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Wang Y, Huang Y, Ma A, You J, Miao J, Li J. Natural Antioxidants: An Effective Strategy for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease at the Early Stage. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:11854-11870. [PMID: 38743017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The critical role of oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been recognized by researchers recently, and natural antioxidants have been demonstrated to have anti-AD activity in animal models, such as Ginkgo biloba extract, soy isoflavones, lycopene, and so on. This paper summarized these natural antioxidants and points out that natural antioxidants always have multiple advantages which are help to deal with AD, such as clearing free radicals, regulating signal transduction, protecting mitochondrial function, and synaptic plasticity. Based on the available data, we have created a relatively complete pathway map of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and AD-related targets and concluded that oxidative stress caused by ROS is the core of AD pathogenesis. In the prospect, we introduced the concept of a combined therapeutic strategy, termed "Antioxidant-Promoting Synaptic Remodeling," highlighting the integration of antioxidant interventions with synaptic remodeling approaches as a novel avenue for therapeutic exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, PR China
| | - Yan Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, PR China
| | - Aixia Ma
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, PR China
| | - Jiahe You
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, PR China
| | - Jing Miao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Materia Medica, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, PR China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, PR China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biology Education, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, PR China
| | - Jinyao Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, PR China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, PR China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biology Education, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, PR China
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Ao T, Liu A, Soko WC, Bi H. Impact of the rearing environment on the metabolism of shrimps and tracing the origins and species of shrimps using specific metabolites. Analyst 2024; 149:2887-2897. [PMID: 38568716 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00186a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Herein, the link between rearing environmental condition and metabolism was explored. Metabolite fingerprint datasets of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) from three production sites were collected and studied using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and HPLC-MS/MS. Two compounds, benzisothiazolinone and hippuric acid, were identified to be potentially related to pollution in the rearing environment and showed different abundances in the analysed shrimp samples with different origins. Furthermore, metabolomic analysis on three shrimp species, black tiger shrimp, kuruma shrimp (Penaeus japonicus) and sword shrimp (Parapenaeopsis hardwickii), under an identical rearing environment was also conducted. Two compounds, diethanolamine and benzisothiazolinone, potentially linked with pollution in the rearing environment were identified. The present protocol holds promise to be extended to the studies of exploring the relationship between rearing environmental conditions and metabolism. Furthermore, the analysis of single-blind samples was conducted. The results show that specific metabolites can be utilized as markers for tracing the origins of shrimp samples. The present protocol holds potential for application in tracing the origin and species of certain seafoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtala Ao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Hucheng Ring Road 999, Pudong New District, 201306 Shanghai, China.
| | - Aolin Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Hucheng Ring Road 999, Pudong New District, 201306 Shanghai, China.
| | - Winnie C Soko
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Hucheng Ring Road 999, Pudong New District, 201306 Shanghai, China.
| | - Hongyan Bi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Hucheng Ring Road 999, Pudong New District, 201306 Shanghai, China.
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Balakrishnan R, Jannat K, Choi DK. Development of dietary small molecules as multi-targeting treatment strategies for Alzheimer's disease. Redox Biol 2024; 71:103105. [PMID: 38471283 PMCID: PMC10945280 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction can occur both in normal aging and age-related neurological disorders, such as mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (AD). These disorders have few treatment options due to side effects and limited efficacy. New approaches to slow cognitive decline are urgently needed. Dietary interventions (nutraceuticals) have received considerable attention because they exhibit strong neuroprotective properties and may help prevent or minimize AD symptoms. Biological aging is driven by a series of interrelated mechanisms, including oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis, and autophagy, which function through various signaling pathways. Recent clinical and preclinical studies have shown that dietary small molecules derived from natural sources, including flavonoids, carotenoids, and polyphenolic acids, can modulate oxidative damage, cognitive impairments, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis, autophagy dysregulation, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. This paper reviews research on different dietary small molecules and their bioactive constituents in the treatment of AD. Additionally, the chemical structure, effective dose, and specific molecular mechanisms of action are comprehensively explored. This paper also discusses the advantages of using nanotechnology-based drug delivery, which significantly enhances oral bioavailability, safety, and therapeutic effect, and lowers the risk of adverse effects. These agents have considerable potential as novel and safe therapeutic agents that can prevent and combat age-related AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rengasamy Balakrishnan
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, South Korea; Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, South Korea
| | - Khoshnur Jannat
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, South Korea
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, South Korea; Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, South Korea.
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Karpurapu M, Kakarala KK, Chung S, Nie Y, Koley A, Dougherty P, Christman JW. Epigallocatechin gallate regulates the myeloid-specific transcription factor PU.1 in macrophages. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301904. [PMID: 38662666 PMCID: PMC11045095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Our previous research demonstrated that PU.1 regulates expression of the genes involved in inflammation in macrophages. Selective knockdown of PU.1 in macrophages ameliorated LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in bone marrow chimera mice. Inhibitors that block the transcriptional activity of PU.1 in macrophages have the potential to mitigate the pathophysiology of LPS-induced ALI. However, complete inactivation of PU.1 gene disrupts normal myelopoiesis. Although the green tea polyphenol Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has been shown to regulate inflammatory genes in various cell types, it is not known if EGCG alters the transcriptional activity of PU.1 protein. Using Schrodinger Glide docking, we have identified that EGCG binds with PU.1 protein, altering its DNA-binding and self-dimerization activity. In silico analysis shows that EGCG forms Hydrogen bonds with Glutamic Acid 209, Leucine 250 in DNA binding and Lysine 196, Tryptophan 193, and Leucine 182 in the self-dimerization domain of the PU.1 protein. Experimental validation using mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) confirmed that EGCG inhibits both DNA binding by PU.1 and self-dimerization. Importantly, EGCG had no impact on expression of the total PU.1 protein levels but significantly reduced expression of various inflammatory genes and generation of ROS. In summary, we report that EGCG acts as an inhibitor of the PU.1 transcription factor in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjula Karpurapu
- Division of Pulmonary, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | | | - Sangwoon Chung
- Division of Pulmonary, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Yunjuan Nie
- Division of Pulmonary, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, P.R. China
| | - Amritendu Koley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Patrick Dougherty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - John W. Christman
- Division of Pulmonary, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America
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Pan Y, Li Z, Zhao X, Du Y, Zhang L, Lu Y, Yang L, Cao Y, Qiu J, Qian Y. Screening of Active Substances Regulating Alzheimer's Disease in Ginger and Visualization of the Effectiveness on 6-Gingerol Pathway Targets. Foods 2024; 13:612. [PMID: 38397589 PMCID: PMC10888025 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ginger has been reported to potentially treat Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the specific compounds responsible for this biological function and their mechanisms are still unknown. In this study, a combination of network pharmacology, molecular docking, and dynamic simulation technology was used to screen active substances that regulate AD and explore their mechanisms. The TCMSP, GeneCards, OMIM, and DisGeNET databases were utilized to obtain 95 cross-targets related to ginger's active ingredients and AD as key targets. A functional enrichment analysis revealed that the pathways in which ginger's active substances may be involved in regulating AD include response to exogenous stimuli, response to oxidative stress, response to toxic substances, and lipid metabolism, among others. Furthermore, a drug-active ingredient-key target interaction network diagram was constructed, highlighting that 6-Gingerol is associated with 16 key targets. Additionally, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was mapped for the key targets, and HUB genes (ALB, ACTB, GAPDH, CASP3, and CAT) were identified. Based on the results of network pharmacology and cell experiments, 6-Gingerol was selected as the active ingredient for further investigation. Molecular docking was performed between 6-Gingerol and its 16 key targets, and the top three proteins with the strongest binding affinities (ACHE, MMP2, and PTGS2) were chosen for molecular dynamics analysis together with the CASP3 protein as the HUB gene. The findings indicate that 6-Gingerol exhibits strong binding ability to these disease targets, suggesting its potential role in regulating AD at the molecular level, as well as in abnormal cholinesterase metabolism and cell apoptosis, among other related regulatory pathways. These results provide a solid theoretical foundation for future in vitro experiments using actual cells and animal experiments to further investigate the application of 6-Gingerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yecan Pan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.P.); (Z.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.D.); (L.Z.); (Y.L.); (L.Y.); (Y.C.); (J.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zishu Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.P.); (Z.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.D.); (L.Z.); (Y.L.); (L.Y.); (Y.C.); (J.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.P.); (Z.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.D.); (L.Z.); (Y.L.); (L.Y.); (Y.C.); (J.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yang Du
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.P.); (Z.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.D.); (L.Z.); (Y.L.); (L.Y.); (Y.C.); (J.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.P.); (Z.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.D.); (L.Z.); (Y.L.); (L.Y.); (Y.C.); (J.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yushun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.P.); (Z.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.D.); (L.Z.); (Y.L.); (L.Y.); (Y.C.); (J.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.P.); (Z.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.D.); (L.Z.); (Y.L.); (L.Y.); (Y.C.); (J.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yilin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.P.); (Z.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.D.); (L.Z.); (Y.L.); (L.Y.); (Y.C.); (J.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.P.); (Z.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.D.); (L.Z.); (Y.L.); (L.Y.); (Y.C.); (J.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yongzhong Qian
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.P.); (Z.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.D.); (L.Z.); (Y.L.); (L.Y.); (Y.C.); (J.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
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Shah A, Mir PA, Adnan M, Patel M, Maqbool M, Mir RH, Masoodi MH. Synthetic and Natural Bioactive Molecules in Balancing the Crosstalk among Common Signaling Pathways in Alzheimer's Disease: Understanding the Neurotoxic Mechanisms for Therapeutic Intervention. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:39964-39983. [PMID: 37929080 PMCID: PMC10620788 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The structure and function of the brain greatly rely on different signaling pathways. The wide variety of biological processes, including neurogenesis, axonal remodeling, the development and maintenance of pre- and postsynaptic terminals, and excitatory synaptic transmission, depends on combined actions of these molecular pathways. From that point of view, it is important to investigate signaling pathways and their crosstalk in order to better understand the formation of toxic proteins during neurodegeneration. With recent discoveries, it is established that the modulation of several pathological events in Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Wnt signaling, 5'-adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), and sirtuin 1 (Sirt1, silent mating-type information regulator 2 homologue 1) are central to the key findings. These include decreased amyloid formation and inflammation, mitochondrial dynamics control, and enhanced neural stability. This review intends to emphasize the importance of these signaling pathways, which collectively determine the fate of neurons in AD in several ways. This review will also focus on the role of novel synthetic and natural bioactive molecules in balancing the intricate crosstalk among different pathways in order to prolong the longevity of AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul
Jalil Shah
- Pharmaceutical
Chemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Prince Ahad Mir
- Khalsa
College of Pharmacy, G.T. Road, Amritsar 143002, Punjab, India
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department
of Biology, College of Science, University
of Ha’il, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mitesh Patel
- Research
and Development Cell, Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute
of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India
| | - Mudasir Maqbool
- Pharmacy
Practice Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Reyaz Hassan Mir
- Pharmaceutical
Chemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mubashir Hussain Masoodi
- Pharmaceutical
Chemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Jiang N, Ma J, Wang Q, Xu Y, Wei B. Tea intake or consumption and the risk of dementia: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15688. [PMID: 37483967 PMCID: PMC10361076 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Dementia affects as many as 130 million people, which presents a significant and growing medical burden globally. This meta-analysis aims to assess whether tea intake, tea consumption can reduce the risk of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Vascular dementia (VD). Patients and methods Cochrane Library, PubMed and Embase were searched for cohort studies from inception to November 1, 2022. The Newcastle Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS) was applied to evaluate the risk of bias of the included studies. We extracted the data as the relative risks (RRs) for the outcome of the interest, and conducted the meta-analysis utilizing the random effect model due to the certain heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis were performed by moving one study at a time, Subgroup-analysis was carried out according to different ages and dementia types. And the funnel plots based on Egger's and Begger's regression tests were used to evaluate publication bias. All statistical analyses were performed using Stata statistical software version 14.0 and R studio version 4.2.0. Results Seven prospective cohort studies covering 410,951 individuals, which were published from 2009 and 2022 were included in this meta-analysis. The methodological quality of these studies was relatively with five out of seven being of high quality and the remaining being of moderate. The pooling analysis shows that the relationship between tea intake or consumption is associated with a reduced risk of all-cause dementia (RR = 0.71, 95% CI [0.57-0.88], I2 = 79.0%, p < 0.01). Further, the subgroup-analysis revealed that tea intake or consumption is associated with a reduced risk of AD (RR = 0.88, 95% CI [0.79-0.99], I2 = 52.6%, p = 0.024) and VD (RR = 0.75, 95% CI [0.66-0.85], I = 0.00%, p < 0.001). Lastly, tea intake or consumption could reduce the risk of all-cause dementia to a greater degree among populations with less physical activity, older age, APOE carriers, and smokers. Conclusion Our meta-analysis demonstrated that tea (green tea or black tea) intake or consumption is associated with a significant reduction in the risk of dementia, AD or VD. These findings provide evidence that tea intake or consumption should be recognized as an independent protective factor against the onset of dementia, AD or VD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Jiang
- School of Nursing, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Jinlong Ma
- Yanbian University, Yanbian, Jilin, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Postdoctoral Workstation, Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Yuzhen Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Baojian Wei
- School of Nursing, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong, China
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Chen Y, Liu Z, Gong Y. Neuron-immunity communication: mechanism of neuroprotective effects in EGCG. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-20. [PMID: 37216484 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2212069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a naturally occurring active ingredient unique to tea, has been shown to have neuroprotective potential. There is growing evidence of its potential advantages in the prevention and treatment of neuroinflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, and neurological damage. Neuroimmune communication is an important physiological mechanism in neurological diseases, including immune cell activation and response, cytokine delivery. EGCG shows great neuroprotective potential by modulating signals related to autoimmune response and improving communication between the nervous system and the immune system, effectively reducing the inflammatory state and neurological function. During neuroimmune communication, EGCG promotes the secretion of neurotrophic factors into the repair of damaged neurons, improves intestinal microenvironmental homeostasis, and ameliorates pathological phenotypes through molecular and cellular mechanisms related to the brain-gut axis. Here, we discuss the molecular and cellular mechanisms of inflammatory signaling exchange involving neuroimmune communication. We further emphasize that the neuroprotective role of EGCG is dependent on the modulatory role between immunity and neurology in neurologically related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Educatioxn, Changsha, China
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Educatioxn, Changsha, China
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yushun Gong
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Educatioxn, Changsha, China
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, China
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Quan W, Lin Y, Zou H, Li M, Luo J, He Z, Chen J, Liu Z. Can habitual tea drinking be an effective approach against age-related neurodegenerative cognitive disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological evidence. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:5835-5851. [PMID: 36579429 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2158780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Our present knowledge about the efficacy of tea consumption in improving age-related cognitive disorders is incomplete since previous epidemiological studies provide inconsistent evidence. This unified systematic review and meta-analysis based on updated epidemiological cohort studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evidence aimed to overcome the limitations of previous reviews by examining the efficacy of distinct types of tea consumption. PubMed, Embase, and MEDLINE were searched up to May 20, 2022, and 23 cohorts and 12 cross-sectional studies were included. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted to obtain pooled RRs or mean differences with 95% CIs. The pooled RRs of the highest versus lowest tea consumption categories were 0.81 (95% CIs: 0.75-0.88) and 0.69 (95% CIs: 0.61-0.77), respectively. The pooled mean difference of four included RCTs revealed a beneficial effect of tea on cognitive dysfunction (MMSE ES: 1.03; 95% CI, 0.14-1.92). Subgroup analyses further demonstrated that green and black tea intake was associated with a lower risk of cognitive disorders in eastern countries, especially in women. The evidence quality was generally low to moderate. The present review provides insight into whether habitual tea consumption can be an effective approach against age-related neurodegenerative cognitive disorders and summarizes potential mechanisms based on currently published literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Quan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Lin
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huiyu Zou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Maiquan Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Luo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Noll C, Kandiah J, Moroy G, Gu Y, Dairou J, Janel N. Catechins as a Potential Dietary Supplementation in Prevention of Comorbidities Linked with Down Syndrome. Nutrients 2022; 14:2039. [PMID: 35631180 PMCID: PMC9147372 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived polyphenols flavonoids are increasingly being recognized for their medicinal potential. These bioactive compounds derived from plants are gaining more interest in ameliorating adverse health risks because of their low toxicity and few side effects. Among them, therapeutic approaches demonstrated the efficacy of catechins, a major group of flavonoids, in reverting several aspects of Down syndrome, the most common genomic disorder that causes intellectual disability. Down syndrome is characterized by increased incidence of developing Alzheimer's disease, obesity, and subsequent metabolic disorders. In this focused review, we examine the main effects of catechins on comorbidities linked with Down syndrome. We also provide evidence of catechin effects on DYRK1A, a dosage-sensitive gene encoding a protein kinase involved in brain defects and metabolic disease associated with Down syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Noll
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada;
| | - Janany Kandiah
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, UMR 8251 CNRS, Université Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France; (J.K.); (Y.G.)
| | - Gautier Moroy
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, INSERM CNRS, Université Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France;
| | - Yuchen Gu
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, UMR 8251 CNRS, Université Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France; (J.K.); (Y.G.)
| | - Julien Dairou
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, UMR 8601 CNRS, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France;
| | - Nathalie Janel
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, UMR 8251 CNRS, Université Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France; (J.K.); (Y.G.)
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11
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Multifaceted neuroprotective effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in Alzheimer’s disease: an overview of pre-clinical studies focused on β-amyloid peptide. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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12
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Zhao Y, Fang C, Jin C, Bao Z, Yang G, Jin Y. Catechin from green tea had the potential to decrease the chlorpyrifos induced oxidative stress in larval zebrafish (Danio rerio). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 182:105028. [PMID: 35249660 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.105028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Catechin is a biological compound in green tea (Camellia sinesis), which has anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and attenuated effects in different experimental models. Chlorpyrifos (CPF), a broad-spectrum organophosphate insecticide, has resulted in oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis in zebrafish. The goal of this study is to assess whether catechin can alleviate CPF-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis in the early developmental stage of zebrafish. According to the results, we observed that 200 μg/L CPF exposure could induce oxidative stress, ROS production and changing the antioxidant-related enzymes and genes in larval zebrafish. Interestingly, catechin had the potential to reduce the oxidative damage and cell apoptosis caused by CPF exposure in larval zebrafish at different endpoints. Especially, catechin could promote the contents of GSH and activity of GST in zebrafish larvae injured by CPF, suggesting that catechin could repair oxidative damage at a certain degree by regulating the activities and gene transcription of some key enzymes related to GSH pathway in zebrafish. In addition, at transcriptional levels, a high concentration of catechin exposure reduced the expression genes of Mn-SOD, Cat, gst, and GPX induced by CPF in larval zebrafish. These genes mainly reflected the degree of oxidative damage of zebrafish, which was basically consistent with the enzyme activity. Catechin also could reduce the transcription of p53 and bax, which are tightly related to the apoptosis induced by CPF in zebrafish larvae. The expression of genes was consistent with ROS production, which proved that catechin could alleviate the apoptosis induced by CPF. This study discovered that catechin had some antioxidant effects in aquatic animals to reduce the toxicity caused by pesticides and offered the scientific basis for the utilization and development of catechin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhao
- Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chanlin Fang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, Zhejiang, China; State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cuiyuan Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiwei Bao
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, Zhejiang, China; State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guiling Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, Zhejiang, China.
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13
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Alghamdi SS, Suliman RS, Aljammaz NA, Kahtani KM, Aljatli DA, Albadrani GM. Natural Products as Novel Neuroprotective Agents; Computational Predictions of the Molecular Targets, ADME Properties, and Safety Profile. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:549. [PMID: 35214883 PMCID: PMC8878483 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are one of the most challenging public health issues. Despite tremendous advances in our understanding of NDs, little progress has been made in establishing effective treatments. Natural products may have enormous potential in preventing and treating NDs by targeting microglia; yet, there have been several clinical concerns about their usage, primarily due to a lack of scientific evidence for their efficacy, molecular targets, physicochemical properties, and safety. To solve this problem, the secondary bioactive metabolites derived from neuroprotective medicinal plants were identified and selected for computational predictions for anti-inflammatory activity, possible molecular targets, physicochemical properties, and safety evaluation using PASS online, Molinspiration, SwissADME, and ProTox-II, respectively. Most of the phytochemicals were active as anti-inflammatory agents as predicted using the PASS online webserver. Moreover, the molecular target predictions for some phytochemicals were similar to the reported experimental targets. Moreover, the phytochemicals that did not violate important physicochemical properties, including blood-brain barrier penetration, GI absorption, molecular weight, and lipophilicity, were selected for further safety evaluation. After screening 54 neuroprotective phytochemicals, our findings suggest that Aromatic-turmerone, Apocynin, and Matrine are the most promising compounds that could be considered when designing novel neuroprotective agents to treat neurodegenerative diseases via modulating microglial polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Saleh Alghamdi
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia; (R.S.S.); (N.A.A.); (K.M.K.); (D.A.A.)
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha Saad Suliman
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia; (R.S.S.); (N.A.A.); (K.M.K.); (D.A.A.)
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah Abdulaziz Aljammaz
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia; (R.S.S.); (N.A.A.); (K.M.K.); (D.A.A.)
| | - Khawla Mohammed Kahtani
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia; (R.S.S.); (N.A.A.); (K.M.K.); (D.A.A.)
| | - Dimah Abdulqader Aljatli
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia; (R.S.S.); (N.A.A.); (K.M.K.); (D.A.A.)
| | - Ghadeer M. Albadrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11474, Saudi Arabia;
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14
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Pachetti M, D'Amico F, Pascolo L, Pucciarelli S, Gessini A, Parisse P, Vaccari L, Masciovecchio C. UV Resonance Raman explores protein structural modification upon fibrillation and ligand interaction. Biophys J 2021; 120:4575-4589. [PMID: 34474016 PMCID: PMC8553600 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloids are proteinaceous deposits considered an underlying pathological hallmark of several degenerative diseases. The mechanism of amyloid formation and its inhibition still represent challenging issues, especially when protein structure cannot be investigated by classical biophysical techniques as for the intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). In this view, the need to find an alternative way for providing molecular and structural information regarding IDPs prompted us to set a novel, to our knowledge, approach focused on UV Resonance Raman (UVRR) spectroscopy. To test its applicability, we study the fibrillation of hen-egg white lysozyme (HEWL) and insulin as well as their interaction with resveratrol, employing also intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The increasing of the β-sheet structure content at the end of protein fibrillation probed by FTIR occurs simultaneously with a major solvent exposure of tryptophan (Trp) and tyrosine (Tyr) residues of HEWL and insulin, respectively, as revealed by UVRR and intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy. However, because the latter technique is successfully used when proteins naturally contain Trp residues, it shows poor performances in the case of insulin, and the information regarding its tertiary structure is exclusively provided by UVRR spectroscopy. The presence of an increased concentration of resveratrol induces mild changes in the secondary structure of both protein fibrils while remodeling HEWL fibril length and promoting the formation of amorphous aggregates in the case of insulin. Although the intrinsic fluorescence spectra of proteins are hidden by resveratrol signal, UVRR Trp and Tyr bands are resonantly enhanced, showing a good sensitivity to the presence of resveratrol and marking a modification in the noncovalent interactions in which they are involved. Our findings demonstrate that UVRR is successfully employed in the study of aggregation-prone proteins and of their interaction with ligands, especially in the case of Trp-lacking proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pachetti
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Department of Physics, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy.
| | | | - Lorella Pascolo
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefania Pucciarelli
- University of Camerino, School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Pietro Parisse
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Istituto Officina dei Materiali - CNR (IOM-CNR), Trieste, Italy
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15
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Fernandes L, Cardim-Pires TR, Foguel D, Palhano FL. Green Tea Polyphenol Epigallocatechin-Gallate in Amyloid Aggregation and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:718188. [PMID: 34594185 PMCID: PMC8477582 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.718188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of protein aggregates in human tissues is a hallmark of more than 40 diseases called amyloidoses. In seven of these disorders, the aggregation is associated with neurodegenerative processes in the central nervous system such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and Huntington’s disease (HD). The aggregation occurs when certain soluble proteins lose their physiological function and become toxic amyloid species. The amyloid assembly consists of protein filament interactions, which can form fibrillar structures rich in β-sheets. Despite the frequent incidence of these diseases among the elderly, the available treatments are limited and at best palliative, and new therapeutic approaches are needed. Among the many natural compounds that have been evaluated for their ability to prevent or delay the amyloidogenic process is epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), an abundant and potent polyphenolic molecule present in green tea that has extensive biological activity. There is evidence for EGCG’s ability to inhibit the aggregation of α-synuclein, amyloid-β, and huntingtin proteins, respectively associated with PD, AD, and HD. It prevents fibrillogenesis (in vitro and in vivo), reduces amyloid cytotoxicity, and remodels fibrils to form non-toxic amorphous species that lack seed propagation. Although it is an antioxidant, EGCG in an oxidized state can promote fibrils’ remodeling through formation of Schiff bases and crosslinking the fibrils. Moreover, microparticles to drug delivery were synthesized from oxidized EGCG and loaded with a second anti-amyloidogenic molecule, obtaining a synergistic therapeutic effect. Here, we describe several pre-clinical and clinical studies involving EGCG and neurodegenerative diseases and their related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Fernandes
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Programa de Biologia Estrutural, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thyago R Cardim-Pires
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Programa de Biologia Estrutural, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Debora Foguel
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Programa de Biologia Estrutural, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando L Palhano
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Programa de Biologia Estrutural, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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16
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Neuroprotective Effects of Palmatine via the Enhancement of Antioxidant Defense and Small Heat Shock Protein Expression in A β-Transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9966223. [PMID: 34567416 PMCID: PMC8460366 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9966223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Palmatine is a naturally occurring isoquinoline alkaloid that has been reported to display neuroprotective effects against amyloid-β- (Aβ-) induced neurotoxicity. However, the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective activities of palmatine remain poorly characterized in vivo. We employed transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans models containing human Aβ1-42 to investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of palmatine-mediated neuroprotection. Treatment with palmatine significantly delayed the paralytic process and reduced the elevated reactive oxygen species levels in Aβ-transgenic C. elegans. In addition, it increased oxidative stress resistance without affecting the lifespan of wild-type C. elegans. Pathway analysis suggested that the differentially expressed genes were related mainly to aging, detoxification, and lipid metabolism. Real-time PCR indicated that resistance-related genes such as sod-3 and shsp were significantly upregulated, while the lipid metabolism-related gene fat-5 was downregulated. Further studies demonstrated that the inhibitory effects of palmatine on Aβ toxicity were attributable to the free radical-scavenging capacity and that the upregulated expression of resistance-related genes, especially shsp, whose expression was regulated by HSF-1, played crucial roles in protecting cells from Aβ-induced toxicity. The research showed that there were significantly fewer Aβ deposits in transgenic CL2006 nematodes treated with palmatine than in control nematodes. In addition, our study found that Aβ-induced toxicity was accompanied by dysregulation of lipid metabolism, leading to excessive fat accumulation in Aβ-transgenic CL4176 nematodes. The alleviation of lipid disorder by palmatine should be attributed not only to the reduction in fat synthesis but also to the inhibition of Aβ aggregation and toxicity, which jointly maintained metabolic homeostasis. This study provides new insights into the in vivo neuroprotective effects of palmatine against Aβ aggregation and toxicity and provides valuable targets for the prevention and treatment of AD.
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17
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Gonçalves PB, Sodero ACR, Cordeiro Y. Green Tea Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) Targeting Protein Misfolding in Drug Discovery for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biomolecules 2021; 11:767. [PMID: 34065606 PMCID: PMC8160836 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential to treat neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) of the major bioactive compound of green tea, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), is well documented. Numerous findings now suggest that EGCG targets protein misfolding and aggregation, a common cause and pathological mechanism in many NDs. Several studies have shown that EGCG interacts with misfolded proteins such as amyloid beta-peptide (Aβ), linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD), and α-synuclein, linked to Parkinson's disease (PD). To date, NDs constitute a serious public health problem, causing a financial burden for health care systems worldwide. Although current treatments provide symptomatic relief, they do not stop or even slow the progression of these devastating disorders. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop effective drugs for these incurable ailments. It is expected that targeting protein misfolding can serve as a therapeutic strategy for many NDs since protein misfolding is a common cause of neurodegeneration. In this context, EGCG may offer great potential opportunities in drug discovery for NDs. Therefore, this review critically discusses the role of EGCG in NDs drug discovery and provides updated information on the scientific evidence that EGCG can potentially be used to treat many of these fatal brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yraima Cordeiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil; (P.B.G.); (A.C.R.S.)
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18
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Iqubal A, Rahman SO, Ahmed M, Bansal P, Haider MR, Iqubal MK, Najmi AK, Pottoo FH, Haque SE. Current Quest in Natural Bioactive Compounds for Alzheimer's Disease: Multi-Targeted-Designed-Ligand Based Approach with Preclinical and Clinical Based Evidence. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:685-720. [PMID: 33302832 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121999201209201004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a common and most chronic neurological disorder (NDs) associated with cognitive dysfunction. Pathologically, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques, hyper-phosphorylated tau proteins, and neurofibrillary tangles, however, persistence oxidative-nitrative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory cytokines, pro-apoptotic proteins along with altered neurotransmitters level are common etiological attributes in its pathogenesis. Rivastigmine, memantine, galantamine, and donepezil are FDA approved drugs for symptomatic management of AD, whereas tacrine has been withdrawn because of hepatotoxic profile. These approved drugs only exert symptomatic relief and exhibit poor patient compliance. In the current scenario, the number of published evidence shows the neuroprotective potential of naturally occurring bioactive molecules via their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic and neurotransmitter modulatory properties. Despite their potent therapeutic implications, concerns have arisen in context to their efficacy and probable clinical outcome. Thus, to overcome these glitches, many heterocyclic and cyclic hydrocarbon compounds inspired by natural sources have been synthesized and showed improved therapeutic activity. Computational studies (molecular docking) have been used to predict the binding affinity of these natural bioactive as well as synthetic compounds derived from natural sources for the acetylcholine esterase, α/β secretase Nuclear Factor kappa- light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB), Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2) and other neurological targets. Thus, in this review, we have discussed the molecular etiology of AD, focused on the pharmacotherapeutics of natural products, chemical and pharmacological aspects and multi-targeted designed ligands (MTDLs) of synthetic and semisynthetic molecules derived from the natural sources along with some important on-going clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, JamiaHamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Syed Obaidur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, JamiaHamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Musheer Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, JamiaHamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Pratichi Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, JamiaHamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Md Rafi Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, JamiaHamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Mohammad Kashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, JamiaHamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Abul Kalam Najmi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, JamiaHamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Faheem Hyder Pottoo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal, University, P.O.BOX 1982, Damman, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Ehtaishamul Haque
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, JamiaHamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
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Luo M, Gan RY, Li BY, Mao QQ, Shang A, Xu XY, Li HY, Li HB. Effects and Mechanisms of Tea on Parkinson’s Disease, Alzheimer’s Disease and Depression. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1904413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bang-Yan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou
| | - Qian-Qian Mao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou
| | - Ao Shang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou
| | - Xiao-Yu Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou
| | - Hang-Yu Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou
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Lee Y, Lee J, Lim C. Anticancer activity of flavonoids accompanied by redox state modulation and the potential for a chemotherapeutic strategy. Food Sci Biotechnol 2021; 30:321-340. [PMID: 33868744 PMCID: PMC8017064 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-021-00899-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since researchers began studying the mechanism of flavonoids' anticancer activity, little attention has been focused on the modulation of redox state in cells as a potential chemotherapeutic strategy. However, recent studies have begun identifying that the anticancer effect of flavonoids occurs both in their antioxidative activity which scavenges ROS and their prooxidative activity which generates ROS. Against this backdrop, this study attempts to achieve a comprehensive analysis of the individual and separate study findings regarding flavonoids' modulation of redox state in cancer cells. It focuses on the mechanism behind the anticancer effect, and mostly on the modulation of redox potential by flavonoids such as quercetin, hesperetin, apigenin, genistein, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), luteolin and kaempferol in both in vitro and animal models. In addition, the clinical applications of and bioavailability of flavonoids were reviewed to help build a treatment strategy based on flavonoids' prooxidative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkyu Lee
- Foood and Nutrition, College of Science and Engineering, Dongseo University, Jurae-ro 47, Sasang-Gu, Busan, 47011 Korea
| | - Jehyung Lee
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Daesingongwon-ro 32, Seo-Gu, Busan, 49201 Korea
| | - Changbaek Lim
- Central Research & Development Center, Daewoo Pharmaceutical Co, LTD. 153, Dadae-ro, Saha-gu, Busan, 49393 Korea
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21
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Revisiting Tumors and the Cardiovascular System: Mechanistic Intersections and Divergences in Ferroptosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:9738143. [PMID: 32908642 PMCID: PMC7450308 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9738143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis was recently identified as an iron-dependent regulatory necrosis process mediated by polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation. The pivotal events related to oxidative stress in ferroptosis include direct or indirect glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) inhibition, ferrous iron overload, and lipid peroxidation. The links between ferroptosis and multiple pathological processes including tumor and cardiovascular system disease have become increasingly apparent, and the mechanisms and compounds involved in ferroptosis, such as reduction of coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone/CoQ10), are gradually emerging. Current reports have revealed crossroads between ferroptosis and other multiple responses. This overview of the current research illuminates the mechanisms involving ferroptosis-related compounds and emphasizes the crosstalk between ferroptosis and other responses, including mitochondrial damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress), autophagy, and the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), to reveal the intersections of regulatory mechanisms. This review also outlines the discovery, characterization, and pathological relevance of ferroptosis and notes controversial elements in ferroptosis-related mechanisms, such as nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), sequestosome 1 (p62/SQSTM1), and heat shock protein family A member 5 (HSPA5). We hope our inferences will supply a partial reference for disorder prevention and treatment.
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22
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Seo KH, Choi SY, Jin Y, Son H, Kang YS, Jung SH, Kim YI, Eum S, Bach TT, Yoo HM, Whang WK, Jung SY, Kang W, Ko HM, Lee SH. Anti‑inflammatory role of Prunus persica L. Batsch methanol extract on lipopolysaccharide‑stimulated glial cells. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:2030-2040. [PMID: 32186769 PMCID: PMC7115241 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glial cells are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system. Reactive glial cells release inflammatory mediators that induce neurotoxicity or aggravate neurodegeneration. Regulation of glial activation is crucial for the initiation and progression of neuropathological conditions. Constituents of the peach tree (Prunus persica L. Batsch), which has a global distribution, have been found to exert therapeutic effects in pathological conditions, such as rashes, eczema and allergies. However, the therapeutic potential of its aerial parts (leaves, fruits and twigs) remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory role of P. persica methanol extract (PPB) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated glial cells. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry analysis showed that PPB contained chlorogenic acid and catechin, which have antioxidant properties. Western blot and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction results indicated that PPB reduced the transcription of various proinflammatory enzymes (nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2) and cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6] in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. In addition, PPB inhibited the activation of NF-κB and various mitogen-activated protein kinases required for proinflammatory mediator transcription. Finally, nitrite measurement and immunocytochemistry results indicated that PPB also suppressed nitrite production and NF-κB translocation in LPS-stimulated primary astrocytes. Thus, PPB may be used as a potential therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative diseases and neurotoxicity via the suppression of glial cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Hee Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Chung‑Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonsun Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Chung‑Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Heebin Son
- College of Pharmacy, Chung‑Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sun Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyo Jung
- Department of Medicine, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-In Kim
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmi Eum
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tran The Bach
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Hee Min Yoo
- Center for Bioanalysis, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Kyunn Whang
- Pharmaceutical Botany Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung‑Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Chung‑Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonku Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chung‑Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Myung Ko
- Department of Life Science, College of Science and Technology, Woosuk University, Chungcheongbuk 27841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung‑Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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Antioxidant Role of PRGF on RPE Cells after Blue Light Insult as a Therapy for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031021. [PMID: 32033116 PMCID: PMC7037919 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has a strong impact on the development of retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) is a novel therapeutic approach in ophthalmological pathologies. The aim of this study was to analyze the antioxidant effect of PRGF in retinal epithelial cells (EPR) in in vitro and ex vivo retinal phototoxicity models. In vitro analyses were performed on ARPE19 human cell line. Viability and mitochondrial status were assessed in order to test the primary effects of PRGF. GSH level, and protein and gene expression of the main antioxidant pathway (Keap1, Nrf2, GCL, HO-1, and NQO1) were also studied. Ex vivo analyses were performed on rat RPE, and HO-1 and Nrf2 gene and protein expression were evaluated. The results show that PRGF reduces light insult by stimulating the cell response against oxidative damage and modulates the antioxidant pathway. We conclude that PRGF’s protective effect could prove useful as a new therapy for treating neurodegenerative disorders such as AMD.
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Bandookwala M, Sengupta P. 3-Nitrotyrosine: a versatile oxidative stress biomarker for major neurodegenerative diseases. Int J Neurosci 2020; 130:1047-1062. [PMID: 31914343 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1713776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species are generated as a by-product of routine biochemical reactions. However, dysfunction of the antioxidant system or mutations in gene function may result in the elevated production of the pro-oxidant species. Modified endogenous molecules due to chemical interactions with increased levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the cellular microenvironment can be termed as biomarkers of oxidative stress. 3-Nitrotyrosine is one such promising biomarker of oxidative stress formed due to nitration of protein-bound and free tyrosine residues by reactive peroxynitrite molecules. Nitration of proteins at the subcellular level results in conformational alterations that damage the cytoskeleton and result in neurodegeneration. In this review, we summarized the role of oxidative/nitrosative processes as a contributing factor for progressive neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Lou Gehrig's disease and Prion disease. The selective tyrosine protein nitration of the major marker proteins in related pathologies has been discussed. The alteration in 3-Nitrotyrosine profile occurs well before any symptoms appear and can be considered as a potential target for early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, the reduction in 3-Nitrotyrosine levels in response to treatment with neuroprotective has been highlighted which is indicative of the importance of this particular marker in oxidative stress-related brain and central nervous system pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bandookwala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Pinaki Sengupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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25
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Farkhondeh T, Pourbagher-Shahri AM, Ashrafizadeh M, Folgado SL, Rajabpour-Sanati A, Khazdair MR, Samarghandian S. Green tea catechins inhibit microglial activation which prevents the development of neurological disorders. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:1792-1798. [PMID: 32246619 PMCID: PMC7513986 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.280300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The over-activated microglial cells induce neuroinflammation which has the main role in neurological disorders. The over-activated microglia can disturb neuronal function by releasing inflammatory mediators leading to neuronal dysfunctions and death. Thus, inhibition of over-activated microglia may be an effective therapeutic approach for modulating neuroinflammation. Experimental studies have indicated anti-neuroinflammatory effects of flavonoids such as green tea catechins. The current research was aimed to review the effect of green tea catechins in inhibiting microglial cells, inflammatory cascades, and subsequent neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | | | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Silvia Llorens Folgado
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Albacete, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Khazdair
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Healthy Ageing Research Center; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
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26
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Association of Tea Consumption with Risk of Alzheimer's Disease and Anti-Beta-Amyloid Effects of Tea. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10050655. [PMID: 29789466 PMCID: PMC5986534 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disease Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is attracting growing concern because of an increasing patient population among the elderly. Tea consumption is considered a natural complementary therapy for neurodegenerative diseases. In this paper, epidemiological studies on the association between tea consumption and the reduced risk of AD are reviewed and the anti-amyloid effects of related bioactivities in tea are summarized. Future challenges regarding the role of tea in preventing AD are also discussed.
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The critical role of epigallocatechin gallate in regulating mitochondrial metabolism. Future Med Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0204
expr 946749968 + 822201775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), one of polyphenols isolated from green tea, exhibits biology-benefiting effects with minimum severe adverse. EGCG is known to be a mitochondrion-targeting medicinal agent, regulating mitochondrial metabolism, including mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial bioenergetics, and mitochondria-mediated cell cycle and apoptosis. EGCG might exhibit either antioxidative activity to prevent against oxidative stress or pro-oxidative activity to counteract cancer cells, which depends on the cellular stress situations, cell types and the concentration of EGCG. Recent research has gained positive and promising data. This review will discuss the interaction between EGCG and mitochondrion.
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28
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The critical role of epigallocatechin gallate in regulating mitochondrial metabolism. Future Med Chem 2018; 10:795-809. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), one of polyphenols isolated from green tea, exhibits biology-benefiting effects with minimum severe adverse. EGCG is known to be a mitochondrion-targeting medicinal agent, regulating mitochondrial metabolism, including mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial bioenergetics, and mitochondria-mediated cell cycle and apoptosis. EGCG might exhibit either antioxidative activity to prevent against oxidative stress or pro-oxidative activity to counteract cancer cells, which depends on the cellular stress situations, cell types and the concentration of EGCG. Recent research has gained positive and promising data. This review will discuss the interaction between EGCG and mitochondrion.
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29
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Kosuru RY, Roy A, Das SK, Bera S. Gallic Acid and Gallates in Human Health and Disease: Do Mitochondria Hold the Key to Success? Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 62. [PMID: 29178387 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gallic acid and gallate esters are widely used as dietary supplements or additives with clinical significances. Over the last few decades, a large number of publications have been reported stating the antioxidative, antiapoptotic, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and anticancer properties of gallic acid and gallates, and mostly demonstrated their antioxidative or prooxidative properties influencing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling networks. However, very little focus has been paid to clinical trials, and this restricted their use as a prescribed preventative supplement. Since mitochondria are the principal organelles responsible for ROS generation, we reviewed the existing literature of mitochondria-specific effects of gallates including ROS production, respiration, mitochondrial biogenesis, apoptosis, and the physico-chemical parameters affecting the outcome of gallate supplementation to various health scenarios such as cardiovascular diseases, neurodegeneration, hepatic ailments, or cancers. The major signaling pathways and the molecules targeted by gallic acid and its derivatives have also been discussed with emphasis on mitochondria as the target site. This review provides a better understanding of the effect of gallic acid and gallate esters on mitochondrial functions and in designing effective preventative measures against the onset of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Yamini Kosuru
- School of Life Sciences, B. S. Abdur Rahman University, Vandalur, Chennai, 600048, India
| | - Amrita Roy
- School of Life Sciences, B. S. Abdur Rahman University, Vandalur, Chennai, 600048, India
| | - Sujoy K Das
- Bioproducts Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Chennai, 600020, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - Soumen Bera
- School of Life Sciences, B. S. Abdur Rahman University, Vandalur, Chennai, 600048, India
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30
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Fan FY, Sang LX, Jiang M. Catechins and Their Therapeutic Benefits to Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Molecules 2017; 22:E484. [PMID: 28335502 PMCID: PMC6155401 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Catechins are natural polyphenolic phytochemicals that exist in food and medicinal plants, such as tea, legume and rubiaceae. An increasing number of studies have associated the intake of catechins-rich foods with the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases in humans, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Some studies have demonstrated that catechins could significantly inhibit the excessive oxidative stress through direct or indirect antioxidant effects and promote the activation of the antioxidative substances such as glutathione peroxidases (GPO) and glutathione (GSH), reducing the oxidative damages to the colon. In addition, catechins can also regulate the infiltration and proliferation of immune related-cells, such as neutrophils, colonic epithelial cells, macrophages, and T lymphocytes, helping reduce the inflammatory relations and provide benefits to IBD. Perhaps catechins can further inhibit the deterioration of intestinal lesions through regulating the cell gap junctions. Furthermore, catechins can exert their significant anti-inflammatory properties by regulating the activation or deactivation of inflammation-related oxidative stress-related cell signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs), transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), signal transducer and the activator of transcription 1/3 (STAT1/3) pathways. Finally, catechins can also stabilize the structure of the gastrointestinal micro-ecological environment via promoting the proliferation of beneficial intestinal bacteria and regulating the balance of intestinal flora, so as to relieve the IBD. Furthermore, catechins may regulate the tight junctions (TJ) in the epithelium. This paper elaborates the currently known possible molecular mechanisms of catechins in favor of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Yan Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Li-Xuan Sang
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China.
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31
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Pan WH, Yeh NH, Yang RY, Lin WH, Wu WC, Yeh WT, Sung MK, Lee HS, Chang SJ, Huang CJ, Lin BF, Chiang MT. Vegetable, fruit, and phytonutrient consumption patterns in Taiwan. J Food Drug Anal 2017; 26:145-153. [PMID: 29389550 PMCID: PMC9332634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytonutrients may play important roles in human health and yet only recently a few studies have described phytonutrient consumption patterns, using data obtained from daily consumption methods. We aimed to estimate the phytonutrient content in Taiwanese diets and analyzed main food sources of 10 major phytonutrients. In this study, food items and dietary data gathered with the 24-hour dietary recall from 2908 participants in the 2005–2008 Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan were used to create a food phytonutrient database with 933 plant-based foods through integrating database, literature search, and chemical analysis and to appraise phytonutrient consumption status of participants. SUDAAN (Survey Data Analysis) was used for generating weighted phytonutrient intake estimates and for statistical testing. In Taiwanese adults, ~20% met the recommended number of servings for fruits and 30% met that for vegetables from the Taiwan Food-Guide recommendations. However, only 7.4% consumed the recommended numbers for both fruits and vegetables. Those meeting the recommendations tended to be older and with more females compared with those who did not. Phytonutrient intake levels were higher in meeters than nonmeeters. More than 60% of α-carotene, lycopene, hesperetin, epigallocatechin 3-gallate, and isoflavones came from a single phytonutrient-specific food source. In addition, sweet potato leaf, spinach, and water spinach were among the top three sources of multiple phytonutrients. Cross-comparison between this study and two previous studies with similar methodology showed higher mean levels of lycopene and quercetin in the United States, anthocyanidins in Korea, and lutein and zeaxanthin in Taiwan. The Taiwanese phytonutrient pattern is different from that of the Korean and American. It would be interesting to relate phytonutrient patterns to health profiles in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Harn Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Nai-Hua Yeh
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ray-Yu Yang
- Nutrition, The World Vegetable Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsuan Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chen Wu
- Nutrition, The World Vegetable Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ting Yeh
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mi-Kyung Sung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Haeng-Shin Lee
- Department of Health Industry and Policy, Korea Health Industry Development Institute, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Sue-Joan Chang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Jang Huang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bi-Fong Lin
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Tsan Chiang
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
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32
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Oliveira MRD, Nabavi SF, Daglia M, Rastrelli L, Nabavi SM. Epigallocatechin gallate and mitochondria-A story of life and death. Pharmacol Res 2015; 104:70-85. [PMID: 26731017 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a flavonoid belonging to the chemical class of falvan-3-ols (catechins) esterified with gallic acid. It is the main catechin found in green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) accounting for about 50% of its total polyphenols. Extensive research performed in recent years has revealed that green tea demonstrates a wide range of positive biological activities against serious chronic diseases such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative pathologies, cancer, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. These protective properties can be traced back to the potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of EGCG. Recent studies have suggested that it may exert its beneficial effects by modulating mitochondrial functions impacting mitochondrial biogenesis, bioenergetic control (ATP production and anabolism), alteration of the cell cycle, and mitochondria-related apoptosis. This review evaluates recent evidence on the ability of EGCG to exert critical influence on the above mentioned pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Roberto de Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, ICET, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, CEP 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Rastrelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Cheng-Chung Wei J, Huang HC, Chen WJ, Huang CN, Peng CH, Lin CL. Epigallocatechin gallate attenuates amyloid β-induced inflammation and neurotoxicity in EOC 13.31 microglia. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 770:16-24. [PMID: 26643169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are the primary immune cells that contribute to neuroinflammation by releasing various proinflammatory cytokines and neurotoxins in the brain. Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is one of the key characteristics of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, inhibitory reagents that prevent microglial activation may be used as potential therapeutic agents for treating AD. Recently, many studies have been performed to determine the bioactivities of green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), an efficient antioxidant that prevents neuroinflammation. However, limited information is available on the effects of EGCG on microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of EGCG on amyloid β (Aβ)-induced microglial activation and neurotoxicity. Our results indicated that EGCG significantly suppressed the expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in Aβ-stimulated EOC 13.31 microglia. EGCG also restored the levels of intracellular antioxidants nuclear erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), thus inhibiting reactive oxygen species-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation after Aβ treatment. Furthermore, EGCG effectively protected neuro-2a neuronal cells from Aβ-mediated, microglia-induced cytotoxicity by inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent, Aβ-induced release of TNFα. Taken together, our findings suggested that EGCG suppressed Aβ-induced neuroinflammatory response of microglia and protected against indirect neurotoxicity. These results suggest that EGCG is a possible therapeutic agent for preventing Aβ-induced inflammatory neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Cheng-Chung Wei
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Integrative Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chen Huang
- Department of Applied Science, National Hsinchu University of Education, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jen Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ning Huang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Huei Peng
- Division of Basic Medical Science, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Li Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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34
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Jia D, Rao C, Xue S, Lei J. Purification, characterization and neuroprotective effects of a polysaccharide from Gynostemma pentaphyllum. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 122:93-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Forest biorefinery: Potential of poplar phytochemicals as value-added co-products. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:681-716. [PMID: 25733011 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The global forestry industry after experiencing a market downturn during the past decade has now aimed its vision towards the integrated biorefinery. New business models and strategies are constantly being explored to re-invent the global wood and pulp/paper industry through sustainable resource exploitation. The goal is to produce diversified, innovative and revenue generating product lines using on-site bioresources (wood and tree residues). The most popular product lines are generally produced from wood fibers (biofuels, pulp/paper, biomaterials, and bio/chemicals). However, the bark and other tree residues like foliage that constitute forest wastes, still remain largely an underexploited resource from which extractives and phytochemicals can be harnessed as by-products (biopharmaceuticals, food additives and nutraceuticals, biopesticides, cosmetics). Commercially, Populus (poplar) tree species including hybrid varieties are cultivated as a fast growing bioenergy crop, but can also be utilized to produce bio-based chemicals. This review identifies and underlines the potential of natural products (phytochemicals) from Populus species that could lead to new business ventures in biorefineries and contribute to the bioeconomy. In brief, this review highlights the importance of by-products/co-products in forest industries, methods that can be employed to extract and purify poplar phytochemicals, the potential pharmaceutical and other uses of >160 phytochemicals identified from poplar species - their chemical structures, properties and bioactivities, the challenges and limitations of utilizing poplar phytochemicals, and potential commercial opportunities. Finally, the overall discussion and conclusion are made considering the recent biotechnological advances in phytochemical research to indicate the areas for future commercial applications from poplar tree species.
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Ismail N, Akhtar MN, Ismail M, Zareen S, Shah SAA, Lajis NH, Tajuddin SN. Neuroprotective effect from stem bark extracts ofKnema laurinaagainst H2O2- and Aβ1–42-induced cell death in human SH-SY5Y cells. Nat Prod Res 2014; 29:1571-4. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.985676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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37
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Schmitz K, Barthelmes J, Stolz L, Beyer S, Diehl O, Tegeder I. "Disease modifying nutricals" for multiple sclerosis. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 148:85-113. [PMID: 25435020 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The association between vitamin D and multiple sclerosis has (re)-opened new interest in nutrition and natural compounds in the prevention and treatment of this neuroinflammatory disease. The dietary amount and type of fat, probiotics and biologicals, salmon proteoglycans, phytoestrogens and protease inhibitor of soy, sodium chloride and trace elements, and fat soluble vitamins including D, A and E were all considered as disease-modifying nutraceuticals. Studies in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice suggest that poly-unsaturated fatty acids and their 'inflammation-resolving' metabolites and the gut microflora may reduce auto-aggressive immune cells and reduce progression or risk of relapse, and infection with whipworm eggs may positively change the gut-brain communication. Encouraged by the recent interest in multiple sclerosis-nutrition nature's pharmacy has been searched for novel compounds with anti-inflammatory, immune-modifying and antioxidative properties, the most interesting being the scorpion toxins that inhibit specific potassium channels of T cells and antioxidative compounds including the green tea flavonoid epigallocatechin-3-gallate, curcumin and the mustard oil glycoside from e.g. broccoli and sulforaphane. They mostly also inhibit pro-inflammatory signaling through NF-κB or toll-like receptors and stabilize the blood brain barrier. Disease modifying functions may also complement analgesic and anti-spastic effects of cannabis, its constituents, and of 'endocannabinoid enhancing' drugs or nutricals like inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase. Nutricals will not solve multiple sclerosis therapeutic challenges but possibly support pharmacological interventions or unearth novel structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Schmitz
- The MS Study Group of the TRIP-Graduate School, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Julia Barthelmes
- The MS Study Group of the TRIP-Graduate School, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Leonie Stolz
- The MS Study Group of the TRIP-Graduate School, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Susanne Beyer
- The MS Study Group of the TRIP-Graduate School, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Olaf Diehl
- The MS Study Group of the TRIP-Graduate School, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Irmgard Tegeder
- The MS Study Group of the TRIP-Graduate School, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany.
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Rojo AI, McBean G, Cindric M, Egea J, López MG, Rada P, Zarkovic N, Cuadrado A. Redox control of microglial function: molecular mechanisms and functional significance. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:1766-801. [PMID: 24597893 PMCID: PMC4186766 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by chronic microglial over-activation and oxidative stress. It is now beginning to be recognized that reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by either microglia or the surrounding environment not only impact neurons but also modulate microglial activity. In this review, we first analyze the hallmarks of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory phenotypes of microglia and their regulation by ROS. Then, we consider the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species by NADPH oxidases and nitric oxide synthases and the new findings that also indicate an essential role of glutathione (γ-glutamyl-l-cysteinylglycine) in redox homeostasis of microglia. The effect of oxidant modification of macromolecules on signaling is analyzed at the level of oxidized lipid by-products and sulfhydryl modification of microglial proteins. Redox signaling has a profound impact on two transcription factors that modulate microglial fate, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2, master regulators of the pro-inflammatory and antioxidant responses of microglia, respectively. The relevance of these proteins in the modulation of microglial activity and the interplay between them will be evaluated. Finally, the relevance of ROS in altering blood brain barrier permeability is discussed. Recent examples of the importance of these findings in the onset or progression of neurodegenerative diseases are also discussed. This review should provide a profound insight into the role of redox homeostasis in microglial activity and help in the identification of new promising targets to control neuroinflammation through redox control of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Rojo
- 1 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) , Madrid, Spain
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Zhang L, Chen QS, Xu PP, Qian Y, Wang AH, Xiao D, Zhao Y, Sheng Y, Wen XQ, Zhao WL. Catechins induced acute promyelocytic leukemia cell apoptosis and triggered PML-RARα oncoprotein degradation. J Hematol Oncol 2014; 7:75. [PMID: 25270015 PMCID: PMC4197244 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-014-0075-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has recently been reported that the extracts of green tea polyphenol have cancer preventive effects. In this study, we investigated the effect of the natural composition from green tea leaves Catechins on acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Methods In vitro, APL cell lines NB4, retinoic acid-resistant NB4-R1 and NB4-R2 were treated with different concentrations of Catechins. Cell viability and cell apoptosis were analyzed using MTT assay and flow cytometric assay, respectively. Expression of proteins related to apoptosis and PML-RARα oncoprotein were assessed by Western blot. In vivo anti-tumor activity of Catechins was examined in nude mice xenografted with NB4 cells and in situ cell apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxytransferase-catalyzed DNA nick-end labeling assay. Results Catechins at micromolar concentration levels significantly inhibited APL cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis, in association with mitochondria damage, ROS production and caspase activation. The anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member Bcl-xL was down regulated, with pro-apoptotic member Bax remaining unchanged. Moreover, Catechins induced the degradation of PML-RARα oncoprotein. Catechins-mediated apoptotic effect was also observed in primary APL cells without affecting normal hematopoietic progenitor cells. In the murine xenograft model, Catechins remarkably inhibited tumor growth and induced in situ leukemic cell apoptosis. Conclusions Catechins might be a potential candidate for APL treatment by activating intrinsic apoptotic pathway and targeting PML-RARα oncoprotein.
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Yang EJ, Song KS. Andrographolide, a major component of Andrographis paniculata leaves, has the neuroprotective effects on glutamate-induced HT22 cell death. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) attenuates infrasound-induced neuronal impairment by inhibiting microglia-mediated inflammation. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 25:716-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Park S, Choi JJ, Park BK, Yoon SJ, Choi JE, Jin M. Pheophytin a and chlorophyll a suppress neuroinflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ-stimulated BV2 microglia. Life Sci 2014; 103:59-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Cai Z, Hussain MD, Yan LJ. Microglia, neuroinflammation, and beta-amyloid protein in Alzheimer's disease. Int J Neurosci 2013; 124:307-21. [DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2013.833510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Redox activation of Nrf2 & NF-κB: a double end sword? Cell Signal 2013; 25:2548-57. [PMID: 23993959 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Moderate concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by diverse sources under physiological conditions. At such low levels, these molecules may act as upstream mediators of relevant signaling pathways; however an increase in their concentration with respect to the antioxidant system activity, changes their redox signaling function into a deleterious role. Thus, cell health depends, at least in part, on redox balance. This review includes global aspects of oxygen chemistry, ROS generation, antioxidant system, and redox signaling. It is also focused on the description of two relevant redox-sensitive transcription factors: nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which may be a potential target to confer cell protection, and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), which is involved in deleterious effects in the cell. Finally, recent findings on the interplay between both factors for the development of different pathologies are discussed.
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Zhang S, Liu Y, Zhao Z, Xue Y. Effects of green tea polyphenols on caveolin-1 of microvessel fragments in rats with cerebral ischemia. Neurol Res 2013; 32:963-70. [DOI: 10.1179/016164110x12700393823570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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46
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Teixeira MDA, Souza CM, Menezes APF, Carmo MRS, Fonteles AA, Gurgel JP, Lima FAV, Viana GSB, Andrade GM. Catechin attenuates behavioral neurotoxicity induced by 6-OHDA in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2013; 110:1-7. [PMID: 23714698 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the beneficial effect of catechin in a model of Parkinson's disease. Unilateral, intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rats were pretreated with catechin (10 and 30 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection 2h before surgery and for 14 days afterwards. After treatments, apomorphine-induced rotations, locomotor activity, working memory and early and late aversive memories were evaluated. The mesencephalon was used to determine the levels of monoamines and measurement of glutathione (GSH). Immunohistochemical staining was also used to evaluate the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in mesencephalic and striatal tissues. Catechin administration attenuated the increase in rotational behavior and the decrease in locomotor activity observed in lesioned rats. Although catechin did not rescue the impairment of late aversive memory, it protected the animals against 6-OHDA-induced working memory deficits. Furthermore, catechin treatment restored GSH levels, and significantly increased dopamine and DOPAC content, and TH-immunoreactivity in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. Catechin protected 6-OHDA-lesioned rats due to its antioxidant action, indicating that it could be useful as an adjunctive therapy for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D A Teixeira
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Behavior, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1127, Fortaleza 60430270, Brazil
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Zhang H, Shao D, Wu Y, Dai B, Cai C, Fang W, Ye B, Zhang Y, liu J, Jia X. Regulation of nodularin-induced apoptosis by epigallocatechin-3-gallate on fish lymphocytes in vitro. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 34:1085-1093. [PMID: 23403155 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Nodularin is one of the most conspicuous and widespread pollutants that elicit water ecological hazards to fish, causing serious damage on the immune system and physiological functions. Nodularin can cause oxidative stress-induced apoptosis on fish lymphocytes. The regulatory effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) at 10, 100, and 1000 μg/L levels on the antioxidant defense system and apoptosis of Carassius auratus lymphocytes exposed to a high dose of nodularin (100 μg/L) were quantified in vitro. EGCG reduced nodularin-induced oxidative damage on fish immune cells. This compound significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase and the level of glutathione but decreased the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde. Flow cytometry results showed that the percentages of apoptotic cells after treatment with 10, 100, and 1000 μg/L EGCG for 12 h reached 27.9%, 19.1%, and 13.7%, respectively. By contrast, the nodularin alone-induced group showed a high percentage of apoptosis (44.2%). Western blot analysis showed the increased expression of bcl-2 and the decreased expression of bax and caspase-3 in EGCG-treated fish lymphocytes. EGCG also inhibited the potential collapse of the mitochondrial membrane. Overall, EGCG can inhibit nodularin-induced apoptosis and protect the normal immunity of fish by regulating bax/bcl-2 and blocking the downstream of mitochondrial apoptosis pathway with increased intracellular antioxidant enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangjun Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Xuelin Road 16#, Xiasha Gaojiao Dongqu, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310036, China.
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Blockage of CR1 prevents activation of rodent microglia. Neurobiol Dis 2013; 54:139-49. [PMID: 23454195 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of the complement system in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis has been emphasized through recent genome wide association studies. However, the cellular and molecular role of these complement proteins is not fully understood. Microglia express complement receptors and the activation of specific receptors may increase Aβ clearance and reduce neurodegeneration. Here, we investigated the contribution of complement receptor 1 (CR1), the second most significant hit in GWAS studies, on microglia to neuronal damage. We show that microglia displaying an activated phenotype demonstrate an increase in CR1 expression. We also provide evidence that activation of microglial CR1 was detrimental to neurons and this correlated with an increase in microglial intracellular superoxide generation, and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and interleukin-1 β (IL-1β) secretion. Amyloid-β 42 (Aβ1-42)-treated microglia displayed an increased ability to phagocytose dextran beads following antibody blockage of CR1 but a decreased capacity to phagocytose fluorescent-tagged Aβ1-42. Together, these results indicate that microglial CR1 plays a role in the neuronal death observed in AD and investigating this further may provide a possible strategy to control neurotoxicity in the AD brain.
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Mähler A, Mandel S, Lorenz M, Ruegg U, Wanker EE, Boschmann M, Paul F. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate: a useful, effective and safe clinical approach for targeted prevention and individualised treatment of neurological diseases? EPMA J 2013; 4:5. [PMID: 23418936 PMCID: PMC3585739 DOI: 10.1186/1878-5085-4-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders show an increasing prevalence in a number of highly developed countries. Often, these diseases require life-long treatment mostly with drugs which are costly and mostly accompanied by more or less serious side-effects. Their heterogeneous manifestation, severity and outcome pose the need for individualised treatment options. There is an intensive search for new strategies not only for treating but also for preventing these diseases. Green tea and green tea extracts seem to be such a promising and safe alternative. However, data regarding the beneficial effects and possible underlying mechanism, specifically in clinical trials, are rare and rather controversial or non-conclusive. This review outlines the existing evidence from preclinical studies (cell and tissue cultures and animal models) and clinical trials regarding preventive and therapeutic effects of epigallcatechin-3-gallate in neurodegenerative diseases and considers antioxidative vs. pro-oxidative properties of the tea catechin important for dosage recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Mähler
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité University Medicine Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, D-13125, Germany.
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Itoh T, Tabuchi M, Mizuguchi N, Imano M, Tsubaki M, Nishida S, Hashimoto S, Matsuo K, Nakayama T, Ito A, Munakata H, Satou T. Neuroprotective effect of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate in rats when administered pre- or post-traumatic brain injury. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2012. [PMID: 23180302 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-012-0918-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study indicated that consuming (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) before or after traumatic brain injury (TBI) eliminated free radical generation in rats, resulting in inhibition of neuronal degeneration and apoptotic death, and improvement of cognitive impairment. Here we investigated the effects of administering EGCG at various times pre- and post-TBI on cerebral function and morphology. Wistar rats were divided into five groups and were allowed access to (1) normal drinking water, (2) EGCG pre-TBI, (3) EGCG pre- and post-TBI, (4) EGCG post-TBI, and (5) sham-operated group with access to normal drinking water. TBI was induced with a pneumatic controlled injury device at 10 weeks of age. Immunohistochemistry and lipid peroxidation studies revealed that at 1, 3, and 7 days post-TBI, the number of 8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine-, 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal- and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-positive cells, and levels of malondialdehyde around the damaged area were significantly decreased in all EGCG treatment groups compared with the water group (P < 0.05). Although there was a significant increase in the number of surviving neurons after TBI in each EGCG treatment group compared with the water group (P < 0.05), significant improvement of cognitive impairment after TBI was only observed in the groups with continuous and post-TBI access to EGCG (P < 0.05). These results indicate that EGCG inhibits free radical-induced neuronal degeneration and apoptotic death around the area damaged by TBI. Importantly, continuous and post-TBI access to EGCG improved cerebral function following TBI. In summary, consumption of green tea may be an effective therapy for TBI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuki Itoh
- Department of Pathology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan.
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