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Kongsung S, Inthachat W, Chantong B, Suttisansanee U, On-Nom N, Chupeerach C, Thangsiri S, Pitchakarn P, Temviriyanukul P. Box-Behnken Design-Based Optimization of Phytochemical Extraction from Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw. Associated with Its Antioxidant and Anti-Alzheimer's Properties. Molecules 2024; 29:2204. [PMID: 38792065 PMCID: PMC11124457 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
A previous study reported that the ethanolic extract of the edible fern, Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw. (DE), obtained from a non-optimized extraction condition exhibited anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) properties through the inhibition of a rate-limiting enzyme in amyloid peptide formation, β-secretase-1 (BACE-1). Nevertheless, a non-optimized or suboptimal extraction may lead to several issues, such as a reduction in extraction efficiency and increased time and plant materials. In this study, extraction of the DE was optimized to obtain appropriate BACE-1 inhibition using a Box-Behnken design (BBD) and response surface methodology (RSM). Data revealed that the optimal extraction condition was 70% (v/v) aqueous ethanol, 50 min extraction time, 30 °C extraction temperature, and 1:30 g/mL solid/liquid ratio, giving BACE-1 inhibition at 56.33%. In addition, the extract also exhibited significant antioxidant activities compared to the non-optimized extraction. Metabolomic phytochemical profiles and targeted phytochemical analyses showed that kaempferol, quercetin, and their derivatives as well as rosmarinic acid were abundant in the extract. The optimized DE extract also acted synergistically with donepezil, an AD drug suppressing BACE-1 activities. Data received from Drosophila-expressing human amyloid precursor proteins (APPs) and BACE-1, representing the amyloid hypothesis, showed that the optimized DE extract penetrated the fly brains, suppressed BACE-1 activities, and improved locomotor functions. The extract quenched the expression of glutathione S transferase D1 (GSTD1), inositol-requiring enzyme (IRE-1), and molecular chaperone-binding immunoglobulin (Bip), while donepezil suppressed these genes and other genes involved in antioxidant and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, including superoxide dismutase type 1 (SOD1), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF-6), and protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK). To sum up, the optimized extraction condition reduced extraction time while resulting in higher phytochemicals, antioxidants, and BACE-1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirawit Kongsung
- Master of Science Program in Toxicology and Nutrition for Food Safety, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;
| | - Woorawee Inthachat
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (W.I.); (U.S.); (N.O.-N.); (C.C.); (S.T.)
| | - Boonrat Chantong
- Department of Pre-Clinical and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;
| | - Uthaiwan Suttisansanee
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (W.I.); (U.S.); (N.O.-N.); (C.C.); (S.T.)
| | - Nattira On-Nom
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (W.I.); (U.S.); (N.O.-N.); (C.C.); (S.T.)
| | - Chaowanee Chupeerach
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (W.I.); (U.S.); (N.O.-N.); (C.C.); (S.T.)
| | - Sirinapa Thangsiri
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (W.I.); (U.S.); (N.O.-N.); (C.C.); (S.T.)
| | - Pornsiri Pitchakarn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Piya Temviriyanukul
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (W.I.); (U.S.); (N.O.-N.); (C.C.); (S.T.)
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Hou T, Netala VR, Zhang H, Xing Y, Li H, Zhang Z. Perilla frutescens: A Rich Source of Pharmacological Active Compounds. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27113578. [PMID: 35684514 PMCID: PMC9182122 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton, an important pharmaceutical and nutraceutical crop, is widely cultivated in East Asian countries. In this review, we present the latest research findings on the phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of P. frutescens. Different databases, including PubMed, Scopus, CNKI, Agricola, Scifinder, Embase, ScienceDirect, DOAJ, and Web of Science, were searched to present the best review. In this review, we clearly represent the active constituents responsible for each and every pharmacological activity, plausible mechanism of action, and maximum inhibitory concentrations, as well as IC50 values. Approximately 400 different bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, terpenoids, quinines, phenylpropanoids, polyphenolic compounds, flavonoids, coumarins, anthocyanins, carotenoids, neolignans, fatty acids, polycosanols, tocopherols, and sitosterols, have been reported in the leaves, seeds, roots, and aerial parts of P. frutescens. The bioactive constituents of P. frutescens exhibited different enzyme-inhibition properties, including antihyaluronidase effects and aldose reductase inhibitory, α-glucosidase inhibitory, xanthine oxidase inhibitory, and tyrosinase inhibitory properties. P. frutescens showed strong anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, anti-spasmodic, anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, insecticidal, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective effects. Hence, the active constituents of P. frutescens used in the treatment of diabetes and diabetic complications (retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy), prevention of hyperuricemia in gout patients, hyper pigmentation, allergic conditions, skin inflammation, skin allergy, atopic dermatitis, periodontosis, androgenic alopecia, gastric inflammation, oesophagitis, carcinogenesis, cardiovascular, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and cerebral ischemic disorders. Furthermore, we revealed the most active constituents and possible mechanisms of the pharmacological properties of P. frutescens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Hou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (V.R.N.); (H.Z.); (H.L.)
- Jinzhong Institute of Industrial Technology and Innovation, North University of China, Jinzhong 030600, China
- Correspondence: or (T.H.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Vasudeva Reddy Netala
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (V.R.N.); (H.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Hongjiao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (V.R.N.); (H.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Yun Xing
- Graduate School of Humanities, Nagoya University, Nagoya 4648601, Japan;
| | - Huizhen Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (V.R.N.); (H.Z.); (H.L.)
- Jinzhong Institute of Industrial Technology and Innovation, North University of China, Jinzhong 030600, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (V.R.N.); (H.Z.); (H.L.)
- Jinzhong Institute of Industrial Technology and Innovation, North University of China, Jinzhong 030600, China
- Correspondence: or (T.H.); (Z.Z.)
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Effects of Perilla frutescens var. acuta in amyloid β toxicity and Alzheimer's disease-like pathology in 5XFAD mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 161:112847. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Wang Q, Dong X, Zhang R, Zhao C. Flavonoids with Potential Anti-Amyloidogenic Effects as Therapeutic Drugs for Treating Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:505-533. [PMID: 34569961 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a central neurodegenerative disease generally among the elderly; it accounts for approximately 50-75%of total cases of dementia patients and poses a serious threat to physical and mental health. Currently available treatments for AD mainly relieves its symptoms, and effective therapy is urgently needed. Deposition of amyloid-β protein in the brain is an early and invariant neuropathological feature of AD. Currently the main efforts in developing anti-AD drugs focus on anti-amyloidogenic therapeutics that prevent amyloid-β production or aggregation and decrease the occurrence of neurotoxic events. The results of an increasing number of studies suggest that natural extracts and phytochemicals have a positive impact on brain aging. Flavonoids belong to the broad group of polyphenols and recent data indicate a favorable effect of flavonoids on brain aging. In this review, we collect relevant discoveries from 1999 to 2021, discuss 75 flavonoids that effectively influence AD pathogenesis, and summarize their functional mechanisms in detail. The data we have reviewed show that, these flavonoids belong to various subclasses, including flavone, flavanone, biflavone, etc. Our results provide a reference for further study of the effects of flavonoids on AD and the progress of anti-AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixin Wang
- Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofang Dong
- Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Changqi Zhao
- Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Ali F, Siddique YH. Bioavailability and Pharmaco-therapeutic Potential of Luteolin in Overcoming Alzheimer's Disease. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 18:352-365. [PMID: 30892166 DOI: 10.2174/1871527318666190319141835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Luteolin is a naturally occurring, yellow crystalline flavonoid found in numerous dietary supplements we frequently have in our meals. Studies in the last 2 decades have revealed its therapeutic potential to reduce the Alzheimer's disease (AD) symptoms in various in vitro and in vivo models. The anti-Alzheimer's potential of luteolin is attributed to its ability to suppress Aβ as well as tau aggregation or promote their disaggregation, down-regulate the expression of COX-2, NOS, MMP-9, TNF-α, interleukins and chemokines, reduce oxidative stress by scavenging ROS, modulate the activities of transcription factors CREB, cJun, Nrf-1, NF-κB, p38, p53, AP-1 and β-catenine and inhibiting the activities of various protein kinases. In several systems, luteolin has been described as a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. In addition, we have also discussed about the bio-availability of the luteolin in the plasma. After being metabolized luteolin persists in plasma as glucuronides and sulphate-conjugates. Human clinical trials indicated no dose limiting toxicity when administered at a dose of 100 mg/day. Improvements in the formulations and drug delivery systems may further enhance the bioavailability and potency of luteolin. The current review describes in detail the data supporting these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Ali
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India
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Xiao Q, Wang Y, Lü Q, Wen H, Han B, Chen S, Zheng X, Lin R. Responses of glutathione and phytochelatins biosysthesis in a cadmium accumulator of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. under cadmium contaminated conditions. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 201:110805. [PMID: 32540618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Screening new accumulators of heavy metal and identifying their tolerance, enrichment capacity of heavy metals are currently hot issues in phytoremediation research. A series of hydroponic experiments were conducted to analyze the effects of glutathione and phytochelatins in roots, stems, and leaves of Perilla frutescens under cadmium stress. The results showed that the non-protein thiols in roots and stems mainly existed in the form of GSH, PC2, PC3, and PC4 under Cd stress condition, while in leaves they existed in the form of GSH, PC2, and PC3. Furthermore, the contents of GSH and PCs positively correlated with Cd, but negatively correlated with root vigor and chlorophyll content under Cd stress conditions. After 21 days of treatments, the contents of Cd in different parts of the plant were 1465.2-3092.9 mg· kg-1 in the roots, 199.6-478.4 mg·kg-1 in the stems and 61.3-96.9 mg· kg-1 in the leaves at 2, 5, 10 mg·L-1 Cd levels respectively, and the amount of Cd uptakes were up to 3547.7-5701.7 μg·plant-1. Therefore, P. frutescens performed high capacity in Cd accumulation, and PCs played a key role in Cd tolerance. The application prospect of the plant in phytoremediation Cd polluted soil was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingtie Xiao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology of Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Qixin Lü
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Huanhuan Wen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Bolun Han
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Shen Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xinyu Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology of Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Ruiyu Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology of Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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A Novel Compound YS-5-23 Exhibits Neuroprotective Effect by Reducing β-Site Amyloid Precursor Protein Cleaving Enzyme 1's Expression and H 2O 2-Induced Cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y Cells. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:2113-2127. [PMID: 32556702 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03073-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The abnormally accumulated amyloid-β (Aβ) and oxidative stress contribute to the initiation and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is the rate-limiting enzyme for the production of Aβ. Furthermore, Aβ was reported to increase oxidative stress; then the overproduced oxidative stress continues to increase the expression and activity of BACE1. Consequently, inhibition of both BACE1 and oxidative stress is a better strategy for AD therapy compared with those one-target treatment methods. In the present study, our novel small molecule YS-5-23 was proved to possess both of the activities. Specifically, we found that YS-5-23 reduces BACE1's expression in both SH-SY5Y and Swedish mutated amyloid precursor protein (APP) overexpressed HEK293 cells, and it can also suppress BACE1's expression induced by H2O2. Moreover, YS-5-23 decreases H2O2-induced cytotoxicity including alleviating H2O2-induced apoptosis and loss of mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) because it attenuates the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level elevated by H2O2. Meanwhile, PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is involved in the anti-H2O2 and BACE1 inhibition effect of YS-5-23. Our findings indicate that YS-5-23 may develop as a drug candidate in the prevention and treatment of AD.
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Lee JE, Kim N, Yeo JY, Seo DG, Kim S, Lee JS, Hwang KW, Park SY. Anti-Amyloidogenic Effects of Asarone Derivatives From Perilla frutescens Leaves against Beta-Amyloid Aggregation and Nitric Oxide Production. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234297. [PMID: 31775356 PMCID: PMC6930631 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative brain disorder associated with loss of memory and cognitive function. Beta-amyloid (Aβ) aggregates, in particular, are known to be highly neurotoxic and lead to neurodegeneration. Therefore, blockade or reduction of Aβ aggregation is a promising therapeutic approach in AD. We have previously reported an inhibitory effect of the methanol extract of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton (Lamiaceae) and its hexane fraction on Aβ aggregation. Here, the hexane fraction of P. frutescens was subjected to diverse column chromatography based on activity-guided isolation methodology. This approach identified five asarone derivatives including 2,3-dimethoxy-5-(1E)-1-propen-1-yl-phenol (1), β-asarone (2), 3-(2,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-(2E)-2-propen-1-ol (3), asaronealdehyde (4), and α-asarone (5). All five asarone derivatives efficiently reduced the aggregation of Aβ and disaggregated preformed Aβ aggregates in a dose-dependent manner as determined by a Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence assay. Furthermore, asarone derivatives protected PC12 cells from Aβ aggregate-induced toxicity by reducing the aggregation of Aβ, and significantly reduced NO production from LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. Taken together, these results suggest that asarone derivatives derived from P. frutescens are neuroprotective and have the prophylactic and therapeutic potential in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Eun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, Korea; (J.E.L.); (N.K.); (J.Y.Y.); (D.-G.S.); (S.K.); (J.-S.L.)
| | - Nayeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, Korea; (J.E.L.); (N.K.); (J.Y.Y.); (D.-G.S.); (S.K.); (J.-S.L.)
| | - Ji Yun Yeo
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, Korea; (J.E.L.); (N.K.); (J.Y.Y.); (D.-G.S.); (S.K.); (J.-S.L.)
| | - Dae-Gun Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, Korea; (J.E.L.); (N.K.); (J.Y.Y.); (D.-G.S.); (S.K.); (J.-S.L.)
| | - Sunggun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, Korea; (J.E.L.); (N.K.); (J.Y.Y.); (D.-G.S.); (S.K.); (J.-S.L.)
| | - Jae-Sun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, Korea; (J.E.L.); (N.K.); (J.Y.Y.); (D.-G.S.); (S.K.); (J.-S.L.)
| | - Kwang Woo Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea;
| | - So-Young Park
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, Korea; (J.E.L.); (N.K.); (J.Y.Y.); (D.-G.S.); (S.K.); (J.-S.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-41-550-1434; Fax: +82-41-559-7899
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Discovery of a series of selective and cell permeable beta-secretase (BACE1) inhibitors by fragment linking with the assistance of STD-NMR. Bioorg Chem 2019; 92:103253. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Korean Thistle ( Cirsium japonicum var. maackii (Maxim.) Matsum.): A Potential Dietary Supplement against Diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030649. [PMID: 30759846 PMCID: PMC6385118 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the search for natural products having a dual inhibitory action on diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease, this study investigated the activity of different parts of Korean thistle (Cirsium japonicum var. maackii (Maxim.) Matsum), and its fractional constituents by in vitro enzymatic and in silico molecular docking studies. Cirsium maackii has been used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of several diseases. The ethyl acetate and dichloromethane fractions of a leaf extract showed α-glucosidase and BACE1 inhibitory activity, respectively. Furthermore, the isolated compound, luteolin, exhibited concentration-dependent non-competitive inhibition against both α-glucosidase and BACE1 (IC50 = 51.27 ± 1.23 and 13.75 ± 0.26 μM; Ki value = 52.04 and 14.76 μM, respectively). Moreover, docking studies showed that luteolin formed a strong hydrogen bond with the peripheral binding amino acid residues, and hydrophobic interactions with the α-glucosidase and BACE1 enzymes. Therefore, Korean thistle may act as an important dietary supplement against diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease, especially the leaves, because of the preponderance of the active component, luteolin, making Korean thistle a promising candidate for more detailed in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Kim J, Kang H, Choi H, Jo A, Oh DR, Kim Y, Im S, Lee SG, Jeong KI, Ryu GC, Choi C. Aqueous Extract of Perilla frutescens var. acuta Relaxes the Ciliary Smooth Muscle by Increasing NO/cGMP Content In Vitro and In Vivo. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071777. [PMID: 30029520 PMCID: PMC6100439 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The leaves of Perilla frutescens var. acuta (PFA) are commonly used as a traditional medicine in Korea, Japan, and China. We previously showed that PFA attenuates eye fatigue by improving visual accommodation through a clinical study. However, detailed mechanisms and chemical compounds have not been studied. In this study, we analyzed the active compounds in an aqueous extract of PFA involved in ciliary muscle relaxation in vitro and in vivo. NMR and MS analyses showed that the PFA extract contained mainly luteolin-7-O-diglucuronide and apigenin-7-O-diglucuronide. The composition after freeze-drying and spray-drying was similar. Freeze-dried PFA (50 µg/mL, 100 µg/mL, and 200 µg/mL) increased nitric oxide and cGMP levels in ciliary muscle cells isolated from the eyes of rats. [Ca2+]i decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, Sprague-Dawley rats treated with freeze-dried PFA (200 mg/kg, orally) showed significantly increased cGMP levels compared with the control group and irradiated with white light. Our results suggest that PFA extract has the potential to reduce eye fatigue by relaxing ciliary muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyong Kim
- Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research, Jangheung-gun, Jeollanamdo 59338, Korea.
| | - Huwon Kang
- Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research, Jangheung-gun, Jeollanamdo 59338, Korea.
| | - Hakjoon Choi
- Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research, Jangheung-gun, Jeollanamdo 59338, Korea.
| | - Ara Jo
- Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research, Jangheung-gun, Jeollanamdo 59338, Korea.
| | - Dooi-Ri Oh
- Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research, Jangheung-gun, Jeollanamdo 59338, Korea.
| | - Yujin Kim
- Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research, Jangheung-gun, Jeollanamdo 59338, Korea.
| | - Sojeong Im
- Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research, Jangheung-gun, Jeollanamdo 59338, Korea.
| | - Seul-Gi Lee
- Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research, Jangheung-gun, Jeollanamdo 59338, Korea.
| | - Kyeong-In Jeong
- Department of Optometry and optic science Dong-Shin University, Naju 58245, Korea.
| | - Geun-Chang Ryu
- Department of Optometry and optic science Dong-Shin University, Naju 58245, Korea.
| | - Chulyung Choi
- Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research, Jangheung-gun, Jeollanamdo 59338, Korea.
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Kim DJ, Kim MS, Kim S, Hwang KW, Park SY. Anti-amyloidogenic effects of Perilla frutescens
var. acuta
on beta-amyloid aggregation and disaggregation. J Food Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Da-Jeong Kim
- World Class University, Department of Nanobiomedicine; Dankook University; Cheonan 330-714, Korea
| | - Min-Suk Kim
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy; College of Pharmacy, Dankook University; Cheonan 330-714, Korea
| | - Sunggun Kim
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy; College of Pharmacy, Dankook University; Cheonan 330-714, Korea
| | - Kwang-Woo Hwang
- Host Defense Modulation Laboratory; College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University; Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - So-Young Park
- World Class University, Department of Nanobiomedicine; Dankook University; Cheonan 330-714, Korea
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy; College of Pharmacy, Dankook University; Cheonan 330-714, Korea
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Mani V, Jaafar SM, Azahan NSM, Ramasamy K, Lim SM, Ming LC, Majeed ABA. Ciproxifan improves cholinergic transmission, attenuates neuroinflammation and oxidative stress but does not reduce amyloid level in transgenic mice. Life Sci 2017; 180:23-35. [PMID: 28501482 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AIM The present study is aimed to investigate the ability of ciproxifan, a histamine H3 receptor antagonist to inhibit β-amyloid (Aβ)-induced neurotoxicity in SK-N-SH cells and APP transgenic mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro studies was designed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of ciproxifan in Aβ25-35 - induced SK-N-SH cells. For the in vivo study, ciproxifan (1 and 3mg/kg, i.p.) was administrated to transgenic mice for 15days and behaviour was assessed using the radial arm maze (RAM). Brain tissues were collected to measure Aβ levels (Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42), acetylcholine (ACh), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), nitric oxide (NO), lipid peroxidation (LPO), antioxidant activities, cyclooxygenases (COX) and cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-6), while plasma was collected to measure TGF-1β. RESULTS The in vitro studies demonstrated neuroprotective effect of ciproxifan by increasing cell viability and inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Aβ25-35-induced SK-N-SH cells. Ciproxifan significantly improved the behavioural parameters in RAM. Ciproxifan however, did not alter the Aβ levels in APP transgenic mice. Ciproxifan increased ACh and showed anti-oxidant properties by reducing NO and LPO levels as well as enhancing antioxidant levels. The neuroinflammatory analysis showed that ciproxifan reduced both COX-1 and COX-2 activities, decreased the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-6 and increased the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-1β. CONCLUSION This present study provides scientific evidence of the use of ciproxifan via antioxidant and cholinergic pathways in the management of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasudevan Mani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Pharmaceutical & Life Sciences CoRe, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Siti Murnirah Jaafar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Syamimi Mohd Azahan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kalavathy Ramasamy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Pharmaceutical & Life Sciences CoRe, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Siong Meng Lim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Pharmaceutical & Life Sciences CoRe, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Pharmaceutical & Life Sciences CoRe, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Unit for Medication Outcomes Research and Education (UMORE), Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Abu Bakar Abdul Majeed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Pharmaceutical & Life Sciences CoRe, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Ogunruku OO, Oboh G, Passamonti S, Tramer F, Boligon AA. Capsicum annuum var. grossum (Bell Pepper) Inhibits β-Secretase Activity and β-Amyloid1–40 Aggregation. J Med Food 2017; 20:124-130. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Omodesola Oluwafisayo Ogunruku
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Functional Food, Nutraceuticals and Phytomedicine Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ganiyu Oboh
- Department of Functional Food, Nutraceuticals and Phytomedicine Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | | | - Federica Tramer
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Aline Augusti Boligon
- Program of Post-Graduation in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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Yu H, Qiu JF, Ma LJ, Hu YJ, Li P, Wan JB. Phytochemical and phytopharmacological review of Perilla frutescens L. (Labiatae), a traditional edible-medicinal herb in China. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 108:375-391. [PMID: 27890564 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt., a worldwide distributed plant, is an important economic crop and with a long cultivation history in China as well as some other countries in Asia. Except for the edible applications, the plant of P. frutescens is also traditionally used as a medicinal herb in China for thousands years. The leaves, seeds and stems of P. frutescens are recommended by the Chinese Pharmacopeia as three medicinal materials for various therapeutic applications. In the past decades, amount investigations have been done about different aspects for P. frutescens. However, no literature review about these works has been compiled. This review aims to present the findings of research conducted up-to-date (2015) on the traditional use, phytochemicals, pharmacological activities and toxicities of P. frutescens to provide scientific evidence for well-understanding and future research of P. frutescens. It was found that more than 100 compounds have been reported for P. frutescens and most of them are contributed to its medical benefits such as anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anticancer, anti-microbial, anti-depressive and anti-cough effects. Toxicology studies have been conducted to evaluate the safety of P. frutescens to provide information on their dosages and usages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao; HKBU Shenzhen Research Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Jian-Feng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Li-Juan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Yuan-Jia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao.
| | - Jian-Bo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao.
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Soodi M, Saeidnia S, Sharifzadeh M, Hajimehdipoor H, Dashti A, Sepand MR, Moradi S. Satureja bachtiarica ameliorate beta-amyloid induced memory impairment, oxidative stress and cholinergic deficit in animal model of Alzheimer's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2016; 31:395-404. [PMID: 26638718 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-015-9773-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular deposition of Beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ) is the main finding in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which damages cholinergic neurons through oxidative stress and reduces the cholinergic neurotransmission. Satureja bachtiarica is a medicinal plant from the Lamiaceae family which was widely used in Iranian traditional medicine. The aim of the present study was to investigate possible protective effects of S. bachtiarica methanolic extract on Aβ induced spatial memory impairment in Morris Water Maze (MWM), oxidative stress and cholinergic neuron degeneration. Pre- aggregated Aβ was injected into the hippocampus of each rat bilaterally (10 μg/rat) and MWM task was performed 14 days later to evaluate learning and memory function. Methanolic extract of S.bachtiarica (10, 50 and 100 mg/Kg) was injected intraperitoneally for 19 consecutive days, after Aβ injection. After the probe test the brain tissue were collected and lipid peroxidation, Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and Cholin Acetyl Transferees (ChAT) immunorectivity were measured in the hippocampus. Intrahipocampal injection of Aβ impaired learning and memory in MWM in training days and probe trail. Methanolic extract of S. bachtiarica (50 and 100 mg/Kg) could attenuate Aβ-induced memory deficit. ChAT immunostaining revealed that cholinergic neurons were loss in Aβ- injected group and S. bachtiarica (100 mg/Kg) could ameliorate Aβ- induced ChAT reduction in the hippocampus. Also S. bachtiarica could ameliorate Aβ-induced lipid peroxidation and AChE activity increase in the hippocampus. In conclusion our study represent that S.bachtiarica methanolic extract can improve Aβ-induced memory impairment and cholinergic loss then we recommended this extract as a candidate for further investigation in treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliheh Soodi
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal-Al Ahmad street, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Soodabeh Saeidnia
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sharifzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homa Hajimehdipoor
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Dashti
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal-Al Ahmad street, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Sepand
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahla Moradi
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal-Al Ahmad street, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Yang EJ, Kim GS, Noh H, Shin YS, Song KS. Inhibitory effect of isoliquiritigenin isolated from Glycyrrhizae Radix on amyloid-β production in Swedish mutant amyloid precursor protein-transfected Neuro2a cells. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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18
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Improvement in Long-Term Memory following Chronic Administration of Eryngium planum Root Extract in Scopolamine Model: Behavioral and Molecular Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:145140. [PMID: 26483842 PMCID: PMC4592897 DOI: 10.1155/2015/145140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Eryngium planum L. (EP) is as a rare medicinal plant with a lot of potentials as pharmaceutical crops. The aim of our study was to assess the effect of subchronic (28-fold) administration of a 70% ethanol extract of EP roots (200 mg/kg, p.o.) on behavioral and cognitive responses in Wistar rats linked with acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), and beta-secretase (BACE-1) mRNA levels and AChE and BuChE activities in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. On the last day of experiment, 30 min after the last dose of EP or Huperzine A (HU), scopolamine (SC) was given at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg b.w. intraperitoneally. The results of a passive avoidance test showed an improvement in long-term memory produced by the EP extract in both scopolamine-induced rats and control group. EP caused an insignificant inhibition of AChE and BuChE activities in the frontal cortex and the hippocampus. EP decreased mRNA AChE, BuChE, and BACE-1 levels, especially in the cortex. Our results suggest that the EP extract led to the improvement of the long-term memory in rats coupled with total saponin content. The mechanism of EP action is probably complicated, since HPLC-MS analysis showed 64 chemical compounds (phenolics, saponins) in the extract of EP roots.
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Jeon YJ, Song KS, Han HJ, Park SH, Chang W, Lee MY. Rosmarinic acid inhibits chemical hypoxia-induced cytotoxicity in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. Arch Pharm Res 2014; 37:907-15. [PMID: 24085626 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0234-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We examine the effect of rosmarinic acid (RA) in chemical hypoxia-induced injury in rat hepatocytes. Cell viability was significantly decreased by cobalt chloride (CoCl2), a well-known hypoxia mimetic agent in a time- and dose- dependent manner. RA pretreatment before exposure to CoCl2 significantly attenuated the CoCl2-induced decrease of cell viability. Additionally, pretreatment with RA potentiated the decrease of Bcl-2 expression and attenuated the increase of Caspase-3 expression by CoCl2. CoCl2 treatment resulted in an increase of intracellular ROS generation, which is inhibited by RA or N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC, a ROS scavenger), and p38MAPK phosphorylation, which is also blocked by RA or NAC. CoCl2-induced increase of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and Caspase-3 expression was attenuated by RA, NAC and SB203580 (p38MAPK inhibitor). CoCl2-induced decrease of cell viability was also attenuated by RA, NAC and SB203580 pretreatment. Additionally, RA inhibited CoCl2-induced COX-2 expression and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) secretion. Similar to the effect of RA, both NAC and NS-398 (COX-2 inhibitor) blocked CoCl2-induced COX-2 expression and PGE2 secretion. NS-398 attenuated not only CoCl2-induced increase of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and Caspase-3 expression, but decrease of cell viability. Taken together, RA protects primary cultured rat hepatocytes against CoCl2-induced cell injury through inhibition of ROS-activated p38MAPK and COX-2/PGE2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin Jeon
- Department of Molecular Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, 702-701, Korea
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20
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Lim HJ, Woo KW, Lee KR, Lee SK, Kim HP. Inhibition of Proinflammatory Cytokine Generation in Lung Inflammation by the Leaves of Perilla frutescens and Its Constituents. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2014; 22:62-7. [PMID: 24596623 PMCID: PMC3936423 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2013.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to find some potential natural products and/or constituents inhibiting proinflammatory cytokine generation in lung inflammation, since cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are pivotal for provoking airway inflammation. In our preliminary screening procedure, the 70% ethanol extract of the leaves of Perilla frutescens (PFE) was found to clearly inhibit TNF-α production in the lung at 100 mg/kg, after intranasal lipopolysaccharide treatment of mice. Based on this result, ten constituents including phenylpropanoids (allyltetramethoxybenzene, caffeic acid, dillapiole, elemicin, myristicin, nothoapiole, rosmarinic acid methyl ester, rosmarinic acid) and monoterpenes (perilla aldehyde and perilla ketone) were successfully isolated from the extract. Among them, elemicin and myristicin were found for the first time to concentration-dependently inhibit IL-1β-treated IL-6 production from lung alveolar epithelial cells (A549) at concentrations of 10-100 μM. These findings suggest that the phenylpropanoids including elemicin and myristicin have the potential to be new inhibitory agents against lung inflammation and they may contribute, at least in part, to the inhibitory activity of PFE on the lung inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hun Jai Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701
| | - Kyeong Wan Woo
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746
| | - Kang Ro Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746
| | - Sang Kook Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Pyo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701
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21
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Oleic Acid and Linoleic Acid from Tenebrio molitor Larvae Inhibit BACE1 Activity in vitro: Molecular Docking Studies. J Med Food 2014; 17:284-9. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.2968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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22
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Natarajan S, Shunmugiah KP, Kasi PD. Plants traditionally used in age-related brain disorders (dementia): an ethanopharmacological survey. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2013; 51:492-523. [PMID: 23336528 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2012.738423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Epidemiological studies have shown that despite mortality due to communicable diseases, poverty and human conflicts, the incidence of dementia increases in the developing world in tandem with the ageing population. Although some FDA approved drugs are available for the treatment of dementia, the outcomes are often unsatisfactory. In traditional practices of medicine, numerous plants have been used to treat cognitive disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other memory-related disorders. In western medicine most of the drugs used for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders are derived from plant sources. OBJECTIVE This article reviews plants and their active constituents that have been used for their reputed cognitive-enhancing and antidementia effects. METHODS A literature survey in Science Direct, Pubmed, and Google Scholar was performed to gather information regarding drug discovery from plants sources for the treatment of congnitive disorders and dementia. RESULTS More than forty herbal remedies were identified with cholinesterase inhibitory, anti-inflammatory, or antioxidant activities. Bioactive compounds include alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, saponins, terpenoids, and essential oils. About eleven herbal plants with multipotent activity against AD are discussed. CONCLUSION Literature surveys show that most of the research has been conducted on herbal remedies effect on cholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant activities. Studies regarding the effect of herbal drugs on β-secretase inhibitory activity and antiaggregation property are lacking. This review provides leads for identifying potential new drugs from plant sources for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suganthy Natarajan
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
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23
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Lim YA, Murray LA, Lai MKP, Chen C. NeuroAiD® (MLC601) and amyloid precursor protein processing. Cerebrovasc Dis 2013; 35 Suppl 1:30-7. [PMID: 23548917 DOI: 10.1159/000346236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyloid precursor protein (APP) undergoes cleavage under physiological conditions, predominantly by α- and γ-secretases, to form the nonpathogenic sAPPα and p3 fragments. By contrast, amyloid-beta (Aβ) is produced via proteolytic cleavage by β- and γ-secretases. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), APP is preferentially processed via the amyloidogenic pathway, producing large amounts of Aβ that form the major constituent of senile plaques and tau-containing neurofibrillary tangles. Similarly, stroke patients have a higher level of Aβ around the area of infarct, suggesting that Aβ may mediate at least some of the secondary neurotoxicity observed in stroke patients. METHODS To investigate the effects of MLC601 (NeuroAiD(®)) on regulation of APP processing, the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y was used for all experiments. Stocks of MLC601 were prepared at a final concentration of 50 mg/ml. Cells were treated with different concentrations of MLC601 before assessing changes in the levels of released lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), full-length APP and secreted sAPPα. RESULTS Concentrations of MLC601 between 1 and 1,000 µg/ml significantly lowered the levels of LDH released into the media when compared to control cells. In contrast, MLC601 concentrations at 5,000 and 10,000 µg/ml resulted in a significant increase in the LDH release. Treatment with 100, 500 and 1,000 μg/ml of MLC601 significantly increases the levels of sAPPα secreted by SH-SY5Y into the media. Treatment with 1,000 μg/ml of MLC601 significantly decreased the levels of full-length APP. CONCLUSION MLC601 is a possible modulator of APP processing and has implications as a putative therapeutic strategy for the treatment of poststroke dementia and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y A Lim
- Memory, Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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BACE inhibitory flavanones from Balanophora involucrata Hook. f. Fitoterapia 2012; 83:1386-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sheean P, Rout MK, Head RJ, Bennett LE. Modulation of in vitro activity of zymogenic and mature recombinant human β-secretase by dietary plants. FEBS J 2012; 279:1291-305. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2012.08524.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Howes MJR, Perry E. The Role of Phytochemicals in the Treatment and Prevention of Dementia. Drugs Aging 2011; 28:439-68. [DOI: 10.2165/11591310-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Abstract
This review focuses on recent developments in the use of natural products as therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease. The compounds span a diverse array of structural classes and are organized according to their mechanism of action, with the focus primarily on the major hypotheses. Overall, the review discusses more than 180 compounds and summarizes 400 references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
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Postischemic administration of liposome-encapsulated luteolin prevents against ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model. J Nutr Biochem 2010; 22:929-36. [PMID: 21190830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Revised: 04/24/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress-induced neuronal cell death has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases; one such disease is ischemic stroke. Using reactive oxygen species (ROS)-insulted primary neurons, we screened neuroprotectants with clinical potential and then, using ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model, investigated the anti-ischemic potential of candidate neuroprotectants. Here, we showed that luteolin, isolated from the ripe fruit of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt, exhibited a neuroprotective action upon the in vitro platform, thus serving as candidate for in vivo pharmacological evaluation. Liposome-encapsulated luteolin produced dramatic preventing effects on I/R-induced behavioral and histological injuries after a 13-day post-ischemic treatment. Furthermore, this phytochemical not only lowered the increased level of mitochondrial ROS but also substantially up-regulated the decreased activity of catalase and glutathione in I/R rat brains. Collectively, luteolin as a neuroprotectant acts by anti-ischemic activity likely through a rebalancing of pro-oxidant/antioxidant status. Its multitarget mechanisms implicate potential effectiveness for clinically treating ischemia stroke.
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Potential therapeutic agents against Alzheimer’s disease from natural sources. Arch Pharm Res 2010; 33:1589-609. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-010-1010-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2010] [Revised: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Park DH, Park SJ, Kim JM, Jung WY, Ryu JH. Subchronic administration of rosmarinic acid, a natural prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitor, enhances cognitive performances. Fitoterapia 2010; 81:644-8. [PMID: 20230877 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2010.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2009] [Revised: 03/07/2010] [Accepted: 03/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that inhibition of prolyl oligopeptidase (POP) is involved in memory-related function. In this study, we observed that rosmarinic acid (RA) inhibits POP activity with an IC(50) of 63.7 microM. Subsequently, we investigated the cognitive-enhancing effects of RA employing the Morris water maze paradigm. The results demonstrated that RA is non-competitive POP inhibitor and that acute and subchronic RA treatments showed an inverted U-shaped dose-response curve in the platform crossings. Furthermore, chronic RA treatment significantly increased the platform crossings. These results suggest that RA has a cognitive-enhancing effect which may be mediated by inhibition of POP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyun Park
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Hoeki-dong, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Luteolin from Purple Perilla mitigates ROS insult particularly in primary neurons. Neurobiol Aging 2010; 33:176-86. [PMID: 20382451 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Revised: 01/24/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Increased attention has been paid to the role of oxidant/antioxidant imbalance in neurodegenerative process and pharmaceutical neuroprotective interventions. Food-derived compound luteolin possesses multitarget actions including reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging activity in cultured human endothelial cells or permanent immature rat oligodendrocytes. This study aims to elucidate whether luteolin has a neuroprotective tendency toward ROS-insulted neural cells. The present results showed that luteolin, isolated from the ripe seed of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt., markedly reversed hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity in primary culture cortical neurons but not in cultured human neuroblastoma cells. Upon the ROS-insulted primary neurons, luteolin concentration-dependently enhanced neuronal cell survival with efficacy higher than and potency similar to vitamin E. Additionally, luteolin significantly attenuated the increase in ROS production and prevented the decreases in activities of mitochondria, catalase, and glutathione in ROS-insulted primary neurons. Thus, luteolin functions by neuroprotection possibly through a rebalancing of pro-oxidant-antioxidant status. This agent points to possible interventions for preventing neurodegenerative diseases such as cerebral ischemia, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease, as well as for improving brain aging.
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Tian XY, Zhao Y, Yu SS, Fang WS. BACE1 (Beta-Secretase) Inhibitory Phenolic Acids and a Novel Sesquiterpenoid fromHomalomena occulta. Chem Biodivers 2010; 7:984-92. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200900280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Zhao G, Qin GW, Wang J, Chu WJ, Guo LH. Functional activation of monoamine transporters by luteolin and apigenin isolated from the fruit of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. Neurochem Int 2010; 56:168-76. [PMID: 19815045 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2009.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2009] [Revised: 08/23/2009] [Accepted: 09/23/2009] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhao
- Cell Star Bio-Technologies Co., Limited, Shanghai, PR China
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Al-Tel TH, Al-Qawasmeh RA, Schmidt MF, Al-Aboudi A, Rao SN, Sabri SS, Voelter W. Rational Design and Synthesis of Potent Dibenzazepine Motifs as β-Secretase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2009; 52:6484-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jm9008482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taleb H. Al-Tel
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, UAE
| | | | - Marco F. Schmidt
- Leibniz-Institute of Molecular Pharmacology (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Amal Al-Aboudi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jordan, Amman 1194, Jordan
| | | | - Salim S. Sabri
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Wolfgang Voelter
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Strasse, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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