1
|
Jiang S, Liang J, Li W, Wang L, Song M, Xu S, Liu G, Du Q, Zhai D, Tang L, Yang Y, Zhang L, Zhang B. The role of CXCL1/CXCR2 axis in neurological diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 120:110330. [PMID: 37247498 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The C-X-C chemokine ligand (CXCL) 1 and its receptor C-X-C chemokine receptor (CXCR) 2 are widely expressed in the peripheral nervous systems (PNS) and central nervous systems (CNS) and are involved in the development of inflammation and pain after various nerve injuries. Once a nerve is damaged, it affects not only the neuron itself but also lesions elsewhere in its dominant site. After the CXCL1/CXCR2 axis is activated, multiple downstream pathways can be activated, such as c-Raf/MAPK/AP-1, p-PKC-μ/p-ILK/NLRP3, JAK2/STAT3, TAK1/NF-κB, etc. These pathways in turn mediate cellular motility state or cell migration. CXCR2 is expressed on the surface of neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages. These cells can be recruited to the lesion through the CXCL1/CXCR2 axis to participate in the inflammatory response. The expression of CXCR2 in neurons can activate some pathways in neurons through the CXCL1/CXCR2 axis, thereby causing damage to neurons. CXCR2 is also expressed in astrocytes, and when CXCR2 activated, it increases the number of astrocytes but impairs their function. Since inflammation can occur at almost any site of injury, elucidating the mechanism of CXCL1/CXCR2 axis' influence on inflammation may provide a favorable target for clinical treatment. Therefore, this article reviews the research progress of the CXCL1/CXCR2 axis in neurological diseases, aiming to provide a more meaningful theoretical basis for the treatment of neurological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suli Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Jie Liang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Luoyang Wang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Meiying Song
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Shuo Xu
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Guixian Liu
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Qiaochu Du
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Dongchang Zhai
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Lei Tang
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guo H, Yu H, Feng Y, Cheng W, Li Y, Wang Y. The role of estrogen receptor β in fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) organic extract-induced pulmonary inflammation in female and male mice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:60922-60932. [PMID: 35435549 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20055-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter organic extract (Po) was reported to promote inflammation in the lung. Sex differences were reported in many inflammatory diseases. In this study, we investigated the effects of Po exposure on pulmonary inflammatory response and evaluated the role of sex in this process. While mice were exposed to 100 µg/m3 Po for 12 weeks by an inhalation exposure system, the lung histopathological analysis shown obvious inflammation, the cell numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were significantly increased, and most inflammatory cytokines in BALF were upregulated. The results of factorial analysis of variance shown that there was an interaction between sex and Po exposure in the inflammatory cell numbers and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-5 (IL-5), and growth-related oncogene/keratinocyte chemoattractant (GRO/KC). Notably, these changes and interactions were diminished while Po-exposed mice were administered with the estrogen receptor β (ERβ) antagonist. We speculated that sex might affect the levels of inflammatory indicators in BALF of Po-exposed mice and female mice were more prone to inflammation while exposed to Po. Moreover, ERβ was involved in these processes. To our knowledge, this is the first investigation about the role of sex in Po-induced adverse effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huaqi Guo
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
- The Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, no. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengyi Yu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Feng
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Cheng
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
- The Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, no. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Inflammatory-associated apoptotic markers: are they the culprit to rheumatoid arthritis pain? Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10077-10090. [PMID: 35699858 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07591-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a prolonged inflammatory disease resulting from autoimmune reactions that leads to local and systemic bone erosion, joint defects and functional impairment. Although the inflammation is subsided through the prescription of anti-inflammatory therapeutics, the patients persistently complained of sleepless nights due to flare pain. This indicates the possible contribution of other pathways besides inflammation in leading to RA pain. This review aims to uncover the roles and involvement of several inflammatory-associated apoptotic markers in facilitating pain transmission and processing during the pathogenesis of RA. MATERIALS AND METHODS This narrative review focused on the reports from the previous literature based on the search string of "apoptotic marker AND inflammation AND 'chronic pain' OR 'neuropathic pain' and apoptosis AND 'rheumatoid arthritis' OR arthritis from the databases including Science Direct and Scopus, considering the exclusion criteria of the published abstracts, proceedings or articles on other neuropathic pain types such as painful bowel syndrom, insterstitial cystitis, fibrosis and so on. RESULTS Several studies in the literature demonstrate a close association between imbalanced apoptotic regulations and an increased number of synovial fibroblasts and inflammatory cells in RA. Cell death or specific cell survival has been linked with increased central hypersensitivity in various types of chronic and neuropathic pain. CONCLUSION The RA-related flare pain is possibly contributed by the abnormal regulation of apoptosis through several inflammatory-related pathways, and further studies need to modulate these pathways for the putative anti-nociceptive benefits.
Collapse
|
4
|
Korbecki J, Gąssowska-Dobrowolska M, Wójcik J, Szatkowska I, Barczak K, Chlubek M, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. The Importance of CXCL1 in Physiology and Noncancerous Diseases of Bone, Bone Marrow, Muscle and the Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084205. [PMID: 35457023 PMCID: PMC9024980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This review describes the role of CXCL1, a chemokine crucial in inflammation as a chemoattractant for neutrophils, in physiology and in selected major non-cancer diseases. Due to the vast amount of available information, we focus on the role CXCL1 plays in the physiology of bones, bone marrow, muscle and the nervous system. For this reason, we describe its effects on hematopoietic stem cells, myoblasts, oligodendrocyte progenitors and osteoclast precursors. We also present the involvement of CXCL1 in diseases of selected tissues and organs including Alzheimer’s disease, epilepsy, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) encephalitis, ischemic stroke, major depression, multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica, neuropathic pain, osteoporosis, prion diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), traumatic spinal cord injury and West Nile fever.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korbecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (M.C.)
- Department of Ruminants Science, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Klemensa Janickiego 29 St., 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (J.W.); (I.S.)
| | - Magdalena Gąssowska-Dobrowolska
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Wójcik
- Department of Ruminants Science, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Klemensa Janickiego 29 St., 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (J.W.); (I.S.)
| | - Iwona Szatkowska
- Department of Ruminants Science, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Klemensa Janickiego 29 St., 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (J.W.); (I.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Barczak
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Mikołaj Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (M.C.)
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-914-661-515
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bjurström MF, Bodelsson M, Irwin MR, Orbjörn C, Hansson O, Mattsson-Carlgren N. Decreased pain sensitivity and alterations of cerebrospinal fluid and plasma inflammatory mediators after total hip arthroplasty in patients with disabling osteoarthritis. Pain Pract 2021; 22:66-82. [PMID: 34143556 DOI: 10.1111/papr.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proinflammatory mechanisms are implicated in pain states. Recent research indicates that patients with osteoarthritis (OA) with signs of central sensitization exhibit elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10), Fms-related tyrosine kinase 1 (Flt-1), and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1). METHODS The current prospective cohort study, including 15 patients with OA, primarily aimed to evaluate associations among alterations in CSF IP-10, Flt-1, MCP-1, and pain sensitization following total hip arthroplasty (THA). Participants provided CSF and blood samples for analysis of 10 proinflammatory mediators, and underwent detailed clinical examination and quantitative sensory testing, immediately preoperative and 18 months after surgery. RESULTS Neurophysiological measures of pain showed markedly reduced pain sensitivity long-term postoperative. Increases in remote site pressure pain detection thresholds (PPDTs) and decreased temporal summation indicated partial resolution of previous central sensitization. Compared to preoperative, CSF concentrations of IP-10 were increased (p = 0.041), whereas neither Flt-1 (p = 0.112) nor MCP-1 levels changed (p = 0.650). Compared to preoperative, plasma concentrations of IP-10 were increased (p = 0.006), whereas interleukin (IL)-8 was decreased (p = 0.023). Subjects who exhibited increases in arm PPDTs above median showed greater increases in CSF IP-10 compared to those with PPDT increases below median (p = 0.028). Analyses of plasma IP-10 and IL-8 indicated higher levels of peripheral inflammation were linked to decreased pressure pain thresholds (unadjusted β = -0.79, p = 0.006, and β = -118.1, p = 0.014, respectively). CONCLUSIONS THA leads to long-term decreases in pain sensitivity, indicative of resolution of sensitization processes. Changes in CSF and plasma levels of IP-10, and plasma IL-8, may be associated with altered pain phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin F Bjurström
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Norman Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mikael Bodelsson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Michael R Irwin
- Norman Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Camilla Orbjörn
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Niklas Mattsson-Carlgren
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Differential expression of cerebrospinal fluid neuroinflammatory mediators depending on osteoarthritis pain phenotype. Pain 2021; 161:2142-2154. [PMID: 32384383 PMCID: PMC7431139 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Distinct cerebrospinal fluid neuroinflammatory profiles may be associated with different objective characteristics of persistent pain in osteoarthritis patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty. Neuroinflammation is implicated in the development and maintenance of persistent pain states, but there are limited data linking cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inflammatory mediators with neurophysiological pain processes in humans. In a prospective observational study, CSF inflammatory mediators were compared between patients with osteoarthritis (OA) who were undergoing total hip arthroplasty due to disabling pain symptoms (n = 52) and pain-free comparison controls (n = 30). In OA patients only, detailed clinical examination and quantitative sensory testing were completed. Cerebrospinal fluid samples were analyzed for 10 proinflammatory mediators using Meso Scale Discovery platform. Compared to controls, OA patients had higher CSF levels of interleukin 8 (IL-8) (P = 0.002), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (P = 0.007), and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (P = 0.006). Osteoarthritis patients with central sensitization possibly indicated by arm pressure pain detection threshold <250 kPa showed significantly higher CSF levels of Fms-related tyrosine kinase 1 (Flt-1) (P = 0.044) and interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) (P = 0.024), as compared to subjects with PPDT above that threshold. In patients reporting pain numerical rating scale score ≥3/10 during peripheral venous cannulation, Flt-1 was elevated (P = 0.025), and in patients with punctate stimulus wind-up ratio ≥2, CSF monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 was higher (P = 0.011). Multiple logistic regression models showed that increased Flt-1 was associated with central sensitization, assessed by remote-site PPDT and peripheral venous cannulation pain, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 with temporal summation in the area of maximum pain. Multiple proinflammatory mediators measured in CSF are associated with persistent hip OA-related pain. Pain phenotype may be influenced by specific CSF neuroinflammatory profiles.
Collapse
|
7
|
Michot B, Casey SM, Gibbs JL. Effects of CGRP-Primed Dental Pulp Stem Cells on Trigeminal Sensory Neurons. J Dent Res 2021; 100:1273-1280. [PMID: 33840300 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211004872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are important in tooth physiology, contributing to development, repair, regeneration, and immunomodulatory processes. However, their role in inflammatory mechanisms underlying pulpitis is not well understood. We evaluated the influence of DPSCs stimulated with calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a proinflammatory neuropeptide, on the expression of mediators released from DPSCs and the effect of these mediators on sensory neuron activity. Human DPSCs were treated with either control media or media containing CGRP (10-8 M) for 7 d, and the conditioned media (CM) containing DPSC-released mediators was collected. The expression of cytokines and chemokines from DPSCs was evaluated by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The effects of the CM from CGRP-primed DPSCs (primed DPSC-CM) were evaluated on sensory afferents by using primary cultures of mouse trigeminal neurons and an organotypic model of cultured human pulp slices. Mouse trigeminal neurons and human pulp explants were pretreated for 24 h with control or primed DPSC-CM and then stimulated with capsaicin. Afferent activity was measured by quantifying the response to capsaicin via live cell calcium imaging in mouse neurons and CGRP released from pulp explants. Gene expression analysis showed that primed DPSCs overexpressed some proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including chemokines CXCL1 and CXCL8, which are both agonists of the receptor CXCR2 expressed in sensory neurons. Primed DPSC-CM increased human pulp sensory afferent activity as compared with control DPSC-CM. Similarly, primed DPSC-CM increased the intensity of calcium responses in cultured mouse trigeminal neurons. Furthermore, the CXCR2 antagonist SB225002 prevented trigeminal neuron sensitization to capsaicin induced by primed DPSC-CM. In conclusion, mediators released by DPSCs, primed with the proinflammatory mediator CGRP, induce neuronal sensitization through CXCR2 receptor. These data suggest that DPSCs might contribute to pain symptoms that develop in pulpitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Michot
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Endodontics, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - S M Casey
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Endodontics, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - J L Gibbs
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Endodontics, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Piotrowska A, Rojewska E, Pawlik K, Kreiner G, Ciechanowska A, Makuch W, Nalepa I, Mika J. Pharmacological Blockade of Spinal CXCL3/CXCR2 Signaling by NVP CXCR2 20, a Selective CXCR2 Antagonist, Reduces Neuropathic Pain Following Peripheral Nerve Injury. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2198. [PMID: 31616413 PMCID: PMC6775284 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the role of CXCR2 in nociception has been noted. Our studies provide new evidence that the intrathecal administration of its CINC ligands (Cytokine-Induced Neutrophil Chemoattractant; CXCL1-3) induces pain-like behavior in naïve mice, and the effect occurring shortly after administration is associated with the neural location of CXCR2, as confirmed by immunofluorescence. RT-qPCR analysis showed, for the first time, raised levels of spinal CXCR2 after chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve in rats. Originally, on day 2, we detected escalated levels of the spinal mRNA of all CINCs associated with enhancement of the protein level of CXCL3 lasting until day 7. Intrathecal administration of CXCL3 neutralizing antibody diminished neuropathic pain on day 7 after CCI. Interestingly, CXCL3 is produced in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated microglial, but not astroglial, primary cell cultures. We present the first evidence that chronic intrathecal administrations of the selective CXCR2 antagonist, NVP CXCR2 20, attenuate neuropathic pain symptoms and CXCL3 expression after CCI. Moreover, in naïve mice, this antagonist prevented CXCL3-induced hypersensitivity. However, NVP CXCR2 20 did not diminish glial activation, thus not enhancing morphine/buprenorphine analgesia. These results provide novel insight into the crucial role of CXCR2 in neuropathy based on CXCL3 modulation, which may become a potential therapeutic target in pain treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Piotrowska
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewelina Rojewska
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Pawlik
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kreiner
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agata Ciechanowska
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Wioletta Makuch
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Irena Nalepa
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Mika
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Monosodium iodoacetate-induced monoarthritis develops differently in knee versus ankle joint in rats. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN 2019; 6:100036. [PMID: 31535058 PMCID: PMC6744596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2019.100036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ankle versus knee joint injection of MIA in rats resulted in different behavioural profiles. Levels of biochemical mediators differs between ankle and knee injection of MIA in rats. Histopathological analysis show different results after ankle versus knee injection of MIA in rats. The rat results mirror what has been found in human patients with osteoarthritis.
Objective Disability and movement-related pain are major symptoms of joint disease, motivating the development of methods to quantify motor behaviour in rodent joint pain models. We compared effects on behaviour, assessed the levels of biochemical mediators and made a detailed histopathological evaluation after induction of rat monoiodoacetate (MIA) monoarthritis into the ankle or knee joint. Design Twenty-seven male Lewis rats were used. Before and up to 28 days after induction, they were tested for weight bearing during walking (dynamic), and standing (static), and for mechanical sensitivity. At termination synovial fluid was taken from ankle and/or knee joints for analysis of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), macrophage inflammatory protein 3 alpha (MIP-3α), keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC)/human growth-regulated oncogene (GRO) and L(+)-lactate, and from separate rats joints were collected for histopathological assessment. Results MIA ankle joint injection gave a marked reduction of dynamic weight bearing during the first days, not seen in rats with knee joint injection. At three weeks, it was decreased in the group with knee injection, but not in those with ankle injection. However, the different injection sites caused similar reductions in static weight bearing during the early phase, which was normalized in the group with ankle injection but continued and was strengthened with time in the knee injected group. Histopathological assessment, biochemical mediators and joint swelling confirmed the disparate profiles. Conclusions This work shows that ankle versus knee joint injection of MIA resulted in different profiles in rats, which may mirror what has been found in human patients with osteoarthritis.
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
Krock E, Millecamps M, Anderson KM, Srivastava A, Reihsen TE, Hari P, Sun YR, Jang SH, Wilcox GL, Belani KG, Beebe DS, Ouellet J, Pinto MR, Kehl LJ, Haglund L, Stone LS. Interleukin-8 as a therapeutic target for chronic low back pain: Upregulation in human cerebrospinal fluid and pre-clinical validation with chronic reparixin in the SPARC-null mouse model. EBioMedicine 2019; 43:487-500. [PMID: 31047862 PMCID: PMC6558025 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Low back pain (LBP) is the leading global cause of disability and is associated with intervertebral disc degeneration (DD) in some individuals. However, many adults have DD without LBP. Understanding why DD is painful in some and not others may unmask novel therapies for chronic LBP. The objectives of this study were to a) identify factors in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) associated with chronic LBP and b) examine their therapeutic utility in a proof-of-concept pre-clinical study. Methods Pain-free human subjects without DD, pain-free human subjects with DD, and patients with chronic LBP linked to DD were recruited and lumbar MRIs, pain and disability levels were obtained. CSF was collected and analyzed by multiplex cytokine assay. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) expression was confirmed by ELISA in CSF and in intervertebral discs. The SPARC-null mouse model of progressive, age-dependent DD and chronic LBP was used for pre-clinical validation. Male SPARC-null and control mice received systemic Reparixin, a CXCR1/2 (receptors for IL-8 and murine analogues) inhibitor, for 8 weeks. Behavioral signs of axial discomfort and radiating pain were assessed. Following completion of the study, discs were excised and cultured, and conditioned media was evaluated with a protein array. Findings IL-8 was elevated in CSF of chronic LBP patients with DD compared to pain-free subjects with or without DD. Chronic inhibition with reparixin alleviated low back pain behaviors and attenuated disc inflammation in SPARC-null mice. Interpretation These studies suggest that the IL-8 signaling pathway is a viable therapy for chronic LBP. Fund Supported by NIH, MMF, CIHR and FRQS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emerson Krock
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G1, Canada; McGill Scoliosis and Spine Research Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Orthopaedic Research Lab, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada.
| | - Magali Millecamps
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G1, Canada; McGill Scoliosis and Spine Research Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada; Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada.
| | - Kathleen M Anderson
- Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Akanksha Srivastava
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G1, Canada; Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada.
| | - Troy E Reihsen
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Pawan Hari
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Yue Ran Sun
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G1, Canada; Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada.
| | - Seon Ho Jang
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G1, Canada; Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada.
| | - George L Wilcox
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Kumar G Belani
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - David S Beebe
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Jean Ouellet
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G1, Canada; McGill Scoliosis and Spine Research Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Orthopaedic Research Lab, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada; Shriner's Hospital for Children, 1003 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, Quebec H4A 0A9, Canada
| | | | - Lois J Kehl
- Minnesota Head & Neck Pain Clinic, St. Paul, MN 55114, USA.
| | - Lisbet Haglund
- McGill Scoliosis and Spine Research Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Orthopaedic Research Lab, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada; Shriner's Hospital for Children, 1003 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, Quebec H4A 0A9, Canada.
| | - Laura S Stone
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G1, Canada; McGill Scoliosis and Spine Research Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada; Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Anesthesia Research Unit, Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li Y, Lv L, Ye J, Fang D, Shi D, Wu W, Wang Q, Wu J, Yang L, Bian X, Jiang X, Jiang H, Yan R, Peng C, Li L. Bifidobacterium adolescentis CGMCC 15058 alleviates liver injury, enhances the intestinal barrier and modifies the gut microbiota in D-galactosamine-treated rats. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 103:375-393. [PMID: 30345482 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9454-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute liver failure is a drastic, unpredictable clinical syndrome with high mortality. Various preventive and adjuvant therapies based on modulating the gut flora have been proposed for hepatic injury. We aimed to explore the preventive and therapeutic effects of Bifidobacterium adolescentis CGMCC15058 on rat liver failure, as well as the potential microecological and immunological mechanisms of those effects. B. adolescentis CGMCC15058 (3 × 109 CFU), isolated from healthy human stool, was gavaged to Sprague-Dawley rats for 14 days. Acute liver injury was induced on the 15th day by intraperitoneal injection of D-galactosamine. After 24 h, liver and terminal ileum histology, liver function, plasma cytokines, bacterial translocation and gut microbiota composition were assessed. We found that pretreatment with B. adolescentis significantly relieved elevated serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bile acid and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and enhanced the expression of mucin 4 and the tight junction protein zonula occludens-1. B. adolescentis exhibited anti-inflammatory properties as indicated by decreased levels of mTOR and the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6, as well as elevated levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukins-10 in the liver. Similar anti-inflammatory signs were also found in plasma. B. adolescentis significantly altered the microbial community, depleting the common pathogenic taxon Proteus and markedly enriching the taxa Coriobacteriaceae, Bacteroidales and Allobaculum, which are involved in regulating the metabolism of lipids and aromatic amino acids. Our findings not only suggest B. adolescentis acts as a prospective probiotic against liver failure but also provide new insights into the prevention and treatment of liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yating Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, 31003, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Longxian Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, 31003, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianzhong Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, 31003, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daiqiong Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, 31003, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ding Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, 31003, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenrui Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, 31003, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, 31003, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, 31003, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liya Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, 31003, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Bian
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, 31003, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianwan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, 31003, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huiyong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, 31003, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ren Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, 31003, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Conggao Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, 31003, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, 31003, People's Republic of China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang J, Zhang XS, Tao R, Zhang J, Liu L, Jiang YH, Ma SH, Song LX, Xia LJ. Upregulation of CX3CL1 mediated by NF-κB activation in dorsal root ganglion contributes to peripheral sensitization and chronic pain induced by oxaliplatin administration. Mol Pain 2018; 13:1744806917726256. [PMID: 28849713 PMCID: PMC5580849 DOI: 10.1177/1744806917726256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Painful peripheral neuropathy is a severe side effect in oxaliplatin therapy that compromises cancer patients' quality of life. However, its underlying pathogenic mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we found that intraperitoneal consecutive administration of oxaliplatin significantly increased excitability of small diameter dorsal root ganglion neurons and induced thermal hyperalgesia in rats. Furthermore, the CX3CL1 expression was significantly increased after oxaliplatin treatment, and intrathecal injection of a neutralizing antibody against CX3CL1 markedly attenuated the enhanced excitability of dorsal root ganglion neurons and thermal hyperalgesia. Importantly, the upregulated CX3CL1 is mediated by the NF-κB signaling pathway, as inhibition of NF-κB p65 activation with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate or p65 siRNA inhibited the upregulation of CX3CL1, the enhanced excitability of dorsal root ganglion neurons, and thermal hyperalgesia induced by oxaliplatin. Further studies with chromatin immunoprecipitation found that oxaliplatin treatment increased the recruitment of NF-κB p65 to the CX3Cl1 promoter region. Our results suggest that upregulation of CX3CL1 in dorsal root ganglion mediated by NF-κB activation contributes to the peripheral sensitization and chronic pain induced by oxaliplatin administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- 1 Department of Pain Management, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin-Sheng Zhang
- 2 Department of Orthopaedics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rong Tao
- 1 Department of Pain Management, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- 3 Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Woman and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Liu
- 1 Department of Pain Management, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying-Hai Jiang
- 1 Department of Pain Management, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Song-He Ma
- 1 Department of Pain Management, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lin-Xia Song
- 4 College of Life Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Ling-Jie Xia
- 1 Department of Pain Management, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Levo-corydalmine alleviates vincristine-induced neuropathic pain in mice by inhibiting an NF-kappa B-dependent CXCL1/CXCR2 signaling pathway. Neuropharmacology 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
15
|
Deftu AF, Ristoiu V, Suter MR. Intrathecal Administration of CXCL1 Enhances Potassium Currents in Microglial Cells. Pharmacology 2018; 101:262-268. [PMID: 29448255 DOI: 10.1159/000486865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The functioning of microglial cells inside the central nervous system depends on their ion channels expression. Microglia are capable of synthesizing different cytokines and chemokines, including CXCL1, and responding to their action via specific receptors. In this study, we explore the effect of intrathecal injection of CXCL1 on potassium currents, expressed in CX3CR1-Green Fluorescent Protein labeled microglia in transgenic mice. The results showed that CXCL1 hyperpolarized the cells by enhancing inward rectifying potassium currents and increasing the membrane area, suggesting an activating effect on microglia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru-Florian Deftu
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Violeta Ristoiu
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marc Rene Suter
- Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Moore C, Gupta R, Jordt SE, Chen Y, Liedtke WB. Regulation of Pain and Itch by TRP Channels. Neurosci Bull 2018; 34:120-142. [PMID: 29282613 PMCID: PMC5799130 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-017-0200-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nociception is an important physiological process that detects harmful signals and results in pain perception. In this review, we discuss important experimental evidence involving some TRP ion channels as molecular sensors of chemical, thermal, and mechanical noxious stimuli to evoke the pain and itch sensations. Among them are the TRPA1 channel, members of the vanilloid subfamily (TRPV1, TRPV3, and TRPV4), and finally members of the melastatin group (TRPM2, TRPM3, and TRPM8). Given that pain and itch are pro-survival, evolutionarily-honed protective mechanisms, care has to be exercised when developing inhibitory/modulatory compounds targeting specific pain/itch-TRPs so that physiological protective mechanisms are not disabled to a degree that stimulus-mediated injury can occur. Such events have impeded the development of safe and effective TRPV1-modulating compounds and have diverted substantial resources. A beneficial outcome can be readily accomplished via simple dosing strategies, and also by incorporating medicinal chemistry design features during compound design and synthesis. Beyond clinical use, where compounds that target more than one channel might have a place and possibly have advantageous features, highly specific and high-potency compounds will be helpful in mechanistic discovery at the structure-function level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlene Moore
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Rupali Gupta
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Sven-Eric Jordt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| | - Wolfgang B Liedtke
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Deftu AF, Filippi A, Gheorghe RO, Ristoiu V. CXCL1 activates TRPV1 via Gi/o protein and actin filaments. Life Sci 2017; 193:282-291. [PMID: 28966134 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS CXCL1 is a chemokine with pleiotropic effects, including pain and itch. Itch, an unpleasant sensation that elicits the desire or reflex to scratch, it is evoked mainly from the skin and implicates activation of a specific subset of IB4+, C-type primary afferents. In previous studies we showed that acute application of CXCL1 induced a Ca2+ influx of low amplitude and slow kinetics in a subpopulation of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1)+/isolectin B4 (IB4)+dorsal root ganglia neurons which also responded to other itch-inducing agents. In this study we explored the mechanism behind the Ca2+ influx to better understand how CXCL1 acts on primary sensitive neurons to induce itch. MATERIALS AND METHODS Intracellular Ca2+ imaging and patch-clamp recordings on dorsal root ganglia neurons primary cultures and HEK293T cell transiently transfected with TRPV1 and CXCR2 plasmids were used to investigate the acute effect (12min application) of 4nM CXCL1. In primary cultures, the focus was on TRPV1+/IB4+ cells to which the itch-sensitive neurons belong. KEY FINDINGS The results showed that the Ca2+ influx induced by the acute application of CXCL1 is mediated mainly by TRPV1 receptors and depends on extracellular Ca2+ not on intracellular stores. TRPV1 was activated, not sensitized by CXCL1, in a CXCR2 receptors- and actin filaments-dependent manner, since specific blockers and actin depolymerizing agents disrupted the CXCL1 effect. SIGNIFICANCE This study brings additional data about the itch inducing mechanism of CXCL1 chemokine and about a new mechanism of TRPV1 activation via actin filaments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Florian Deftu
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independenţei 91-95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Filippi
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independenţei 91-95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Bulevardul Eroilor Sanitari 8, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Roxana Olimpia Gheorghe
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independenţei 91-95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Violeta Ristoiu
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independenţei 91-95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sun Y, Yang PP, Song ZY, Feng Y, Hu DM, Hu J, Xu GY, Zhang HH. α-lipoic acid suppresses neuronal excitability and attenuates colonic hypersensitivity to colorectal distention in diabetic rats. J Pain Res 2017; 10:1645-1655. [PMID: 28769585 PMCID: PMC5529097 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s135017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Patients with long-standing diabetes often demonstrate intestinal dysfunction, characterized as constipation or colonic hypersensitivity. Our previous studies have demonstrated the roles of voltage-gated sodium channels NaV1.7 and NaV1.8 in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in colonic hypersensitivity of rats with diabetes. This study was designed to determine roles of antioxidant α-lipoic acid (ALA) on sodium channel activities and colonic hypersensitivity of rats with diabetes. METHODS Streptozotocin was used to induce diabetes in adult female rats. Colonic sensitivity was measured by behavioral responses to colorectal distention in rats. The excitability and sodium channel currents of colon projection DRG neurons labeled with DiI were measured by whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. The expressions of NaV1.7 and NaV1.8 of colon DRGs were measured by western blot analysis. RESULTS ALA treatment significantly increased distention threshold in responding to colorectal distension in diabetic rats compared with normal saline treatment. ALA treatment also hyper-polarized the resting membrane potentials, depolarized action potential threshold, increased rheobase, and decreased frequency of action potentials evoked by ramp current stimulation. Furthermore, ALA treatment also reduced neuronal sodium current densities of DRG neurons innervating the colon from rats with diabetes. In addition, ALA treatment significantly downregulated NaV1.7 and NaV1.8 expression in colon DRGs from rats with diabetes. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that ALA plays an analgesic role, which was likely mediated by downregulation of NaV1.7 and NaV1.8 expressions and functions, thus providing experimental evidence for using ALA to treat colonic hypersensitivity in patients with diabetic visceral pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan-Pan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Yuan Song
- Department of Endocrinology, The East District of Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Duan-Min Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Yin Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Hong Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Silva RL, Lopes AH, Guimarães RM, Cunha TM. CXCL1/CXCR2 signaling in pathological pain: Role in peripheral and central sensitization. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 105:109-116. [PMID: 28587921 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological pain conditions can be triggered after peripheral nerve injury and/or inflammation. It is associated with plasticity of nociceptive pathway in which pain is prolonged even after healing of the injured tissue. Generally combinations of analgesic drugs are not sufficient to achieve selective palliation from chronic pain, besides causing a greater number of side effects. In order to identify novel alternatives for more effective treatments, it is necessary to clarify the underlying mechanisms of pathological pain. It is well established that there are two main components in pathological pain development and maintenance: (i) primary sensory neuron sensitization (peripheral sensitization), and (ii) central sensitization. In both components cytokines and chemokines act as key mediators in pain modulation. CXCL1 is a chemokine that promote both nociceptor and central sensitization via its main receptor CXCR2, which is a promising target for novel analgesic drugs. Here, we reviewed and discussed the role of the CXCL1/CXCR2 signaling axis in pathological pain conditions triggered by either peripheral inflammation or nerve injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rangel L Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre H Lopes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafaela M Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Graduate Program in Basic and Applied Immunology, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Xie RG, Gao YJ, Park CK, Lu N, Luo C, Wang WT, Wu SX, Ji RR. Spinal CCL2 Promotes Central Sensitization, Long-Term Potentiation, and Inflammatory Pain via CCR2: Further Insights into Molecular, Synaptic, and Cellular Mechanisms. Neurosci Bull 2017; 34:13-21. [PMID: 28265898 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-017-0106-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence supports an important role of chemokines, produced by spinal cord astrocytes, in promoting central sensitization and chronic pain. In particular, CCL2 (C-C motif chemokine ligand 2) has been shown to enhance N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced currents in spinal outer lamina II (IIo) neurons. However, the exact molecular, synaptic, and cellular mechanisms by which CCL2 modulates central sensitization are still unclear. We found that spinal injection of the CCR2 antagonist RS504393 attenuated CCL2- and inflammation-induced hyperalgesia. Single-cell RT-PCR revealed CCR2 expression in excitatory vesicular glutamate transporter subtype 2-positive (VGLUT2+) neurons. CCL2 increased NMDA-induced currents in CCR2+/VGLUT2+ neurons in lamina IIo; it also enhanced the synaptic NMDA currents evoked by dorsal root stimulation; and furthermore, it increased the total and synaptic NMDA currents in somatostatin-expressing excitatory neurons. Finally, intrathecal RS504393 reversed the long-term potentiation evoked in the spinal cord by C-fiber stimulation. Our findings suggest that CCL2 directly modulates synaptic plasticity in CCR2-expressing excitatory neurons in spinal lamina IIo, and this underlies the generation of central sensitization in pathological pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rou-Gang Xie
- Department of Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China. .,Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| | - Yong-Jing Gao
- Pain Research Laboratory, Institute of Nautical Medicine, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Chul-Kyu Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Ning Lu
- Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ceng Luo
- Department of Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Wen-Ting Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Sheng-Xi Wu
- Department of Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ru-Rong Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA. .,Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Walters ET. How is chronic pain related to sympathetic dysfunction and autonomic dysreflexia following spinal cord injury? Auton Neurosci 2017; 209:79-89. [PMID: 28161248 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Autonomic dysreflexia (AD) and neuropathic pain occur after severe injury to higher levels of the spinal cord. Mechanisms underlying these problems have rarely been integrated in proposed models of spinal cord injury (SCI). Several parallels suggest significant overlap of these mechanisms, although the relationships between sympathetic function (dysregulated in AD) and nociceptive function (dysregulated in neuropathic pain) are complex. One general mechanism likely to be shared is central sensitization - enhanced responsiveness and synaptic reorganization of spinal circuits that mediate sympathetic reflexes or that process and relay pain-related information to the brain. Another is enhanced sensory input to spinal circuits caused by extensive alterations in primary sensory neurons. Both AD and SCI-induced neuropathic pain are associated with spinal sprouting of peptidergic nociceptors that might increase synaptic input to the circuits involved in AD and SCI pain. In addition, numerous nociceptors become hyperexcitable, hypersensitive to chemicals associated with injury and inflammation, and spontaneously active, greatly amplifying sensory input to sensitized spinal circuits. As discussed with the aid of a preliminary functional model, these effects are likely to have mutually reinforcing relationships with each other, and with consequences of SCI-induced interruption of descending excitatory and inhibitory influences on spinal circuits, with SCI-induced inflammation in the spinal cord and in DRGs, and with activity in sympathetic fibers within DRGs that promotes local inflammation and spontaneous activity in sensory neurons. This model suggests that interventions selectively targeting hyperactivity in C-nociceptors might be useful for treating chronic pain and AD after high SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edgar T Walters
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cao DL, Qian B, Zhang ZJ, Gao YJ, Wu XB. Chemokine receptor CXCR2 in dorsal root ganglion contributes to the maintenance of inflammatory pain. Brain Res Bull 2016; 127:219-225. [PMID: 27697507 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines and their receptors have been demonstrated to be important contributors to the development and maintenance of chronic pain. Recent studies showed that chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) and its major receptor CXCR2 are respectively expressed in astrocytes and neurons in the spinal cord and are involved in the maintenance of neuropathic pain and inflammatory pain via astrocytic-neuronal interaction. Here we investigated how CXCL1 and CXCR2 are regulated in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) after peripheral injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and its implication in inflammatory pain. CFA induced rapid increase of CXCL1 mRNA and protein in the DRG. Double immunostaining showed that CXCL1 was colocalized with calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), isolectin B4 (IB4), and neurofilament 200 (NF200). Furthermore, CXCR2 mRNA was increased 3h after CFA injection and maintained for more than 3 days. CXCR2 protein was also increased and colocalized with CGRP, IB4, and NF200. Finally, perisciatic nerve injection of CXCR2 siRNA to specifically knock down CXCR2 in the DRG effectively attenuated CFA-induced mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia, and the effect maintained for more than 5 days. Taken together, our results demonstrated that CXCL1 and CXCR2 may regulate the maintenance of inflammatory pain via an autocrine/paracrine way in DRG neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- De-Li Cao
- Pain Research Laboratory, Institute of Nautical Medicine, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Bin Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Jiangsu 224005, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhang
- Pain Research Laboratory, Institute of Nautical Medicine, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Yong-Jing Gao
- Pain Research Laboratory, Institute of Nautical Medicine, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Jiangsu 226001, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Wu
- Pain Research Laboratory, Institute of Nautical Medicine, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Jiangsu 226001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhou Y, Li RJ, Li M, Liu X, Zhu HY, Ju Z, Miao X, Xu GY. Overexpression of GRK6 attenuates neuropathic pain via suppression of CXCR2 in rat dorsal root ganglion. Mol Pain 2016; 12:12/0/1744806916646381. [PMID: 27145805 PMCID: PMC4956389 DOI: 10.1177/1744806916646381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled kinase (GRK) 6 is a member of the GRK family that mediates agonist-induced desensitization and signaling of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), thus involving in a wide variety of processes including inflammation and nociception. Recent studies have indicated that chemokines play an important role in chronic pain via increased expression of respective GPCRs. This study was designed to investigate the role of GRK6 and its interaction with substrate chemokine receptors in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in a rat model of neuropathic pain induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI). Following induction of CCI, GRK6 expression was significantly downregulated in rat DRGs at L4-L6 segments. Overexpression of GRK6 using lentiviral-mediated production strategy via sciatic nerve injection markedly attenuated mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in CCI rats. Overexpression of GRK6 also drastically reversed the hyperexcitability of DRG neurons innervating the hind paw and suppressed the enhanced expression of CXCR2 in DRGs of CCI rats. In addition, co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, and correlation analysis supported the interaction between GRK6 and CXCR2. These results suggest that GRK6 might be a key molecular involved in peripheral mechanism of neuropathic pain and that overexpression of GRK6 might be a potential strategy for treatment for neuropathic pain through inhibition of CXCR2 signal pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, P.R. China
| | - Rong-Ji Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Meng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xuelian Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yan Zhu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Ju
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiuhua Miao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Yin Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
JNK in spinal cord facilitates bone cancer pain in rats through modulation of CXCL1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 36:88-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-016-1547-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
25
|
Lopes AH, Brandolini L, Aramini A, Bianchini G, Silva RL, Zaperlon AC, Verri WA, Alves-Filho JC, Cunha FQ, Teixeira MM, Allegretti M, Cunha TM. DF2755A, a novel non-competitive allosteric inhibitor of CXCR1/2, reduces inflammatory and post-operative pain. Pharmacol Res 2016; 103:69-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
26
|
Wigerblad G, Bas DB, Fernades-Cerqueira C, Krishnamurthy A, Nandakumar KS, Rogoz K, Kato J, Sandor K, Su J, Jimenez-Andrade JM, Finn A, Bersellini Farinotti A, Amara K, Lundberg K, Holmdahl R, Jakobsson PJ, Malmström V, Catrina AI, Klareskog L, Svensson CI. Autoantibodies to citrullinated proteins induce joint pain independent of inflammation via a chemokine-dependent mechanism. Ann Rheum Dis 2015; 75:730-8. [PMID: 26613766 PMCID: PMC4819624 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-208094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Objective An interesting and so far unexplained feature of chronic pain in autoimmune disease is the frequent disconnect between pain and inflammation. This is illustrated well in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) where pain in joints (arthralgia) may precede joint inflammation and persist even after successful anti-inflammatory treatment. In the present study, we have addressed the possibility that autoantibodies against citrullinated proteins (ACPA), present in RA, may be directly responsible for the induction of pain, independent of inflammation. Methods Antibodies purified from human patients with RA, healthy donors and murinised monoclonal ACPA were injected into mice. Pain-like behaviour was monitored for up to 28 days, and tissues were analysed for signs of pathology. Mouse osteoclasts were cultured and stimulated with antibodies, and supernatants analysed for release of factors. Mice were treated with CXCR1/2 (interleukin (IL) 8 receptor) antagonist reparixin. Results Mice injected with either human or murinised ACPA developed long-lasting pronounced pain-like behaviour in the absence of inflammation, while non-ACPA IgG from patients with RA or control monoclonal IgG were without pronociceptive effect. This effect was coupled to ACPA-mediated activation of osteoclasts and release of the nociceptive chemokine CXCL1 (analogue to human IL-8). ACPA-induced pain-like behaviour was reversed with reparixin. Conclusions The data suggest that CXCL1/IL-8, released from osteoclasts in an autoantibody-dependent manner, produces pain by activating sensory neurons. The identification of this new pain pathway may open new avenues for pain treatment in RA and also in other painful diseases associated with autoantibody production and/or osteoclast activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustaf Wigerblad
- Molecular Pain Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Duygu B Bas
- Molecular Pain Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cátia Fernades-Cerqueira
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, CMM, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Akilan Krishnamurthy
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, CMM, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kutty Selva Nandakumar
- Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katarzyna Rogoz
- Molecular Pain Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jungo Kato
- Molecular Pain Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katalin Sandor
- Molecular Pain Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jie Su
- Molecular Pain Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juan Miguel Jimenez-Andrade
- Department of Unidad Academica Multidisciplinaria Reynosa Aztlan, Universidad Autonoma de Tamaulipas, Reynosa, Tamaulipas, Mexico
| | - Anja Finn
- Molecular Pain Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alex Bersellini Farinotti
- Molecular Pain Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Khaled Amara
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, CMM, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Lundberg
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, CMM, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per-Johan Jakobsson
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, CMM, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vivianne Malmström
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, CMM, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anca I Catrina
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, CMM, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Klareskog
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, CMM, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Camilla I Svensson
- Molecular Pain Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Walters ET. Neuroinflammatory contributions to pain after SCI: roles for central glial mechanisms and nociceptor-mediated host defense. Exp Neurol 2014; 258:48-61. [PMID: 25017887 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury (SCI) is common, often intractable, and can be severely debilitating. A number of mechanisms have been proposed for this pain, which are discussed briefly, along with methods for revealing SCI pain in animal models, such as the recently applied conditioned place preference test. During the last decade, studies of animal models have shown that both central neuroinflammation and behavioral hypersensitivity (indirect reflex measures of pain) persist chronically after SCI. Interventions that reduce neuroinflammation have been found to ameliorate pain-related behavior, such as treatment with agents that inhibit the activation states of microglia and/or astroglia (including IL-10, minocycline, etanercept, propentofylline, ibudilast, licofelone, SP600125, carbenoxolone). Reversal of pain-related behavior has also been shown with disruption by an inhibitor (CR8) and/or genetic deletion of cell cycle-related proteins, deletion of a truncated receptor (trkB.T1) for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), or reduction by antisense knockdown or an inhibitor (AMG9810) of the activity of channels (TRPV1 or Nav1.8) important for electrical activity in primary nociceptors. Nociceptor activity is known to drive central neuroinflammation in peripheral injury models, and nociceptors appear to be an integral component of host defense. Thus, emerging results suggest that spinal and systemic effects of SCI can activate nociceptor-mediated host defense responses that interact via neuroinflammatory signaling with complex central consequences of SCI to drive chronic pain. This broader view of SCI-induced neuroinflammation suggests new targets, and additional complications, for efforts to develop effective treatments for neuropathic SCI pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edgar T Walters
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cao DL, Zhang ZJ, Xie RG, Jiang BC, Ji RR, Gao YJ. Chemokine CXCL1 enhances inflammatory pain and increases NMDA receptor activity and COX-2 expression in spinal cord neurons via activation of CXCR2. Exp Neurol 2014; 261:328-36. [PMID: 24852102 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that CXCL1 upregulation in spinal astrocytes is involved in the maintenance of neuropathic pain. However, whether and how CXCL1 regulates inflammatory pain remains unknown. Here we show that intraplantar injection of CFA increased mRNA and protein expressions of CXCL1 and its major receptor CXCR2 in the spinal cord at 6h and 3days after the injection. Immunofluorescence double staining showed that CXCL1 and CXCR2 were expressed in spinal astrocytes and neurons, respectively. Intrathecal injection of CXCL1 neutralizing antibody or CXCR2 antagonist SB225002 attenuated CFA-induced mechanical and heat hypersensitivity on post-CFA day 3. Patch-clamp recordings showed that CXCL1 potentiated NMDA-induced currents in lamina II neurons via CXCR2, and this potentiation was further increased in CFA-treated mice. Furthermore, intrathecal injection of CXCL1 increased COX-2 expression in dorsal horn neurons, which was blocked by pretreatment with SB225002 or MEK (ERK kinase) inhibitor PD98059. Finally, pretreatment with SB225002 or PD98059 decreased CFA-induced heat hyperalgesia and COX-2 mRNA/protein expression and ERK activation in the spinal cord. Taken together, our data suggest that CXCL1, upregulated and released by spinal astrocytes after inflammation, acts on CXCR2-expressing spinal neurons to increase ERK activation, synaptic transmission and COX-2 expression in dorsal horn neurons and contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- De-Li Cao
- Pain Research Laboratory, Institute of Nautical Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhang
- Pain Research Laboratory, Institute of Nautical Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China; Department of Anatomy, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Rou-Gang Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology and Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Bao-Chun Jiang
- Pain Research Laboratory, Institute of Nautical Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Ru-Rong Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology and Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yong-Jing Gao
- Pain Research Laboratory, Institute of Nautical Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Xu J, Zhu MD, Zhang X, Tian H, Zhang JH, Wu XB, Gao YJ. NFκB-mediated CXCL1 production in spinal cord astrocytes contributes to the maintenance of bone cancer pain in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2014; 11:38. [PMID: 24580964 PMCID: PMC3941254 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-11-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone cancer pain (BCP) is one of the most disabling factors in patients suffering from primary bone cancer or bone metastases. Recent studies show several chemokines (for example, CCL2, CXCL10) in the spinal cord are involved in the pathogenesis of BCP. Here we investigated whether and how spinal CXCL1 contributes to BCP. METHODS Mouse prostate tumor cell line, RM-1 cells were intramedullary injected into the femur to induce BCP. The mRNA expression of CXCL1 and CXCR2 was detected by quantitative real-time PCR. The protein expression and distribution of CXCL1, NFκB, and CXCR2 was examined by immunofluorescence staining and western blot. The effect of CXCL1 neutralizing antibody, NFκB antagonist, and CXCR2 antagonist on pain hypersensitivity was checked by behavioral testing. RESULTS Intramedullary injection of RM-1 cells into the femur induced cortical bone damage and persistent (>21 days) mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia. Tumor cell inoculation also produced CXCL1 upregulation in activated astrocytes in the spinal cord for more than 21 days. Inhibition of CXCL1 by intrathecal administration of CXCL1 neutralizing antibody at 7 days after inoculation attenuated mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia. In cultured astrocytes, TNF-α induced robust CXCL1 expression, which was dose-dependently decreased by NFκB inhibitor. Furthermore, inoculation induced persistent NFκB phosphorylation in spinal astrocytes. Intrathecal injection of NFκB inhibitor attenuated BCP and reduced CXCL1 increase in the spinal cord. Finally, CXCR2, the primary receptor of CXCL1, was upregulated in dorsal horn neurons after inoculation. Inhibition of CXCR2 by its selective antagonist SB225002 attenuated BCP. CONCLUSION NFκB mediates CXCL1 upregulation in spinal astrocytes in the BCP model. In addition, CXCL1 may be released from astrocytes and act on CXCR2 on neurons in the spinal cord and be involved in the maintenance of BCP. Inhibition of the CXCL1 signaling may provide a new therapy for BCP management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yong-Jing Gao
- Pain Research Laboratory, Institute of Nautical Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang ZJ, Cao DL, Zhang X, Ji RR, Gao YJ. Chemokine contribution to neuropathic pain: respective induction of CXCL1 and CXCR2 in spinal cord astrocytes and neurons. Pain 2013; 154:2185-2197. [PMID: 23831863 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated an important role of chemokines such as CCL2 in the development of chronic pain. However, the distinct roles of different chemokines in the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain and in their interactions with neurons have not been clearly elucidated. We found that spinal nerve ligation (SNL) not only induced persistent neuropathic pain symptoms, including mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia, but also produced sustained CXCL1 upregulation in the spinal cord. Double staining of immunofluorescence and in situ hybridization revealed that CXCL1 was primarily induced in spinal astrocytes. In cultured astrocytes, tumor necrosis factor-α induced robust CXCL1 expression via the activation of the c-jun N-terminal kinase. Intrathecal administration of CXCL1 neutralizing antibody transiently reduced SNL-induced pain hypersensitivity, suggesting an essential role of CXCL1 in neuropathic pain sensitization. In particular, intraspinal delivery of CXCL1 shRNA lentiviral vectors, either before or after SNL, persistently attenuated SNL-induced pain hypersensitivity. Spinal application of CXCL1 not only elicited pain hypersensitivity but also induced rapid neuronal activation, as indicated by the expression of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase and cAMP response element binding protein, and c-Fos in spinal cord neurons. Interestingly, CXCR2, the primary receptor of CXCL1, was upregulated in dorsal horn neurons after SNL, and the CXCR2 antagonist SB225002 completely blocked the CXCL1-induced heat hyperalgesia. SB225002 also attenuated SNL-induced pain hypersensitivity. Collectively, our results have demonstrated a novel form of chemokine-mediated glial-neuronal interaction in the spinal cord that can drive neuropathic pain. Inhibition of the CXCL1-CXCR2 signaling may offer a new therapy for neuropathic pain management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jun Zhang
- Institute of Nautical Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China Department of Anatomy, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China Sensory Plasticity Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology and Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wu Z, Yang Q, Crook RJ, O'Neil RG, Walters ET. TRPV1 channels make major contributions to behavioral hypersensitivity and spontaneous activity in nociceptors after spinal cord injury. Pain 2013; 154:2130-2141. [PMID: 23811042 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic neuropathic pain is often a severe and inadequately treated consequence of spinal cord injury (SCI). Recent findings suggest that SCI pain is promoted by spontaneous activity (SA) generated chronically in cell bodies of primary nociceptors in dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Many nociceptors express transient receptor potential V1 (TRPV1) channels, and in a preceding study most dissociated DRG neurons exhibiting SA were excited by the TRPV1 activator, capsaicin. The present study investigated roles of TRPV1 channels in behavioral hypersensitivity and nociceptor SA after SCI. Contusive SCI at thoracic segment T10 increased expression of TRPV1 protein in lumbar DRG 1 month after injury and enhanced capsaicin-evoked ion currents and Ca2+ responses in dissociated small DRG neurons. A major role for TRPV1 channels in pain-related behavior was indicated by the ability of a specific TRPV1 antagonist, AMG9810, to reverse SCI-induced hypersensitivity of hind limb withdrawal responses to mechanical and thermal stimuli at a dose that did not block detection of noxious heat. Similar reversal of behavioral hypersensitivity was induced by intrathecal oligodeoxynucleotides antisense to TRPV1, which knocked down TRPV1 protein and reduced capsaicin-evoked currents. TRPV1 knockdown also decreased the incidence of SA in dissociated nociceptors after SCI. Prolonged application of very low concentrations of capsaicin produced nondesensitizing firing similar to SA, and this effect was enhanced by prior SCI. These results show that TRPV1 makes important contributions to pain-related hypersensitivity long after SCI, and suggest a role for TRPV1-dependent enhancement of nociceptor SA that offers a promising target for treating chronic pain after SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zizhen Wu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chen D, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Zhang R, Yu L. Capsaicin up-regulates protease-activated receptor-4 mRNA and protein in primary cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2012; 33:337-46. [PMID: 23274964 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-012-9899-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Previous study has shown that there is a functional link between the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) receptor and protease-activated receptor-4 (PAR4) in modulation of inflammation and pain. Capsaicin activation of TRPV1 is involved in enhancement of the expression of TRPV1 in mRNA and protein in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in vivo. Whether capsaicin could influence expression of PAR4 in primary sensory neurons remains unknown. In the present study, expression of PAR4 in cultured rat DRG neurons was observed using immunofluorescence, real-time PCR and Western blots to examine whether increases in PAR4 mRNA and protein levels are induced by capsaicin treatment with or without pre-treatment of forskolin, a cyclic AMP/protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA) activator or PKA inhibitor fragment 14-22 (PKI14-22), a PKA inhibitor. Capsaicin treatment of cultured DRG neurons significantly increased the expression of PAR4 in mRNA and protein levels. The percentage of PAR4-, TRPV1-immunoreactive neurons and their co-localization in cultured DRG neurons increased significantly in the presence of capsaicin as compared with that in the absence of capsaicin. Compared with capsaicin-only group, pre-incubation with forskolin strongly enhanced the capsaicin-induced increase of PAR4 in mRNA and protein levels. Consistent with the involvement of PKA in the modulation of PAR4 expression, this evoked expression both at mRNA and protein levels was significantly inhibited after PKA was inhibited by pre-incubation with PKI14-22. Taken together, these results provide evidence that TRPV1 activation significantly increases the expression of PAR4 mRNA and protein levels in primary cultures of DRG neurons after capsaicin incubation. Effects of capsaicin on PAR4 expression appear to be mediated by cAMP/PKA signal pathways in DRG neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Taishan Medical University, Taian, 271000, Shandong Province, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
|
34
|
Strong JA, Xie W, Coyle DE, Zhang JM. Microarray analysis of rat sensory ganglia after local inflammation implicates novel cytokines in pain. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40779. [PMID: 22815815 PMCID: PMC3397953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a role in neuropathic pain conditions as well as in pain induced solely by an inflammatory stimulus. Robust mechanical hyperalgesia and allodynia can be induced by locally inflaming the L5 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in rat. This model allows investigation of the contribution of inflammation per se to chronic pain conditions. Most previous microarray studies of DRG gene expression have investigated neuropathic pain models. To examine the role of inflammation, we used microarray methods to examine gene expression 3 days after local inflammation of the L5 DRG in rat. We observed significant regulation in a large number of genes (23% of observed transcripts), and examined 221 (3%) with a fold-change of 1.5-fold or more in more detail. Immune-related genes were the largest category in this group and included members of the complement system as well as several pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, these upregulated cytokines had no prior links to peripheral pain in the literature other than through microarray studies, though most had previously described roles in CNS (especially neuroinflammatory conditions) as well as in immune responses. To confirm an association to pain, qPCR studies examined these cytokines at a later time (day 14), as well as in two different versions of the spinal nerve ligation pain model including a version without any foreign immunogenic material (suture). Cxcl11, Cxcl13, and Cxcl14 were found to be significantly upregulated in all these conditions, while Cxcl9, Cxcl10, and Cxcl16 were upregulated in at least two of these conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith A. Strong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Research Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JAS); (J-MZ)
| | - Wenrui Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Research Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Dennis E. Coyle
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Research Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jun-Ming Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Research Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JAS); (J-MZ)
| |
Collapse
|