for significant differences comparing 2019 to 2020. RESULTS Data was collected from 88 hospitals across 18 states. 169 892 patients were included in the study. There were 6.3% fewer trauma patient encounters in 2020 compared to 2019. Mechanism of injury was significantly different between 2019 and 2020 with less blunt injuries (89.64% vs. 88.39%, P < .001), more burn injuries (1.84% vs. 2.00%, P = .021), and more penetrating injuries (8.58% vs. 9.75%, P < .001). Compared to 2019, patients in 2020 had higher mortality (2.62% vs. 2.88%, P < .001), and longer hospital LOS (3.92 ± 6.90 vs. 4.06 ± 6.56, P < .001). CONCLUSION The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected trauma patient demographics, LOS, mechanism of injury, and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W. Sheets
- Riverside Community
Hospital, Riverside, CA, USA,Nicholas W. Sheets, MD, MPH, Trauma and
Acute Care Surgery, Riverside Community Hospital, 4445 Magnolia Ave, Riverside,
CA 92325, USA.
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Yuan P, Qi G, Hu X, Qi M, Zhou Y, Shi X. Characteristics, likelihood and challenges of road traffic injuries in China before COVID-19 and in the postpandemic era. HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 10:2. [PMID: 36619597 PMCID: PMC9808728 DOI: 10.1057/s41599-022-01482-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Through a review of previous studies, this paper analysed the epidemiological characteristics and attempts to determine the various trends of road traffic injuries (RTIs) in China before and after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This paper proposed effective measures and suggestions for responding to RTIs in China. Moreover, this paper aimed to provide some references for studies on RTIs in the future. According to a reference review, 50 articles related to RTIs were published and viewed in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang database, Weipu (VIP) database and PubMed/MEDLINE database. Articles were selected according to the exclusion and inclusion criteria and then classified and summarized. Regarding cases, RTIs in China were highest in summer, autumn, and in rural areas and lowest in February. Men, elderly individuals and people living in rural areas were more susceptible to RTIs. In addition, thanks to effective and proactive policies and measures, the number of RTIs and casualties in China has substantially decreased, while there has been a growing number of traffic accidents along with the increase in nonmotor vehicles. However, it is worth noting that the number of RTIs obviously fell during the COVID-19 pandemic due to traffic lockdown orders and home quarantine policies. Nevertheless, accidents related to electric bicycles increased unsteadily because of the reduction in public transportation use at the same time. The factors that cause RTIs in China can be divided into four aspects: human behaviours, road conditions, vehicles and the environment. As a result, measures responding to RTIs should be accordingly proposed. Moreover, the road traffic safety situation in developing countries was more severe than that in developed countries. RTIs in China showed a downward trend attributed to road safety laws and various policies, and the downward trend was more significant during the COVID-19 pandemic owing to traffic lockdowns and home quarantine measures. It is urgent and necessary to promote road traffic safety, reduce injuries, and minimize the burden of injuries in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, 563006 Zunyi, Guizhou China
| | - Guojia Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, 563006 Zunyi, Guizhou China
| | - Xiuli Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, 563006 Zunyi, Guizhou China
| | - Miao Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, 563006 Zunyi, Guizhou China
| | - Yanna Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, 563006 Zunyi, Guizhou China
| | - Xiuquan Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, 563006 Zunyi, Guizhou China
- Center for Injury Research and Policy & Center for Pediatric Trauma Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH USA
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Zheng XY, Tang SL, Ma SL, Guan WJ, Xu X, Xu H, Xu YS, Xu YJ, Lin LF. Trends of injury mortality during the COVID-19 period in Guangdong, China: a population-based retrospective analysis. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e045317. [PMID: 34083336 PMCID: PMC8182756 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to ascertain the trends of injury mortality during the COVID-19 period in southern China. METHODS We conducted a population-based retrospective analysis to compare the mortality changes of all-cause injury and transport injuries, poisoning, falls, fire/heat/hot substances, drowning, self-harm and interpersonal violence, which were further stratified by sex and age. Comparisons were made between the COVID-19 period (between January 2020 and June 2020) and control period (between January 2019 and June 2019) in Guangdong province. We used the negative binomial models to explore the associations of deaths during the COVID-19 period, according to the different sex and age strata. RESULTS The all-cause injury mortality in Guangdong province decreased significantly from 28.65 per 100 000 population during the control period to 23.24 per 100 000 population during COVID-19 pandemic period. Similar results were found in specific injury categories. Mortality of self-harm increased by 139.26% in the 10-14 year group during the COVID-19 period as compared with the control period. Although mortality changes in some groups were not statistically significant, some increases were noteworthy during the COVID-19 period (ie, self-harm, transport injury and falls) in the 70-79 year group. The corresponding increase in mortality rate was 16.83%, 3.32% and 4.92%, respectively. CONCLUSION The mortality of all-cause injury, transport injury and drowning during the COVID-19 pandemic was consistently decreased. However, the increase in mortality associated with falls, fire/heat/hot substance injury and self-harm in specific age populations warrant the targeted control and prevention measures for the population at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yan Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Si-Li Tang
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Li Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei-Jie Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haofeng Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying-Shan Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan-Jun Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Feng Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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